query: france second world war normandy

positive: 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division The 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that served with distinction in both World War I and World War II. In the Great War the 15th (Scottish) Division was formed from men volunteering for Kitchener's New Armies and served on the Western Front for three years. The division was later disbanded, after the war, in 1919.

positive: 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos was a Fusiliers Marins commando unit of  the Free French Navy which served during the Second World War. Initially its Commandant was then-Lieutenant de Vaisseau (Lieutenant) Philippe Kieffer of the Free French Navy, under whose command they participated in the Normandy landings.

positive: 2nd Armored Division (France) The French 2nd Armored Division (French: 2e Division Blindée, 2e DB), commanded by General Philippe Leclerc, fought during the final phases of World War II in the Western Front.

positive: 51st (Highland) Division The 51st (Highland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army that fought on the Western Front in France during the Great War from 1915 to 1918. The division was raised in 1908, upon the creation of the Territorial Force, as the Highland Division and later 51st (Highland) Division from 1915. The division's insignia was a stylised 'HD' inside a red circle.

positive: 60th Infantry Regiment (United States) The U.S. 60th Infantry Regiment is a regimental unit in the United States Army. Its 2nd and 3rd Battalion conduct Basic Combat Training.Participating in three wars on three continents, the 60th has played a conspicuous role in the achievements of 5th Division in WWI and 9th Infantry Division in World War II and Vietnam. The regimental crest reflects this.

positive: American airborne landings in Normandy The American airborne landings in Normandy were the first United States combat operations during Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by the Western Allies on June 6, 1944. Around 13,100 paratroopers of the U.S. 82nd Airborne and 101st Airborne Divisions made night parachute drops early on D-Day, June 6, followed by 3,937 glider troops flown in by day.

positive: Apocalypse: The Second World War Apocalypse: The Second World War (French: Apocalypse, la 2e Guerre mondiale) (2009) is a six-part French documentary by Daniel Costelle and Isabelle Clarke about the Second World War. The music of the documentary was composed by Kenji Kawai.The documentary is composed exclusively of actual footage of the war as filmed by war correspondents, soldiers, resistance fighters and private citizens.

positive: Battle for Caen The Battle for Caen from June–August 1944 was a battle of the Second World War between Allied forces of the mainly Anglo-Canadian Second Army and German forces of Panzergruppe West during the Battle of Normandy. The Allies aimed to take Caen, one of the largest cities in Normandy on D-Day. Caen was an important Allied objective because it lay astride the Orne River and Caen Canal; these two water obstacles could strengthen a German defensive position if not crossed.

positive: Battle of Carentan The Battle of Carentan was an engagement in World War II between airborne forces of the United States Army and the German Wehrmacht during the Battle of Normandy. The battle took place between 10 and 15 June 1944, on the approaches to and within the city of Carentan, France.The objective of the attacking American forces was consolidation of the U.S. beachheads (Utah Beach and Omaha Beach) and establishment of a continuous defensive line against expected German counterattacks.

positive: Battle of Cherbourg The Battle of Cherbourg was part of the Battle of Normandy during World War II. It was fought immediately after the successful Allied landings on June 6, 1944. American troops isolated and captured the fortified port, which was considered vital to the campaign in Western Europe, in a hard-fought, month-long campaign.

positive: Battle of Verrières Ridge The Battle of Verrières Ridge was a series of engagements fought as part of the Battle of Normandy, in western France, during the Second World War. The main combatants were two Canadian infantry divisions—with additional support from the Canadian 2nd Armoured Brigade—against elements of three German SS Panzer divisions.

positive: Battle of Villers-Bocage The Battle of Villers-Bocage took place during the Second World War on 13 June 1944, one week after the Normandy Landings by the Western Allies to begin the conquest of German-occupied France. The battle was the result of a British attempt to improve their position, by exploiting a gap in the German defences west of the city of Caen.

positive: British Expeditionary Force (World War II) The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British Army in Europe from 1939 to 1940 during the Second World War. Commanded by General Lord Gort, the BEF constituted one-tenth of the defending Allied force.The British Expeditionary Force was established in 1938 in readiness for a perceived threat of war after Germany annexed Austria in March 1938 and the claims on the Sudetenland, which led to the invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.

positive: Bény-sur-Mer Canadian War Cemetery The Bény-sur-Mer Canadian War Cemetery is a cemetery containing predominantly Canadian soldiers killed during the early stages of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War. It is located in and named after Bény-sur-Mer in the Calvados department, near Caen in lower Normandy.  As is typical of war cemeteries in France, the grounds are beautifully landscaped and immaculately kept.

positive: Brécourt Manor Assault The Brécourt Manor Assault (6 June 1944) during the U.S. parachute assault of the Normandy Invasion of World War II is often cited as a classic example of small-unit tactics and leadership in overcoming a larger enemy force.

positive: Clearing the Channel Coast Clearing the Channel Coast was the task assigned, in World War II, to the 1st Canadian Army in August 1944, following the Allied breakout from Normandy.The Canadian Army's line of advance took them from Normandy to the Scheldt. En route, they were to capture the Channel ports needed to supply the allied armies and clear the Germans from the Channel litoral and most of the launch sites for the V-1 missiles.

positive: D-Day naval deceptions Operations Taxable, Glimmer and Big Drum were tactical military deceptions conducted on 6 June 1944 in support of the Allied landings in Normandy. The operations formed the naval component of Operation Bodyguard, a wider series of tactical and strategic deceptions surrounding the invasion. Small boats, along with aircraft from RAF Bomber Command, simulated invasion fleets approaching Cap d'Antifer, Pas-de-Calais and Normandy.

positive: European theatre of World War II The European Theatre of World War II, also known as the European War, was a huge area of heavy fighting across Europe, from Germany's and the Soviet Union's joint invasion of Poland in September 1939 until the end of the war with the Soviet Union conquering much of Europe along with the German unconditional surrender on May 8, 1945 (V-E Day).

positive: Falaise pocket The Falaise Pocket or Battle of the Falaise Pocket (12–21 August 1944) was the decisive engagement of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War. A pocket was formed around Falaise, Calvados, in which the German Army Group B, with the 7th Army and the Fifth Panzer Army (formerly Panzergruppe West) were encircled by the Western Allies.

positive: Free France Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces that continued to fight against the Axis powers as an Ally after the fall of France.

positive: Gold Beach Gold, commonly known as Gold Beach, was the code name for one of the five areas of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944, during the Second World War. Gold, the central of the five areas, was located between Port-en-Bessin on the west and La Rivière on the east. High cliffs at the western end of the zone meant that the landings took place on the flat section between Le Hamel and La Rivière, in the sectors code-named Jig and King.

positive: H-hour (D-day) H-hour was the name given to the airborne assault in the Battle of Normandy.  It included the American 101st Airborne Division and 82nd Airborne Division With the British 6th Airborne Division. This took place about three hours before the main beach landings on the Normandy.  The Airborne invasion consisted of over 50,000 men and around 1,200 planes and gliders.

positive: Hill 262 Hill 262, or the Mont Ormel ridge (elevation 262 metres (860 ft)), is an area of high ground above the village of Coudehard in Normandy that was the location of a bloody engagement in the final stages of the Normandy Campaign during the Second World War. By late summer 1944, the bulk of two German armies had become surrounded by the Allies near the town of Falaise. The Mont Ormel ridge, with its commanding view of the area, sat astride the Germans' only escape route.

positive: Hillman Site The Hillman Site (French: Site fortifié Hillman) was a German command post built during the Second World War and located at Colleville-Montgomery in Normandy, France.

positive: History of Normandy Normandy was a province in the North-West of France under the Ancien Régime. Initially populated by Celtic tribes in the West and Belgic tribes in the North East, it was conquered in 98 AD by the Romans and integrated into the province of Gallia Lugdunensis by Augustus. In the 4th century, Gratian divided the province into the civitates which constitute the historical borders.

positive: History of the Second World War The History of the Second World War is the official history of Britain's contribution to the Second World War and was published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). This immense project was sub-divided into areas to ease publication. Military operations are covered in the United Kingdom Military Series, the United Kingdom Civil Series covers aspects of the civilian war effortand the Foreign Policy series; the Intelligence series and the Medical series are eponymous.

positive: Invasion of Normandy The Invasion of Normandy was the invasion by and establishment of Western Allied forces in Normandy, during Operation Overlord in 1944 during World War II; the largest amphibious invasion to ever take place.D-Day, the day of the initial assaults, was Tuesday 6 June 1944. Allied land forces that saw combat in Normandy on that day came from Canada, the Free French forces, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

positive: Juno Beach Juno or Juno Beach was one of five beaches of the Allied invasion of German occupied France in the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944, during the Second World War. The beach spanned from Courseulles-sur-Mer, a village just east of the British beach Gold, to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, just west of the British beach Sword.

positive: List of military cemeteries in Normandy The following military cemeteries were established in the French region of Normandy in memory for casualties of the World War II battles there:

positive: List of military engagements of World War II This is a list of military engagements of World War II encompassing land, naval, and air engagements as well as campaigns, operations, defensive lines and sieges. Campaigns generally refer to broader strategic operations conducted over a large bit of territory and over a long period. Battles generally refer to short periods of intense combat localised to a specific area and over a specific period. However, use of the terms in naming such events is not consistent.

positive: Maquis du Mont Mouchet The Maquis du Mont Mouchet were a group of French resistance fighters during the Second World War. Based at Mont Mouchet, its goal was to delay the convergence of German forces in the south of France with those in Normandy, in order to aid the Allies (World War II) in the reconquest of France.The Germans, having discovered the maquis, made several attacks up until May 1944 with about 3,000 men and using aviation and armoured units.

positive: Military history of France during World War II The military history of France during World War II covers the period from 1939 until 1940, which witnessed French military participation under the French Third Republic, and the period from 1940 until 1945, which was marked by mainland and overseas military administration and struggles for the French colonies (under the command of Admiral François Darlan) between  Vichy France, the Free French Forces under General Charles de Gaulle (London) and the Army of Africa under General Henri Giraud (French Algeria), with French Resistance and National Council of the Resistance.In August 1943, the de Gaulle and Giraud forces merged in a single chain of command subordinated to Anglo-American leadership, meanwhile opposing French forces on the Eastern Front were subordinated to Soviet or German leaderships.

positive: Mission Albany Mission Albany was a parachute combat assault at night by the U.S. 101st Airborne Division on June 6, 1944, part of the American airborne landings in Normandy. It was the opening step of Operation Neptune, the assault portion of the Allied invasion of France, Operation Overlord.

positive: Mission Boston Mission Boston was a parachute combat assault at night by the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division on June 6, 1944, part of the American airborne landings in Normandy. Boston was a component of Operation Neptune, the assault portion of the Allied invasion of France, Operation Overlord.

positive: Normandy Campaign The Battle of Normandy or Normandy Campaign includes the following: Operation Overlord – The Western Allied campaign in France from June 6 – August 25, 1944 The Invasion of Normandy, or "Operation Neptune" – The initial part of Overlord, from June 6 – mid-July 1944 The Normandy landings on June 6, 1944Operation Cobra, the breakout from Normandy, starting on July 25, 1944The "Battle of Normandy" is the official term for the British, French and Canadian military campaign lasting from June 6 – September 1, 1944.

positive: Normandy landings The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front.Planning for the operation began in 1943.

positive: Omaha Beach Omaha Beach was the code name for one of the five sectors of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944, during World War II. Omaha is located on the coast of Normandy, France, facing the English Channel, and is 8 kilometres (5 mi) long, from east of Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes to west of Vierville-sur-Mer on the right bank of the Douve River estuary.

positive: Operation Aquatint Operation Aquatint was the codename for a failed raid by British Commandos on the coast of occupied France during the Second World War. The raid was undertaken in September 1942 on part of what later became Omaha Beach by No. 62 Commando, also known as the Small Scale Raiding Force.Prior to the operation, a raid on the French coastal town of Dieppe had placed the German occupying forces on a high state of alert, and this ultimately contributed to Aquatint's failure.

positive: Operation Astrakan Operation Astrakan was a raid by British Commandos during the Second World War. The raid against Houlgate in France  was carried out  by No. 101 (Folbot) Troop, No. 6 Commando over the night of 12/13 November 1941.

positive: Operation Atlantic Operation Atlantic (18–21 July 1944) was a Canadian offensive during the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War. The offensive, launched in conjunction with the British-led Operation Goodwood, was part of an ongoing effort to seize the French city of Caen and vicinity from German forces.

positive: Operation Bluecoat Operation Bluecoat was an attack by the British Army during the Battle of Normandy, lasting from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, launched by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army, were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pinçon.

positive: Operation Charnwood Operation Charnwood was an offensive by British and Canadian troops that took place from 8 to 9 July 1944, during the Battle for Caen in the Second World War. The operation was intended to at least partially capture the German-occupied French city of Caen (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃]), which was an important objective for the Allies during the opening stages of Operation Overlord, the codename for the Battle of Normandy.

positive: Operation Cobra Operation Cobra was the codename for an offensive launched by the First United States Army seven weeks after the D-Day landings, during the Normandy Campaign of World War II. American Lieutenant General Omar Bradley's intention was to take advantage of the German preoccupation with British and Canadian activity around the town of Caen, in Operation Goodwood, and immediately punch through the German defenses that were penning in his troops while the Germans were distracted and unbalanced.

positive: Operation Epsom Operation Epsom, also known as the First Battle of the Odon, was a Second World War British offensive that took place between 26 and 30 June 1944, during the Battle of Normandy.

positive: Operation Goodwood Operation Goodwood was a Second World War British offensive that took place between 18 and 20 July 1944 as part of the ongoing battle for Caen in Normandy, France. British VIII Corps, with three armoured divisions, launched the attack aiming to seize the German-held Bourguébus Ridge, along with the area between Bretteville-sur-Laize and Vimont, while also destroying as many German tanks as possible. Goodwood was preceded by preliminary attacks dubbed the Second Battle of the Odon.

positive: Operation Jupiter (1944) This article is about the 1944 Operation Jupiter in France. For other uses, see Operation Jupiter (disambiguation).Operation Jupiter was an offensive launched by VIII Corps of the British Second Army on 10 July 1944 during the Battle of Normandy of World War II. The objective of the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division was to capture the villages of Baron-sur-Odon, Fontaine-Étoupefour, Chateau de Fontaine and recapture Hill 112.

positive: Operation Martlet Operation Martlet (also known as Operation Dauntless) was part of the series of Allied attacks to capture the town of Caen and environs from German forces in Normandy, France, during the Second World War. It was a preliminary operation undertaken on 25 June 1944 by XXX Corps of the British Second Army, to capture Rauray and the area around Noyers, to protect the right flank of VIII Corps as it began Operation Epsom, an offensive into the Odon Valley west of Caen on 26 June.

positive: Operation Overlord Operation Overlord was the code name for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II. The operation commenced on 6 June 1944 with the Normandy landings (Operation Neptune, commonly known as D-Day). A 1,200-plane airborne assault preceded an amphibious assault involving more than 5,000 vessels.

positive: Operation Perch Operation Perch was a British offensive of the Second World War which took place from 7–14 June 1944, during the Battle of Normandy. The operation was intended to encircle and seize the German occupied city of Caen, which was an Allied D-Day objective in the early stages of the Operation Overlord. Operation Perch was to begin immediately after the British beach landings with an advance to the south-east of Caen by XXX Corps.

positive: Operation Spring Operation Spring was an offensive operation conducted by II Canadian Corps during the Normandy campaign.  The plan was intended to create pressure on the German forces operating on the British and Canadian front simultaneously to American offensive operations in their sector known as Operation Cobra, an attempt to break out from the Normandy lodgement. Specifically, Operation Spring was intended to capture Verrières Ridge and the towns on the south slope of the ridge.

positive: Operation Sunstar Operation Sunstar was a Second World War raid on Houlgate in Normandy, France over the night of 22/23 November 1941. British Commandos of No. 9 Commando took part in the raid their objective was the Batterie de Tournebride on the Butte de Houlgate. Ninety men of No.9 Commando travelled across the English Channel on the HMS Prince Leopold and landed at the bottom of the Vaches Noires.

positive: Operation Tonga This article summarises British airborne operations during the Normandy landings.

positive: Operation Totalize Operation Totalize (also spelled "Operation Totalise" in some more recent British sources) was an offensive launched by Allied troops of the First Canadian Army during the later stages of Operation Overlord, from 8 to 13 August 1944. The intention was to break through the German defences south of Caen on the eastern flank of the Allied positions in Normandy and exploit success by driving south to capture the high ground north of the city of Falaise.

positive: Operation Tractable Operation Tractable was the final offensive conducted by Canadian and Polish Army troops, supported by one brigade of British tanks, as part of the Battle of Normandy. The goal of this operation was to capture the strategically important French town of Falaise, and following that, the smaller towns of Trun and Chambois.

positive: Pegasus Bridge Pegasus Bridge is a bascule bridge (a type of movable bridge), that was built in 1934, that crossed the Caen Canal, between Caen and Ouistreham, in Normandy, France.Also known as the Bénouville Bridge after the neighbouring village, it was, with the nearby Ranville Bridge over the river Orne, a major objective of the British airborne troops during Operation Deadstick, part of Operation Tonga in the opening minutes of the Allied invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944 during the Second World War.

positive: Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque Philippe François Marie Leclerc de Hauteclocque, (French pronunciation: [filip ləklɛʁ də otklɔk]; 22 November 1902 – 28 November 1947), was a French general during the Second World War. He became Marshal of France posthumously in 1952, and is known in France simply as le maréchal Leclerc or just Leclerc.The son of an aristocratic family, de Hauteclocque graduated from the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, the French military academy, in 1924.

positive: Pointe du Hoc Pointe du Hoc (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t dy ɔk]) is a promontory with a 100 ft (30 m) cliff overlooking the English Channel on the coast of Normandy in northern France. During World War II it was the highest point between Utah Beach to the west and Omaha Beach to the east. The German army fortified the area with concrete casements and gun pits. On D-Day (6 June 1944) the United States Army Ranger Assault Group assaulted and captured Pointe du Hoc after scaling the cliffs.

positive: Second Battle of the Odon The Second Battle of the Odon was a series of operations fought by the British Army in World War II in mid-July 1944 against Panzergruppe West as part of the Battle of Normandy. Operations Greenline and Pomegranate were intended to draw German attention away from the upcoming assault from the Orne bridgehead, codenamed Operation Goodwood.

positive: Sword Beach Sword, commonly known as Sword Beach, was the code name given to one of the five main landing areas along the Normandy coast during the initial assault phase, Operation Neptune, of Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of German-occupied France that commenced on 6 June 1944. Stretching 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Ouistreham to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, the beach was the easternmost landing site of the invasion.

positive: The Second World War (book) The Second World War is a narrative history of World War II by British historian Antony Beevor. The book starts with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and covers the entire Second World War ending with the final surrender of Axis forces.

positive: Utah Beach Utah Beach was the code name for one of the five sectors of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, during World War II. The westernmost of the five landing beaches, Utah is on the Cotentin Peninsula, west of the mouths of the Douve and Vire rivers. Amphibious landings at Utah were undertaken by United States Army troops, with sea transport and naval artillery support provided by the U.S.

positive: VIII Corps (United States) The U.S. VIII Corps was a corps of the United States Army that saw service during various times over a fifty-year period during the 20th century. The VIII Corps was organized 26–29 November 1918 in the Regular Army in France and demobilized on 20 April 1919. The VIII Corps was soon reactivated, being constituted in the Organized Reserves in 1921. It was allotted to the Regular Army in 1933 and activated on 14 October 1940 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

positive: Western Front (World War II) The Western Front of the European theatre of World War II encompassed Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Western Germany. World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations.

positive: XV Corps (United States) The XV Corps of the US Army was initially constituted on 1 October 1933 as part of the Organized Reserves, and was activated on 15 February 1943 at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. During the Second World War, XV Corps fought for 307 days in the European Theater of Operations, fighting from Normandy through France and southern Germany into Austria. The corps was commanded in combat by Major General Wade H. Haislip, initially as a subordinate unit to the Third U.S.

negative: 8th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom) The 8th Armoured Brigade was an armoured brigade of the British Army formed in August 1941, during the Second World War and active until 1956. The brigade was formed by the renaming of 6th Cavalry Brigade, when the 1st Cavalry Division based in Palestine (of which it was part) converted from a motorised formation (having been horse-mounted until January 1940) to an armoured unit.

negative: Armistice of 22 June 1940 The Armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed at 18:36 near Compiègne, France, by the top military officials of Nazi Germany and more junior representatives from the French Third Republic. They included General Wilhelm Keitel, the commander-in-chief of the Wehrmacht (the German Army), and by General Charles Huntziger for the French side.

negative: Bayeux Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery The Bayeux War Cemetery is the largest Second World War cemetery of Commonwealth soldiers in France, located in Bayeux, Normandy. The cemetery contains 4,648 burials, mostly of the Invasion of Normandy.

negative: Bretteville-sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery The Bretteville-sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery is a war cemetery containing predominantly Canadian soldiers killed during the later stages of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War. It is located close to the village of Cintheaux and named after Bretteville-sur-Laize in the Calvados department, between Caen and Falaise in lower Normandy.

negative: British Army during the Second World War The British Army during the Second World War was, in 1939, a volunteer army, that introduced limited conscription in early 1939, and full conscription shortly after the declaration of war with Germany. During the early years of the war, the army suffered defeat in almost every theatre in which it was deployed. With mass conscription, the expansion of the army was reflected in the formation of larger armies and army groups.

negative: British Commando operations during the Second World War The British Commandos formed during the Second World War, following an order from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in June 1940 for a force that could carry out raids against German occupied Europe. Commandos were all volunteers for special service and originally came from the British Army but volunteers would eventually come from all branches of the United Kingdom's armed forces and foreign volunteers from countries occupied by the Germans.

negative: British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War entailed a large-scale division of military and civilian mobilisation in response to the threat of invasion by German armed forces in 1940 and 1941. The British army needed to recover from the defeat of the British Expeditionary Force in France, and 1.5 million men were enrolled as part-time soldiers in the Home Guard.

negative: Douglas Alexander Graham Major-General Douglas Alexander Henry Graham CB, CBE, DSO & Bar, MC, DL (26 March 1893 – 28 September 1971) was a senior officer of the British Army who fought with distinction in both World War I and World War II. During his early life he studied at the University of Glasgow. When the First World War broke out in August 1914, Graham was serving in the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) and during the conflict was rescued by Henry May, the action that led to May being awarded the Victoria Cross.

negative: Fall Rot During World War II, Fall Rot (Case Red) was the plan for the second phase of the conquest of France by the German Army and began on 5 June 1940. It had been made possible by the success of Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), the invasion of Belgium in the Battle of France and the encirclement of the Allied armies in the north on the Channel coast.

negative: First United States Army The First Army is the oldest and longest established field army of the United States Army, having seen service in both World War I and World War II, under some of the most famous and distinguished officers of the U.S. Army. It now serves as a mobilization, readiness and training command.

negative: France–United Kingdom relations France–United Kingdom relations are the relations between the governments of the French Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). The historical ties between the two countries are long and complex, including conquest, wars, and alliances at various points in history.

negative: Georges Journois Georges Henri Journois (13 November 1896 – 26 September 1944) was a French resistance fighter and Brigadier General who died in a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Wilhelmshaven, Germany.

negative: German military administration in occupied France during World War II The Military Administration in France (German: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; French: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France.

negative: Hell in Normandy Hell in Normandy (Italian title: Testa di sbarco per otto implacabili, French title: Tête de pont pour huit implacables) is a 1968 French/Italian international co-production World War II film directed by Alfonso Brescia.

negative: Index of World War II articles (L) This is an Index of World War II articles, that can be found on Wikipedia.

negative: James Hargest Brigadier James Hargest CBE, DSO & Two Bars, MC, ED, MP (4 September 1891 – 12 August 1944) was an officer in the New Zealand Military Forces, serving in the First and Second World Wars.  He was a Member of New Zealand's Parliament from 1931 to 1944, representing firstly the Invercargill and then the Awarua electorates.Born in Gore in 1891, Hargest was a farmer when he volunteered for the New Zealand Expeditionary Force following the outbreak of the First World War.

negative: Keith Douglas Keith Castellain Douglas (24 January 1920 – 9 June 1944) was an English poet noted for his war poetry during the Second World War and his wry memoir of the Western Desert campaign, Alamein to Zem Zem. He was killed in action during the invasion of Normandy.

negative: La Coupole La Coupole (English: The Dome), also known as the Coupole d'Helfaut-Wizernes and originally codenamed Bauvorhaben 21 (Building Project 21) or Schotterwerk Nordwest (Northwest Gravel Works), is a Second World War bunker complex in the Pas-de-Calais department of northern France, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Saint-Omer, and some 14.4 kilometers (8.9 miles) south-southeast from the less developed Blockhaus d'Eperlecques V-2 launch installation in the same area.

negative: List of Second World War British airborne battalions The Second World War British airborne forces comprised the Parachute Regiment, the Glider Pilot Regiment, the airlanding battalions and from 1944 the Special Air Service Brigade.Their formation followed the success of the German airborne operations, during the Battle of France. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, directed the War Office to investigate the possibility of creating a corps of 5,000 parachute troops.On 22 June 1940, No.

negative: List of Second World War Victoria Cross recipients The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other Orders, decorations and medals; it may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command.

negative: Merville Gun Battery The Merville Gun Battery was a coastal fortification in Normandy, France, in use as part of the Nazis' Atlantic Wall built to defend continental Europe from Allied invasion. It was a particularly heavily fortified position and one of the first places to be attacked by Allied forces during the Normandy Landings commonly known as D-Day.

negative: Military history of Canada during World War II The Second World War officially began on 1 September 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. Britain and France declared war on the Third Reich, two days later, on 3 September 1939. One week later, on 10 September 1939, Canada likewise declared war on Germany, the country's first independent declaration of war and the beginning of Canada's participation in the largest combined national effort in its history.

negative: Military history of France The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, the European continent, and a variety of regions throughout the world.The first major recorded wars in the territory of modern-day France itself revolved around the Gallo-Roman conflict that predominated from 60 BC to 50 BC. The Romans eventually emerged victorious through the celebrated campaigns of Julius Caesar.

negative: Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II Britain, along with most of its dominions, Crown colonies, and British India, declared war on Nazi Germany in 1939. War with Japan began in 1941, after it attacked British colonies in Asia. The Axis powers were defeated by the Allies in 1945.

negative: Mémorial de Caen The Mémorial de Caen is a museum and war memorial in Caen, Normandy, France commemorating the Second World War and the Battle for Caen. The building and grounds are located in the northern suburbs of the city of Caen on the site of an old blockhouse. The architect was Jacques Millet and the original curator was Yves Degraine.The memorial is dedicated to the history of violence and intensive, outstanding conflict in the 20th Century and particularly World War II.

negative: Normandy Normandy (/ˈnɔrməndi/; French: Normandie, pronounced [nɔʁ.mɑ̃.di], Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical region of France corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy.Since 1956, Normandy has been divided into two administrative regions: Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy; the regions will be merged into one single region effective 1 January 2016.

negative: Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial The Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial is a World War II cemetery and memorial in Colleville-sur-Mer, Normandy, France, that honours American troops who died in Europe during World War II.

negative: Occupation of the Channel Islands The Channel Islands were occupied by Nazi Germany for most of the Second World War, from 30 June 1940 until their liberation on 9 May 1945. The Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey are two British Crown dependencies in the English Channel, near the coast of Normandy. The Channel Islands were the only part of the British Isles to be invaded and occupied by German forces during the war.

negative: Operation Batman Operation Batman was a Second World War raid by British Commandos near Cherbourg France in November 1942. The men that took part in the raid were drawn from No. 12 Commando and No. 62 Commando.

negative: Operation Chopper (commando raid) Operation Chopper was a British Commando raid by No. 1 Commando during the Second World War.The raid, over the night of 27/28 September 1941, targeted Saint-Aubin-d'Arquenay in France; a troop of No. 1 Commando spent a day ashore.

negative: Operation Dragoon Operation Dragoon was the Allied invasion of southern France on 15 August 1944, during World War II. The invasion was initiated via a parachute drop by the 1st Airborne Task Force, followed by an amphibious assault by elements of the United States Seventh Army, followed a day later by a force made up primarily of the French First Army. The landing caused the German Army Group G to abandon southern France and to retreat under constant Allied attacks to the Vosges Mountains.

negative: Operation Houndsworth Operation Houndsworth was the codename for a British Special Air Service operation during the Second World War. The operation carried out by 'A' Squadron, 1st Special Air Service between 6 June and 6 September 1944, was centred on Dijon in the Burgundy region of France. Their objective was to disrupt German lines of communication, coordinate the activities of the French Resistance and prevent German reinforcements moving to the Normandy beachheads especially the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich.

negative: Orglandes German war cemetery Orglandes War Cemetery is a German World War II cemetery in Normandy, France. It is located on the northern edge of the village of Orglandes, about 25 km west of Bayeux. The burials come from summer 1944, immediately following D-Day and the Battle of Normandy.The entrance is marked by a small house surmounted by a bell-tower. The cemetery consists of 28 rows of graves, each grave marked by a stone cross.

negative: Outline of World War II The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War II:World War II, or the Second World War – global military conflict from 1939 to 1945, which was fought between the Allied powers of the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union against the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan, with their respective allies. Over 60 million people, the majority of them civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history.

negative: Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom) The Parachute Regiment, colloquially known as the Paras, is an airborne infantry regiment of the British Army. One battalion is permanently under the command of the Director Special Forces in the Special Forces Support Group. The other battalions are the parachute infantry component of the British Army's rapid response formation, 16 Air Assault Brigade.

negative: Ranville War Cemetery The Ranville War Cemetery is a Second World War cemetery containing predominantly British soldiers killed during the early stages of the Battle of Normandy. It is located in and named after Ranville in the Calvados department, east of Caen in lower Normandy. A large proportion of those interred were members of the British 6th Airborne Division.

negative: Rape during the liberation of France Rape during the liberation of France is documented both during and after the advance of United States forces across France against Nazi Germany in later stages of World War II.

negative: Royal Norfolk Regiment The Royal Norfolk Regiment, originally formed as the Norfolk Regiment, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army. The Norfolk Regiment was created on 1 July 1881, as part of the Childers Reforms, as the county regiment of Norfolk. It was formed from the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot and covered the local militia and rifle volunteers.The Norfolk Regiment fought in the Great War on the Western Front and in the Middle East.

negative: Résistance Joué-du-Plain and the Assassination of Emile Buffon The French Résistance of Joué-du-Plain, and the assassination of Emile Buffon.The events concerns two tenants of Chateau de la Motte during World War II in Lower Normandy, France. The first was the mayor of the commune of Joue du Plain, Emile Buffon, who owned an animal brokering business, and rented the Chateau’s attached farm.

negative: Second World War at Sea series Second World War at Sea is a game series produced by Avalanche Press covering naval combat during World War II.  The series is based on Avalanche Press' Great War at Sea.  The two series share many features although they are separate both from a rules standpoint and a scale standpoint (see SOPAC below).

negative: Stanisław Maczek General Stanisław Maczek ([staˈɲiswav ˈmat͡ʂɛk]; 31 March 1892 – 11 December 1994) was a Polish tank commander of World War II, whose division was instrumental in the Allied liberation of France, closing the Falaise pocket, resulting in the destruction of 14 German Wehrmacht and SS divisions.

negative: The Bayeux speeches The Bayeux speeches are two speeches delivered by General Charles de Gaulle of France in the context of liberation after the Normandy landings in June 1944 and in the immediate postwar period in June 1946.They were spoken in a public square in Bayeux (formerly Place du Château, since 1946 Place de Gaulle).

negative: The Second World War (book series) The Second World War is a history of the period from the end of the First World War to July 1945, written by Winston Churchill. It was largely responsible for his being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.

negative: Violette Szabo Violette Reine Elizabeth Szabo, GC (née Bushell; 26 June 1921 – c. 5 February 1945) was a French-born English Special Operations Executive agent during the Second World War, and a posthumous recipient of the George Cross. On her second mission into occupied France, Szabo was captured by the German Army, interrogated and tortured, and deported to Germany where she was eventually executed at Ravensbrück concentration camp.

negative: World War II World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries.

negative: Écouché in the Second World War World War II for Écouché culminated with several days of street fighting by Free French forces under General Philippe Leclerc.  This engagement was part of the encirclement of the remaining German army in the final engagement of the Battle of Normandy. This final carnage of the German army was later called the Falaise Pocket, the Argentan-Falaise Pocket or Couloir de la Mort (Hall of Death) as the local French named it.


query: concord steel

positive: Shougang Concord International Shougang Concord International Enterprises Company Limited (SEHK: 697) is the subsidiary of Beijing-based state-owned Shougang Group  engaging in seven businesses: steel manufacturing, steel trading, shipping segment, electric generation, property investment and management and other corporate businesses.

negative: 2008/2009 World Tour (Judas Priest) 2008/2009 World Tour was a concert tour by English heavy metal band Judas Priest in support of the group's 16th studio album, Nostradamus, which was released in June 2008.The tour began in June 2008 with a European leg, starting in Helsinki and wrapping up mid-July in Istanbul, Turkey. The jaunt included appearances at festivals such as Download, Graspop Metal Meeting, and Roskilde.The group kicked off a North American leg in July, beginning in Seattle, Washington.

negative: 2015–16 Navy Midshipmen men's basketball team The 2015–16 Navy Midshipmen men's basketball team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Midshipmen, led by fifth year head coach Ed DeChellis, played their home games at Alumni Hall and are members of the Patriot League.

negative: Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington  and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. They were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge, near Boston.

negative: Book of Concord The Book of Concord or Concordia (1580) is the historic doctrinal standard of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. They are also known as the symbolical books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.The Book of Concord was published in German on June 25, 1580 in Dresden, the fiftieth anniversary of the presentation of the Augsburg Confession to Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg.

negative: Carolina Force The Carolina Force is a team of American Indoor Football set to begin play in 2012.  Based in Concord, North Carolina, the Force will play its home games at the Cabarrus Arena & Events Center.The Force is the second arena/indoor football team to be based in Concord, following the Carolina Speed which played at the Cabarrus Arena in 2007 and 2008 before moving to Charlotte and the Bojangles' Coliseum the following year.The Force name is derived from a previous AIFA team, the South Carolina Force.

negative: Charlotte metropolitan area The Charlotte metropolitan area (also Metrolina, Charlotte Metro, or Charlotte USA) is a metropolitan area/region of North and South Carolina within and surrounding the city of Charlotte. Located in the Piedmont of the Southeastern United States, the Charlotte metropolitan area is well known for its auto racing history (especially NASCAR).

negative: Concord, California Concord (/ˈkɒŋkərd/ KONG-kərd; formerly Todos Santos) is the largest city in Contra Costa County, California. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 122,067 making it the 8th largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area.. Founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco, the name was changed to Concord within months. The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area, and is 29 miles (47 km) east of San Francisco.

negative: Concord, Massachusetts Concord (/ˈkaŋ.kəɹd/ not /ˈkɒn.kɔɹd/)is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. At the 2010 census, the town population was 17,668. The United States Census Bureau considers Concord part of Greater Boston.

negative: Concord, New Hampshire Concord /ˈkɒŋ.kərd/ is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Hampshire and the county seat of Merrimack County. As of the 2010 census, its population was 42,695.Concord includes the villages of Penacook, East Concord and West Concord. The city is home to the University of New Hampshire School of Law, New Hampshire's only law school; St. Paul's School, a private preparatory school; New Hampshire Technical Institute, a two-year community college; and the Granite State Symphony Orchestra.

negative: Concord, New South Wales Concord is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Canada Bay.Concord is known as the 'Parklands Suburb' of the Inner West. Concord West is a separate suburb, to the north-west.

negative: Concord, North Carolina Concord (kon-kord) is a city in Cabarrus county, in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 79,066, with an estimated population in 2013 of 83,506. It is the largest city in Cabarrus County and is the county seat. In terms of population, the city of Concord is the second largest city in the Charlotte Metropolitan Area and is the twelfth largest city in North Carolina.The city was a winner of the All-America City Award in 2004.

negative: Concord, Ontario Concord is a suburban industrial neighbourhood in the City of Vaughan in York Region, located north of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. According to the 2001 Census, the neighbourhood has 8,255 residents (including the community of Carrville).It is accessed by two provincial highways: Highway 407 and Highway 400.

negative: Concord, Pennsylvania Concord is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on Pennsylvania Route 75 9.6 miles (15.4 km) south-southwest of East Waterford. Concord has a post office with ZIP code 17217.

negative: Concord, Tennessee Concord is an unincorporated community in Knox County, Tennessee, United States and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, the Concord Village Historic District. The United States Geographic Names Information System classifies Concord as a populated place. It is located in western Knox County, east of Farragut and west of Knoxville. Mail destined for Concord is now addressed to Knoxville or Farragut.

negative: Concord-Carlisle High School Concord-Carlisle Regional High Schoolis a public high school located in Concord, Massachusetts, USA, 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Boston. The school serves grades 9–12, and as part of the Concord-Carlisle Regional School District, has students from both Concord and Carlisle, Massachusetts. The school also has a notable portion of minority students from Boston (particularly Dorchester, Roxbury, and Mattapan) enrolled as part of the METCO program.

negative: Concord (BART station) Concord is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station that serves Concord, California. The station consists of an elevated island platform.The Concord station operated as a terminal station from the time when BART opened until 1995 when the line was extended to North Concord/Martinez. Pittsburg/Bay Point is now the terminal.Service at this station began on May 21, 1973.This station is in BART District 1 and is represented by Gail Murray who is also current BART President.

negative: Concord (MBTA station) Concord Depot is a passenger rail station on the MBTA Commuter Rail Fitchburg Line, located at 90 Thoreau Street in downtown Concord, Massachusetts. As well as providing commuter service to Boston, the station offers tourists access to the various popular historic sites in Concord. It has two side platforms, which are low-level and not handicapped accessible, serving the line's two tracks.

negative: Concord (company) Concord Camera Corp. (NASDAQ: LENS) was a camera manufacturer based in the United States. It produced primarily Affordable Cameras for consumer use under many brands. The majority of Concord products were produced in China

negative: Concord (grape) The Concord grape is a cultivar derived from the grape species Vitis labrusca (also called fox grape) that are used as table grapes, wine grapes and juice grapes. They are often used to make grape jelly, grape juice, grape pies, grape-flavored soft drinks, and candy. The grape is sometimes used to make wine, particularly kosher wine, though it is not generally favored for that purpose due to the strong "foxy" (sometimes described as candied-strawberry/musky) flavor.

negative: Concord Airport Concord Airport may refer to: Concord Municipal Airport in Concord, New Hampshire, United States (FAA/IATA: CON) Concord Regional Airport in Concord, North Carolina, United States (FAA: JQF, IATA:USA) Concord Airpark in Painesville, Ohio, United States (FAA: 2G1)\t\t\t\tOther airports in places named Concord: Buchanan Field Airport in Concord, California, United States (FAA/IATA: CCR)__DISAMBIG__

negative: Concord Community Schools (Michigan) Concord Community Schools is a public school district located in Concord, Michigan.

negative: Concord Dawn (album) Concord Dawn is the debut self-titled album by New Zealand drum and bass group Concord Dawn, released in 2000.

negative: Concord EFS, Inc. Concord EFS, Inc. was a major corporation that provided ATM, credit card, debit card, and payroll processing services.  On February 26, 2004 Concord merged with First Data.A Brief History of ConcordEFSConcord EFS, Inc., based in Memphis, Tennessee, provides a full range of electronic payment and deposit services, from authorizing and routing a fund transfer to settlement.

negative: Concord High School (California) Concord High School is located at 4200 Concord Blvd. in Concord, California, near El Dorado Middle School and Westwood Elementary. As of 2014, the current principal is Rianne Pfaltzgraff. The school educates nearly 1500 students, and it continues to grow. It is one of the six high schools in the Mount Diablo Unified School District.

negative: Concord High School (New Hampshire) Concord High School is a high school in Concord, New Hampshire in the United States.

negative: Concord High School (North Carolina) Concord High School is a comprehensive public high school in Concord, North Carolina.  First opened on September 3, 1895 (one session held in fall 1893), it is the oldest public high school in Cabarrus County and one of the oldest extant in North Carolina.  Concord High became a part of Cabarrus County Schools in 1983 when Concord City Schools merged with the county school system. Concord High School is also a half regular high school and half IB ( International Baccalaureate )

negative: Concord Hospital Concord Hospital may refer to:Concord Repatriation General Hospital in Sydney, AustraliaConcord Hospital (New Hampshire), in the United States__DISAMBIG__

negative: Concord Parish, Cumberland Concord Parish is one of the 57 parishes of Cumberland County, New South Wales, a cadastral unit for use on land titles. It is located to the south of the Parramatta River between Homebush Bay and Iron Cove; and to the north of Cooks River. It includes the suburbs of Burwood, Croydon, Concord, Canada Bay and Abbotsford.

negative: Concord Park Concord Park is a large park in the North of Sheffield, England, between Shiregreen and Wincobank.The park consists of Concord Park Golf Course, a country park and Woolley Woods, bordered by Ecclesfield Road.A historic cruck barn lies at the entrance to the park, the last remnant of the Mediaeval hamlet of Oaksfold.

negative: Concord Pavilion Concord Pavilion (formerly known as Sleep Train Pavilion and Chronicle Pavilion) is an amphitheatre located in Concord, California. It is owned by the City of Concord and operated by Live Nation.  The Pavilion has a capacity of 12,500 people and opened in 1975 as the Concord Pavilion.

negative: Concord Police Department The Concord Police Department is the police department for Concord, California the largest city in Contra Costa County in the San Francisco Bay Area.

negative: Concord Records Concord Records is an American record label, now based in Beverly Hills, California.

negative: Concord School District (New Hampshire) Concord School District is a public school district located in Concord, New Hampshire, U.S. The district serves about 5,400 students in seven schools.

negative: Concord Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania Concord Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 17,231 at the 2010 census. Concord is pronounced "conquered," not  "Concorde."

negative: Concord Township, Dodge County, Minnesota Concord Township is a township in Dodge County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 587 at the 2000 census.  The unincorporated community of Concord is located within Concord Township.  The city of West Concord is located within the township geographically but is a separate entity.Concord Township was organized in 1858. A large share of the early settlers of the area were from New England, New York, and Pennsylvania.

negative: Concord Township, Hardin County, Iowa Concord Township is a township in Hardin County, Iowa, USA.

negative: Concord Township, Lake County, Ohio Concord Township is one of the five townships of Lake County, Ohio, United States.  The 2000 census found 15,828 people in the township.

negative: Concord University Concord University is a comprehensive, public, liberal arts institution located in Athens, West Virginia, United States, founded on February 28, 1872, when the West Virginia Legislature passed "an Act to locate a Branch State Normal School, in Concord Church, in the County of Mercer".Founded by veterans of both the Union and the Confederacy, Concord is named for the ideal of "harmony and sweet fellowship".It is known for its picturesque campus which has been dubbed "The Campus Beautiful".

negative: Concord West, New South Wales Concord West is a suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Concord West is located 16 km west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Canada Bay. Concord is a separate suburb, to the east.Concord West is bordered on the west by Rhodes, Liberty Grove and Homebush Bay; to the south by North Strathfield and Homebush; and to the east by Concord, Breakfast Point, Cabarita and Mortlake.

negative: George Barnes (musician) George Warren Barnes (July 17, 1921 – September 5, 1977) was an American swing jazz guitarist, who is believed to have played the first electric guitar in 1931, preceding Charlie Christian by six years. George Barnes made the first commercial recording of an electric guitar on March 1, 1938, in sessions with Big Bill Broonzy.

negative: George William Burleigh George William Burleigh, Jr. (April 18, 1870 - March 15, 1940) was a director of the Lackawanna Steel Company and a Colonel in the New York National Guard who commanded the Ninth Coast Defense during World War I.

negative: HIMARS The M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) is a U.S. light multiple rocket launcher mounted on a standard Army Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV) truck frame.The HIMARS carries six rockets or one MGM-140 ATACMS missile on the U.S. Army's new Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) five-ton truck, and can launch the entire Multiple Launch Rocket System Family of Munitions (MFOM).

negative: Hot-dip galvanization Hot-dip galvanization is a form of galvanization. It is the process of coating iron and steel with a layer of zinc by immersing the metal in a bath of molten zinc at a temperature of around 840 °F (449 °C).

negative: Irwin B. Laughlin Irwin Boyle Laughlin (April 26, 1871 – April 18, 1941) was an American diplomat.  He served as Minister to Greece from 1924 to 1926 and Ambassador to Spain from 1929 to 1933.

negative: Justin Brown (wide receiver) Justin Brown (born March 10, 1991) is a wide receiver who is currently a free agent. Before his 2013 draft selection by the Pittsburgh Steelers, he played college football at Oklahoma for his senior season after transferring from Penn State.  After being drafted, Brown was on the Steelers practice squad for his rookie season. He played eight games during the 2014 season for a total of 12 passes for 94 yards and one lost fumble. Following the 2014 NFL season, Brown was waived by the Steelers.

negative: Keith Gary Keith Gary (born September 14, 1959) is a former American football defensive end. Gary was selected in the first round by the Pittsburgh Steelers out of the University of Oklahoma in the 1981 NFL Draft, but didn't sign and went to play two seasons with the Montreal Alouettes of the CFL. He then played six seasons with the Steelers. He may be known for making one of the most vicious facemasks in NFL history.

negative: Kokoda Track Memorial Walkway The Kokoda Track Memorial Walkway is a memorial walking track located in the suburb of Concord West, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located along the foreshore of shores of Brays Bay on the Parramatta River, and is a unique tribute to the Australian troops who fought in the World War II Papua-New Guinea campaign of July 1942 till January 1943.

negative: Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Concord The Massachusetts Correctional Institution at Concord (MCI-Concord) is a medium security prison for men located in Concord, Massachusetts in the United States.  Opened in 1878, it is the oldest running state prison for men in Massachusetts.  This prison is under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Department of Correction.

negative: National Register of Historic Places listings in Concord, Massachusetts This is a list of places on the National Register of Historic Places in Concord, Massachusetts.This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 25, 2015.

negative: National Steel and Shipbuilding Company National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, commonly referred to as NASSCO, is an American shipbuilding company with three shipyards located in San Diego, California and Falls Church, Virginia. It is a division of General Dynamics.  The San Diego shipyard specializes in constructing commercial cargo ships and auxiliary vessels for the US Navy and Military Sealift Command; it is the only new-construction shipyard on the West Coast of the United States.

negative: New West Guitar Group New West Guitar Group (NWGG) is a guitar trio formed in 2003. The three group members—Perry Smith of New York, NY, John Storie of Los Angeles, CA, and Jeffrey Stein of New York, NY—met while students at the University of Southern California’s Thornton School of Music, where they studied Studio/Jazz Guitar performance.

negative: Parker Corning Parker Corning (January 22, 1874 – May 24, 1943) was a United States Representative from New York. Born in Albany, he attended the public schools, The Albany Academy, and St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University in 1895, engaged in the manufacture of steel and woolens, and was also interested in banking.Corning was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-eighth and to the six succeeding Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1923 to January 3, 1937.

negative: Piano Sonata No. 2 (Ives) The Piano Sonata No. 2, Concord, Mass., 1840–60 (commonly known as the Concord Sonata) is a piano sonata by Charles Ives. It is one of the composer's best-known and most highly regarded pieces. A typical performance of the piece lasts around 45 minutes.

negative: Regina Belle Regina Belle (born July 17, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and actress who first started in the mid-1980s. She is notable for her Grammy award winning duet with Peabo Bryson, "A Whole New World" for the Disney's 1992 animated feature film Aladdin.

negative: Ring of Steel (film) Ring of Steel (1942) is an Army recruiting film narrated by Spencer Tracy. The film was produced at the Long Island studio of the Army Signal Corps by Warner Brothers for the U.S. Office for Emergency Management.The film uses stock footage with Tracy's voice-over narrating the story of America's military history from the perspective of the personification of the American soldier.

negative: Shougang Corporation Shougang (Chinese: 首钢, short for Shougang Group 首钢集团 or Shougang Company Limited 首钢总公司) is one of China's largest steel companies. Based in Beijing municipality, its operations have been moved out of the city prior to the Olympics due to concerns over pollution.Its subsidiary and listed company, Beijing Shougang Company Limited (SZSE: 000959), was established in 1999 and listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2005.

negative: Snakes & Arrows Tour Rush began the Snakes & Arrows Tour to promote the album Snakes & Arrows on June 13, 2007 in Atlanta, Georgia.  The 2007 tour came to a close on October 29, 2007 at Hartwall Arena in Helsinki, Finland. The 2008 portion of the tour started on April 11, 2008 in San Juan, Puerto Rico at José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum and ended on July 24, 2008 in Noblesville, Indiana at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre. The tour was Rush's most successful to date, grossing nearly $65 million.

negative: Sonya Eddy Sonya Eddy (born on June 17, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Epiphany Johnson in the ABC daytime soap opera General Hospital (2006–present). From 2007 to 2008 she also was a regular cast member on the prime-time spin-off, General Hospital: Night Shift.Eddy was born in Concord, California. She majored in Theatre and Dance at University of California, Davis and received her B.A. in 1992. Eddy is a licensed vocational nurse (LVN).

negative: Stagecoach A stagecoach is a type of covered wagon used to carry passengers and goods inside. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses, usually four-in-hand. Widely used before the introduction of railway transport, it made regular trips between stages or stations, which were places of rest provided for stagecoach travelers.

negative: Steel Chariots Steel Chariots is a 1997 TV movie about NASCAR that was produced for Walt Disney Television. It first aired on the Fox Network.

negative: Steeles Avenue Steeles Avenue is an east-west street that forms the northern city limit of Toronto and the southern limit of York Region, Ontario, Canada. It stretches across the western Greater Toronto Area from Milborough Townline in Halton Region east to the Scarborough-Pickering limit where it changes its name to Taunton Road. It runs for 38.75 km (24.08 mi) within Toronto, between Albion Road and the border with Pickering. It is named after J. C.

negative: Takoma Records Takoma Records was a small but influential record label founded by John Fahey in the late 1950s.  It was named after Fahey's hometown, the Washington, D.C. suburb of Takoma Park, Maryland.

negative: The Everybodyfields the everybodyfields were an independent folk/country band from Johnson City, Tennessee. The band was fronted by Sam Quinn and Jill Andrews who met when they were nineteen while both working at a summer camp. Most recently, they were joined by guitarist and keyboardist Josh Oliver, pedal steel player Tom Pryor, and drummer Jamie Cook.

negative: USNS Concord (T-AFS-5) USS Concord (AFS-5), was a Mars-class combat stores ship, in service with the United States Navy from 1968 to 1992. Concord became the first of five ships of its class to be transferred to Military Sealift Command. The transfer was completed in October 1992 and she was redesignated USNS Concord (T-AFS-5). Concord was stricken in August 2009 and sunk as a target in 2012.

negative: USS Concord (CL-10) USS Concord (CL-10) was an Omaha-class light cruiser, originally classified as a scout cruiser, of the United States Navy. She was the fourth Navy ship named for the town of Concord, Massachusetts, the site of the first battle of the American Revolution.Concord was launched on 15 December 1921 by William Cramp and Sons, Philadelphia; sponsored by Miss H. Butterick; and commissioned on 3 November 1923, Captain O. G. Murfin in command.

negative: USS Concord (PG-3) USS Concord (Gunboat No. 3/PG-3) was a member of the Yorktown class of steel-hulled, twin-screw gunboats in the United States Navy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was the second U.S. Navy ship named in honor of the town of Concord, Massachusetts, site of the Battle of Concord in the American Revolutionary War.The contract to build Concord was awarded to N. F. Palmer & Co. of Philadelphia in the 1888 fiscal year.

negative: USS Mount Hood (AE-29) USS Mount Hood (AE-29) was a Kilauea-class ammunition ship in the United States Navy. She was the second Navy munitions ship to be named after Mount Hood, a volcano in the Cascade Range in Oregon. Mount Hood was laid down 8 May 1967 by Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Sparrows Point, Maryland; launched 17 July 1968; sponsored by Mrs. Robert A. Frosch, wife of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development; and was commissioned on 1 May 1971.

negative: USS Pyro (AE-24) The second USS Pyro (AE–24), an ammunition ship, was laid down 21 October 1957 by Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard, Inc., Sparrows Point, Maryland; launched 5 November 1958; sponsored by Mrs. Stuart H. Ingersoll; and commissioned 24 July 1959 at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Norfolk, Va., Capt. Robert A. Patton in command.After fitting out at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Pyro moved from local operations at Norfolk to Earle, N.J.

negative: West Concord Depot West Concord Depot is a rail station on the MBTA Commuter Rail system in West Concord, Massachusetts.  The depot, which opened in 1894, is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

negative: William Manealoff William Manealoff (23 September 1893 – August 1986) was an American businessman.He was president of Concord Steel Corporation. His political work landed him on the master list of Nixon political opponents.

negative: Yorktown-class gunboat The Yorktown-class was a class of three steel-hulled, twin-screw gunboats built for the United States Navy beginning in 1887. All three ships of the class were named after cities near American Revolutionary War battles.The ships were just over 244 feet (74 m) long and 36 feet (11 m) abeam and displaced a little more than 1,700 long tons (1,730 t). They were equipped with two steam engines which were supplemented with three schooner-rigged masts.


query: Who developed Skype?

positive: Ahti Heinla Ahti Heinla (born 2 May 1972) is an Estonian programmer and entrepreneur. He is one of the developers of Skype.He was also an organizer of Let's Do It 2008, a civic action with 50,000 volunteers participating in cleaning up the countryside of Estonia in one day.He was a recipient of the 2008 Estonian Volunteer of the Year national award.He has been a member of the board at the nature protection NGO Estonian Fund for Nature since 2006.

positive: Janus Friis Janus Friis ([ˈjæːnus ˈfʁiːˀs]; born 26 June 1976 in Copenhagen)  is a Danish entrepreneur best known for co-founding the file-sharing application Kazaa, and the peer-to-peer telephony application Skype. In September 2005, he and his partner Niklas Zennström sold Skype to eBay for $2.6B.

positive: Kevin Bermeister Kevin Bermeister has developed several businesses in the computer, multimedia and Internet industries.He is a technology innovator, real estate investor, philanthropist, and the Founder, Chairman and CEO of Brilliant Digital Entertainment Inc. (BDE),. Bermeister is a founding investor in a number of successful technology and real estate ventures including Skype.In 1983, Bermeister established Ozisoft, one of the first interactive multimedia companies.

positive: Niklas Zennström Niklas Zennström (born 16 February 1966) is a Swedish entrepreneur best known for founding several high-profile online ventures with Janus Friis including Skype and Kazaa. More recently he founded the technology  investment firm Atomico and has become a significant figurehead for entrepreneurs in the tech sector. Zennström is also the co-founder of the charity organization Zennström Philanthropies.

positive: Priit Kasesalu Priit Kasesalu (born 10 April 1972) is an Estonian programmer and software developer best known for his participation in the development of Kazaa, Skype and, most recently, Joost. He currently works for Ambient Sound Investments and lives in Tallinn, Estonia.

positive: Skype Skype (/ˈskaɪp/) is a telecommunications application software product that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls from computers, tablets, and mobile devices via the Internet to other devices or telephones/smartphones. Users can also send instant messages, exchange files and images, send video messages, and create conference calls.

positive: Skype Technologies Skype Technologies S.A. (also known as Skype Software S.A., Skype Communications S.A., Skype Inc. and Skype Limited) is a Microsoft-owned telecommunications company headquartered in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. The software continues to be licensed by, and operated by, Skype Technologies.Skype,  a voice over IP (VoIP) service, was first released in 2003 as a way to make free computer-to-computer calls, or reduced-rate calls from a computer to telephones.

positive: Skype for Business Skype for Business (formerly Microsoft Office Communicator and Microsoft Lync) and Microsoft Lync for Mac are instant messaging clients used with Microsoft Lync Server or Lync Online available with Microsoft Office 365.

negative: 2000s in science and technology This page contains major developments and trends in Science and Technology for the 2000s.

negative: 2012 ICT Skype controversy The 2012 ICT Skype controversy was the leaking of Skype conversations and emails between Mohammed Nizamul Huq, head judge and chairman of Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal, and Ahmed Ziauddin, a Bangladeshi lawyer based in Brussels.

negative: 3 Skypephone The 3 Skypephone (also known as the 3 Skypephone S1) is a UMTS, GSM and VoIP mobile phone. The phone is a joint product by Hutchison 3G and Skype.The 3 Skypephone S1 was the first in the 3 Skypephone Series to launch . It was widely acknowledged for its difference from other mobile phones for introducing Skype as a native application and introducing Brew os to a European audience.

negative: 3 Skypephone S2 The 3 Skypephone S2 is a UMTS, GSM and VoIP mobile phone. The phone is the successor to 3 Skypephone and the second phone from the 3 Skypephone Series.

negative: 3 Skypephone Series The 3 Skypephone series was a range of 3G mobile phones made as a global project by the 3 network. The project was initiated by the 3's global handset team, some of whom later went on to found the new mobile phone company INQ. The phones were sold in Australia, Austria, Denmark, Italy, Ireland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Macau, but the service has now been discontinued. 3 offered 4000 free Skype outbound voice minutes with the phones.

negative: Actiance Actiance Inc  (formerly known as FaceTime Communications) is an American-based multinational corporation that develops the platforms required to enable the security, management and compliance of unified communications, Web 2.0 and social media channels.

negative: Alien Hominid Alien Hominid is an independently developed run and gun video game developed by The Behemoth. The game was developed from a Flash game originally released on Newgrounds in August 2002. O3 Entertainment released the game for PlayStation 2 and GameCube in North America in 2004, whilst ZOO Digital Publishing released the game in Europe for PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2005. A port for the Game Boy Advance, co-developed by Tuna Technologies, was also released in Europe in 2005.

negative: App Store (iOS) The App Store is a digital distribution platform for mobile apps on iOS, developed and maintained by Apple Inc. The service allows users to browse and download applications that are developed with Apple's iOS SDK.

negative: Army of Two: The 40th Day Army of Two: The 40th Day is a third-person shooter video game developed by EA Montreal and published by Electronic Arts for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The game was also released for PlayStation Portable, which was developed by Buzz Monkey. It is the sequel to Army of Two. Army of Two: The 40th Day was released on January 12, 2010 in North America, on January 14, 2010 in Australia, and on January 15, 2010 in Europe.The 40th Day focuses on two-player cooperative play and employs a cover system.

negative: Bee Movie Game Bee Movie Game is a video game based on the film Bee Movie produced by DreamWorks Animation SKG. The game was released on October 30, 2007. Beenox developed the Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, and Windows versions of the game, Smart Bomb Interactive developed the Wii version, and Vicarious Visions developed the Nintendo DS version.As Barry B. Benson, players take on an adventure to save the bees' production of honey through New York City.

negative: BioShock BioShock is a first-person shooter video game developed by 2K Boston (later Irrational Games), and published by 2K Games. The game was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360 platforms in August 2007; a PlayStation 3 port by Irrational, 2K Marin, 2K Australia and Digital Extremes was released in October 2008, and an OS X port by Feral Interactive in October 2009. A mobile version was developed by IG Fun.

negative: BioShock 2 BioShock 2 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 2K Marin for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The sequel to the 2007 video game BioShock, it was released worldwide on February 9, 2010. The OS X version of the game was released by Feral Interactive on March 30, 2012.The game is set in the fictional underwater dystopia of Rapture.

negative: Company of Heroes Online Company of Heroes Online was a free MMO real-time strategy computer game developed by Relic Entertainment and published by THQ. The open beta for the game started on 2 September 2010, and the game was cancelled on 31 March 2011. The game has no link with the original Company of Heroes series multi-player system and is a stand-alone game, unlike its predecessors. The game uses the same graphics engine as the retail release of Company of Heroes.

negative: Dance Dance Revolution Mario Mix Dance Dance Revolution Mario Mix, known as Dance Dance Revolution with Mario (ダンスダンスレボリューション ウィズ マリオ, Dansu Dansu Reboryūshon Uizu Mario) in Japan and Dancing Stage Mario Mix in Europe, is a 2005 music video game developed by Konami and published by Nintendo for the GameCube.

negative: De Blob de Blob, is a 2008 platform-puzzle video game that allows players to explore and liberate an alien city from the evil, monochromatic INKT Corporation that has taken over the city and outlawed all color and fun from daily life.

negative: Digium Digium, Inc. is a privately held communications technology company based in Huntsville, Alabama. Digium specializes in developing and manufacturing communications hardware and telephony software, most notably the open-source telephony platform Asterisk.

negative: Fallout Online Fallout Online was a massively multiplayer online game (MMO) set in the Fallout universe that was being developed by Masthead Studios and was to be published by Interplay, with members of the Interplay team providing creative control and design.

negative: Features of Skype Skype offers a number of features based around calling (both free and paid), messaging (including instant, voice and text messaging (SMS)), video chat, and file and screen sharing. The following is a partial list of Skype's features:

negative: FriendCaller FriendCaller /ˈfreɪndkaʊəlr/ is a Video and Voice over Internet protocol developed by C2Call GmbH based in Werl, Germany. Its proprietary Voice-Over-Internet technology was originally created by Michael Knecht and Martin Feuerhahn. It was a first prototype developed by Actai Networks GmbH in 2007; the technology was then transferred to C2Call GmbH in 2008. Later on, FriendCaller was launched in 2009 as a website and as an iOS (iPhone, iPad, iPod touch) app.

negative: GSM GSM  (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones, first deployed in Finland in July 1991.

negative: GroupMe GroupMe is a mobile group messaging app owned by Microsoft. It was launched in May 2010 by the private company GroupMe. In August 2011, GroupMe delivered over 100 million messages each month. By June 2012, that number had jumped to 550 million.

negative: HTC Wildfire S The HTC Wildfire S is a smartphone developed by the HTC Corporation. The model was announced on 15 February 2011 at the Mobile World Congress and released in Europe three months later. It is powered by a 600 MHz Qualcomm processor and runs the Android operating system, version 2.3.5. However, by rooting the user is able to install versions such as Android 4.0 and Android 4.1.

negative: INQ1 The INQ1 is the first product of the Hutchinson Whampoa subsidiary, INQ. The INQ1 was released in December 2008 as a social-networking phone. Retailing at a cheaper price than competitors such as the iPhone, Blackberry Storm, G1 and Nokia 5800, it also contains slightly fewer features than other 3G 'smartphones'. It is thus marketed as an entry-level phone for users wanting to access websites and web-base applications from their mobile.

negative: IPdrum IPdrum was a supplier of hardware and software to the market for mobile internet telephony also called VoIP to Mobile. The company's flagship product was the IP VoiceLink which is a Mobile Skype Solution.

negative: Innovative Communications Alliance The Innovative Communications Alliance (ICA) is a telecommunications alliance between Microsoft and Nortel, created in July 2006, to co-develop, integrate, market, sell, and support unified communications products. The goal of the alliance is to make integrated hardware and software solutions that join together voice, video, and data communications without requiring gateways or middleware. Microsoft and Nortel share developing technologies and patents for unified communications products.

negative: James Bond 007: Nightfire 007: Nightfire (also released as James Bond 007: Nightfire) is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond and a sequel to Agent Under Fire, published by Electronic Arts in 2002.007: NightFire was developed by Eurocom for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and Xbox video game consoles.

negative: Knoxville (video game) Project: Knoxville is an upcoming video game developed by Danish developer Press Play and published by Microsoft Studios exclusively for the Xbox One. The game puts emphasis on survival and lets players co-operate with each other to achieve success. The game adapts an open development and allows the community to give input regarding the game's development.

negative: Le Mans 24 Hours video games A number of video games have been made of Le Mans 24 Hours.

negative: Lenddo Lenddo is a startup company that allows the emerging middle class to use their online social connections to build their creditworthiness and access local financial services.  Its vision is "to help create an economically empowered and thriving middle class in developing countries around the world." Using computer algorithms, it caters to the unbanked at the bottom of the pyramid via techniques also used in microfinance. As of October 2013, Lenddo has over 350,000 members globally.

negative: List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions.

negative: Messenger Plus! Messenger Plus! (formerly known as Messenger Plus! Live, commonly abbreviated MsgPlus, Plus!, or incorrectly as MSN Plus) is an adware add-on for Windows Live Messenger and Skype. The software provides additional functionality to Microsoft's Instant messaging client, Windows Live Messenger, by adding its own controls to the main interface. These controls affect Messenger's behaviour and appearance, often through additional dialog boxes.

negative: Michael Jackson: The Experience Michael Jackson: The Experience (マイケル・ジャクソン: ザ・エクスペリエンス) is a music video game based on Michael Jackson's music and songs. It was licensed by Triumph International, developed by and published by Ubisoft, and was released on November 23, 2010 in North America, November 25, 2010 in Australia and November 26, 2010 in Europe for the Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable and Wii.

negative: Microsoft Microsoft Corporation /ˈmaɪkrɵsɒːft/ (commonly referred to as Microsoft) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.

negative: Microsoft Messenger service Messenger (formerly MSN Messenger Service, .NET Messenger Service and Windows Live Messenger Service) was an instant messaging and presence system developed by Microsoft in 1999 for use with its MSN Messenger software. It was used by instant messaging clients including Windows 8, Windows Live Messenger, Microsoft Messenger for Mac, Outlook.com and Xbox Live. Third-party clients also connected to the service.

negative: Microsoft Notification Protocol Microsoft Notification Protocol (MSNP, also known as the Mobile Status Notification Protocol) is an instant messaging protocol developed by Microsoft for use by the Microsoft Messenger service and the instant messaging clients that connect to it, such as Windows Live Messenger, its earlier incarnations MSN Messenger and Windows Messenger, and Microsoft Messenger for Mac. Third-party clients such as Pidgin and Trillian can also communicate using the protocol.

negative: Microsoft mobile services Microsoft Mobile Services are a set of proprietary mobile services created specifically for mobile devices, they are typically offered through mobile applications and mobile browser for Windows Phone, Android, iOS, BlackBerry, Nokia platforms, BREW, and Java ME. Microsoft's mobile services are typically connected with a Microsoft account and often come preinstalled on Microsoft's own mobile operating systems while they are offered via various means for other platforms.

negative: Neverwinter Nights: Darkness over Daggerford Darkness over Daggerford is an expansion pack for BioWare's Neverwinter Nights role-playing video game. It was released for digital distribution on August 16, 2006. Considered a user-made mod, the game was created by Canadian company Ossian Studios, headed by former BioWare employee Alan Miranda.Daggerford was based on earlier Dungeons & Dragons video games like Baldur's Gate and Icewind Dale.

negative: Nokia Mail and Nokia Chat Nokia Mail and Nokia Chat (earlier Nokia Email and Ovi Mail) were services developed by Microsoft Mobile and earlier by Nokia for its mobile phones. The service operated as a centralized, hosted service that acted as a proxy between the Messaging client and the user's e-mail server. The phone did not connect directly to the e-mail server, but instead sent e-mail credentials to Nokia's servers.

negative: OoVoo ooVoo is a  video chat and an instant messaging client developed by ooVoo LLC for Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, Mac OS X, Android, iOS and Facebook. It was released in 2007, and is similar in some respects to  Microsoft's Skype.

negative: OpenSky service Note that Gizmo5 is out of business.OpenSky is a service provided by Gizmo5 to enable communication between users of SIP (Internet standard RFC 3261) and users of Skype (which uses a proprietary protocol).Early solutions to communication between the two classes of user typically required installation of a gateway.OpenSky – the first freely available hosted SIP to Skype gateway service – commenced on 9 February 2009.In March 2009 Skype announced a beta of Skype For SIP, a comparable service for business users.On 30 July 2009 Digium, Inc.

negative: Puzzle Quest: Challenge of the Warlords Puzzle Quest: Challenge of the Warlords is a game developed by Australian company Infinite Interactive and published by D3 Publisher. The game combines role-playing with strategy and puzzle elements. It uses a competitive Bejeweled-style playfield to simulate combat and other activities common to role-playing games.The game was first published simultaneously for the Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable in early 2007, and several ports to other systems were subsequently announced.

negative: Rayman 2: The Great Escape Rayman 2: The Great Escape is a platform video game and the second installment in the Rayman series, developed by Ubisoft and first released on 29 October 1999. It is considered to have raised standards regarding 3D, level design and game play, being praised by numerous reviews.

negative: SILK SILK is an audio compression format and audio codec developed by Skype Limited. It was developed for use in Skype, as a replacement for the SVOPC codec. Since licensing out, it has also been used by others. It has been extended to the Internet standard Opus codec.

negative: SVOPC SVOPC (Sinusoidal Voice Over Packet Coder) is a compression method for audio which is used by VOIP applications. It is a lossy speech compression codec designed specifically towards communication channels suffering from packet loss. It uses more bandwidth than best bandwidth-optimised codecs, but it is packet loss resistant instead.Skype Limited developed a codec called 'SVOPC' for Skype. It was first used in Skype 3.2 beta 53, released on March 28, 2007.

negative: Sabere Developed in 2014, the Sabere (avaiable for computers and as an app for mobiles) is a public virtual learning environment that favors / facilitates interaction between students and teachers from different levels of education (primary or higher). The environment consists of chat rooms, one for each area of basic knowledge. The platform was developed initially so that students could ask questions with specialist teachers. By being public, any user can register, regardless of age.

negative: Skype Qik Skype Qik /ˈkwik/ is a video messaging service by Skype. It was created from the technology Skype Technologies acquired through the purchase of Qik. The service, offered for Android, iOS, and Windows Phone devices, allows users to exchange video messages between individuals or within a group.Previously, the Qik service offered a mobile-based live video-sharing website and two-way video conferencing application that allowed users to stream live video from their cell phones to the internet.

negative: Skype Translator Skype Translator is a speech to speech translation application developed by Skype, which has operated as a division of Microsoft since 2011. Skype Translator Preview has been publicly available since December 15, 2014.Skype Translator was built on developments in deep neural networks for speech recognition and Microsoft Translator’s statistical machine translation technology.

negative: Skype protocol The Skype protocol is a proprietary Internet telephony network based on peer-to-peer architecture, used by Skype. The protocol's specifications have not been made publicly available by Skype and official applications using the protocol are closed-source.The Skype network is not interoperable with most other Voice over IP (VoIP) networks without proper licensing from Skype.

negative: Skype security Skype is a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) system developed by Skype Technologies S.A. It is a peer-to-peer network in which voice calls pass over the Internet rather than through a special purpose network.

negative: Sonic Adventure Sonic Adventure (ソニックアドベンチャー, Sonikku Adobenchā) is a platform video game developed by Sonic Team. It was originally released for the Dreamcast as a launch title in 1998 in Japan, and in 1999 in western countries. It was the first game in the main Sonic the Hedgehog series since Sonic & Knuckles in 1994.After series villain Doctor Eggman releases an ancient monster, protagonist Sonic the Hedgehog vows to stop him collecting the Chaos Emeralds.

negative: Surface Hub The Surface Hub is a series of an upcoming interactive whiteboards developed and marketed by Microsoft. The devices are part of the Microsoft Surface family and were unveiled on January 21, 2015 at the Windows 10 Event in Redmond. It is available for businesses to order since July 1, 2015, however shipping for the device was delayed from September 1, 2015, to January 1, 2016.

negative: Symphony Communication Symphony is a secure, cloud-based, communication and content sharing platform. The platform began as an internal messaging system built by Goldman Sachs called Live Current.

negative: Tales of Monkey Island Tales of Monkey Island is a 2009 graphic adventure video game developed by Telltale Games and LucasArts. It is the fifth game in the Monkey Island series, released nearly a decade after the previous installment, Escape from Monkey Island. Developed for Windows and the Wii console, the game was released in five episodic segments, between July and December 2009.

negative: Telecommunications in Estonia The National Telecommunications act in the second period of Estonian independence granted a Monopoly on international and local fixed line telephony to Estonian Telecom (Eesti Telecom).  In the process of privatization, a concession was granted to liberalize mobile, CATV and packet-switched telecommunications.  This concession was critical for developing a competitive market.  Three licensed mobile operators encouraged one of the highest rates of mobile telephony penetration.

negative: Tetris Worlds Tetris Worlds is a version of the popular video game Tetris. Originally released in 2001 for PC and the GBA, it later was released for the Xbox, GameCube, and PlayStation 2 in 2002. In 2003, an Xbox Live capable and a single-disc compilation versions (which included this game and Star Wars: The Clone Wars) was released for the Xbox.

negative: The End of Energy Obesity The End of Energy Obesity: Breaking Today's Energy Addiction for a Prosperous and Secure Tomorrow by Calgary-based energy economist Peter Tertzakian outlines the unsustainable nature of current global energy demand growth and identifies potential solutions, many of which come unexpectedly from outside of the energy sector.

negative: The Legend of Spyro: A New Beginning The Legend of Spyro: A New Beginning is the first game in The Legend of Spyro trilogy, a reboot of the Spyro the Dragon series. It was developed by Krome Studios and published by Sierra Entertainment for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube and Game Boy Advance. Amaze Entertainment developed the Nintendo DS version.The game utilizes the voices of celebrities, featuring Elijah Wood as the voice of Spyro, comedian David Spade as Sparx, Cree Summer as Cynder and Gary Oldman as Ignitus.

negative: The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon is the third and final installment in The Legend of Spyro trilogy, as well as the tenth anniversary game of the series. It was developed by Étranges Libellules and published by Activision in North America and Sierra Entertainment in International for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii and Xbox 360. Tantalus Media developed the Nintendo DS version.

negative: Thrustmaster Thrustmaster, is an American designer, developer and manufacturer of joysticks, game controllers, and steering wheels for PCs and video gaming consoles alike. It has many licensing agreements with third party, prestigious brands such as Ferrari, TOP GUN, Beretta, Splinter Cell, and the U.S. Air Force as well as licensing some products under Xbox license.

negative: Tigase Tigase is an open source (AGPL3) project started by Artur Hefczyc in October 2004 to develop an XMPP server implementation in Java.Initially the goal was to develop a fully compliant XMPP server with backward compatibility with an informal XMPP specification.

negative: Timbuktu (software) Timbuktu is a remote control software product developed by WOS Datasystems. Remote control software allows a user to control another computer across the local network or the Internet, viewing its screen and using its keyboard and mouse as if he or she were sitting in front of it.

negative: Tony Bates Anthony J. "Tony" Bates (born 29 April 1967) is the president of GoPro, and former  executive vice president of Microsoft responsible for business development, strategy and evangelism. A university drop out and self-taught programmer, Bates has more than 25 years of leadership experience in the communications and Internet industries.

negative: Travian Travian is a persistent, browser-based, massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by the German software company Travian Games. It was originally written and released in June 2004 by Gerhard Müller. Set in classical antiquity, Travian is a predominantly militaristic real-time strategy game.Travian has been translated into over 40 languages from the original German version, and has over 5 million players on over 300 game servers worldwide.

negative: Windows Live Messenger Windows Live Messenger (formerly MSN Messenger) is a discontinued instant messaging client developed by Microsoft for Windows, Xbox 360, Blackberry OS, iOS, Java ME, S60 on Symbian OS 9.x, and Zune HD. It connected to the Microsoft Messenger service while also having compatibility with Yahoo! Messenger and Facebook Messenger.

negative: Windows Phone Windows Phone (WP) is a family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune. Windows Phone features a new user interface derived from Metro design language. Unlike Windows Mobile, it is primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market. It was first launched in October 2010 with Windows Phone 7.