query: famous historical battlefields opponents fought

positive: Battle of Ancrum Moor The Battle of Ancrum Moor was fought during the War of the Rough Wooing in 1545. The Scottish victory put a temporary end to English depredations in the Scottish border and lowlands. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.

positive: Battle of Bothwell Bridge The Battle of Bothwell Bridge, or Bothwell Brig, took place on 22 June 1679. It was fought between government troops and militant Presbyterian Covenanters, and signalled the end of their brief rebellion. The battle took place at the bridge over the River Clyde in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire near Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland.

positive: Battle of Braddock Down The Battle of Braddock Down was a battle of the south-western campaign of the First English Civil War. It was fought on open ground in Cornwall, on 19 January 1643. An apparently easy victory for the Royalists under Sir Ralph Hopton secured Cornwall for King Charles and confirmed Hopton's reputation as a commander. Hopton also gained respect for the mercy shown to his foe, of whom 1,500 were captured during and after the battle.

positive: Battle of Cabin Creek Two American Civil War military engagements were fought at the Cabin Creek Battlefield in the Cherokee Nation within Indian Territory.  The location was where the Texas Road crossed Cabin Creek, near the present-day town of Big Cabin, Oklahoma. Both the First and Second Battles of Cabin Creek were launched by the Confederate Army to disrupt Union Army supply trains.The first was a raid by a Confederate Army detachment on a Union Army supply train bound for Fort Gibson in July, 1863.

positive: Battle of Cedar Creek The Battle of Cedar Creek, or Battle of Belle Grove, fought October 19, 1864, was the culminating battle of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early launched a surprise attack against the encamped army of Union Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, across Cedar Creek, northeast of Strasburg, Virginia. During the morning fighting, seven Union infantry divisions were forced to fall back and lost numerous prisoners and cannons.

positive: Battle of Flodden The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field or occasionally Battle of Branxton (Brainston Moor) was a conflict between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland. The battle was fought in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by the Earl of Surrey. It was a decisive English victory. In terms of troop numbers, it was the largest battle fought between the two Kingdoms.

positive: Battle of Frenchtown The Battle of Frenchtown, also known as the Battle of the River Raisin or the River Raisin Massacre, was a series of conflicts that took place from January 18–23, 1813 during the War of 1812. It was fought between the United States and a British and Native American alliance near the River Raisin in Frenchtown, Michigan Territory (present-day Monroe, Michigan).

positive: Battle of Harlaw The Battle of Harlaw (Scottish Gaelic: Cath Gairbheach) was a Scottish clan battle fought on 24 July 1411 just north of Inverurie in Aberdeenshire. It was one of a series of battles fought during the Middle Ages between the barons of northeast Scotland against those from the west coast.The battle was fought to resolve competing claims to the Earldom of Ross, a large region of northern Scotland.

positive: Battle of Killiecrankie The Battle of Killiecrankie  (Gaelic: Cath Raon Ruairidh) was fought between Highland Scottish clans supporting King James II and VII and troops supporting King William of Orange on 27 July 1689, during the first Jacobite uprising. Although it was a stunning victory for the Jacobites, it had little overall effect on the outcome of the war and left their leader dead.

positive: Battle of Kumegawa The Battle of Kumegawa (久米川の戦い, Kumegawa no tatakai) was part of the decisive Kōzuke-Musashi Campaign during the Genkō War in Japan that ultimately ended the Kamakura Shogunate.  Fought in present day Higashimurayama at the foot of the Hachikokuyama ridge on May 12, 1333, it pitted the anti-shogunate imperial forces led by Nitta Yoshisada against the forces of the Hōjō Shogun.  The battle was an immediate follow on from the previous day's nearby Battle of Kotesashi.

positive: Battle of Lake Erie The Battle of Lake Erie, sometimes called the Battle of Put-in-Bay, was fought on 10 September 1813, in Lake Erie off the coast of Ohio during the War of 1812. Nine vessels of the United States Navy defeated and captured six vessels of British Royal Navy. This ensured American control of the lake for the rest of the war, which in turn allowed the Americans to recover Detroit and win the Battle of the Thames to break the Indian confederation of Tecumseh.

positive: Battle of Linlithgow Bridge The Battle of Linlithgow Bridge is a battle that took place on 4 September 1526 in the village of Linlithgow Bridge, outside the Scottish town of Linlithgow. It was fought between a force of 10,000 men led by the Earl of Lennox and a force of 2,500 led by James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran. The battle was part of a power struggle in Scotland for control of the young Scottish king, James V.

positive: Battle of Maldon The Battle of Maldon took place three weeks before Whitsun on 10 (possibly 11) August 991 AD near Maldon beside the River Blackwater in Essex, England, during the reign of Aethelred the Unready.  Earl Byrhtnoth and his thegns led the English against a Viking invasion.  The battle ended in an Anglo-Saxon defeat.  After the battle Archbishop Sigeric of Canterbury and the aldermen of the south-western provinces advised King Aethelred to buy off the Vikings rather than continue the armed struggle.

positive: Battle of Mill Springs The Battle of Mill Springs, also known as the Battle of Fishing Creek in Confederate terminology, and the Battle of Logan's Cross Roads in Union terminology, was fought in Wayne and Pulaski counties, near current Nancy, Kentucky, on January 19, 1862, as part of the American Civil War. The Union victory concluded an early Confederate offensive campaign in eastern Kentucky. In late 1861, Confederate Brig. Gen.

positive: Battle of Olustee The Battle of Olustee or Battle of Ocean Pond was fought in Baker County, Florida on February 20, 1864, during the American Civil War. It was the largest battle fought in Florida during the war.

positive: Battle of Perryville The Battle of Perryville, also known as the Battle of Chaplin Hills, was fought on October 8, 1862, in the Chaplin Hills west of Perryville, Kentucky, as the culmination of the Confederate Heartland Offensive (Kentucky Campaign) during the American Civil War. Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's Army of Mississippi won a tactical victory against primarily a single corps of Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell's Union Army of the Ohio.

positive: Battle of Philiphaugh The Battle of Philiphaugh was fought on 13 September 1645 during the Civil War near Selkirk in the Scottish Borders. The Royalist army of the Marquis of Montrose was destroyed by the Covenanter army of Sir David Leslie, restoring the power of the Committee of Estates.

positive: Battle of Pickett's Mill The Battle of Pickett's Mill was fought on May 27, 1864, in Paulding County, Georgia, during the American Civil War between Union and Confederate forces. Union Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman attempted an attack on the right flank of Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston.  After the Union defeat at New Hope Church, Sherman ordered Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard to attack Johnston's seemingly exposed right flank.

positive: Battle of Prestonpans The Battle of Prestonpans was the first significant conflict in the Jacobite Rising of 1745. The battle took place at 4 am on 21 September 1745. The Jacobite army loyal to James Francis Edward Stuart and led by his son Charles Edward Stuart defeated the government army loyal to the Hanoverian George II led by Sir John Cope. The inexperienced government troops were outflanked and broke in the face of a highland charge.

positive: Battle of Red Cliffs The Battle of Red Cliffs, otherwise known as the Battle of Chibi, was a decisive battle fought at the end of the Han dynasty, about 12 years prior to the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history. It was fought in the winter of 208/9 CE between the allied forces of the southern warlords Liu Bei and Sun Quan and the numerically superior forces of the northern warlord Cao Cao.

positive: Battle of Shrewsbury The Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on 21 July 1403, waged between an army led by the Lancastrian King, Henry IV, and a rebel army led by Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland.

positive: Battle of Tebbs Bend The Battle of Tebbs' Bend (or Tebbs Bend or Green River) was fought on July 4, 1863, near the Green River in Taylor County, Kentucky during Morgan's Raid in the American Civil War.  Despite being badly outnumbered, elements of the Union army thwarted repeated attacks by Confederate Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan's dismounted cavalry.

positive: Battle of Tippecanoe The Battle of Tippecanoe (/ˌtɪpikəˈnuː/ TIP-ee-kə-NOO) was fought on November 7, 1811, near present-day Lafayette, Indiana between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and Native American warriors associated with the Shawnee leader Tecumseh. Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (commonly known as "The Prophet") were leaders of a confederacy of Native Americans from various tribes that opposed US expansion into Native territory.

positive: Battle of Tours The Battle of Tours (October 732), also called the Battle of Poitiers and in Arabic: معركة بلاط الشهداء (ma'arakat Balâṭ ash-Shuhadâ – Battle of the Palace of Martyrs) was fought in an area between the cities of Poitiers and Tours, in north-central France, near the village of Moussais-la-Bataille, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Poitiers. The location of the battle was close to the border between the Frankish realm and then-independent Aquitaine.

positive: Battle of Towton The Battle of Towton was fought during the English Wars of the Roses on 29 March 1461, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire.

positive: Battle of White Bird Canyon The Battle of White Bird Canyon was fought on June 17, 1877 in Idaho Territory. White Bird Canyon was the opening battle of the Nez Perce War between the Nez Perce Indians and the United States.   The battle was a significant defeat of the U.S. Army. It took place in the western part of present-day Idaho County, southwest of the city of Grangeville.

positive: Battle of the Rosebud The Battle of the Rosebud (also known as the Battle of Rosebud Creek) occurred June 17, 1876, in the Montana Territory between the United States Army and its Crow and Shoshoni allies against a force consisting mostly of Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne Indians during the Great Sioux War of 1876. The Cheyenne called it the Battle Where the Girl Saved Her Brother, because of an incident during the fight involving Buffalo Calf Road Woman.

positive: Battlefield Heritage Park Battlefield Heritage Park is a country park situated north of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, in the area known as Battlefield. It marks the supposed site of the 1403 Battle of Shrewsbury fought between King Henry IV and English rebel nobleman Henry Percy.

positive: Birch Coulee Battlefield Birch Coulee Battlefield in Renville County, Minnesota, United States, was the site of the Battle of Birch Coulee, the costliest military engagement for U.S. forces during the Dakota War of 1862.  It is now a historic site with self-guided trails and markers interpreting the battle from both sides. Birch Coulee was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places for having state-level significance in military history, and was listed in 1973.

positive: Bushy Run Battlefield Bushy Run Battlefield Park is a historical park that was operated by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, on 218 acres (0.88 km2), in Penn Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was the site of the Battle of Bushy Run fought on August 5–6, 1763 during the Pontiac's Rebellion. The battle was a major victory for the British and enabled them to secure their control of the Ohio River Valley and what was to become the Northwest Territory.

positive: Cane Hill Battlefield The Cane Hill Battlefield is a historic district encompassing the battlefield of the Battle of Cane Hill, fought during the American Civil War on November 28, 1862, in and around the site of present-day Cane Hill, Arkansas.  Because the battle was a running battle that extended over many hours and 12 miles (19 km) of roads, the battlefield is more than 5,700 acres (2,300 ha) in size, extending in all directions around Cane Hill.

positive: Cleveland Civil War Roundtable The Cleveland Civil War Roundtable is a nonprofit historical society and social group dedicated to the study and discussion of the American Civil War (1861–1865).The men and women of the Cleveland Civil War Roundtable reflect the ethnic, racial and religious diversity of Greater Cleveland.  Its approximately one hundred and twenty members range in age from 17 to 94 years old, at every level of interest and historical expertise.

positive: Cool Spring Battlefield Cool Spring Battlefield is a historic American Civil War battlefield and national historic district located near Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. It encompasses 17 contributing buildings, 26 contributing sites, and 11 contributing structures. The district includes the terrain and hydrography over which the Battle of Cool Spring, July 16–20, 1864, was fought and which served to shape the tactical progress of the engagement in time and space.

positive: Fort Wagner Fort Wagner (also called Battery Wagner) was a beachhead fortification  on Morris Island, South Carolina, that covered the southern approach to Charleston Harbor. It was the site of two American Civil War battles in the campaign known as Operations Against the Defenses of Charleston in 1863, and it is considered one of the toughest beachhead defenses constructed by the Confederate States Army.

positive: Gettysburg Battlefield The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.  Locations of military engagements extend from the 4-acre (1.6 ha) site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east.  A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, which was burned on June 27.

positive: Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Guilford Courthouse National Military Park, at 2332 New Garden Road in Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina, commemorates the Battle of Guilford Court House, fought on March 15, 1781.  This battle opened the campaign that led to American victory in the Revolutionary War.  The losses by the British in this battle contributed to their surrender at Yorktown seven months later. The battlefield is preserved as a National Military Park and operated by the National Park Service (NPS).

positive: Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland The Inventory of Historic Battlefields is a heritage register listing nationally significant battlefields in Scotland. The inventory was published for consultation in December 2010 by Historic Scotland, an agency of the Scottish Government.

positive: Legacy of the Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo left a substantial legacy and influence within American culture and is one of the few times in history that an event is told from the perspective of the vanquished.

positive: Manassas National Battlefield Park Manassas National Battlefield Park, located north of Manassas, in Prince William County, Virginia, preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles: the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30, 1862 (also known as the First Battle of Manassas and the Second Battle of Manassas, respectively).

positive: Mill Springs Battlefield The Mill Springs Battlefield was the location of the Battle of Mill Springs in January, 1862.  It was declared to be a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1993.Several separated areas related to the battle have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Confederate Mass Grave Monument in Somerset, Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer Monument, and the Mill Springs National Cemetery.  Alternative names for the areas include: WN-2;WN-24;WN-73;PU-131.

positive: Mine Creek Battlefield State Historic Site The Mine Creek Battlefield State Historic Site, located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) southwest of Pleasanton in eastern Kansas, United States, commemorates the Battle of Mine Creek in the American Civil War. On October 25, 1864, approximately 2,800 Union troops attacked and defeated about 8,000 Confederates along the banks of Mine Creek. It was one of the largest cavalry battles in the Civil War, and the only major battle fought in Kansas. The Union brigades were commanded by Colonels Frederick W.

positive: New Bern Battlefield Site New Bern Battlefield Site is a historic site of the American Civil War Battle of New Bern located near New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina.  The battle was fought on 14 March 1862. The New Bern Battlefield Site consists of two discontiguous sites.It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.The New Bern Historical Society owns about 27 acres of the battlefield site and protects it as New Bern Battlefield Park, which includes a visitor center and monument.

positive: New Market Battlefield State Historical Park New Market Battlefield State Historical Park is a historic American Civil War battlefield and national historic district located near New Market, Shenandoah County, Virginia. The district encompasses the site of the Battle of New Market, a battle fought on May 15, 1864, during Valley Campaigns of 1864.

positive: Newtown Battlefield State Park Newtown Battlefield State Park, formerly known as Newtown Battlefield Reservation, was the site of the Battle of Newtown fought in August 1779, during the American Revolutionary War.  It was the only major battle of the Sullivan Expedition, an armed offensive led by General John Sullivan that was ordered by the Continental Congress to end the threat of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War.

positive: Ox Hill Battlefield Park Ox Hill Battlefield Park is a site in Fairfax, Virginia, where the Battle of Ox Hill (Union name Battle of Chantilly) was fought during the American Civil War.  It was the only major battle of the war fought in Fairfax County.

positive: Petersburg Breakthrough Battlefield Petersburg Breakthrough Battlefield is a historic district in Petersburg, Virginia.  It was the location of the Union army breakthrough of the Petersburg to Richmond trenches and fortifications on April 2, 1865.  The success of the breakthrough led to abandonment of Richmond by the General Robert E.

positive: Registered Battlefields (UK) Battlefields are the final resting place for thousands of unknown soldiers, both nobles and commoners, whose lives were sacrificed in making of the history of their country. These historic assets are an intrinsic part of a nation’s identity and consciousness. They inspire strong emotions and live on in stories, poetry and music.

positive: River Raisin National Battlefield Park The River Raisin National Battlefield Park was established as the 393rd unit of the United States National Park Service under Title VII of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act, which was signed into law on March 30, 2009. The park is located in the city of Monroe in Monroe County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on February 18, 1956 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 1982.

positive: Sackets Harbor Battlefield State Historic Site Sackets Harbor Battlefield State Historic Site is a historically important location in Jefferson County, New York, USA.  The historic site is south of the Village of Sackets Harbor in the Town of Hounsfield. Two battles were fought near this location during the War of 1812.The site includes exhibits, a restored 1850s Navy Yard and Commandant's House, outdoor signs, and guided and self-guided tours.

positive: San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park honors the soldiers who fought in the 1846 Battle of San Pasqual, the bloodiest battle in California during the Mexican-American War.

positive: Sayler's Creek Battlefield Sayler's Creek Battlefield near Farmville, Virginia was the site of the Battle of Sayler's Creek of the American Civil War.  Robert E. Lee's army was retreating from the Richmond to Petersburg line. Here, on April 6, 1865, Union General Philip Sheridan cut off and beat back about a quarter of Lee's army. Eight Confederate generals surrendered, and 7,700 men were lost. This was the last major engagement of the war in Virginia; Lee's surrender at Appomattox occurred three days later.

positive: Tippecanoe Battlefield Park The Tippecanoe Battlefield Park preserves the location of the Battle of Tippecanoe fought on November 7, 1811.The 16-acre (6.5 ha) site of the battle was deeded to the State of Indiana by John Tipton, a veteran of the fight, on November 7, 1836, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the battle.

positive: Wilson's Creek National Battlefield Wilson's Creek National Battlefield at 6424 West Farm Road 182 near Republic, Missouri, preserves the site of the Battle of Wilson's Creek. Fought on August 10, 1861, it was the first major American Civil War engagement west of the Mississippi River. The Confederate's failure to exploit their victory here resulted in keeping Missouri in the Union. Major features include a 5-mile automobile tour loop, the restored 1852 Ray House, and "Bloody Hill," the scene of the major battle.

positive: Wounded Knee Massacre The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek (Lakota: Čhaŋkpé Ópi Wakpála) on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota. On the day before, a detachment of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment commanded by Major Samuel M.

negative: 98th Pennsylvania Infantry The 98th Pennsylvania Regiment was an infantry regiment during the American Civil War. Colonel John Ballier, who created it in place of his 21st Regiment, served as leader. Most of the soldiers were of German origin. One of the men, August Frank,of Company E, had a collateral descent from George Washington, through his brother Augustine. Many of the soldiers came from the Philadelphia area. The unit fought its first battle at Williamsburg.

negative: Ancient warfare Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of recorded history to the end of the ancient period. In Europe and the Near East, the end of antiquity is often equated with the Fall of Rome in 476, the wars of the Eastern Roman Empire on its Southwestern Asian and North African borders, and the beginnings of the Muslim conquests in the 7th century.

negative: Appomattox Court House National Historical Park The Appomattox Court House National Historical Park is a National Historical Park of original and reconstructed nineteenth century buildings in Virginia.  The village is famous as the site of the Battle of Appomattox Court House and containing the house of Wilmer McLean, where the surrender of the Confederate army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the American Civil War.

negative: Australian frontier wars The Australian frontier wars were a series of conflicts that were fought between Indigenous Australians and European settlers that spanned a total of 146 years. The first fighting took place several months after the landing of the First Fleet in 26 January 1788 and the last clashes occurred as late as 1934. The most common estimates of fatalities in the fighting are at least 20,000 Indigenous Australians and between 2,000 and 2,500 Europeans.

negative: Averasboro Battlefield and Museum The Averasboro Battlefield and Museum is dedicated to the Battle of Averasborough, a Civil War battle fought on March 16, 1865. The museum, founded in 1994 by the Averasboro Battlefield Commission, Inc, is located on the battlefield in Dunn, North Carolina.  The Battlefield attained National Register Historic District status in May 2001.  Also on the battlefield and considered to be part of the museum is the restored Chicora Civil War Cemetery.

negative: BBC History of World War II BBC History of World War II (1989-2005) is a 30-hour, 12-disc collection of 10 BBC television films about World War II. The films include documentaries, docudramas, and "dramatized documentaries" (inter-cutting of historical footage with dramatic recreations).

negative: Battle of Blue Licks The Battle of Blue Licks, fought on August 19, 1782, was one of the last battles of the American Revolutionary War. The battle occurred ten months after Lord Cornwallis's famous surrender at Yorktown, which had effectively ended the war in the east.

negative: Battle of Dunkeld The Battle of Dunkeld (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Dhùn Chaillinn) was fought between Jacobite clans supporting the deposed king James VII of Scotland and a government regiment of covenanters supporting William of Orange, King of Scotland, in the streets around Dunkeld Cathedral, Dunkeld, Scotland, on 21 August 1689 and formed part of the Jacobite rising commonly called Dundee's rising in Scotland.

negative: Battle of Inverurie (1308) The Battle of Inverurie, also known as the Battle of Barra, was fought in May 1308 in the north-east of Scotland.  Though part of the wider Wars of Scottish Independence it is more properly viewed as an episode in a brief but bitter civil war.  The battle was a victory for the Scottish King Robert Bruce over his chief domestic enemy, John Comyn, 3rd Earl of Buchan.

negative: Battle of Loudoun Hill The Battle of Loudoun Hill was fought in  May 1307 between a Scots force led by Robert Bruce and the English commanded by Aymer de Valence. It took place beneath Loudoun Hill, in Ayrshire, and ended in a victory for Bruce. It was Bruce's first major military victory. The battlefield is currently under research to be included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009.

negative: Battle of Pease River The Battle of Pease River occurred on December 18, 1860, near the town of Margaret, Texas in Foard County, Texas, United States. The town is located between Crowell and Vernon within sight of the Medicine Mounds just outside present-day Quanah, Texas. A monument on that spot marks the site of the famous battle between the Comanche Indians under Peta Nocona and a detachment of Texas Rangers and militia under Ranger Captain "Sul" Ross.

negative: Battle of Spion Kop The Battle of Spion Kop (Dutch:  Slag bij Spionkop; Afrikaans: Slag van Spioenkop) was fought about 38 km (24 mi) west-south-west of Ladysmith on the hilltop of Spioenkop(1) along the Tugela River, Natal in South Africa from 23–24 January 1900. It was fought between the South African Republic and the Orange Free State on the one hand and British forces during the Second Boer War during the campaign to relieve Ladysmith. It was a British defeat.

negative: Battle of the Big Hole The Battle of the Big Hole was fought in Montana, August 9–10, 1877, between the U.S. Army and the Nez Perce tribe of Native Americans during the Nez Perce War.  Both sides suffered heavy casualties.  The Nez Perce withdrew in good order from the battlefield and continued their long fighting retreat that would result in their attempt to reach Canada and asylum.

negative: Battlefield 1942 Battlefield 1942 (sometimes known as BF1942) is a 3D World War II first-person shooter video game developed by Swedish company Digital Illusions CE (DICE) and published by Electronic Arts for Microsoft Windows and OS X. The game can be played in single-player mode against the video game AI or in multiplayer mode against players on the Internet or in a Local Area Network.

negative: Battlefield House (Stoney Creek) Battlefield House near King Street East and Centennial Parkway in Stoney Creek, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada is a living history museum and site of the historic Battle of Stoney Creek on June 6, 1813, which was fought during the War of 1812. It was built in 1796. The house and 15.5 acres (6.3 ha) of parkland (Battlefield Park), were the property of the Women's Wentworth Historical Society, (1899-1962), and given by this society to the Niagara Parks Commission on January 19, 1962.

negative: Battlefield Mall Battlefield Mall, located in Springfield, Missouri, is 1.2 million square feet on one level (two in some anchor stores).  Battlefield mall is the largest shopping mall in the area.Overall, the mall comprises more than 150 tenants, including JCPenney, Macy's, Sears and two Dillard's locations as anchor stores.

negative: Battlefield Vietnam Battlefield Vietnam is a first-person shooter video game, the second in the Battlefield franchise after Battlefield 1942. The game was developed by the Swedish company Digital Illusions CE (DICE) and published by Electronic Arts. Battlefield Vietnam takes place during the Vietnam War. It features a large variety of maps based on historical settings, such as the Ho Chi Minh Trail, Battle of Hue, Ia Drang Valley, Operation Flaming Dart, The Battle of Khe Sanh and Fall of Saigon.

negative: Bertie Felstead Bertie Felstead (28 October 1894  – 22 July 2001) was a British soldier, World War I veteran and centenarian who gained fame at the end of his life as (or was believed so at the time to be) the last surviving soldier to have taken part in the Christmas truce of 1915.Felstead, who was born in London in October 1894, was called to action earlier in 1915 and went to the battlefields of France with the 15th (London Welsh) Battalion.

negative: Big Hole National Battlefield Big Hole National Battlefield preserves a Nez Perce War battlefield located in Montana, United States. The Nez Percé fought a delaying action against the 7th Infantry Regiment (United States) here on August 9 and 10, 1877, during their failed attempt to escape to Canada. This action, the Battle of the Big Hole, was the largest battle fought between the Nez Percé and U.S. Government forces in the five-month conflict known as the Nez Perce War.

negative: Brandywine Battlefield Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site is a historical park that was operated by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, on 50 acres (200,000 m2), near Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is part of the site of the Battle of Brandywine fought on September 11, 1777, during the American Revolution. The battle was a major victory for the British and enabled them to capture the city of Philadelphia.

negative: British Band The British Band was a mixed-nation group of Native Americans commanded by the Sauk leader Black Hawk, which fought against Illinois and Michigan Territory militias during the 1832 Black Hawk War. The band was composed of about 1,500 men, women, and children from the Sauk, Meskwaki, Fox, Kickapoo, Potawatomi, Ho-Chunk, and Ottawa nations; about 500 of that number were warriors. Black Hawk had an alliance with the British that dated from the War of 1812, giving them their colloquial name.

negative: Chief Joseph Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt, Hinmatóowyalahtq̓it in Americanist orthography, popularly known as Chief Joseph or Young Joseph (March 3, 1840 – September 21, 1904), succeeded his father Tuekakas (Chief Joseph the Elder) as the leader of the Wal-lam-wat-kain (Wallowa) band of Nez Perce, a Native American tribe indigenous to the Wallowa Valley in northeastern Oregon, in the interior Pacific Northwest region of the United States.He led his band during the most tumultuous period in their contemporary history when they were forcibly removed from their ancestral lands in the Wallowa Valley by the United States federal government and forced to move northeast, onto the significantly reduced reservation in Lapwai, Idaho Territory.

negative: Colonial National Historical Park Colonial National Historical Park is located in the Hampton Roads region of Virginia and is operated by the National Park Service of the United States government.

negative: Conventional warfare Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well-defined, and fight using weapons that primarily target the opponent's military.

negative: Daya River The Daya River starts as a branch of the Kuakhai River at Saradeipur (near Badahati) in Odisha state in India. It is joined by the Malaguni River below Golabai and flows through Khordha and Puri districts before emptying into the north-eastern corner of Chilika Lake, 37 kilometres (23 mi) from its origin.The historically important Dhauli hills are located on the banks of the Daya River, 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Bhubaneswar.

negative: Diaoyu Fortress The Diaoyu Fortress or Diaoyucheng (simplified Chinese: 钓鱼城; traditional Chinese: 釣魚城; pinyin: Diàoyúchéng) is one of the great ancient battlefields of China, located on the Diaoyu Mountain in Heyang Town, Hechuan District, Chongqing. It is famous for its resistance to the Mongol armies in the latter half of the Song Dynasty.

negative: Douglas D. Scott Douglas D. Scott is an American archaeologist most notable for his work at the Little Bighorn in the mid-1980s. Working with Richard Fox, Melissa Connor, Doug Harmon, and staff and volunteers from the National Park Service, Scott worked to sketch out a field methodology that has enabled archaeologists to systematically investigate battlefields.

negative: Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, or simply Gonzalo de Córdoba (1 September 1453 – 2 December 1515), Duke of Terranova and Santangelo, Andria, Montalto and Sessa, was a Spanish general who fought in the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars. He reorganized the emerging Spanish army and its tactics, and was regarded as the "father of trench warfare". He was also called "The Great Captain" (Spanish: El gran capitán).

negative: Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, often called simply Turenne (11 September 1611, Sedan, Ardennes – 27 July 1675) was the most illustrious member of the La Tour d'Auvergne family. He achieved military fame and became a Marshal of France. He was one of six marshals who have been made Marshal General of France.

negative: Highland charge The Highland charge was a battlefield shock tactic used by the clans of the Scottish Highlands which incorporated the use of firearms.

negative: Historical document Historical documents are documents that contain important information about a person, place, or event.Most famous historical documents are either laws, accounts of battles (often given by the victors or persons sharing their viewpoint), or the exploits of the powerful. Though these documents are of historical interest, they do not detail the daily lives of ordinary people, or the way society functioned.

negative: Infantry in the Middle Ages Despite the rise of knightly cavalry in the 11th century, infantry played an important role throughout the Middle Ages on both the battlefield and in sieges. From the 14th century onwards, there was a rise in the prominence of infantry forces, sometimes referred to as an "infantry revolution".

negative: John B. Bachelder John Badger Bachelder (September 29, 1825 – December 22, 1894) was a portrait and landscape painter, lithographer, and photographer, but best known as the preeminent 19th-century historian of the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. He was a dominant factor in the preservation and memorialization of the Gettysburg Battlefield in the latter part of the century.

negative: Kansas Historical Society The Kansas Historical Society is the official state historical society of Kansas.Headquartered in Topeka, it operates as "the trustee of the state" for the purpose of maintaining the state's history and operates the Kansas Museum of History, Kansas State Archives and Library, Kansas State Capitol Tour Center, and 16 state-owned sites.

negative: List of French military leaders The following is a list of famous French military leaders from the Gauls to modern France. The list is necessarily subjective and incomplete.

negative: List of Indiana state historical markers in Tippecanoe County This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Tippecanoe County.This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau.

negative: List of areas in the United States National Park System The National Park System of the United States is the collection of physical properties owned or administered by the National Park Service. This includes all areas designated national parks and most national monuments, as well as several other types of protected areas of the United States.As of 2015, there are 408 units of the National Park System. However, this number is somewhat misleading.

negative: List of battles fought in Kentucky This is an incomplete list of military confrontations that have occurred within the boundaries of the modern US State of Kentucky since European contact.

negative: List of the United States National Park System official units The Official Units of the National Park System of the United States is the collection of physical properties owned or administered by the National Park Service.As of 2015, there are 408 official units of the National Park System.  However, this number can be misleading. For example, Denali National Park and Preserve are counted as two units, since the same name applies to a national park and an adjacent national preserve.

negative: Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument preserves the site of the June 25 and 26, 1876, Battle of the Little Bighorn, near Crow Agency, Montana, in the United States. It also serves as a memorial to those who fought in the battle: George Armstrong Custer's 7th Cavalry and a combined Lakota-Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho force. Custer National Cemetery, on the battlefield, is part of the national monument.

negative: Macedonian phalanx The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II and used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire and other armies.  Phalanxes remained dominant on battlefields throughout the Hellenistic period, although wars had developed into more protracted operations generally involving sieges and naval combat as much as field battles, until they were finally displaced by the Roman legions.

negative: Malayan Races Liberation Army The Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), often mistranslated as the Malayan Races Liberation Army or MRLA, was a guerrilla army based in the Malayan peninsula and Singapore. It originally fought the Japanese during the second world war as the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA),  from 1948-1960 it fought British and Commonwealth forces for an independent Malaya.

negative: Marcus Claudius Marcellus Marcus Claudius Marcellus (/mɑrˈsɛləs/; c. 268 – 208 BC), five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic, was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the Second Punic War. Marcellus gained the most prestigious award a Roman general could earn, the spolia opima, for killing the Gallic military leader and king Viridomarus in hand-to-hand combat in 222 BC at the battle of Clastidium.

negative: Military of the Swedish Empire From 1611 to 1721, Sweden was a European great power, becoming a dominant faction in the quest for control of the Baltic Sea and a formidable military power. During this period, known as Stormaktstiden (Swedish: "The Great Power Era"), the Swedish Empire held a territory more than twice the size of its modern borders and one of the most successful military forces at the time, proving itself on numerous occasions on battlefields such as Wallhof, Narva and Düna.

negative: Minnesota Historical Society The Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS) is a private, nonprofit educational and cultural institution dedicated to preserving the history of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was founded by the territorial legislature in 1849, almost a decade before statehood. The Society is named in the Minnesota Constitution. It is headquartered in the Minnesota History Center in downtown St.

negative: Nam quốc sơn hà Nam quốc sơn hà (The Southern country) was a famous historical Vietnamese poem written in 1077 by General Lý Thường Kiệt, asserting the sovereignty of Viet Nam's rulers over its lands. This poem was first recited on the Nhu Nguyet river (site of an ancient Vietnamese riverine defense system) when Viet Nam fought against the invasion of a Chinese dynasty. Legend had it that this poem was spoken by God for a Viet victory 宋朝 over the Song invasion.

negative: National Military Park National Military Park, National Battlefield, National Battlefield Park, and National Battlefield Site are four designations for 25 battle sites preserved by the United States federal government because of their national importance.

negative: National Park Passport Stamps At nearly all of the 408 American National Park units (and many of the National Park Service's affiliated areas), one or more National Park Passport Stamps (cancellation stamps) can be acquired at no cost at park visitor centers and ranger stations. The stamps are similar in nature to passport stamps stamped in a traveler's national passport. The stamps serve as a record of each park visit. The Passport to Your National Parks program is run by Eastern National, a non-profit organization.

negative: New Haven Battlefield Site The New Haven Battlefield is the area of American Civil War engagement (military)s at the intersection of the Rolling Fork and the former Louisville and Nashville Railroad line between Knoxville and New Haven, Kentucky. The geographic area includes the James Howell Farm "\New Haven Battlefield Site" on the National Register of Historic Places) and additional combat areas of December 30, 1862.

negative: Nez Perce National Historical Park The Nez Perce National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park comprising 38 sites located throughout the states of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, which included traditional aboriginal lands of the Nez Perce people. The sites are strongly associated with the resistance of Chief Joseph and his band, who in June 1877 took off from Oregon in an attempt to reach freedom in Canada and avoid being forced on to a reservation.

negative: Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park near Brownsville, Texas is a National Park Service unit which preserves the grounds of the May 8, 1846, Battle of Palo Alto. It was the first major conflict in a border dispute that soon precipitated the Mexican-American War. The United States Army victory here made the invasion of Mexico possible.

negative: Pamplin Historical Park Pamplin Historical Park is a 424-acre private sector historical park located near Petersburg, Virginia.  The park preserves open space near Richmond, Virginia in Dinwiddie County, Virginia and serves the dual use of preserving a significant fragment of the Petersburg Breakthrough Battlefield, a National Historic Landmark and key components of the Third Battle of Petersburg.

negative: Pike and shot Pike and shot is a historical infantry combat formation, that is generally considered evolved in the period from the Italian Wars to the evolution of the bayonet in the late seventeenth century.  The infantry formations of the period were a mix of pike and early firearms "\shot"), either arquebusiers or musketeers.

negative: Sailor's Creek Battlefield Historical State Park Sailor's Creek Battlefield State Park is a 321-acre (130 ha) park in Virginia.  It includes a portion of the landmarked Sayler's Creek Battlefield, an area of 1,022 acres (414 ha) that was the site of the 1865 Battle of Sayler's Creek in the American Civil War.

negative: SilentHeroes SilentHeroes (SH) is a mod for the first-person shooter (FPS) Battlefield 1942, created by Hazem Salman and Johan Munkestam. The scenario of SH is set in 2007 in a war fought between Sweden and Norway. When the modification first was released on December 19, 2003, it acquired popularity by Scandinavian players. SH was widely played, but like the other Battlefield 1942 modifications, it lost some popularity when Battlefield 2 was released in the summer 2005.

negative: Tactical event A tactical event (Also known as a "Private Battle" in the United Kingdom and elsewhere) is a type of historical reenactment, not usually open to the public, which is fought like a real battle with each side devising strategies and tactics to defeat their opponent(s). Tactical events have no script, a basic set of agreed-upon rules (physical boundaries, time limit, victory conditions, etc.), and onsite judges or referees, and so could be considered a form of live action role-playing game.

negative: Yamada Shinryukan Yamada Shinryukan was a semi-famous swordsman following the Edo period of the 17th century of Japan. Shinryukan was a noted teacher of the kusarigama (Which consists of a kama with a long chain with a weight at one end attached to it.) who killed many rival swordsmen with his superb skills. Shinryukan was finally defeated when he fought against the semi-famous swordsman, Araki Mataemon. During their battle Mataemon lured Shinryukan into a bamboo grove.


query: sri lanka government gazette

positive: List of government gazettes This is an incomplete list of government gazettes.

positive: Ministry of Home Affairs (Sri Lanka) The Ministry of Home Affairs is the central government ministry of Sri Lanka responsible for public administration. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on home affairs and other subjects which come under its purview. The ministry manages the country's Byzantine administrative service including District Secretaries, Divisional Secretaries and Grama Niladhari (village officers).

positive: Northern Province, Sri Lanka The Northern Province (Tamil: வட மாகாணம் Vaṭakku Mākāṇam; Sinhalese: උතුරු පළාත Uturu Paḷāta) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Eastern Province to form the North Eastern Province.

positive: Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka) Sunday Observer is a weekly English-language newspaper in Sri Lanka, published on Sundays.

positive: The Sri Lanka Gazette The Sri Lanka Gazette, officially The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, (Sinhalese: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ ගැසට් පත්‍රය) is a public journal of the Government of Sri Lanka. It prints certain statutory notices from the government.

negative: 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka The 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka was a meeting of the Parliament of Sri Lanka, with the membership determined by the results of the 2010 parliamentary election held on 8 April and 20 April 2010. The parliament met for the first time on 22 April 2010 and was dissolved on 26 June 2015.

negative: 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka The 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka is the current Parliament of Sri Lanka, with the membership determined by the results of the 2015 parliamentary election held on 17 August 2015. The parliament met for the first time on 1 September 2015. According to the Constitution of Sri Lanka the maximum term of parliament is 5 years therefore the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka will meet for the first time no later than 1 September 2020.

negative: 1st Northern Provincial Council The 1st Northern Provincial Council is the current meeting of the Northern Provincial Council, with the membership determined by the results of the 2013 provincial council election held on 21 September 2013. The council met for the first time on 25 October 2013. According to the Constitution of Sri Lanka the maximum term of a provincial council is 5 years from the date of its first meeting.

negative: Alchemy Boulders Alchemy Boulders (Pvt.) Ltd, established in 1996, is the largest and leading quartz mining, processing and export company in Sri Lanka. The firm is in the operations of mining and mineral processing. Founded by the late Mr. Zuhuree Rauf, Alchemy is headquartered in Kandy, Sri Lanka (with branch offices in Singapore, South Korea and Japan).Sri Lanka is a rich source of quartz.

negative: Auditor General of Sri Lanka The role of the Auditor General of Sri Lanka is to aid accountability by conducting independent audits of government operations. The Auditor General is appointed by the President. These audits provide members of Parliament with objective information to help them examine the government's activities and hold it to account.

negative: Batticaloa District Batticaloa District (Tamil: மட்டக்களப்பு மாவட்டம் Maṭṭakkaḷappu Māvaṭṭam; Sinhalese: මඩකලපුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කය maḍakalapūva distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Batticaloa.

negative: Cabinet of Sri Lanka The Cabinet of Sri Lanka is the council of ministers that form the central government of Sri Lanka. It is responsible to and answerable to parliament.As of 4 September 2015 the cabinet had 44 members - president, prime minister and 42 ministers. There are also 13 state ministers and 23 deputy ministers who are not members of the cabinet (in addition one cabinet minister is a state minister and a deputy minister).

negative: Daily News (Sri Lanka) The Daily News is an English-language newspaper in Sri Lanka. It is now published by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (Lake House), a government-owned corporation. The newspaper commenced publishing on 3 January 1918. D. R. Wijewardena was its founder.The present-day newspaper is written as a broadsheet, with photographs printed both in color and black and white.

negative: Divisional Secretariats of Sri Lanka The districts of Sri Lanka are divided into administrative sub-units known as divisional secretariats. These were originally based on the feudal counties, the korales and ratas. They were formerly known as 'D.R.O. Divisions' after the 'Divisional Revenue Officer'. Later the D.R.O.s became 'Assistant Government Agents' and the Divisions were known as 'A.G.A. Divisions'. Currently, the Divisions are administered by a 'Divisional Secretary', and are known as 'D.S.

negative: Gampaha District Gampaha District (Sinhalese: ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය gampaha distrikkaya, Tamil: கம்பகா மாவட்டம் Kampakā Māvaṭṭam) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country.  The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Gampaha.

negative: Gazetted officer (Sri Lanka) A gazetted officer is a police officer in the Sri Lanka Police Service whose name is published in the The Sri Lanka Gazette. As such, they are similar to commissioned officers in the armed forces. The Officer in Charge of a police station is a junior gazetted officer as well as the head on an investigation team. It is common to find a separate mess, a gazetted officer's mess, at large police installations such as national, regional police HQs and the Police Field Force HQ.

negative: Government Agent (Sri Lanka) A Government Agent (GA) or a District Secretary is a Sri Lankan civil servant of the Sri Lanka Administrative Service appointed by the central government to govern a certain district of the country. The GA is the administrative head of public services in the District. As Sri Lanka has 25 districts, there are 25 governments agents at any given time. The post is one of the oldest in the civil service as it had been established by the British during the colonial era.

negative: Government Gazette (Greece) The Government Gazette (Greek: Εφημερίς της Κυβερνήσεως, Efimeris tis Kyverniseos) is the official journal of the Government of Greece which lists all laws passed in a set time period ratified by Cabinet and President. It was first issued in 1833. Until 1835, during the regency on behalf of King Otto, the gazette was bilingual in Greek and German.The issues of the gazette are usually indicated with ΦΕΚ, initials for Φύλλο Εφημερίδος της Κυβερνήσεως (Government Gazette Issue).

negative: Government Gazette of South Africa The Government Gazette (Afrikaans: Staatskoerant) is the gazette of record of South Africa. It is the "official organ of Government". The Government Gazette is used by the government as an official way of communicating to the general public.

negative: Government gazette A government gazette (official gazette, official journal, official newspaper or official diary) is a periodical publication that records the business and proceedings of a government and has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It is usually established by statute or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice.

negative: Government of Sri Lanka The government of Sri Lanka is  a semi-presidential system determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution.

negative: Hatton, Sri Lanka Hatton (Sinhalese: හැටන්, Tamil: ஹற்றன்) is a town in the Nuwara Eliya District of Central Province, Sri Lanka governed by the Hatton-Dickoya Urban Council.

negative: Hong Kong Government Gazette Hong Kong Government Gazette is the official publication of the Government of Hong Kong and publishes laws, ordinances and other regulations. It is managed under the Government Logistics Department (GLD).

negative: Impeachment of Shirani Bandaranayake Shirani Bandaranayake, the 43rd Chief Justice of Sri Lanka, was impeached by Parliament and then removed from office by President Mahinda Rajapaksa in January 2013. Bandaranayake was accused of a number of charges including financial impropriety and interfering in legal cases, all of which she has denied. The impeachment followed a series of rulings against the government by the Supreme Court, including one against a bill proposed by Minister Basil Rajapaksa, President Rajapaksa's brother.

negative: Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War The Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War was the deployment of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka intended to perform a peacekeeping role.

negative: Inspector General of Police (Sri Lanka) The Inspector General of Police (IGP) is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Police. He is the most senior police officer in Sri Lanka and oversees all police personnel throughout the country. The IGP reports to the Minister of Public Order, when the Police Service is under the Ministry of Public Order as it is currently. The current Inspector General of Police is N.K. Illangakoon, who succeeded Dr Mahinda Balasuriya.

negative: J. R. Jayewardene Junius Richard Jayewardene (Sinhalese: ජුනියස් රිචඩ් ජයවර්ධන,Tamil: ஜூனியஸ் ரிச்சட் ஜயவர்தனா; 17 September 1906 – 1 November 1996), famously abbreviated in Sri Lanka as JR, was the leader of Sri Lanka from 1977 to 1989, serving as Prime Minister from 1977 to 1978 and as 2nd President of Sri Lanka from 1978 till 1989. He was a leader of the nationalist movement in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) who served in a variety of cabinet positions in the decades following independence.

negative: Kumaratunga cabinet The Kumaratunga cabinet was the central government of Sri Lanka led by President Chandrika Kumaratunga between 1994 and 2005. It was formed in November 1994 after the presidential election and it ended in November 2005 when Kumaratunga's second limited term ended. The Kumaratunga cabinet saw the second Cohabitation government of Sri Lanka when the United National Party won the 2001 general election

negative: List of British colonial gazettes This is a list of official government gazettes for current and former British colonies or protectorates. Some are available to consult at the British National Archives or the British Library.

negative: List of Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka There have been fourteen Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka since the creation of the position in 1947, prior to the formation of the Dominion of Ceylon. The Prime Minister of Ceylon was the head of the government until 1978. In 1972, the country was named as the Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka and the position was known as the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from then onwards. The Prime Minister also held the unified Ministry of External Affairs and Defence until 1977, when J.R.

negative: List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces The following is a list of attacks on civilians attributed to armed groups under the control of the Sri Lankan government - Army, Navy, Air Force, Police and paramilitary groups (Home Guards/Civil Defence Force, EPDP, PLOTE, TMVP etc.).

negative: List of female cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka List of female cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka denotes the first female minister of that particular department.

negative: List of government owned companies in Sri Lanka This is a list of companies owned by the central government of Sri Lanka.

negative: List of government schools in Sri Lanka When indicating List of government schools in Sri Lanka it can be individually indicated as lists of government schools in Western, Southern, Eastern, Northern, North Central, Central, North Western, Sabaragamuwa and Uva  provinces.

negative: List of people killed by Sri Lankan government forces The following is a list of notable killings attributed to armed groups under the control of the Sri Lankan government - Army, Navy, Air Force, Police and paramilitary groups (Home Guards/Civil Defence Force, Eelam People's Democratic Party, Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal etc.).

negative: List of schools in Sri Lanka The following is a list of schools in Sri Lanka. List of schools in Central Province, Sri Lanka List of schools in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka List of schools in Northern Province, Sri Lanka List of schools in North Central Province, Sri Lanka List of schools in North Western Province, Sri Lanka List of schools in Sabaragamuwa Province List of schools in Southern Province, Sri Lanka List of schools in Uva Province List of schools in Western Province, Sri Lanka

negative: Local government in Sri Lanka Local government is the third and lowest level of government in Sri Lanka – after the central government and provincial councils. The local government bodies are collectively known as local authorities. They are responsible for providing a variety of local public services including roads, sanitation, drains, housing, libraries, public parks and recreational facilities.

negative: Mahinda Rajapaksa Percy Mahendra "Mahinda" Rajapaksa, MP (Sinhalese: පර්සි මහේන්ද්‍ර "මහින්ද" රාජපක්ෂ, pronounced [maˈhində ˈraːɟəˌpakʂə], Tamil: மகிந்த ராசபக்ச; born 18 November 1945) is a Sri Lankan politician who served as the 6th President of Sri Lanka from 19 November 2005 to 9 January 2015. A lawyer by profession, Rajapaksa was first elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in 1970, and he served as Prime Minister from 6 April 2004 until his victory in the 2005 presidential election.

negative: Mannar District Mannar District  (Tamil: மன்னார் மாவட்டம் Maṉṉār Māvaṭṭam; Sinhalese: මන්නාරම දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Mannar.

negative: Ministry of Defence (Sri Lanka) The Ministry of Defence is the Sri Lankan government ministry responsible for implementation of government defence policy and the headquarters of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.The Ministry of Defence states that its principal objectives are the formulation, co-ordination and the execution of policies in relation to the national security.

negative: Ministry of External Affairs and Defence The Ministry of External Affairs and Defence was a ministry of the Government of Ceylon that conducted and managed all of Ceylon's relations with other countries and its military matters from 1947 to 1977.

negative: Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Councils The Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Councils is the Sri Lankan government ministry responsible for “To ensure efficient and effective Provincial and Local Administrative system responsive to the aspirations of the people and facilitate the achievement of Sustainable and equitable human development in Sri Lanka by advocating and strengthening the systems of Decentralized Governance.”

negative: Mullaitivu District Mullaitivu District (Tamil: முல்லைத்தீவு மாவட்டம் Mullaittīvu Māvaṭṭam; Sinhalese: මුලතිවු දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Mullaitivu.

negative: National Security Council (Sri Lanka) The National Security Council of Sri Lanka is the executive body of the Sri Lankan government that is charged with the maintenance of national security with authority to direct the Sri Lankan military and Police. It was established in 1999.

negative: Officer in charge (police) The officer in charge (OIC) is the gazetted officer in command of a police station in Sri Lanka. He/she is in charge of most of the investigations of the station and for maintenance of law and order within that police area. Officer in charge can also refer to the head officer of a fire station or district, as well as other public safety agencies, such as forestry districts and EMS districts.In the Canadian navy, the senior officer on board an orca-class patrol vessel is the officer in charge.

negative: Outline of Sri Lanka The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sri Lanka:Sri Lanka – island country in the northern Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon (/sɨˈlɒnˌ seɪ-ˌ siː-/), Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest.

negative: Parliament of Sri Lanka The Parliament of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිමේන්තුව Sri Lanka Parlimenthuwa) is the 225-member unicameral legislature of Sri Lanka. The members of Parliament are elected by proportional representation for five-year terms, with universal suffrage. Parliament reserves the power to make all laws.

negative: Parliamentary Council The Parliamentary Council is a constitutional authority in Sri Lanka established under the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka. Formally being constituted on January 1, 2011 as per the 18th Amendment, it replaces the Constitutional Council that was established under the 17th Amendment.

negative: Politics of Sri Lanka Politics of Sri Lanka takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Sri Lanka is both head of state and head of government, and of a  multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. For decades, the party system has been dominated by the socialist Sri Lanka Freedom Party and the conservative United National Party.

negative: President's Security Division President's Security Division (PSD) is a unit of the Sri Lanka Police charged with the close protection of the President of Sri Lanka. It is headed by a gazetted officer of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG). Until 2008 the unit was controlled army personnel assigned to President's protection, but these were formed into an independent unit named the President's Guard.

negative: President of Sri Lanka The President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhalese: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති; Tamil: இலங்கை சனாதிபதி) is the elected head of state and head of government of Sri Lanka. The President leads the executive branch of the Sri Lankan government and is the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.The office was created in 1972 and the president remains the single most dominant political office in the country. The current President is Maithripala Sirisena.

negative: Prime Minister's Security Division Prime Minister's Security Division (PMSD) is a unit of the Sri Lanka Police charged with the close protection of the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. It is headed by a gazetted officer of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG). The unit consists of both uniformed and non-uniformed officers who provide close protection and guard Prime Ministerial residences.

negative: Provincial Governors of Sri Lanka The following is a list of incumbent governors of Sri Lanka. The governor is the head of the provincial government and exercises executive power in respect of subjects devolved to provincial councils. The governor is appointed by the President of Sri Lanka for a period of five years. There are a currently nine governors.

negative: Rajapaksa cabinet The Rajapaksa cabinet was the central government of Sri Lanka led by President Mahinda Rajapaksa between 2005 and 2015. It was formed in November 2005 after the presidential election and it ended in January 2015 after the opposition's victory in the presidential election. This Cabinet was called the Jambo Cabinet and holds the world record for the largest cabinet in the world.http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-cabinet-ministers-appointed-by-a-government/

negative: Road signs in Sri Lanka Road signs in Sri Lanka are standardized road signs closely follow those used in the United Kingdom with certain distinctions, and a number of changes have introduced road signs that suit as per local road and system. Sri Lankan government announced by a gazette that aimed to get a face-lift and introduction of over 100 new road traffic signs. The new change will be replaced in color and sizes and introduction of Variable-message sign & electronic digital sign boards in express highways.

negative: Royal College, Colombo Royal College (also referred to as Royal College Colombo, Royal College, Colombo 7, Colombo Royal College, or simply as Royal) is a selective entry boys' school located in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

negative: Royal Thai Government Gazette The Royal Thai Government Gazette (Thai: ราชกิจจานุเบกษา; rtgs: Ratchakitchanubeksa), frequently abbreviated Government Gazette (GG) or Royal Gazette (RG), is the public journal and newspaper of record of Thailand. Laws passed by the government generally come into force after being published in the GG. The Cabinet Secretariat, a department in the Office of the Prime Minister, is now in charge of printing the GG.

negative: Sirimavo Bandaranaike Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (Sinhalese: සිරිමා රත්වත්තේ ඩයස් බණ්ඩාරනායක, Tamil: சிறிமா ரத்வத்தே டயஸ் பண்டாரநாயக்கே; 17 April 1916 – 10 October 2000), commonly known as Sirimavo Bandaranaike (the suffix "vo" denotes respect), was a Sri Lankan politician and the modern world's first female head of government.

negative: Sirisena cabinet The Sirisena cabinet is the 15th and incumbent central government of Sri Lanka led by President Maithripala Sirisena. It was formed in January 2015 after the presidential election. As of 10 September 2015 the cabinet had 47 members - president, prime minister and 45 ministers. There are also 19 state ministers and 23 deputy ministers who are not members of the cabinet.

negative: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (/sriːˈlɑːŋkə, -ˈlæŋkə/ or /ʃriː-/; Sinhalese Śrī Laṃkāva, Tamil Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and known from the beginning of British colonial rule until 1972 as Ceylon (/sɨˈlɒnˌ seɪ-ˌ siː-/), is an island country in South Asia near south-east India.Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest.

negative: Sri Lanka Air Force The Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) (Sinhalese: ශ්‍රි ලංකා ගුවන් හමුදාව Sri Lanka Guwan Hamudawa) is the air arm and the youngest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. It was founded in 1951 as the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) with the assistance of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The SLAF played a major role throughout the Sri Lankan Civil War. The SLAF operates more than 160 aircraft and has a projected trained strength of 27,400 airmen and 1,300 officers, who are from both regular and reserve service.

negative: Sri Lanka Armed Forces The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The three services have around 161,000 active personnel; conscription has never been imposed in Sri Lanka.

negative: Sri Lanka Army The Sri Lanka Army is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and is the nation's army. Established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, it was renamed when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972.

negative: Sri Lanka Cricket Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC), formerly the Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka (BCCSL), is the controlling body for cricket in Sri Lanka.

negative: Sri Lanka Customs Sri Lanka Customs is a non-ministerial government department, which performs the duties of collecting customs duties and other taxes and levies in Sri Lanka.  It comes under the purview of the Ministry of Finance.  Head of the Sri Lanka Customs is the Director General of Customs, Mr. Jagath P. Wijeweera.The department works with the powers vested under the Customs Ordinance (chapter 235).  In addition to this it enacts several other related enactments.

negative: Sri Lanka Freedom Party The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (Sinhalese: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය Sri Lanka Nidahas Pakshaya, Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி) is one of the major political parties in Sri Lanka. It was founded by S.W.R.D Bandaranaike in 1951  and, since then, has been one of the two largest parties in the Sri Lankan political arena. It first came to power in 1956 and since then has been the predominant party in government on a number of occasions.

negative: Sri Lanka Police Service The Sri Lanka Police Service (commonly known to as the Sri Lanka Police) is the civilian national police force of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The police force has a manpower of approximately 85,000. It is responsible for enforcing criminal and traffic law, enhancing public safety, maintaining order and keeping the peace throughout Sri Lanka.

negative: Sri Lanka Ports Authority Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) is the state-owned operator of major commercial ports in Sri Lanka. Founded in 1979, SLPA currently operates ports in Colombo, Galle, Hambantota, Kankesanthurai, Oluvil, Point Pedro and Trincomalee. As of 31 March 2013 SLPA had a 3% stake in Colombo Dockyard.

negative: Sri Lanka Post The Department of Posts, functioning under the brand name Sri Lanka Post, is a government operated postal system in Sri Lanka. The postal headquarters is the General Post Office which is located in Colombo. The department itself comes under the purview of the Ministry of Telecommunications and Posts.

negative: Sri Lanka Railways Sri Lanka Railway Department, branded "Sri Lanka Railways" (SLR), is Sri Lanka's railway owner and primary operator. It is a key department of the Sri Lankan Government, under the Ministry of Transport, with a history that begins in 1858. Sri Lanka Railways (formerly CGR – Ceylon Government Railway) operates the nation's rail network linking Colombo - the commercial capital of Sri Lanka - and many population centres and tourist destinations.

negative: Sri Lanka national cricket team The Sri Lankan cricket team, nicknamed The Lions, is the national cricket team of Sri Lanka. The team first played international cricket in 1926–27, and were later awarded Test status in 1982, which made Sri Lanka the eighth Test cricket playing nation. The team is administered by Sri Lanka Cricket.Sri Lanka's national cricket team achieved considerable success beginning in the 1990s, rising from underdog status to winning the Cricket World Cup in 1996.

negative: Sri Lankan Civil War The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), an independent militant organisation which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island.

negative: Sri Lankan local government elections, 1998 Local government elections were held in Sri Lanka on 29 January 1998 for 17 local authorities on the Jaffna peninsula, in the north of the country. They were the first local elections held in the peninsula since 1983. Turnout was low due to the threats issued by the rebel Tamil Tigers. The Eelam People's Democratic Party gained control of nine local authorities, Democratic People's Liberation Front (PLOTE) three, Tamil United Liberation Front one and Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization one.

negative: Sri Lankan local government elections, 2009 Local government elections were held in Sri Lanka on 8 August 2009 for two local councils in the north of the country: Jaffna Municipal Council and Vavuniya Urban Council. They were the first elections held in the country since the government declared victory in the 26-year-old civil war on 18 May 2009. They were also the first local elections held in the Northern Province in more than 11 years. Both towns had been under government control for many years.

negative: Sri Lankan local government elections, 2011 Local government elections were held in Sri Lanka on 17 March 2011, 23 July 2011 and 8 October 2011 to elect 4,327 members for 322 of the 335 local authorities in the country. 13.7 million Sri Lankans were eligible to vote in the election. Elections to two other local authorities in Mullaitivu District are due but have been repeatedly postponed due to alleged delays in resettling internally displaced persons.

negative: Sri Lankan national referendum, 1982 The 1982 Sri Lankan national referendum took place on December 22, 1982, giving the people of Sri Lanka the option to extend the life of parliament by 6 years. It was the first and so far only national referendum to be held in Sri Lanka. The referendum was called for by President J. R. Jayawardene, who had been elected to a fresh six-year term as President in October 1982.

negative: Sri Palee Campus The Sri Palee Campus of the University of Colombo is located in Wewala, Horana. Established in 1996 it conducts courses in the field of performing arts and mass media. It was established by a notification of the Sri Lanka government gazette (Extraordinary) No 928/1 dated June 20, 1996. The campus is located in buildings and land originally donated to the University of Ceylon by the family of the late Mr. Wilmot A. Perera (trustees of the Sri Palee Trust) in memory of their father.

negative: Tamil Eelam Tamil Eelam (Tamil: தமிழீழம் tamiḻ īḻam, generally rendered outside Tamil-speaking areas as தமிழ் ஈழம்) is a proposed independent state that Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora aspire to create in the north and east of Sri Lanka.  Tamil Eelam has no official status or recognition by world states though sections of the Eelam were under de facto control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for most of the 2000s.

negative: Tamil National Alliance The Tamil National Alliance (Tamil: தமிழ்த் தேசியக் கூட்டமைப்பு ISO 15919: tamiḻt tēciyakkūṭṭamaippu; TNA)  is a political alliance in Sri Lanka that represents the country's Sri Lankan Tamil minority. It was formed in October 2001 by a group of moderate Tamil nationalist parties and former militant groups. The alliance originally supported self-determination in an autonomous state (Tamil Eelam) for the island's Tamils.

negative: Traffic Police (Sri Lanka) The Traffic Police is a specialized unit of the Sri Lanka Police responsible for overseeing and enforcing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways. It is headed by the Director of Traffic, in recent times a senior gazetted officer of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG). Therefore the post is also referred to as DIG - Traffic.

negative: Uva Wellassa University Uva Wellassa University (abbreviated as UWU) is a Sri Lankan National University. The university was established by government gazette effective 1st of June, 2005  in Badulla, Sri Lanka as the 14th national university of Sri Lanka. President Chandrika Kumaratunga established the university in 2007. The university officially opened by Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa on 5th of August, 2009.It is the first all-entrepreneurial university in Sri Lanka.

negative: Vavuniya District Vavuniya District (Tamil: வவுனியா மாவட்டம் Vavuṉiyā Māvaṭṭam; Sinhalese: වවුනියා දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Vavuniya.