query: Give me a list of all American inventions.

positive: Abel Axe The Abel Axe is an electric guitar invented by Jeff Abel from Wyoming, United States and engineered by James Jones. Made from aircraft grade T-6 Billet aluminum, its distinguishing features are the various sized holes dotting the body. All Abel Axes are made in the United States. Abel Axe has won the Emerging Manufacturer Award in the 1999 Annual Manufacturing Awards Ceremony. Mark Slaughter, leader of the band Slaughter, owned an Abel Axe.

positive: Aberdeen chronograph The Aberdeen chronograph was the first portable instrument for measuring ordnance muzzle velocity and striking power.  It was invented in 1918 by Alfred Lee Loomis at the U.S. Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground.  The method prevalent at the time was the Boulenge chronograph, which relied on the projectile breaking two wire screens and measuring the time between circuit-breaking.

positive: Abraham Lincoln's patent Abraham Lincoln's patent is a patented invention to lift boats over shoals and obstructions in a river. It is the only United States patent ever registered to a President of the United States. Lincoln conceived the idea of inventing a mechanism that would lift a boat over shoals and obstructions when on two different occasions the boat on which he traveled got hung up on obstructions.

positive: Aerogel Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density and low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include frozen smoke, solid smoke, solid air, or blue smoke owing to its translucent nature and the way light scatters in the material. It feels like fragile expanded polystyrene to the touch.

positive: American Heritage of Invention & Technology American Heritage of Invention & Technology was a quarterly magazine dedicated to the history of technology. It was a spinoff of American Heritage magazine. It started in the summer of 1985 and there were three issues a year until 1992, when it became quarterly. Following the Summer 2007 issue (volume 23, number 1), publication was suspended (along with American Heritage itself).

positive: American Inventor American Inventor was a reality television series based on a competition to be named America's best inventor. It was conceived by UK entrepreneur Peter Jones, who appears on the British version of the somewhat similar programme Dragons' Den, a format originated in Japan where it is owned by Sony. It was produced by Jones alongside Simon Cowell and the producers of American Idol. It premiered on ABC on March 16, 2006.

positive: Artificial cardiac pacemaker A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the heart's natural pacemaker is not fast enough, or because there is a block in the heart's electrical conduction system.

positive: Artificial neuron An artificial neuron is a mathematical function conceived as a model of biological neurons. Artificial neurons are the constitutive units in an artificial neural network.  Depending on the specific model used they may be called a semi-linear unit,  Nv neuron, binary neuron, linear threshold function, or McCulloch–Pitts (MCP) neuron. The artificial neuron receives one or more inputs (representing dendrites) and sums them to produce an output (representing a neuron's axon).

positive: Ballistic electron emission microscopy Ballistic electron emission microscopy or BEEM is a technique for studying ballistic electron transport through a variety of materials and material interfaces. BEEM is a three terminal scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique that was invented in 1988 at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California by L. Douglas Bell and William Kaiser. The most popular interfaces to study are metal-semiconductor Schottky diodes, but metal-insulator-semiconductor systems can be studied as well.

positive: BigBelly BigBelly is a solar powered, rubbish-compacting bin, manufactured by U.S. company BigBelly Solar for use in public spaces such as parks, beaches, amusement parks, and universities. The bin was designed and originally manufactured in Needham, Massachusetts by Seahorse Power, a company set up in 2003 with the aim of reducing fossil fuel consumption. The first machine was installed in Vail, Colorado in 2004.

positive: Black light A black light, also referred to as a UV-A light, Wood's light, or simply ultraviolet light,  is a lamp that emits long wave (UV-A) ultraviolet light and not much visible light.  The lamp has a violet filter material, either on the bulb or in a separate glass filter in the lamp housing, which blocks most visible light and allows through UV, so the lamp has a dim violet glow when operating.

positive: Cash register A cash register, also referred to as a till in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating transactions.  It is usually attached to a drawer for storing cash and other valuables. The cash register is also usually attached to a printer, that can print out receipts for record keeping purposes.

positive: Catalytic converter A catalytic converter  is a vehicle emissions control device that converts toxic pollutants in exhaust gas to less toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction (oxidation or reduction). Catalytic converters are used with internal combustion engines fueled by either petrol (gasoline) or diesel—including lean-burn engines.The first widespread introduction of catalytic converters was in the United States automobile market. To comply with the U.S.

positive: Chemical laser A chemical laser is a laser that obtains its energy from a chemical reaction. Chemical lasers can reach continuous wave output with power reaching to megawatt levels. They are used in industry for cutting and drilling.Common examples of chemical lasers are the chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL), all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL), and the hydrogen fluoride (HF) and deuterium fluoride (DF) lasers, both operating in the mid-infrared region.

positive: Chemical oxygen iodine laser Chemical oxygen iodine laser, or COIL, is an infrared chemical laser.  As the beam is infrared, it cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is capable of output power scaling up to megawatts in continuous mode. Its output wavelength is 1.315 µm, a transition wavelength of atomic iodine.The laser is fed with gaseous chlorine, molecular iodine, and an aqueous mixture of hydrogen peroxide and potassium hydroxide.

positive: Comptometer The comptometer was the first commercially successful key-driven mechanical calculator, patented in the USA by Dorr E. Felt in 1887.A key-driven calculator is extremely fast because each key adds or subtracts its value to the accumulator as soon as it is pressed and a skilled operator can enter all of the digits of a number simultaneously, using as many fingers as required, making them sometimes faster to use than electronic calculators.

positive: Contour crafting Contour crafting is a building printing technology being researched by Behrokh Khoshnevis of the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute (in the Viterbi School of Engineering) that uses a computer-controlled crane or gantry to build edifices rapidly and efficiently with substantially less manual labor. It was originally conceived as a method to construct molds for industrial parts.

positive: Dishmaker A dishmaker was designed by Leonardo Bonanni. It can create cups, bowls, and plates and recycle them into their raw material when they are done being used. Barbara Wheaton did not want to wash dishes and wanted a more durable, disposable dish (Zetter 2005). The MIT Media Lab’s Counter Intelligence Group created a machine that did just that, making dishes on demand out of food-safe materials then recycling them for use later (Zetter 2005).

positive: Drop Stop Drop Stop is a patented  device designed to prevent items from falling down in between a car's front seats and center console. It was invented by Marc Newburger and Jeffrey Simon of Los Angeles.Drop Stop is constructed out of black Neoprene filled with polyester fiberfill and is about 17 inches long.  It has a slot sewn into it where the seat belt latch can fit through. This anchors the device, allowing the car seat to slide back-and-forth freely.

positive: Ferris wheel A Ferris wheel, named after George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., (sometimes called a big wheel, observation wheel, or, in the case of the very tallest examples, giant wheel) is a nonbuilding structure consisting of a rotating upright wheel with multiple passenger-carrying components (commonly referred to as passenger cars, cabins, capsules, gondolas, or pods) attached to the rim in such a way that as the wheel turns, they are kept upright, usually by gravity.Some of the largest modern Ferris wheels have cars mounted on the outside of the rim, with electric motors to independently rotate each car to keep it upright.

positive: Franklin stove The Franklin stove is a metal-lined fireplace named after Benjamin Franklin, who invented it in 1741.  It had a hollow baffle near the rear (to transfer more heat from the fire to a room's air) and relied on an "inverted siphon" to draw the fire's hot fumes around the baffle.  It was intended to produce more heat and less smoke than an ordinary open fireplace.  It is also known as a "circulating stove" or the "Pennsylvania fireplace".

positive: Fresno scraper The Fresno Scraper is a machine pulled by horses used for constructing canals and ditches in sandy soil. The design of the Fresno Scraper forms the basis of most modern earthmoving scrapers, having the ability to scrape and move a quantity of soil, and also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually.

positive: Fused deposition modeling Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications. It is one of the techniques used for 3D printing.FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying down material in layers; a plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to produce a part.The technology was developed by S. Scott Crump in the late 1980s and was commercialized in 1990.

positive: Gas laser A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharged through a gas to produce coherent light. The gas laser  was the first continuous-light laser and the first laser to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. The first gas laser, the Helium–neon laser (HeNe), was co-invented by Iranian-Azerbaijani physicist Ali Javan and American physicist William R. Bennett, Jr. in 1960.

positive: Gilhoolie The Gilhoolie is a kitchen appliance that opens jars and bottles.  It was invented by Dr. C. W. Fuller, a retired dentist from Yonkers, New York.  The Gilhoolie debuted in 1953.  It was patented in 1954 as a "cam operated sliding jaw closure remover".

positive: Glass harmonica The glass harmonica, also known as the glass armonica, bowl organ, hydrocrystalophone, or simply the armonica or harmonica (derived from ἁρμονία, harmonia, the Greek word for harmony), is a type of musical instrument that uses a series of glass bowls or goblets graduated in size to produce musical tones by means of friction (instruments of this type are known as friction idiophones).

positive: Glucose meter A glucose meter (or glucometer) is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood.  It can also be a strip of glucose paper dipped into a substance and measured to the glucose chart. It is a key element of home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) by people with diabetes mellitus or  hypoglycemia.

positive: Henry Blair (inventor) Henry Blair  (1807–1860) was the second African American inventor to receive a patent.He was born in Glen Ross, Maryland, United States in 1807. His first invention was the Seed-Planter, patented October 14, 1834, which allowed farmers to plant more corn using less labor in a smaller amount of time. On August 31, 1836 he obtained a second patent for a cotton planter. This invention worked by splitting the ground with two shovel-like blades which were pulled along by a horse.

positive: Henry rifle The Henry repeating rifle is a lever-action breech-loading tubular magazine rifle famed both for its use at the Battle of the Little Bighorn and being the basis for the iconic Winchester rifle of the American Wild West.Designed by Benjamin Tyler Henry in 1860, the Henry was introduced in the early 1860s and produced through 1866 in the United States by the New Haven Arms Company.

positive: Holographic drive A holographic disk is a form of data storage designed for computers, created by InPhase Technologies. The smaller holographic drives can store thirty times the information of a Blu-ray Disc.Holographic drives store information in a manner different from normal DVD drives.  While DVDs hold information on the surface or just below the surface, holographic drives pack data in a gel, using a pair of laser beams that cross through the entirety of the gel.

positive: Hutchinson Patent Stopper Charles G. Hutchinson invented and patented the Hutchinson Patent Stopper in 1879 as a replacement for cork bottle stoppers which were commonly being used as stoppers on soda water or pop bottles. His invention employed a wire spring attached to a rubber seal. Production of these stoppers was discontinued after 1912.

positive: Ice resurfacer An ice resurfacer is a vehicle or hand-pushed device used to clean and smooth the surface of an ice sheet, usually in an ice rink. The two major manufacturers are Resurfice Corporation, which sells Olympia-brand machines, and Frank J. Zamboni & Company. The first ice resurfacer was developed by Frank Zamboni in 1949 in the city of Paramount, California. Zamboni /zæmˈboʊni/ is an internationally registered trademark.

positive: Induction motor An induction or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore does not require mechanical commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation for all or part of the energy transferred from stator to rotor, as in universal, DC and large synchronous motors.

positive: Industrial robot An industrial robot is defined by ISO 8373 as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes.

positive: Jeans Jeans are trousers typically made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term "jeans" refers to a particular style of pants, called "blue jeans," which were invented by Jacob Davis in 1871 and patented by Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20, 1873. Originally designed for cowboys and miners, jeans became popular in the 1950s among teenagers, especially members of the greaser subculture.

positive: Kinetoscope The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device.

positive: LAWKS The Lake and Walker Knife Safety system (LAWKS) is a patented addition to folding knives using the Walker Linerlock, designed by noted Knifemakers' Guild members Ron Lake and Michael Walker. The safety comes in two versions: original LAWKS and the Columbia River Knife & Tool company's patented AutoLAWKS. These additions raise manufacturing and engineering costs, but increase safety and security.

positive: Lightning Switch Lightning Switch is a wireless and batteryless remote control switch technology manufactured by PulseSwitch Systems, a member of The Face Companies Group of Norfolk, Virginia.  It is most commonly used as a wireless light switch.

positive: Lightning rod A lightning rod (US, AUS) or lightning conductor (UK) is a metal rod or metallic object mounted on top of an elevated structure, such as a building, a ship, or even a tree, electrically bonded using a wire or electrical conductor to interface with ground or "earth" through an electrode, engineered to protect the structure in the event of lightning strike.

positive: Liner lock The Linerlock is a locking mechanism for folding pocket knives. A Linerlock is a folding knife with a side-spring lock that can be opened and closed with one hand without repositioning the knife in the hand. The lock is self-adjusting for wear. The modern Linerlock traces its lineage to the late 19th century, but in the 1980s the design was improved by custom knifemaker Michael Walker.

positive: Merrill Wheel-Balancing System The Merrill Wheel-Balancing System was the world's first electronic dynamic wheel-balancing system. It was invented in 1945 by Marcellus Merrill at the Merrill Engineering Laboratories, 2390 South Tejon Street, Englewood, Colorado, and is now recorded on the list of IEEE Milestones in electronic engineering and as an American Society of Mechanical Engineers landmark. Before Merrill's invention, all wheel-balancing for automobiles, trucks, etc., required removal of the wheel from the vehicle.

positive: Microwave oven A microwave oven, commonly referred to as a microwave, is a kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave spectrum. This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating.

positive: Mouse button A mouse button is a microswitch on a computer mouse which can be pressed (“clicked”) to select or interact with an element of a graphical user interface.The three-button scrollmouse has become the most commonly available design.

positive: Native American contributions This is an alphabetic list of achievements in science and technology made by Indigenous peoples of the Americas during the 13,500 years or more that they have inhabited the American continent.

positive: Neuticles Neuticles are prosthetic testicular implants for neutered dogs and other domestic animals.  Creator Gregg Miller won the 2005 Ig Nobel Prize in Medicine, a parody of the real Nobel Prize, for his invention.According to the website,  over 500,000 pets have been 'neuticled' since the product was introduced in 1995 in all 50 states of the USA and 49 countries.

positive: Nuclear submarine A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor.  The performance advantages of nuclear submarines over "conventional" (typically diesel-electric) submarines are considerable.  Nuclear propulsion, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for conventional submarines.

positive: Nuclear weapon A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion (thermonuclear weapon). Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first fission "\atomic") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT (see Trinity (nuclear test)).

positive: Pattern playback The Pattern Playback[1][2] is an early talking device that was built by Dr. Franklin S. Cooper and his colleagues, including John M. Borst and Caryl Haskins, at Haskins Laboratories in the late 1940s and completed in 1950. There were several different versions of this hardware device. Only one currently survives. The machine converts pictures of the acoustic patterns of speech in the form of a spectrogram back into sound.

positive: Personal computer A personal computer is a general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities and original sale price make it useful for individuals, and is intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator. This contrasts with the batch processing or time-sharing models that allowed larger, more expensive minicomputer and mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time.

positive: Phonograph The phonograph is a device invented in 1877 for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc.

positive: Photosensitive glass Photosensitive glass is a crystal-clear glass that belongs to the lithium-silicate family of glasses, in which an image of a mask  can be captured by microscopic metallic particles in the glass when it is exposed to short wave radiations such as ultraviolet light.  Photosensitive glass was first discovered by S. Donald Stookey in 1937

positive: Quantum well laser A quantum well laser is a laser diode in which the active region of the device is so narrow that quantum confinement occurs.  Laser diodes are formed in compound semiconductor materials that (quite unlike silicon) are able to emit light efficiently.  The wavelength of the light emitted by a quantum well laser is determined by the width of the active region rather than just the bandgap of the material from which it is constructed.

positive: RAM press A RAM press (or ram press) is a machine, invented in the USA in the mid-1940s, that is used to press clay into moulded shapes, such as plates and bowls. In operation a slice of de-aired clay body is placed in between two shaped porous moulds, and vertical movement of the moulds presses the body into the required shape.

positive: Radial arm saw A radial arm saw is a cutting machine consisting of a circular saw mounted on a sliding horizontal arm. Invented by Raymond DeWalt in 1922, the radial arm saw was the primary tool used for cutting long pieces of stock to length until the introduction of the power miter saw in the 1970s.In addition to making length cuts, a radial arm saw may be configured with a dado blade to create cuts for dado, rabbet or half lap joints.

positive: Rumford fireplace The Rumford fireplace is a tall, shallow fireplace designed by Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, an Anglo-American physicist best known for his investigations of heat. Its shallow, angled sides are designed to reflect heat into the room, and streamlined throat minimizes turbulence, thereby carrying away smoke with little loss of heated room air.

positive: Segway PT The Segway PT is a two-wheeled, self-balancing, battery-powered electric vehicle invented by Dean Kamen. It is produced by Segway Inc. of New Hampshire. The name Segway is derived from the word segue, meaning smooth transition. PT is an abbreviation for personal transporter.Computers, sensors, and electric motors in the base of the Segway PT keep the device upright when powered on with balancing enabled.

positive: Sholes and Glidden typewriter The Sholes and Glidden typewriter (also known as the Remington No. 1) was the first commercially successful typewriter. Principally designed by the American inventor Christopher Latham Sholes, it was developed with the assistance of fellow printer Samuel W. Soule and amateur mechanic Carlos S. Glidden.  Work began in 1867, but Soule left the enterprise shortly thereafter, replaced by James Densmore, who provided financial backing and the driving force behind the machine's continued development.

positive: Sono arsenic filter The Sono arsenic filter was invented in 2006 by Abul Hussam, who is a chemistry professor at George Mason University (GMU) in Fairfax, Virginia. It was developed to deal with the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater. The filter is now in use in Hussam's native Bangladesh.

positive: Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell The water fuel cell is a technical design of a "perpetual motion machine" created by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940 – March 20, 1998), around which a case of controversy developed. He claimed that an automobile retrofitted with the device could use water as fuel instead of gasoline. Meyer's claims about his "Water Fuel Cell" and the car that it powered were found to be fraudulent by an Ohio court in 1996.

positive: Teleidoscope A teleidoscope is a kind of kaleidoscope, with a lens and an open view, so it can be used to form kaleidoscopic patterns from objects outside the instrument, rather than from items installed as part of it.  It was invented by John Lyon Burnside III, who filed a patent for the invention in 1970 and was granted it in 1972.The lens at the end of the tube is not an optical requirement, but protects the internals of the teleidoscope.  A spherical ball lens is often used.

positive: Telephone A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.

positive: Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

positive: Timeline of United States inventions The following articles cover the  timeline of United States inventions Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) Timeline of United States inventions (after 1991)

positive: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.

positive: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91) A timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the era of the Cold War, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.

positive: Timeline of United States inventions (after 1991) A timeline of United States inventions (after 1991) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Contemporary era to the present day, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.

positive: Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) A timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.

positive: Traffic cone Traffic cones, also called traffic pylons, road cones, highway cones, safety cones, witch's hat, or construction cones, are usually cone-shaped markers that are placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner. They are often used to create separation or merge lanes during road construction projects or automobile accidents, although heavier, more permanent markers or signs are used if the diversion is to stay in place for a long period of time.

positive: Tri-star (wheel arrangement) The tri-star is a novel wheel design—originally by Robert and John Forsyth, assignors to Lockheed in 1967—in which three wheels are arranged in an upright triangle with two on the ground and one above them. If either of the wheels in contact with the ground gets stuck, the whole system rotates over the obstruction. (Patent #3,348,518)Its most famous application was the Landmaster, a unique armoured personnel carrier (APC) from the film Damnation Alley.

positive: Vacuum cleaner A vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an air pump (a centrifugal fan in all but some of the very oldest models), to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies. The dirt is collected by either a dustbag or a cyclone for later disposal.

positive: Vacuum tube In electronics, vacuum tube, electron tube, tube (in North America), or valve (in Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.Vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a cathode heated by the filament.  This type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic valve.  A phototube, however, achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect.

positive: Water Talkies Water Talkies are devices which makes talking underwater possible. They were invented by Rich Stachowski, Jr. in 1995 (at age 10).The Water Talkie is a colorful, cone-shaped device that amplifies voices underwater for up to 15 feet. What started as one product turned into a company producing water toys "made by a kid for kids" - a line of eight pool toys.Rich Stachowski won the 1999 Entrepreneur of the Year Award (the youngest ever) for this invention.

positive: Well counter A well counter is a device used for measuring radioactivity in small samples. It usually employs a sodium iodide crystal detector. It was invented in 1951 by Hal Anger, who is also well known for inventing the scintillation camera. Anger filed U.S. patent #2,779,876 on March 3, 1953 for his "Radio-Activity Distribution Detector" which was later issued on January 29, 1957.

positive: Xerography Xerography or electrophotography is a dry photocopying technique. Its fundamental principle was invented by Hungarian physicist Pál Selényi and based on Selényi's publications Chester Carlson applied for and was awarded U.S. Patent 2,297,691 on October 6, 1942. The technique was originally called electrophotography.

positive: Zipper A zipper, zip, fly or zip fastener, formerly known as a clasp locker, is a commonly used device for binding the edges of an opening of fabric or other flexible material, like on a garment or a bag. It is used in clothing (e.g., jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, sporting goods, camping gear (e.g. tents and sleeping bags), and other items.   Whitcomb L. Judson was an American inventor from Chicago who was the first to invent, conceive of the idea, and to construct a workable zipper.

negative: 1889 College Football All-America Team The 1889 College Football All-America team was the first College Football All-America Team.  The team was selected by Caspar Whitney and published in This Week's Sports.The team selected by Whitney in 1889 marked the origin of the "All-America" teams that have since appeared in every collegiate sport from men's ice hockey to women's gymnastics.  All eleven members of the 1889 All-America team played for three teams—Harvard, Princeton or Yale, then known as the "Big Three" of college football.

negative: 1992 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans".  Although the honorees generally do not compete as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media.

negative: 1993 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans".  Although the honorees generally do not compete as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media.

negative: 1994 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans".  Although the honorees generally do not compete as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media.

negative: 2014 College Football All-America Team The 2014 College Football All-America Team includes those players of American college football who have been honored by various selector organizations as the best players at their respective positions.  The selector organizations award the "All-America" honor annually following the conclusion of the fall college football season.  The original All-America team was the 1889 College Football All-America Team selected by Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp.

negative: 2 and 3 Part Inventions 2 and 3 Part Inventions is a ballet made by New York City Ballet ballet master Jerome Robbins on students at its affiliated school, the School of American Ballet, to Bach's Inventions and Sinfonias, BWV 772–801, (1720–23). The premiere took place on Saturday, 4 June 1994 at the Juilliard Theater, Lincoln Center. The City Ballet premiere was Thursday, 19 January 1995, and it was revived for City Ballet's 90th anniversary celebration of the choreographer, performed again by students from S.A.B.

negative: ARPANET The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet.

negative: Acrylic paint Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint containing pigment suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints are water-soluble, but become water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted with water or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique characteristics not attainable with other media.

negative: Adobe Flash Adobe Flash (formerly called Macromedia Flash and Shockwave Flash) is a multimedia and software platform used for creating vector graphics, animation, browser games, rich Internet applications, desktop applications, mobile applications and mobile games. Flash displays text, vector and raster graphics to provide animations, video games and applications.

negative: Adrian Peterson Adrian Lewis Peterson (born March 21, 1985) is an American football running back for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Vikings seventh overall in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Oklahoma. Peterson set the NCAA freshman rushing record with 1,925 yards as a true freshman during the 2004 season. As a unanimous first-team All-American, he became the first freshman to finish as the runner-up in the Heisman Trophy balloting.

negative: Airbag An airbag is a vehicle safety device. It is a type of occupant restraint system that consists of a flexible fabric bag, also known as an airbag cushion. The airbag module is designed to inflate rapidly then quickly deflate during a collision or impact with another object or a sudden deceleration. The purpose of the airbag is to provide occupant protection and restraint during a crash event.

negative: Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a  Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone.Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.

negative: Anthony Pollok Anthony Pollok (1829 – July 4, 1898) was an American patent attorney who, with Marcellus Bailey, helped prepare Alexander Graham Bell's patents for the telephone and related inventions.

negative: Antonio Meucci Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo meˈuttʃi]; 13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor and an associate of  Giuseppe Garibaldi. Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus which several sources credit as the first telephone.Meucci set up a form of voice-communication link in his Staten Island, New York home in which the second-floor bedroom connected to his laboratory. He submitted a patent caveat for his telephonic device to the U.S.

negative: Argon oxygen decarburization Argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) is a process primarily used in stainless steel making and other high grade alloys with oxidizable elements such as chromium and aluminum. After initial melting the metal is then transferred to an AOD vessel where it will be subjected to three steps of refining; decarburization, reduction, and desulphurization. AOD was invented in 1954 by the Lindé Division of The Union Carbide Corporation  (which became known as Praxair in 1992).

negative: Army Inventions Board The Australian Army Inventions Board, otherwise known as the Army Inventions Directorate, was a government body of the Commonwealth of Australia, set up in 1942 to handle the thousands of inventions submitted by the public. These inventions numbered some 27,000; a mere 127 of which were eventually accepted by the Army as being of notable value or suitable for military purposes.

negative: Arthur Pitney Arthur H. Pitney (1871–1933) was an American inventor best known as the father of the postage meter.  Postage meters are used today by millions of businesses to imprint postage on envelopes and parcels.  Meter indicia serve as proof of payment, functioning as a postage stamp, a cancellation mark, and a dated postmark all in one. Pitney filed a patent application, in Stamford, Connecticut for the world’s first postage meter on December 9, 1901.

negative: Automatic transmission This is about the transmission type for cars. For other meanings of "AT", see AT.An automatic transmission (also called auto gear shift, self-shifting transmission or A/T) is a type of motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually.

negative: BASIC BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use.In 1964, John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz designed the original BASIC language at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. They wanted to enable students in fields other than science and mathematics to use computers.

negative: Barcode A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of data relating to the object to which it is attached. Originally barcodes systematically represented data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D). Later they evolved into rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns in two dimensions (2D). Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols, they are generally referred to as barcodes as well.

negative: Bathysphere The Bathysphere (Greek words βαθύς (bathus), "deep" and σφαῖρα (sphaira), "sphere") was a unique spherical deep-sea submersible which was unpowered and lowered into the ocean on a cable, and was used to conduct a series of dives off the coast of Bermuda from 1930 to 1934.  The Bathysphere was designed in 1928 and 1929 by the American engineer Otis Barton, to be used by the naturalist William Beebe for studying undersea wildlife.

negative: Bell X-1 The Bell X-1, designated originally as XS-1, was a joint National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics-U.S. Army Air Forces-U.S. Air Force supersonic research project built by the Bell Aircraft Company. Conceived during 1944 and designed and built during 1945, it achieved a speed of nearly 1,000 miles per hour (1,600 km/h; 870 kn) during 1948.

negative: Beulah Louise Henry Beulah Louise Henry (September 28, 1887 – 1973) was an American inventor. In the 1930s, she was given the nickname "Lady Edison" for her many inventions.Her inventions include a bobbin-free sewing machine and a vacuum ice cream freezer. Though she was awarded around 49 patents over her lifetime, she had around 110 inventions total.

negative: Bioactive glass Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass. The biocompatibility of these glasses has led them to be investigated extensively for use as implant materials in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bone.

negative: Breakfast cereal Breakfast cereal (or just cereal) is a food made from processed grains that is often eaten as the first meal of the day.  It is eaten hot or cold, usually mixed with milk, yogurt, or fruit. Some companies promote their products for the health benefits from eating oat-based and high-fiber cereals. In America, cereals are often fortified with vitamins. A significant proportion of cold cereals are made with high sugar content.

negative: Brown truss A Brown truss is a type of bridge truss, used in covered bridges. It is noted for its economical use of materials and is named after the inventor, Josiah Brown Jr., of Buffalo, New York, who patented it July 7, 1857 as US patent 17,722.

negative: Bubble gum Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum, designed to freshen breath and to be inflated out of the mouth as a bubble.

negative: Burr Truss The Burr Arch Truss — or simply Burr Truss or Burr Arch — is a combination of an arch and a multiple kingpost truss design. It was invented in 1804 by Theodore Burr, patented on April 3, 1817, and used in bridges, usually covered bridges.

negative: C (programming language) C (/ˈsiː/, as in the letter c) is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

negative: Canadian Patents and Development Limited Canadian Patents and Development Limited (CPDL) was a Canadian agency tasked with promoting the commercialization of inventions and discoveries arising from government departments and agencies, as well as those disclosed to it by universities and others publicly funded organizations. The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) founded CPDL on October 24, 1947, as a subsidiary Crown Corporation under part 1 of the Canadian Companies Act (now Canadian Corporations Act).

negative: Candy apple Candy apples, also known as toffee apples outside of North America, are whole apples covered in a hard toffee or sugar candy coating, with a stick inserted as a handle.  These are a common treat at autumn festivals in Western culture in the Northern Hemisphere, such as Halloween and Guy Fawkes Night because these festivals fall in the wake of the annual apple harvest. Although candy apples and caramel apples may seem similar, they are made using distinctly different processes.

negative: Candy corn Candy corn is a candy most often found in the United States and Canada, popular primarily around Halloween. The three colors of the candy – a broad yellow end, a tapered orange center, and a pointed white tip – mimic the appearance of kernels of corn. Each piece is approximately three times the size of a real kernel from a ripe or dried ear.Candy corn is made primarily from sugar, corn syrup, confectioners wax, artificial coloring and binders.

negative: Carbonless copy paper Carbonless copy paper (CCP), non-carbon copy paper, or NCR paper (No Carbon Required, taken from the initials of its creator, National Cash Register) is a type of coated paper designed to transfer information written on the front onto sheets beneath.

negative: Clay Puett (Hoyt) Clay Puett (1899-1998) was the inventor of the enclosed electric starting gate used at all major thoroughbred race tracks around the world. On July 1, 1939, Puett's invention made its debut at Exhibition Park, Vancouver, British Columbia.  It was an immediate success. By the end of 1940, Puett's gate was a fixture at all major North American race tracks.  Prior to Puett's invention, races were commonly started with ropes, ribbons, or wooden barriers.

negative: Coca-Cola Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944).

negative: Cocaine (drink) Cocaine is a highly caffeinated energy drink distributed by Redux Beverages. It contains more caffeine than rival energy drinks Red Bull and Rockstar, symbolized by three and a half steer heads on the label. Aside from caffeine, the label claims 750 milligrams of taurine, another common ingredient found in many energy drinks.

negative: College Football All-America Team The College Football All-America Team is an honor given annually to the best American college football players at their respective positions. The original usage of the term All-America seems to have been to the 1889 College Football All-America Team selected by Caspar Whitney and published in This Week's Sports in association with football pioneer Walter Camp.

negative: Cotton candy Cotton candy (U.S., India, Canada), candy floss (UK, Pakistan, Ireland, New Zealand, India, South Africa, Canada), or fairy floss (Australia, South Africa) is a form of spun sugar.

negative: Cotton gin A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The fibers are processed into clothing or other cotton goods, and any undamaged cotton was used for clothes.

negative: Cotton swab Cotton swabs (American) or cotton buds (British) consist of a small wad of cotton wrapped around one or both ends of a short rod, usually made of either wood, rolled paper, or plastic.  They are commonly used in a variety of applications including first aid, cosmetics application, cleaning, and arts and crafts.  The cotton swab was invented in the 1920s by Leo Gerstenzang after he attached wads of cotton to toothpicks.

negative: Credit card A credit card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) as a method of payment. It allows the cardholder to pay for goods and services based on the holder's promise to pay for them.

negative: Cris Collinsworth Anthony Cris Collinsworth (born January 27, 1959) is a former American college and professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons, all with the Cincinnati Bengals, during the 1980s. He played college football for the University of Florida, and was recognized as an All-American. He is currently a television sportscaster for NBC, Showtime, and the NFL Network and winner of 15 Sports Emmy Awards.

negative: DNA computing DNA computing is a branch of computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional silicon-based computer technologies. DNA computing—or, more generally, biomolecular computing—is a fast-developing interdisciplinary area.Template:Really? Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of DNA computing.

negative: DOS DOS /dɒs/, short for disk operating system, is an acronym for several computer operating systems that were operated by using the command line.MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995, or until about 2000 including the partially MS-DOS-based Microsoft Windows (95, 98, and Millennium Edition). "DOS" is used to describe the family of several very similar command-line systems, including MS-DOS, PC DOS, DR-DOS, FreeDOS, ROM-DOS, OSx16, "Horizon OS" and PTS-DOS.

negative: Dat Nguyen Dat Tan Nguyen (/ˌdæt ˈwɪn/; Vietnamese: Nguyễn Tấn Đạt, pronounced [ŋʷjə̌ˀn tə̌n ɗàːt]) (born Sept 25, 1975) a sports radio host and former football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons.  He played college football for Texas A&M University, and earned All-American honors.  He played professionally for the NFL's Dallas Cowboys and became the first Vietnamese-American to be drafted, play and be recognized as an All-Pro in the NFL.

negative: Dendrochronology Dendrochronology (from δένδρον, dendron, "tree limb"; χρόνος, khronos, "time"; and -λογία, -logia) or tree-ring dating, is the scientific method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree rings, also known as growth rings. Dendrochronology can date the time at which tree rings were formed, in many types of wood, to the exact calendar year.

negative: Dental floss Dental floss is a cord of thin filaments used to remove food and dental plaque from between teeth in areas a toothbrush is unable to reach. As the build-up of plaque in interproximal areas is the primary cause of dental disease, such as gingivitis and dental caries, the use of floss is commonly recommended in order to prevent these conditions from developing.

negative: Dianetics Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the metaphysical relationship between the mind and body created by L. Ron Hubbard; Dianetics is practiced by followers of Scientology and separate independent Dianeticist groups.

negative: Direct current Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by sources such as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type.  Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC).

negative: Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions is a European Union directive in the field of patent law, made under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome. It was intended to harmonize the laws of Member States regarding the patentability of biotechnological inventions, including plant varieties (as legally defined) and human genes.

negative: Doggles Doggles are a commercial brand of sunglasses for dogs in the form of tinted goggles designed to fit the shape of a dog's head.While marketed as a fashion item, several practical and medical uses have been reported, and prescription lenses for dogs with impaired eyesight are available.

negative: Douglas Engelbart Douglas Carl Engelbart (January 30, 1925 – July 2, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor, and an early computer and Internet pioneer. He is best known for his work on founding the field of human–computer interaction, particularly while at his Augmentation Research Center Lab in SRI International, resulting in the invention of the computer mouse, and the development of hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to graphical user interfaces.

negative: Edison Bugg's Invention Edison Bugg's Invention is a 1916 silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy.

negative: Edith Dunham Foster Edith Dunham Foster (1864–1950) was an American educational film maker who served as the editor of the Motion Picture Community Bureau, which furnished nearly all of the films seen by American armed forces during World War I.Foster's son Warren Dunham Foster was president of the Motion Picture Community Bureau.

negative: Electron beam ion trap Electron beam ion trap (EBIT) is an electromagnetic bottle that produces and confines highly charged ions. An EBIT uses an electron beam focused with a powerful magnetic field to ionize atoms to high charge states by successive electron impact.It was invented by M. Levine and R. Marrs at LLNL and LBNL.

negative: Electronic libretto An electronic libretto system is used primarily in opera houses and is a device which presents translations of lyrics into an audience's language or transcribes lyrics that may be difficult to understand in the sung form.

negative: Equatorial sextant The  Equatorial Sextant , also known as Altitude Instrument, was first invented and made by William Austin Burt. He patented it November 4, 1856, in the United States as patent No. 16,002, which was followed by patents in England, France and Belgium. The purpose of this type of sextant was to get an accurate position of a ship at sea. Burt applied the principles of his earlier Solar Compass invention to navigation.

negative: Explosions in the Sky Explosions in the Sky is an American post-rock band from Texas. The quartet originally played under the name Breaker Morant, then changed to the current name in 1999. The band has garnered popularity beyond the post-rock scene for their elaborately developed guitar work, narratively styled instrumentals, what they refer to as "cathartic mini-symphonies," and their enthusiastic and emotional live shows.

negative: Fax Fax (short for facsimile),  sometimes called telecopying or telefax, is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device.

negative: Fidelipac The Fidelipac, commonly known as a "NAB cartridge" or simply "cart", is a magnetic tape sound recording format, used for radio broadcasting for playback of material over the air such as radio commercials, jingles, station identifications, and music. Fidelipac is the official name of this industry standard audio tape cartridge.

negative: Fire sprinkler A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded.  Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year.  In buildings protected by properly designed, and maintained fire sprinklers, over 99% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone.

negative: Fleshlight The Fleshlight is a brand of artificial vagina sex toy which is primarily marketed to heterosexual men as a masturbatory aid. The Fleshlight was designed by Steve Shubin, who was granted a patent in 1998 for his invention, as a "device for discreet sperm collection", and is  marketed by Interactive Life Forms. It is named for the flesh-like material used in its inner sleeve, as well as the plastic case that houses the sleeve, which is fashioned to look like an oversized flashlight.

negative: Flo & Eddie Flo & Eddie (Mark Volman, Flo aka Phlorescent Leech, and Howard Kaylan, Eddie) are a comedic musical duo.The two were the original founding members of the Top 40 rock group the Turtles. After the Turtles dissolved, Volman and Kaylan first joined the Mothers of Invention as Phlorescent Leech & Eddie. Due to contractual restrictions made early in their career, Volman and Kaylan were prevented from using the name 'the Turtles', as well as their own names in a musical context.

negative: Floppy disk A floppy disk, also called a diskette or  just disk, is a type of disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric that removes dust particles.

negative: Four Great Inventions The Four Great Inventions (simplified Chinese: 四大发明; traditional Chinese: 四大發明) are inventions from ancient China that are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as symbols of ancient China's advanced science and technology.The Four Great Inventions are: Compass Gunpowder Papermaking PrintingThese four discoveries had a large impact on the development of civilization throughout the world.

negative: Frank Zappa Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, songwriter, composer, and record and film producer. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, jazz, orchestral and musique concrète works. He also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers. Zappa produced almost all of the more than 60 albums he released with the band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist.

negative: Freak Out! Freak Out! is the debut album by American band The Mothers of Invention, released June 27, 1966 on Verve Records. Often cited as one of rock music's first concept albums, the album is a satirical expression of frontman Frank Zappa's perception of American pop culture. It was also one of the earliest double albums in rock music (although Bob Dylan's Blonde on Blonde preceded it by a week), and the first 2-record debut.

negative: Fuel dispenser A fuel dispenser is a machine at a filling station that is used to pump gasoline,  diesel, CNG, CGH2, HCNG, LPG, LH2, ethanol fuel,  biofuels like biodiesel, kerosene, or other types of fuel into vehicles. Fuel dispensers are also known as bowsers (in Australia), petrol pumps (in Commonwealth countries), or gas pumps (in North America).

negative: Gamma probe A gamma probe is a handheld device used with a Geiger-Muller tube or scintillation counter, for intraoperative use following interstitial injection of a radionuclide, to locate regional lymph nodes by their radioactivity. It is used primarily for  sentinel lymph node mapping and parathyroid surgery. The Gamma Probe is also used for RSL (Radioactive Seed Localization), to locate small and non-palpable breast lesions.

negative: Go (programming language) Go, also commonly referred to as golang, is a programming language developed at Google in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson.

negative: Graphophone The Graphophone was the name and trademark of an improved version of the phonograph. It was invented at the Volta Laboratory established by Alexander Graham Bell in Washington, D.C., United States.Its trademark usage was acquired successively by the Volta Graphophone Company, then the American Graphophone Company, the North American Phonograph Company, and finally by the Columbia Phonograph Company (later to become Columbia Records), all of which either produced or sold Graphophones.

negative: Hank Foldberg Henry Christian "Hank" Foldberg, Sr. (March 12, 1923 – March 7, 2001) was an American college and professional football player who became a college football coach.  Foldberg played college football for Texas A&M University and the United States Military Academy, and thereafter, he played professionally for Brooklyn Dodgers and the Chicago Hornets of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC).  He later served as the head football coach of Wichita State University and Texas A&M University.

negative: Highway Hi-Fi Highway Hi-Fi was a system of proprietary players and seven-inch phonograph records with standard LP center holes designed for use in automobiles. Designed and developed by Peter Goldmark, who also developed the LP microgroove, the discs utilized 135 grams of vinyl each, enough to press a then-still-standard 10-inch LP (12-inch LPs of the period commonly used 160 grams of vinyl each and 45s used roughly 70 grams).

negative: Infunitum Infunitum, pronounced /in-FUN-item/, is a social-based board game which rewards players for unique answers to hundreds of topics.

negative: Invent This! Invent This! is a TV series that aired on TechTV at the end of 2003. Invent This! profiled ordinary people demonstrating their inventions. Only one season (13 half-hour episodes) were shot. The show was not renewed when TechTV and G4 merged in early 2004.

negative: Invention An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process. The invention process is a process within an overall engineering and product development process.  It may be an improvement upon a machine or product, or a new process for creating an object or a result.  An invention that achieves a completely unique function or result may be a radical breakthrough.  Such works are novel and not obvious to others skilled in the same field.

negative: Inventions and Sinfonias (Bach) The Inventions and Sinfonias, BWV 772–801, also known as the Two- and Three-Part Inventions, are a collection of thirty short keyboard compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750): 15 inventions, which are 2-part contrapuntal pieces, and 15 sinfonias, which are 3-part contrapuntal pieces.

negative: Ionocraft An ionocraft or ion-propelled aircraft (commonly known as a lifter or hexalifter) is a device that uses an electrical electrohydrodynamic (EHD) phenomenon to produce thrust in the air without requiring any combustion or moving parts.The term "ionocraft" dates back to the 1960s, an era in which EHD experiments were at their peak.

negative: Jake Matthews Jacob "Jake" Matthews (born February 11, 1992) is an American football offensive tackle for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Falcons sixth overall in the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at Texas A&M.

negative: Jeff Zimmerman (American football) Jeffrey Alan Zimmerman (born January 10, 1963) is an American former college and professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League for four seasons during the late 1980s and early 1990s.  He played college football for the University of Florida, and was twice recognized as an All-American.  The Dallas Cowboys selected him in the third round of the 1987 NFL Draft.

negative: Jim Sherwood Jim "Motorhead" Sherwood (May 8, 1942 – December 25, 2011) was an American rock musician notable for playing soprano, tenor and baritone saxophone, tambourine, vocals and vocal sound effects in Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention. He appeared on all the albums of the original Mothers line-up and the 'posthumous' releases Burnt Weeny Sandwich and Weasels Ripped My Flesh, as well as certain subsequent Zappa albums. He also appeared in the films 200 Motels, Video from Hell and Uncle Meat.

negative: K-Y Jelly K-Y Jelly is a water-based, water-soluble personal lubricant, most commonly used as a lubricant for sexual intercourse. A variety of different products and formulas are produced under the K-Y banner. According to the company, "The origins of the brand name 'K-Y' are unknown.

negative: Kong (dog toy) Kong (sometimes KONG) is a popular line of dog toys and cat toys introduced in 1976. The classic Kong resembles a snowman-like structure of three balls pushed together. Kongs also come in several variations for dogs of different ages and sizes.

negative: Lambda calculus Lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system in mathematical logic for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. First formulated by Alonzo Church to formalize the concept of effective computability, lambda calculus found early successes in the area of computability theory, such as a negative answer to Hilbert's Entscheidungsproblem.

negative: Laser printing Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process. It produces high-quality text and graphics (and moderate-quality photographs) by repeatedly passing a laser beam back and forth over a negatively charged cylindrical drum to define a differentially-charged image. The drum then selectively collects electrically charged powdered ink (toner), and transfers the image to paper, which is then heated in order to permanently fuse the text and/or imagery.

negative: Light-emitting diode A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.

negative: Lisp (programming language) Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish prefix notation.Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is older (by one year). Like Fortran, Lisp has changed a great deal since its early days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history.

negative: List of Academic All-America Team Members of the Year List of Academic All-America Team Members of the Year is a list of the annual selection by the College Sports Information Directors of America and its Academic All-America sponsor of the individual athlete selected as the most outstanding of the approximately 1640 annual Academic All-America selections. Since the 2012 awards, one winner has been chosen for each of four divisions.

negative: List of Alabama Crimson Tide football All-Americans The Alabama Crimson Tide college football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and represents the University of Alabama in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). All-America selections are individual player recognitions made after each season when numerous publications release lists of the their ideal team.

negative: List of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players The following is a list of players who formed part of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League during its twelve years of existence, from its inception in 1943 through the 1954 season.This list presents data from an eight-year collaborative research project commanded by the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Players Association and is considered to be the definitive list of all the known players that ever formed part of the league.The association was largely responsible for the opening of Women in Baseball, a permanent display at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.

negative: List of All Grown Up! characters This is a list of fictional characters from the Nickelodeon animated television series, All Grown Up!.

negative: List of Arizona Wildcats football All-Americans The Arizona Wildcats college football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and represents the University of Arizona in the South Division of the Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12). All-America selections are individual player recognitions made after each season when numerous publications release lists of the their ideal team.

negative: List of Australian inventions This is a list of Australian inventions consisting of products and technology invented in Australia from pre-European-settlement in 1788 to the present. The inventions are listed in chronological order based on the date of their introduction.Australian inventions include the very old, such as woomera, and the very new, such as the scramjet, first fired at the Woomera rocket range.

negative: List of Austrian inventions and discoveries Austrian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques invented or discovered  partially or entirely by a person born in Austria. In some cases, their Austrianess is determined by the fact that they were born in Austria, of non-Austrian people working in the country.

negative: List of Chinese inventions China has been the source of many innovations, scientific discoveries and inventions. This includes the Four Great Inventions: papermaking, the compass, gunpowder and printing (both woodblock and movable type).

negative: List of Dutch inventions and discoveries The Netherlands, despite its comparatively modest size and population, had a considerable part in the making of the modern society.

negative: List of Florida Gators football All-Americans This list of Florida Gators football All-Americans includes those members of the Florida Gators football team who have received All-American honors from one or more selector organizations.

negative: List of Indian inventions and discoveries This list of Indian inventions and discoveries details the inventions, scientific discoveries and contributions of India, including both the ancient and medieval nations in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state. It draws from the whole cultural and technological history of India, during which architecture, astronomy, cartography, metallurgy, logic, mathematics, metrology and mineralogy were among the branches of study pursued by its scholars.

negative: List of Irish inventions and discoveries Irish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existence either partially or entirely to an Irish person. Often, things which are discovered for the first time, are also called "inventions", and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two. Below is a list of such inventions.

negative: List of Japanese inventions This is a list of Japanese inventions.

negative: List of Korean inventions and discoveries This is a list of Korean inventions and discoveries.

negative: List of North Carolina Tar Heels football All-Americans The North Carolina Tar Heels college football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). All-America selections are individual player recognitions made after each season when numerous publications release lists of the their ideal team.

negative: List of Oklahoma Sooners football All-Americans This is a list of Oklahoma Sooners college football players who were named first team All-Americans. The selecting organizations for football All-Americans that the NCAA recognizes include the Associated Press, American Football Coaches Association, Football Writers Association of America, The Sporting News, and the Walter Camp Football Foundation. The NCAA defines consensus All-Americans as players who were accorded a majority of votes at their positions by these selectors.

negative: List of Oregon Ducks football All-Americans The Oregon Ducks college football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and represents the University of Oregon in the North Division of the Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12). All-America selections are individual player recognitions made after each season when numerous publications release lists of the their ideal team.

negative: List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries This article lists inventions and discoveries made by scientists with Pakistani nationality within Pakistan and outside the country, as well as those made in the territorial area of what is now Pakistan prior to the independence of Pakistan in 1947.

negative: List of Pittsburgh Panthers football All-Americans This list of Pittsburgh Panthers football All-Americans includes those members of the Pittsburgh Panthers football team who have received All-American honors from one or more selector organizations.

negative:
List of Puerto Rican scientists and inventors Before Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Conquistadors landed on the island of "Borikén" (Puerto Rico), the Tainos who inhabited the island depended on their astronomical observations for the cultivation of their crops.In 1581, Juan Ponce de León II, the grandson of the Conquistador Juan Ponce de León, studied an eclipse and its effects on the island and was able to establish the exact geographical coordinates of San Juan with his observations.During the 19th century the economies of many countries in the world suffered from the spread of crop failures. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rican_scientists_and_inventors?oldid=680000504> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/George_Leonard> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> George Burr Leonard (1923 – January 6, 2010) was an American writer, editor, and educator who wrote extensively about education and human potential. He was President Emeritus of the Esalen Institute, past-president of the Association for Humanistic Psychology, President of ITP International, and a former editor of Look Magazine.

negative: List of Swiss inventions and discoveries The following list is composed of items, techniques and processes that were invented by or discovered by people from Switzerland.

negative: List of Taiwanese inventions and discoveries This is a list of inventions by people who were born in Taiwan or current citizens of Taiwan.

negative: List of Wild Kratts episodes This is a list of episodes for the series Wild Kratts. Some episodes focus on an environmental problem, while other episodes have a villain.

negative: List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization The list of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization refers to the technological and civilizational achievements of the Indus Valley Civilisation, a lost civilization which flourished in the Bronze Age around the Indus River basin in what is today mainly Pakistan and northwest portions of the Republic of India. It is also called the Harappan Civilization, after one of its centres, Harappa.

negative: List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world A number of inventions were made in the medieval Islamic world, a geopolitical region that has at various times extended from Spain and Africa in the west to Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent in the east. The inventions listed here were developed during the medieval Islamic world, which covers a period from the early Caliphate to the later Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires.

negative: Lists of etymologies This is a list of etymological lists.

negative: Magnetic stripe card A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card.  The magnetic stripe, sometimes called swipe card or magstripe, is read by swiping past a magnetic reading head. Magnetic stripe cards are commonly used in credit cards, identity cards, and transportation tickets.

negative: Marco Peña Marco Peña was the guitarist for the American rock band The Ataris from 1999 to 2001. He is credited as having played on their album End Is Forever although it is thought that Kris Roe played all the guitar parts on this record. He currently lives in Santa Barbara, California and co owner of Connected Partners, an invention firm established to develop his various inventions.

negative: Monopoly (game) Monopoly is a  board game that originated in the United States in 1903 as a way to demonstrate that an economy which rewards wealth creation is better than one in which monopolists work under few constraints and to promote the economic theories of Henry George and in particular his ideas about taxation and women’s rights. The current version was first published by Parker Brothers in 1935.

negative: Mouse (computing) In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that detects two-dimensional  motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows for fine control of a graphical user interface.Physically, a mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with one or more buttons. Mice often also feature other elements, such as touch surfaces and "wheels", which enable additional control and dimensional input.

negative: Nanoimprint lithography Nanoimprint lithography is a method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns. It is a simple nanolithography process with low cost, high throughput and high resolution. It creates patterns by mechanical deformation of imprint resist and subsequent processes. The imprint resist is typically a monomer or polymer formulation that is cured by heat or UV light during the imprinting. Adhesion between the resist and the template is controlled to allow proper release.

negative: Napoleon Murphy Brock Napoleon Murphy Brock (born June 7, 1945) is an American singer, saxophonist and flute player who is best known for his work with Frank Zappa in the 1970s, including the albums Apostrophe, Roxy and Elsewhere, One Size Fits All, and Bongo Fury. He contributed notable vocal performances to the Zappa songs "Village of the Sun" and "Florentine Pogen."

negative: National College Baseball Hall of Fame The National College Baseball Hall of Fame, located in Lubbock, Texas, is a museum operated by the College Baseball Foundation serving as the central point for the study of the history of college baseball in the United States.

negative: National Inventors Hall of Fame The National Inventors Hall of Fame (NIHF) is an American not-for-profit organization dedicated to the inventors and their inventions.

negative: Nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity. As of 23 April 2014, the IAEA report there are 435 nuclear power reactors in operation operating in 31 countries.

negative: Obsidian hydration dating Obsidian hydration dating (OHD) is a geochemical method of determining age in either absolute or relative terms of an artifact made of obsidian.Obsidian is a volcanic glass that was used by prehistoric people as a raw material in the manufacture of stone tools such as projectile points, knives, or other cutting tools through knapping, or breaking off pieces in a controlled manner.Obsidian obeys the property of mineral hydration, and absorbs water, when exposed to air, at well defined rate.

negative: Oil tanker An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries. Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move refined products from refineries to points near consuming markets.Oil tankers are often classified by their size as well as their occupation.

negative: Oil well An oil well is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface. Usually some natural gas is produced along with the oil. A well that is designed to produce mainly or only gas may be termed a gas well.

negative: Optical mouse An optical computer mouse uses only a light source, typically a laser, and a light detector, such as an array of photodiodes, to detect movement relative to a surface.

negative: PDCA PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products. It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, Shewhart cycle, control circle/cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA). Another version of this PDCA cycle is OPDCA.

negative: PageRank PageRank is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank websites in their search engine results. PageRank was named after Larry Page, one of the founders of Google. PageRank is a way of measuring the importance of website pages. According to Google: PageRank works by counting the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough estimate of how important the website is. The underlying assumption is that more important websites are likely to receive more links from other websites.

negative: Particle accelerator A particle accelerator is a device that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and to contain them in well-defined beams.Large accelerators are best known for their use in particle physics as colliders (e.g. the LHC at CERN, RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Tevatron at Fermilab), FACET at SLAC National Accelerator.

negative: Perl Perl is a family of high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. The languages in this family include Perl 5 and Perl 6.Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various backronyms in use, the most well-known being "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language". Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions.

negative: Philo Farnsworth Philo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor and television pioneer. He made many contributions that were crucial to the early development of all-electronic television. He is perhaps best known for inventing the first fully functional all-electronic image pickup device (video camera tube), the "image dissector", as well as the first fully functional and complete all-electronic television system.

negative: Phonograph cylinder Phonograph cylinders are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. Commonly known simply as "records" in their era of greatest popularity (c. 1896–1915), these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface, which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. In the 1910s, the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium.

negative: Plasma display A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called "plasma" displays because they use small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, which are plasmas.

negative: Pneumoencephalography Pneumoencephalography (sometimes abbreviated PEG; also referred to as an "air study") was a common medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was drained from around the brain by means of a lumbar puncture and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image.

negative: Polymerase chain reaction The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology in molecular biology used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications.

negative: Portuguese inventions The Portuguese inventions are the inventions created by people born in Portugal (continent or overseas) or whose nationality is Portuguese. These inventions were created mainly during the age of Portuguese Discoveries, but as well, during modernity.Relying on trade secret explains, in part, the difficulty often experienced by researchers in documenting Portuguese inventions, as many are not described in patent documents, or other technical documents.

negative: Potato chip A potato chip (American English) or crisp (British English) is a thin slice of potato that has been deep fried, baked, kettle cooked, or popped until crunchy. Potato chips are commonly served as a snack, side dish, or appetizer.

negative: Preparation H Preparation H is a brand of medications made by Pfizer, used in the treatment of hemorrhoids.

negative: Professor Farnsworth Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth, or simply Professor, is a fictional character in the American animated television series Futurama. Farnsworth is the mad scientist proprietor of the Planet Express delivery service, for whom the main characters work. He is the great (×30) nephew of Philip J. Fry, the series' protagonist.

negative: Proposed directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions The Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions (Commission proposal COM(2002) 92), procedure number 2002/0047 (COD) was a proposal for a European Union (EU) directive aimed to harmonise national patent laws and practices concerning the granting of patents for computer-implemented inventions, provided they meet certain criteria.The proposal became a major focus for conflict between those who regarded the proposed directive as a way to codify the case law of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (unrelated to the EU institutions) in the sphere of computing, and those who asserted that the directive is an extension of the patentability sphere, not just a harmonisation, that ideas are not patentable and that the expression of those ideas is already adequately protected by the law of copyright.Following several years of debate and numerous conflicting amendments to the proposal, the proposal was rejected on 6 July 2005 by the European Parliament by an overwhelming majority of 648 to 14 votes.

negative: QWERTY QWERTY is the most common modern-day keyboard layout for Latin script. The name comes from reading the first six keys appearing on the top left letter row of the keyboard (Q, W, E, R, T, and Y) from left to right. The QWERTY design is based on a layout created for the Sholes and Glidden typewriter and sold to Remington in 1873. It became popular with the success of the Remington No.

negative: Radar gun A radar speed gun (also radar gun and speed gun) is a device used to measure the speed of moving objects. It is used in law-enforcement to measure the speed of moving vehicles and is often used in professional spectator sport, for things such as the measurement of bowling speeds in cricket, speed of pitched baseballs, athletes and tennis serves.A radar speed gun is a Doppler radar unit that may be hand-held, vehicle-mounted or static.

negative: Radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon (14C), a radioactive isotope of carbon.The method was developed by Willard Libby in the late 1940s and soon became a standard tool for archaeologists. Libby received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1960.

negative: Ring spinning Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibres, such as cotton, flax or wool, to make a yarn. The ring frame developed from the throstle frame, which in its turn was a descendant of Arkwright's water frame. Ring spinning is a continuous process, unlike mule spinning which uses an intermittent action. In ring spinning, the roving is first attenuated by using drawing rollers, then spun and wound around a rotating spindle which in its turn is contained within an independently rotating ring flyer.

negative: Roy Estrada Roy Estrada (also known as "Roy Ralph Moleman Guacamole Guadalupe Hidalgo Estrada" and "Orejón"; born April 17, 1943 in Santa Ana, California) is an American musician and vocalist, best known for his bass guitar work with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention and for having been a founding member of Little Feat, playing on their first two albums.He is also a convicted sex offender, having had three criminal convictions for molesting a child in 1977, 1994 and 2012, and he is currently incarcerated, ineligible for parole until he is 93 years old.

negative: Ruth Underwood Ruth Underwood (born Ruth Komanoff, May 23, 1946) is a retired professional musician, best known for playing xylophone, marimba, vibraphone and other percussion instruments in Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention.

negative: SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention The SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention (formerly the American Museum of Radio and Electricity) is an interactive museum located in Bellingham, Washington, which offers educational experiences for audiences of all ages through galleries and public programs that illustrate the development and use of electricity, radio and the related inventions that changed the course of human history.

negative: Sandy Bull Alexander "Sandy" Bull (February 25, 1941 – April 11, 2001) was an American folk musician and composer. Bull was an accomplished player of many stringed instruments, including guitar, pedal steel guitar, banjo, and oud. His early work blends non-western instruments with 1960s folk revival, and has been cited as important in the development of psychedelic music.His albums often presented an eclectic repertoire including extended modal improvisations on oud.

negative: Scanning acoustic microscope A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is a device which uses focused sound to investigate, measure, or image an object (a process called scanning acoustic tomography). It is commonly used in failure analysis and non-destructive evaluation. It also has applications in biological and medical research.  The semiconductor industry has found the SAM useful in detecting voids, cracks, and delaminations within microelectronic packages.

negative: Scottie Reynolds Scottie Reynolds (born October 10, 1987) is an American professional basketball player who plays for Enel Brindisi of the Italian Serie A. Prior to his professional career he played college basketball for Villanova.Reynolds also played for the United States in the 2007 Pan Am Games.

negative: Scottish inventions and discoveries Scottish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques either partially or entirely invented or discovered by a person born in or descended from Scotland. In some cases, an invention's Scottishness is determined by the fact that it came into existence in Scotland (e.g., animal cloning), by non-Scots working in the country.

negative: Scroll wheel A scroll wheel (or mouse wheel) is a hard plastic or rubbery disc (the "wheel") on a computer mouse that is perpendicular to the mouse surface. It is normally located between the left and right mouse buttons.

negative: Shopping cart A shopping cart (also called a trolley in the UK and Australia, and a buggy in some parts of the United States and Canada), is a cart supplied by a shop, especially supermarkets, for use by customers inside the shop for transport of merchandise to the check-out counter during shopping.

negative: Silica gel Silica gel is a granular, vitreous, porous form of silicon dioxide made synthetically from sodium silicate. Silica gel is tough and hard; it is more solid than common household gels like gelatin or agar. It is a naturally occurring mineral that is purified and processed into either granular or beaded form.

negative: Solar cell See also PhotovoltaicsA solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light.

negative: Space tourism Space tourism is space travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. A number of startup companies have sprung up in recent years, such as Virgin Galactic and XCOR Aerospace, hoping to create a sub-orbital space tourism industry.

negative: Stereo-Pak The Muntz Stereo-Pak, commonly known as the 4-track cartridge, is a magnetic tape sound recording cartridge technology. The in-car tape player that played the Stereo-Pak cartridges was called the Autostereo, but it was generally marketed under the common Stereo-Pak trade name.The Stereo-Pak cartridge was inspired by the Fidelipac 3-track tape cartridge system invented by George Eash in 1954 and used by radio broadcasters for commercials and jingles  beginning in 1959.

negative: Stereolithography Stereolithography (SLA or SL; also known as optical fabrication, photo-solidification, solid free-form fabrication, solid imaging and Resin printing) is an additive manufacturing  or 3D printing  technology used for producing models, prototypes, patterns, and production parts up one layer at a time using lithographic methods. For example by curing a photo-reactive resin with a UV laser or another similar power source.

negative: Storyboard A storyboard is a graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. The storyboarding process, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions during the early 1930s, after several years of similar processes being in use at Walt Disney and other animation studios.

negative: Susceptor A susceptor is a material used for its ability to absorb electromagnetic energy and convert it to heat (which is sometimes designed to be re-emitted as infrared thermal radiation). This energy is typically radiofrequency or microwave radiation used in industrial heating processes, and also occasionally in microwave cooking. The name is derived from susceptance, an electrical property of materials that measures their tendency to convert electromagnetic energy to heat.

negative: Sybian A Sybian (/ˈsɪbiən/), or Sybian saddle, is a masturbation device primarily designed for use by women. It consists of a saddle-like seat containing an electric motor, gearbox speed reducer, and mechanism connected to a rod that protrudes from a hole in the top center.  Various attachments can be added to the rod, which vibrates, rotates and may also stimulate the clitoris externally.

negative: Tea bag A tea bag is a small, porous sealed bag containing tea leaves and used with water for brewing the beverage called tea, or herbs or spices for brewing herbal teas (also known as "tisane"). Tea bags are commonly made of filter paper, silk or food grade plastic. The bag contains the tea leaves while the tea is steeped, making it easier to dispose of the leaves, and performs the same function as a tea infuser.

negative: Technological and industrial history of the United States The technological and industrial history of the United States describes the United States' emergence as one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world. The availability of land and literate labor, the absence of a landed aristocracy, the prestige of entrepreneurship, the diversity of climate and a large easily accessed upscale and literate free market all contributed to America's rapid industrialisation.

negative: Teledildonics Teledildonics (also known as "cyberdildonics") is real or fictional technology for remote sex (or, at least, remote mutual masturbation), where tactile sensations are communicated over a data link between the participants.

negative: Television A television, commonly referred to as TV, telly or the tube, is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting sound with moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), colour, or in three dimensions. It can refer to a television set, a television program, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, educational television, news and advertising .Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s.

negative: The Heroic Age of American Invention The Heroic Age of American Invention is a 1961 science book for children by L. Sprague de Camp, published by Doubleday.

negative: The Mothers of Invention The Mothers of Invention were an American rock band from California that served as the backing musicians for Frank Zappa. Their work is marked by the use of sonic experimentation, innovative album art, and elaborate live shows.Originally an R&B band called The Soul Giants, the band's original lineup included Ray Collins, David Coronado, Ray Hunt, Roy Estrada and Jimmy Carl Black.

negative: The Stolen Invention The Stolen Invention  is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company. The film focuses on John Deering, an inventor, whose invention interests Mr. Cobleigh. Deering rejects the small sum Cobleigh offers for the invention, so Cobleigh decides to drugs Deering. The effect of the drug makes him temporarily insane and Deering is sent to the asylum, Cobleigh than forges Deering's signature and secure the invention.

negative: Ticker tape Ticker tape was the earliest digital electronic communications medium, transmitting stock price information over telegraph lines, in use between around 1870 through 1970. It consisted of a paper strip that ran through a machine called a stock ticker, which printed abbreviated company names as alphabetic symbols followed by numeric stock transaction price and volume information.

negative: Timeline of United States discoveries Timeline of United States discoveries encompasses the breakthroughs of human thought and knowledge of new scientific findings, phenomena, places, things, and what was previously unknown to exist.

negative: Timeline of historic inventions The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions and the people who created the inventions.Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a more practical form.

negative: Tom Fowler (musician) Thomas W. Fowler (commonly referred to as Tom Fowler in credits, born June 10, 1951, in Salt Lake City, Utah) is named after a street that El Chivo lives on. He is an American bass guitarist and upright bassist. He has played with It's a Beautiful Day, Frank Zappa, The Mothers of Invention, Jean-Luc Ponty, Ray Charles, Steve Hackett, and many others.

negative: Torpedo (petroleum) A torpedo is an explosive device used, especially in the early days of the petroleum industry, to fracture the surrounding rock at the bottom of an oil well to stimulate the flow of oil and to remove built-up paraffin wax that would restrict the flow. Earlier torpedoes used gunpowder, but the use of nitroglycerin eventually became widespread. The development of hydraulic fracturing rendered torpedoes obsolete, and is the primary fracturing process used today.

negative: UBV photometric system UBV photometric system, also called the Johnson system (or Johnson-Morgan system), is a wide band photometric system for classifying stars according to their colors. It is the first known standardized photoelectric photometric system. The letters U, B, and V stand for ultraviolet, blue, and visual magnitudes, which are measured for a star in order to classify it in the UBV system.

negative: USable USable is a special idea contest to transfer US American ideas into practice in Germany. USable is initiated by the German Körber-Stiftung (foundation Körber). It is doted with 150,000 Euro and awarded every two years. All persons which know Germany and the USA from their own experience can take part in the contest. The nationality of the contestants does not matter.Usable/Mexico <requeriments for usable>

negative: United States patent law Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others from using a new technology.

negative: Urinary catheterization In urinary catheterization a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into a patient's bladder via the urethra. Catheterization allows the patient's urine to drain freely from the bladder for collection. It may be used to inject liquids used for treatment or diagnosis of bladder conditions. A clinician, often a nurse, usually performs the procedure, but self-catheterization is also possible.

negative: Venus 2000 Venus 2000 is a sexual stimulation tool for men. It is a masturbation aid with controllable strokes. The machine works with or without an erection.

negative: Vitascope Vitascope was an early film projector first demonstrated in 1895 by Charles Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat. They had made modifications to Jenkins patented "Phantoscope", which cast images via film & electric light onto a wall or screen. The Vitascope is a large electrically-powered projector that uses light to cast images. The images being cast are originally taken by the kinetoscope mechanism onto gelatin film.

negative: Walter Camp Walter Chauncey Camp (April 7, 1859 – March 14, 1925) was an American football player, coach, and sports writer known as the "Father of American Football". He invented the sport's line of scrimmage and the system of downs.  With John Heisman, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, Fielding H. Yost, and George Halas, Camp was one of the most accomplished persons in the early history of American football. He played college football at Yale College from 1876 to 1882.

negative: Waterphone A waterphone (also ocean harp or AquaSonic waterphone) is a type of inharmonic acoustic percussion instrument consisting of a stainless steel resonator bowl or pan with a cylindrical neck and bronze rods of different lengths and diameters around the rim of the bowl. The resonator may contain a small amount of water giving the waterphone a vibrant ethereal sound that has appeared in movie soundtracks, record albums, and live performances.

negative: Windscreen wiper A windscreen wiper or windshield wiper is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice and debris from a windscreen or windshield. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, train locomotives, watercraft with a cabin and some aircraft, are equipped with such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement.A wiper generally consists of a metal arm, pivoting at one end and with a long rubber blade attached to the other.

negative: Wood's glass Wood's glass is an optical filter glass invented in 1903 by American physicist Robert Williams Wood (1868–1955) which allows ultraviolet and infrared light  to pass through while blocking most visible light.  It was developed as a light filter used in communications during World War I.  His "invisible radiation" technique worked both in infrared daylight communication and ultraviolet night communications.

negative: Zip (file format) ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression. A .ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed. The .ZIP file format permits a number of compression algorithms, though DEFLATE is the most common. This format was originally created in 1989 by Phil Katz, and was first implemented in PKWARE, Inc.'s PKZIP utility, as a replacement for the previous ARC compression format by Thom Henderson.