query: Which companies work in the aerospace industry as well as on nuclear reactor technology?

positive: Areva Areva is a French multinational group specializing in nuclear and renewable energy headquartered in Paris La Défense. It is the world's largest nuclear company. Its nuclear technology business group was created by absorbing the nuclear business line of German company Siemens; it has developed the EPR, an advanced 3rd generation pressurized water nuclear reactor.The corporate name "Areva" is inspired by the Trappist Santa María la Real monastery in Arévalo in Spain.

positive: Atomics International Atomics International was a division of the North American Aviation company (later acquired by the Rockwell International company) which engaged principally in the early development of nuclear technology and nuclear reactors for both commercial and government applications.

positive: Curtiss-Wright The Curtiss-Wright Corporation is an American-based, global diversified product manufacturer and service provider for the commercial, industrial, defense  and energy markets. Born in 1929 from the consolidation of Curtiss, Wright, and various supplier companies, by the end of World War II it was the largest aircraft manufacturer in the United States, supplying whole aircraft in large numbers to the U.S. Armed Forces.

positive: GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) is a provider of advanced reactors and nuclear services.  It is located in Wilmington, N.C..  Established in June 2007, GEH is a global nuclear alliance created by General Electric and Hitachi. In Japan, the alliance is Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd.

positive: General Atomics General Atomics is a defense contractor headquartered in San Diego, California, specializing in nuclear physics. General Atomics' research into nuclear fission and nuclear fusion has also had bearing on related technologies, allowing the company to expand into other fields of research and manufacturing. General Atomics develops systems ranging from the nuclear fuel cycle to remotely operated surveillance aircraft, airborne sensors, advanced electric, electronic, wireless, and laser technologies.

positive: INVAP INVAP S.E. is an Argentine company that provides design, integration, construction and delivery of equipment, plants and devices. The company operates in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, and delivers projects for nuclear, aerospace, chemical, medical, petroleum and governmental sectors.INVAP was created in 1976, as a spin-off of the Argentine Atomic Energy Commission, research laboratories division.

positive: Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd. (JNFL) (日本原燃 Nihon Gennen) is a nuclear energy company based in Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture, Japan involved in the production of nuclear fuel, as well as the reprocessing, storage and disposal of nuclear waste.

positive: List of companies in the nuclear sector This is a list of all large companies which are active along the nuclear chain, from uranium mining, processing and enrichment, to the actual operating of nuclear power plant and waste processing.Other of notable nuclear power groups include American Nuclear Society (United States) Atomic Energy Commission of India (India) Atomic Energy of Canada Limited  (Canada) British Energy (United Kingdom) Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (Canada) Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Électricité de France (France) Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy Australia European Nuclear Education Network (Europe) EURATOM (Europe) Decarbonise SA (Australia) Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Russia) Institute of Nuclear Power Operations International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) National Atomic Energy Commission - CNEA (Argentina) Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa (South Africa) Nuclear Energy Institute (United States) Nuclear Industry Association (United Kingdom) Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and Pakistan Nuclear Society (Pakistan) Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Russia) United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (United Kingdom) Department of Energy (United States) World Nuclear Association (International)↑

positive: Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory that designed the actual bombs.

positive: National Development Complex The National Development Complex (NDC), is a defence and aerospace contractor and a division under the NESCOM. Founded in 1990 at the MoD, the NDC engaged in research and development in space-basedmissile systems and expanded its services towards developing the land-based weapons systems for the army as well as naval systems for the navy.

positive: Nuclear engineering Nuclear engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of the breakdown (fission) as well as the fusion of atomic nuclei and/or the application of other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics. In the sub-field of nuclear fission, it particularly includes the interaction and maintenance of systems and components like nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants, and/or nuclear weapons.

positive: Outline of nuclear technology The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nuclear technology:Nuclear technology – involves the reactions of atomic nuclei. Among the notable nuclear technologies are nuclear power, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. It has found applications from smoke detectors to nuclear reactors, and from gun sights to nuclear weapons.

positive: RBMK The RBMK (Russian: Реактор Большой Мощности Канальный Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalnyy, "High Power Channel-type Reactor") is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union.The RBMK is an early Generation II reactor and the oldest commercial reactor design still in wide operation.

positive: Rolls-Royce Holdings Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is a British multinational public holding company that, through its various subsidiaries, designs, manufactures and distributes power systems for aviation and other industries.  Rolls-Royce Holdings is headquartered in City of Westminster, London. It is the world’s second-largest maker of aircraft engines, and also has major businesses in the marine propulsion and energy sectors.

positive: TRIGA TRIGA is a class of small nuclear reactor designed and manufactured by General Atomics. The design team for TRIGA, which included Edward Teller, was led by the physicist Freeman Dyson. Dyson says it may be one of the few reactors that ever made a profit for the company that made it, and that many research hospitals have them. Seventy exist worldwide.TRIGA is the acronym of Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomic.

positive: Triumph Group Triumph Group, Inc. is an international supplier of aerospace components and systems.  Based in Berwyn, Pennsylvania, USA, Triumph engineers, designs, and manufactures aircraft components, systems and accessories.

negative: Active Space Technologies Active Space Technologies is a Portuguese company, with main offices in Portugal and Germany, headquartered in Coimbra, which offers products and services in the fields of thermo-mechanical engineering (thermal and structural analysis, design, manufacturing, and testing), electronics engineering (embedded systems, digital control), as well as management support services for technology transfer and development projects (project management, systems engineering, project coordination).

negative: Alkali-metal thermal to electric converter The alkali-metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC), originally called the sodium heat engine (SHE)  was invented by Joseph T. Kummer and Neill Weber at Ford in 1966, and is described in US Patents 3404036, 3458356, 3535163 and 4049877. It is a thermally regenerative electrochemical device for the direct conversion of heat to electrical energy.

negative: Aluminium Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon) in the Earth's crust, and the most abundant metal there. It makes up about 8% by weight of the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below.

negative: Army Nuclear Power Program The Army Nuclear Power Program (ANPP) was a program of the United States Army to develop small pressurized water and boiling water nuclear power reactors to generate electrical and space-heating energy primarily at remote, relatively inaccessible sites. The ANPP had several notable accomplishments, but ultimately it was considered to be "a solution in search of a problem." The U. S.

negative: Atmea Atmea is a joint venture between Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Areva that develops, markets, licenses and sells the ATMEA1 reactor, a new generation III+, medium-power  pressurized water reactor (PWR). The company is headquartered in Paris.

negative: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) is a Canadian federal Crown corporation and Canada's largest nuclear science and technology laboratory.  AECL developed the CANDU reactor technology starting in the 1950s, and in October 2011 licensed this technology to Candu Energy (a wholly owned subsidiary of SNC-Lavalin).Today AECL develops peaceful and innovative applications from nuclear technology through expertise in physics, metallurgy, chemistry, biology and engineering.

negative: BORAX experiments The BORAX Experiments were a series of safety experiments on boiling water nuclear reactors conducted by Argonne National Laboratory in the 1950s and 1960s at the National Reactor Testing Station in eastern Idaho. They were performed using the five BORAX reactors that were designed and built by Argonne. BORAX-III was the first nuclear reactor to supply electrical power to the grid in the United States in 1955.

negative: B Reactor The B Reactor at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington, USA, was the first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built. The project was commissioned to produce plutonium-239 by neutron activation as part of the Manhattan Project, the United States nuclear weapons development program during World War II. The B reactor was fueled with metallic natural uranium, graphite moderated, and water-cooled. It has been designated a U.S.

negative: Behavior of nuclear fuel during a reactor accident This page describes how uranium dioxide nuclear fuel behaves during both normal nuclear reactor operation and under reactor accident conditions such as overheating. Work in this area is often very expensive to conduct, and so has often been performed on a collaborative basis between groups of countries, usually under the aegis of the CSNI.

negative: Boeing The Boeing Company (/ˈboʊ.ɪŋ/) is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets and satellites. It also provides leasing and product support services. Boeing is among the largest global aircraft manufacturers, is the second-largest defense contractor in the world based on 2013 revenue, and is the largest exporter in the United States by dollar value.

negative: Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant The Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant (Persian: نیروگاه اتمی بوشهر) is a nuclear power plant in Iran 17 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the city of Bushehr, between the fishing villages of Halileh and Bandargeh along the Persian Gulf.Construction of the plant was started in 1975 by German companies, but the work was stopped in 1979 after the Islamic revolution of Iran. The site was repeatedly bombed during the Iran–Iraq war.

negative: CIRUS reactor CIRUS (Canadian-Indian Reactor, U.S.) was a research reactor at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) in Trombay near Mumbai, India. CIRUS was supplied by Canada in 1954, but used heavy water (deuterium oxide) supplied by the United States. It was the second nuclear reactor to be built in India.It was modeled on the Canadian Chalk River National Research X-perimental (NRX) reactor.  The 40 MW reactor used natural uranium fuel, while using heavy water as a moderator.

negative: Canadian Nuclear Association The Canadian Nuclear Association (CNA) was founded in 1960.  Its mission is to represent the nuclear industry in Canada.Located in Ottawa, Ontario, the CNA comprises over 100 member companies and organizations from across Canada as well as internationally.

negative: Candu Energy Inc. Candu Energy Inc. is a Canadian wholly owned subsidiary of Montreal-based SNC-Lavalin Inc., specializing in the design and supply of nuclear reactors, as well as nuclear reactor products and services.  Candu Energy Inc. was created in 2011 when parent company SNC-Lavalin purchased the commercial reactor division of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), along with the development and marketing rights to CANDU reactor technology.Candu Energy Inc. is located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

negative: Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide exists in the Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids.

negative: Chemical Automatics Design Bureau Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (CADB), also KB Khimavtomatika (Russian: Конструкторское бюро химавтоматики, КБХА, KBKhA) is a Russian Design Bureau founded by the NKAP (People’s Commissariat of the Aircraft Industry) in 1941 and led by Semyon Kosberg until his death in 1965. Its origin dates back to a 1940 Moscow carburetor factory, evacuated to Berdsk in 1941, and then relocated to Voronezh city in 1945, where it now operates.

negative: China National Nuclear Corporation The China National Nuclear Corporation  (CNNC; Chinese: 中国核工业集团公司; pinyin: Zhōngguó Hé Gōngyè Jítuán Gōngsī) is a state-owned entity founded in 1955 in Beijing. CNNC's president and vice-president are appointed by the Premier of the State Council. However the CNNC is a self-supporting economic corporation, not a government administrative body. It oversees all aspects of China's civilian and military nuclear programs.

negative: Commercialization Reactor Commercialization Reactor is an international technology commercialization platform tailor-made for R&D results originating from East European universities and institutes to bring innovation to the global market through the proven form of business start-ups.

negative: Core damage frequency Core damage frequency (CDF) is a term used in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) that indicates the likelihood of an accident that would cause damage to a nuclear reactor core. Core damage accidents are considered serious because damage to the core may prevent control of the nuclear reaction, which can lead to a nuclear meltdown.

negative: Electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and electric current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves.In electricity, charges produce electromagnetic fields which act on other charges.

negative: Energid Technologies Energid Technologies  is an engineering firm providing robotics   , machine vision, and remote controlsoftware. Its headquarters are in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It has regional presence in New York, New York; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Tucson, Arizona; Austin, Texas; and Chicago, Illinois. Energid also has an international presence in Bangalore, India. Energid Technologies develops tools for robotic applications in the aerospace, agriculture, transportation, defense, and medical industries.

negative: Energy In physics, energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms, but cannot be created or destroyed. The "ability of a system to perform work" is a common description, but it is difficult to give one single comprehensive definition of energy because of its many forms.

negative: Energy amplifier In nuclear physics, an energy amplifier is a novel type of nuclear power reactor, a subcritical reactor, in which an energetic particle beam is used to stimulate a reaction, which in turn releases enough energy to power the particle accelerator and leave an energy profit for power generation. The concept has more recently been referred to as an accelerator-driven system (ADS) or Accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor.

negative: Energy development Energy development is a field of endeavor focused on making available sufficient primary energy sources and secondary energy forms to meet the needs of society. These endeavors encompass those which provide for the production of conventional, alternative and renewable sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted.

negative: Engineering Engineering is the application of mathematics, empirical evidence and scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, design, build, maintain, research, and improve, structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, and processes.

negative: Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station The Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station is a nuclear power plant on the shore of Lake Erie near Monroe, in Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan on approximately 1,000 acres. All units of the plant are operated by the DTE Energy Electric Company and owned (100 percent) by parent company DTE Energy. It is approximately halfway between Detroit, Michigan, and Toledo, Ohio.

negative: Flibe Energy Flibe Energy is an American company that intends to design, construct and operate small modular reactors based on liquid fluoride thorium reactor (acronym LFTR; pronounced lifter) technology.

negative: Gaseous fission reactor A gas nuclear reactor (or gas fueled reactor) is a nuclear reactor in which the nuclear fuel is in a gaseous state rather than liquid or solid. In this type of reactor, the only temperature-limiting materials are the reactor walls. Conventional reactors have stricter limitations because the core would melt if the fuel temperature were to rise too high.

negative: General Electric General Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York.

negative: Generation IV reactor Generation IV reactors (Gen IV) are a set of nuclear reactor designs currently being researched for commercial applications, with depending on the particular design, Technology readiness levels varying between the level requiring a demonstration, to economical competitive implementation. Most of these designs, with the exception of the BN-1200 reactor, are generally not expected to be available for commercial construction before 2030-40.

negative: Georgia Tech Research Institute The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. GTRI employs around 1,765 people, and is involved in approximately $305 million in research annually for more than 200 clients in industry and government.Initially known as the Engineering Experiment Station, (EES) the organization was proposed in 1929 by W.

negative: High Flux Australian Reactor The High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR) was Australia's first nuclear reactor. It was built at the Australian Atomic Energy Commission (later ANSTO) Research Establishment at Lucas Heights.Based on the DIDO reactor at Harwell in the UK, HIFAR was cooled and moderated by heavy water, and the fuel was enriched uranium. There was also a graphite neutron reflector surrounding the core.

negative: Hydrogen-moderated self-regulating nuclear power module The hydrogen-moderated self-regulating nuclear power module (HPM), also referred to as the compact self-regulating transportable reactor (ComStar), is a new type of nuclear power reactor using hydride as a neutron moderator. The design is inherently safe, as the fuel and the neutron moderator is uranium hydride UH3, which is reduced at high temperatures (500-800° C) to uranium and hydrogen.

negative: IHI Corporation IHI Corporation (株式会社IHI, Kabushiki-gaisha IHI), formerly known as Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (石川島播磨重工業株式会社, Ishikawajima Harima Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha), is a Japanese company which produces ships, aircraft engines, turbochargers for automobiles, industrial machines, power station boilers and other facilities, suspension bridges and other transport-related machinery.IHI turbochargers, commonly used in passenger automobiles, are manufactured by Ishikawajima-Harima.

negative: Integral fast reactor The integral fast reactor (IFR, originally advanced liquid-metal reactor) is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron moderator (a "fast" reactor). IFR is distinguished by a nuclear fuel cycle that uses reprocessing via electrorefining at the reactor site.IFR development began in 1984 and the U.S. Department of Energy built a prototype, the Experimental Breeder Reactor II. On April 3, 1986, two tests demonstrated the inherent safety of the IFR concept.

negative: Ishrat Hussain Usmani Ishrat Hussain Usmani, DPhil, NI (Urdu: ڈاکٹر عشرت حيسن عتثمانى; 15 April 1917 – 17 June 1992), best known as Dr. I. H.

negative:
JINED The International Nuclear Energy Development of Japan Co., Ltd (JINED) (国際原子力開発株式会社, Kokusai Genshiryoku Kaihatsu Kabushiki-gaisha), headquartered in Tokyo, is a consortium of thirteen Japanese companies, with the prime purpose of "proposal and research activities for nuclear power plant project orders in emerging countries".The thirteen-member consortium was established on 22 October 2010, and its members consist of nine Japanese power companies (Tokyo Electric Power Co, Kansai, Chubu, Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku, Chugoku, Shikoku, and Kyushu), and three Japanese nuclear power-related manufacturers (Toshiba, Hitachi, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries). @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JINED?oldid=571610585> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/USS_Omaha_(LCS-12)> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> USS Omaha (LCS-12) will be an Independence-class littoral combat ship of the United States Navy. She will be the fourth ship to be named for Omaha, the largest city in Nebraska. The ceremonial “laying of the keel” was on 18 February 2015, at Mobile, Alabama.

negative: KAMINI KAMINI (Kalpakkam Mini reactor) is a research reactor at Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research in Kalpakkam, India. Its first criticality was on October 29, 1996. It produces 30 kW of thermal energy at full power.KAMINI is cooled and moderated by light water, and fueled with uranium-233 metal produced by the irradiation of thorium in other reactors.

negative: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) in Daejeon, South Korea was established in 1959 as the sole professional research-oriented institute for nuclear power in South Korea, and has rapidly built a reputation for research and development in various fields. In 1995 KAERI designed and constructed the nation's first multipurpose research reactor, HANARO based on the Canadian MAPLE design. KAERI is dedicated to finding a wide range of uses for atomic energy.

negative: Lead Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. Lead has a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is melted into a liquid.

negative: List of nuclear reactors This is an annotated list of all the nuclear reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. The list includes military, commercial and research reactors, excludes nuclear marine propulsion reactors, except those at land installations.

negative: Lucens reactor The Lucens reactor at Lucens, Vaud, Switzerland, was a small pilot nuclear reactor destroyed by an accident in 1969.In 1962 the construction of a Swiss-designed pilot nuclear power plant began. The heavy-water moderated, carbon dioxide gas-cooled, reactor was built in an underground cavern and produced 30 megawatts of heat (which was used to generate 8.3 megawatts of electricity). It became critical in 1966 and the plant was decommissioned in 1988.

negative: MERLIN reactor MERLIN reactor was a 10MWt pool-type research reactor at Aldermaston Court, Aldermaston, Berkshire, England which operated from 6 November 1959 until 1962.It was privately owned and operated by Associated Electrical Industries. It was opened by Prince Philip on 6 November 1959.

negative: MKER The MKER (Russian: МКЭР, Многопетлевой Канальный Энергетический Реактор: Mnogopetlevoy Kanalynyi Energeticheskiy Reaktor, translation: multi-loop pressure tube power reactor), is a development of the RBMK nuclear power reactor. It is a Russian third generation nuclear reactor design.

negative: MOATA Moata was a 100 kW thermal Argonaut class reactor located at Lucas Heights near Sydney, Australia.  Moata went critical at 5:50am on 10 April 1961 and ended operations on 31 May 1995. The reactor was shut down as it was no longer possible, after 34 years, to economically justify its continued operations. It was one of a group of reactors that were designed in the mid 1950s, in the USA by the Argonne National Laboratory.

negative: MYRRHA The MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) is a "first of its kind" design project of a nuclear reactor coupled to a proton accelerator (a so-called Accelerator-driven system (ADS)).  MYRRHA will be a lead-cooled fast reactor with two possible configurations: sub-critical or critical.The project is managed by SCK•CEN, the Belgium center for nuclear energy research.

negative: Machine (mechanical) Machines employ power to achieve desired forces and movement (motion).  A machine has a power source and actuators that generate forces and movement, and a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement.

negative: Marcoule Nuclear Site Marcoule Nuclear Site (French: Site nucléaire de Marcoule) is a nuclear plant in the Chusclan and Codolet communes, near Bagnols-sur-Cèze in the Gard department of France, which is in the tourist, wine and agricultural Côtes-du-Rhône region. The plant is around 25 km north west of Avignon, on the banks of the Rhone.Operational since 1956, Marcoule is a gigantic site run by the atomic energy organization Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) and Areva NC and is known as CEA VALRHO Marcoule.

negative: Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II and the Cold War.

negative: Military The military, also called the armed forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state.

negative: Miniature neutron source reactor The Chinese built Miniature Neutron Source reactor (MNSR) is a small and compact research reactor copied from the Canadian HEU SLOWPOKE-2 design.The MNSR is tank-in-pool type, with highly enriched fuel (~ 90% U235 ). The tank is immersed in a large pool, and the core is, in turn, immersed in the tank. The maximum nominal power is ~ 30 kW, the power being removed by natural convection.

negative: Mitsubishi APWR This article is about the Mitsubishi Heavy Industry's design. For the Westinghouse AP series, see AP1000.The Mitsubishi advanced pressurized water reactor (APWR) is a  generation III nuclear reactor developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries based on pressurized water reactor technology.  It features several design enhancements including a neutron reflector, improved efficiency and improved safety systems.

negative: Mitsubishi FBR Systems Mitsubishi FBR Systems, Inc. (MFBR) is a company formed on July 1, 2007 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to develop Fast breeder reactor technology.  The establishment of the company was based on the April 2007 decision by the Japanese government to select Mitsubishi as the core company for FBR development.

negative: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (三菱重工業株式会社, Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-kaisha, informally MHI) is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment, and electronics company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.MHI's products include aerospace components, air conditioners, aircraft, automotive components, forklift trucks, hydraulic equipment, machine tools, missiles, power generation equipment, ships, and space launch vehicles.

negative: NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science.

negative: NuScale Power NuScale Power is a private limited liability company headquartered in Portland, Oregon that designs and markets small modular reactors (SMRs).  As of 2014, the Department of Energy projected its technology would be commercially available around the year 2025.NuScale was founded based on research funded by the Department of Energy from 2000 to 2003. After funding was cut, scientists with the program obtained related patents in 2007 and started NuScale to commercialize the technology.

negative: Nuclear Fuel Complex The Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) was established in 1971 as a major industrial unit of India's Department of Atomic Energy, for the supply of nuclear fuel bundles and reactor core components.  It is a unique facility where natural and enriched uranium fuel, zirconium alloy cladding and reactor core components are manufactured under one roof.Natural uranium, mined at Jaduguda Uranium Mine in the Singhbhum area of Jharkhand state, is converted into nuclear fuel assemblies.

negative: Nuclear Power Demonstration Nuclear Power Demonstration (or NPD) was the first Canadian nuclear power reactor, and the prototype for the CANDU reactor design.  Built by Canadian General Electric (now GE Canada), in partnership with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and Ontario Hydro (now Ontario Power Generation), it consisted of a single 22 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) unit located in Rolphton, Ontario, not far from AECL's Chalk River Laboratories.

negative: Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980 Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. § 9701, established nuclear safety policy for nuclear power plants supplying electric energy and electricity generation within the United States. The Act authorized a five year demonstration program simulating conditions with light water nuclear reactors for the observation of control monitoring and phases of operation for nuclear reactor cores. The U.S.

negative: Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (原子力安全・保安院, Genshiryoku Anzen Hoanin) was a Japanese nuclear regulatory and oversight branch of the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). It was created in 2001 during the 2001 Central Government Reform.  It has a main office in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo that works with the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission as well as providing other functions.  It also has regional offices.

negative: Nuclear lightbulb A nuclear lightbulb is a hypothetical type of spacecraft engine using a fission reactor to achieve nuclear propulsion. Specifically it would be a type of gas core reactor rocket that separates nuclear fuel from coolant/propellant with a quartz wall. It would be operated at such high temperature (approx. 25,000°C) that the vast majority of the electromagnetic emissions would be in the hard ultraviolet range.

negative: Nuclear power Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power station. The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion.

negative: Nuclear power debate The nuclear power debate is a controversy about the deployment and use of nuclear fission reactors to generate electricity from nuclear fuel for civilian purposes.  The debate about nuclear power peaked during the 1970s and 1980s, when it "reached an intensity unprecedented in the history of technology controversies", in some countries.

negative: Nuclear power in China As of September 2014, the People's Republic of China has 21 nuclear power reactors operating on 8 separate sites and 28 under construction. Additional reactors are planned, providing 58 GWe of capacity by 2020. China's National Development and Reform Commission has indicated the intention to raise the percentage of China's electricity produced by nuclear power from the current 2% to 6% by 2020 (compared to 20% in the USA and 74% in France).

negative: Nuclear power in Russia In 2012 total electricity generated in nuclear power plants in Russia was 177.3 TWh, 17.78% of all power generation. The installed gross capacity of Russian nuclear reactors stood at 25,242 MW.The Russian energy strategy of 2003 set a policy priority for reduction in natural gas based power supply, aiming to achieve this through a doubling of nuclear power generation by 2020.

negative: Nuclear power in South Korea The total electrical generation capacity of the nuclear power plants of South Korea is 20.5 GWe from 23 reactors. This is 22% of South Korea's total electrical generation capacity, but 29% of total electrical consumption. The South Korean nuclear power sector once maintained capacity factors of over 95%.South Korea did have plans for continued expansion, to increase nuclear's share of generation to 60% by 2035.

negative: Nuclear power in the United Kingdom Nuclear power generates around one sixth of the United Kingdom's electricity, using 16 operational nuclear reactors at nine plants (14 advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGR), one pressurised water reactor (PWR), and one Magnox), as well as a nuclear reprocessing plant at Sellafield.The United Kingdom established the world’s first civil nuclear programme, opening a nuclear power station, Calder Hall at Windscale, England, in 1956.

negative: Nuclear power in the United States Nuclear power in the United States is provided by 99 commercial reactors with a net summer capacity of 98,621 megawatts (MW), consisting of 65 pressurized water reactors and 34 boiling water reactors, producing a total of 797 terawatt-hours of electricity, which accounted for 19.47% of the nation's total electric energy generation in 2014. As of 2015, there are five new reactors under construction with a gross electrical capacity of 6,218 MW, while 33 reactors have been permanently shut down.

negative: Nuclear reactor This article is a subarticle of Nuclear power.A nuclear reactor, formerly known as atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for electricity generation and in propulsion of ships. Heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid (water or gas), which runs through turbines. These either drive a ship's propellers or turn electrical generators.

negative: Nuclear reactor physics Nuclear reactor physics is the branch of science that deals with the study and application of chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of fission in a nuclear reactor for the production of energy.Most nuclear reactors use a chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of nuclear fission in fissile material, releasing both energy and free neutrons.

negative: Nuclear safety and security Nuclear safety and security covers the actions taken to prevent nuclear and radiation accidents or to limit their consequences. This covers nuclear power plants as well as all other nuclear facilities, the transportation of nuclear materials, and the use and storage of nuclear materials for medical, power, industry, and military uses.The nuclear power industry has improved the safety and performance of reactors, and has proposed new and safer reactor designs.

negative: Nuclear safety in the United States Nuclear safety in the U.S. is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the U.S. except for of nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels.The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety.

negative: Nuclear technology Nuclear technology is technology that involves the reactions of atomic nuclei. Among the notable nuclear technologies are nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine and nuclear weapons. It is also used, among other things, in smoke detectors and gun sights.

negative: Nukem Technologies Nukem Technologies GmbH is a nuclear engineering and consulting company managing radioactive waste and spent fuel, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The company is located in Alzenau, Germany. It was established in 2006 as a subsidiary of Nukem Energy.  On 14 December 2009, Nukem Technologies was sold to Russian Atomstroyexport for €23.5 million.Nukem Technologies builds the interim used fuel storage facility and the solid waste facility for the closed Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant.

negative: OKBM Afrikantov OKBM Afrikantov (full name: OAO I. I. Afrikantov OKB Mechanical Engineering, Russian: Опытное конструкторское бюро машиностроения им. И. И. Африкантова) is a nuclear engineering company located in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It is a subsidiary of Rosatom.

negative: Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant The Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant (Finnish: Olkiluodon ydinvoimalaitos) is on Olkiluoto Island, which is on the shore of the Gulf of Bothnia in the municipality of Eurajoki in western Finland. It is one of Finland's two nuclear power plants, the other being the two-unit VVER Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant.  The plant is owned and operated by Teollisuuden Voima (TVO), a subsidiary of Pohjolan Voima.The Olkiluoto plant consists of two Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) with 860 MWe each.

negative: Outline of nuclear power The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nuclear power:Nuclear power – the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity.

negative: Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor The Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor or (PARR), are the three nuclear and two experimental neutron sources located in the PINSTECH Laboratory, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan. The PARR Reactor is a graphite-moderated, Gas Cooled, nuclear reactor.It is a type of Very high temperature reactor (VHTR), Thermal-neutron reactor and Pool-type reactor. The research reactors consists of three small nuclear reactors.

negative: R1 (nuclear reactor) R1 was the first nuclear reactor of Sweden. It was a research reactor located at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) campus at Valhallavägen in central Stockholm, in the rock beneath the current-day Q buildings. The reactor was active from July 13, 1954 to June 6, 1970. The reactor was dismantled, and there is nothing left of it today; the reactor hall however still exists.The capacity of the reactor was originally 300 kW but was later increased to 1 MW.

negative: Radioactive waste Radioactive wastes are wastes that contain radioactive material. Radioactive wastes are usually by-products of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine.

negative: Research reactor Research reactors are nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source. They are also called non-power reactors, in contrast to power reactors that are used for electricity production, heat generation, or maritime propulsion.

negative: Russian floating nuclear power station Floating nuclear power stations (Russian: плавучая атомная теплоэлектростанция малой мощности, ПАТЭС ММ - lit. floating combined heat and power low-power nuclear station) are vessels projected by Rosatom that present self-contained, low-capacity, floating nuclear power plants. The stations are to be mass-built at shipbuilding facilities and then towed to the destination point in coastal waters near a city, a town or an industrial enterprise.

negative: SAFARI-1 SAFARI-1 is a 20 MW light water-cooled, beryllium reflected, pool-type research reactor, initially used for high level nuclear physics research programmes and was commissioned in 1965.The reactor is owned and operated by South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA) at their facility in Pelindaba, South Africa.The reactor is a tank in pool type reactor and is designed to run on enriched uranium.  Currently the fuel in use is the remains of the decommissioned South African nuclear weapons.

negative: Science and technology in China In recent decades science and technology have developed rapidly in China. The Chinese government has placed emphasis through funding, reform, and societal status on science and technology as a fundamental part of the socio-economic development of the country as well as for national prestige.

negative: Science and technology in Russia Science and technology in Russia developed rapidly since the Age of Enlightenment, when Peter the Great founded the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov founded the Moscow State University, establishing a strong native tradition in learning and innovation.In the 19th and 20th centuries the country produced a large number of notable scientists, making important contributions into physics, astronomy, mathematics, computing, chemistry, biology, geology and geography.

negative: Siemens Siemens AG (German pronunciation: [ˈziːmɛns]) is a German multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Berlin and Munich. It is the largest engineering company in Europe. The principal divisions of the company are Industry, Energy, Healthcare, and Infrastructure & Cities, which represent the main activities of the company.

negative: South African Nuclear Energy Corporation The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) was established as a public company by the Republic of South Africa Nuclear Energy Act in 1999 and is wholly owned by the State. The name is correctly indicated above, although the sequence of letters in the acronym may be taken as suggesting that the name should be the "Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa".Necsa replaced the country's Atomic Energy Corporation.

negative: State-owned enterprise A state-owned enterprise (SOE) otherwise known as a: state-owned company, state-owned entity, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, government business enterprise, crown corporation, government-owned corporation, commercial government agency, public sector undertaking, or parastatal is a legal entity that undertakes commercial activities on behalf of an owner government.

negative: Steel Steels are alloys of iron and other elements, primarily carbon, widely used in construction and other applications because of their high tensile strengths and low costs. Carbon, other elements, and inclusions within iron act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of dislocations that otherwise occur in the crystal lattices of iron atoms.The carbon in typical steel alloys may contribute up to 2.1% of its weight.

negative: Submarine A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term most commonly refers to a large, crewed, autonomous vessel. It is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub.

negative: Thorium-based nuclear power Thorium-based nuclear power is nuclear reactor-based electrical power generation fueled primarily by the nuclear fission of the isotope uranium-233 produced from the fertile element thorium.  According to proponents, a thorium fuel cycle offers several potential advantages over a uranium fuel cycle—including much greater abundance on Earth, superior physical and nuclear fuel properties, and reduced nuclear waste production. However, development of thorium power has significant start-up costs.

negative: Toshiba Toshiba Corporation (株式会社東芝, Kabushiki-gaisha Tōshiba, English /tɵˈʃiːbə/) (commonly referred to as Toshiba, stylized as TOSHIBA) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

negative: Tri Alpha Energy, Inc. Tri Alpha Energy, Inc. (TAE) is an American company based in Foothill Ranch, Lake Forest, California, created for the development of aneutronic fusion power. The company was founded in 1998 by plasma physicists Norman Rostoker from the University of California, Irvine and Hendrik J. Monkhorst from the University of Florida, as a University spin-off based on their scientific work about the Colliding Beam Fusion Reactor (CBFR).

negative: United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority is a UK government research organisation responsible for the development of nuclear fusion power. It is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.On its formation in 1954, the authority was responsible for the UK's entire nuclear program, both civil and defence, as well as the policing of nuclear sites.

negative: United States Department of Energy The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material. Its responsibilities include the nation's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy conservation, energy-related research, radioactive waste disposal, and domestic energy production.

negative: United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is currently the largest, most powerful navy in the world, with the highest combined battle fleet tonnage.  The U.S. Navy has the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, four in the reserve fleet, and three new class carriers under construction.

negative: Uranium Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the 6 naturally known isotopes, uranium-233 to uranium-238, varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years).

negative: VBER-300 The VBER-300  is a proposed compact Russian pressurized water reactor of 300-MWe or more generating capacity designed for remote locations.  In particular, it has been proposed for use on the Russian floating nuclear power station (two reactors on a 49,000-tonne barge).The reactor has been proposed for use in water desalination as well as for electrical generation.The VBER-300 would use VVER-type fuel.It was developed by OKBM Afrikantov in cooperation with Kurchatov Institute.

negative: VVER-TOI The VVER-TOI or WWER-TOI is a design for a two-unit nuclear power plant.  It would use VVER-1300/510 water pressurized reactors constructed to  meet  modern nuclear and radiation safety requirements.According to the results of the President Committee session for upgrading and development of the Russian economy of July 22, 2009, the President of the Russian Federation set out the task for the nuclear industry of optimizing VVER operational characteristics as a priority.

negative: VVER The Water-Water Energetic Reactor (VVER), or WWER (from Russian: Водо-водяной энергетический реактор; transliterates as Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reaktor; Water-Water Power Reactor) is a series of pressurised water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union, and now Russia, by OKB Gidropress. Power output ranges from 300 MWe to 1700 MWe with the latest Russian development of the design.

negative: Westinghouse Electric Company Westinghouse Electric Company LLC is a US based nuclear power company offering nuclear products and services to utilities internationally, including nuclear fuel, service and maintenance, instrumentation, control and design of nuclear plants. As of 2014 Westinghouse builds and operates approximately one-half of the world's operating nuclear plants. Westinghouse's world headquarters are located in the Pittsburgh suburb of Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania.

negative: World Nuclear Association The World Nuclear Association (WNA) is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports the many companies that comprise the global nuclear industry.

negative: Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center The Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center is North Korea's major nuclear facility, operating its first nuclear reactors. It is located in the county of Nyŏngbyŏn in North Pyong'an Province, about 90 km north of Pyongyang. The center produced the fissile material for North Korea's nuclear weapon tests in 2006 and 2009, and since 2009 is developing indigenous light water reactor nuclear power station technology.

negative: ZEEP The ZEEP (Zero Energy Experimental Pile) reactor was a nuclear reactor built at the Chalk River Laboratories near Chalk River, Ontario, Canada (which superseded the Montreal Laboratory for nuclear research in Canada).  ZEEP first went critical at 3:45 PM, September 5, 1945.