query: olympic classes dinghy sailing

positive: 18 foot dinghy The 18 foot Dinghy was used in the 1920 Summer Olympics as a double handed Olympic class. One team was present at the starting line and won the gold. Three races were scheduled, with final places decided by total points with point-for-place scoring for each race. Only one race was sailed and the gold medalist who scored did not finish!

positive: 29erXX The 29erXX is a high performance sailing skiff, it was designed to allow light crews, particularly female crews, to sail twin trapeze boats and as a training boat for the more powerful 49er. The class gained International Sailing Federation Class status in May 2011, but lost it in 2014.

positive: 420 (dinghy) The International 420 Class Dinghy is a double-handed (2 crew) monohull planing dinghy with centreboard, bermuda rig and centre sheeting. The name describes the overall length of the boat in centimetres (the boat is exactly 4.2 metres long). The hull is fibreglass with internal buoyancy tanks. The 420 is equipped with spinnaker and optional trapeze, making teamwork necessary to sail it well. It has a large sail-area-to-weight ratio, and is designed to plane easily.

positive: 470 (dinghy) The 470 (Four-Seventy) is a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, and centre sheeting. The name is the overall length of the boat in centimetres (i.e., the boat is 4.70 metres long).  The hull is fibreglass with integral buoyancy tanks. The 470 is equipped with spinnaker and trapeze, making teamwork necessary to sail it well.

positive: 49er (dinghy) The 49er and 49er FX is a two-handed skiff-type high-performance sailing dinghy. The two crew work on different roles with the helm making many tactical decisions, as well as steering, and the crew doing most of the sail control. Both of the crew are equipped with their own trapeze and sailing is handled while "flying".The 49er was designed by Julian Bethwaite, the son of Frank Bethwaite, designer of the Tasar and the popular Laser 2 classes.

positive: Australian Sharpie The Australian Sharpie is a 3-person sailing dinghy which has evolved from the 12-square-metre class sailed in the 1956 Olympics in  Melbourne, Australia.  Australian Sharpies are 19 feet, 11 3⁄4 inches long, with a planing hull and a single mast.  Sharpies race with a fully battened mainsail, a jib and a spinnaker.They are sailed competitively in all six Australian states.  The Australian Sharpie National Titles is run as a carnival each year rotating from state to state.

positive: Delta Lloyd Regatta Delta Lloyd Regatta is an annual sailing regatta in Medemblik, the Netherlands. It hosts the Olympic and Paralympic classes.It is part of the 2015 EUROSAF Champions Sailing Cup.

positive: Dinghy sailing Dinghy sailing is the activity of sailing small boats by using five essential controls: the sails the foils (i.e. the daggerboard or centreboard and rudder and sometimes lifting foils as found on the Moth). the trim (forward/rear angle of the boat in the water) side to side balance of the dinghy by hiking or movement of the crew, particularly in windy weather "\move fast or swim").

positive: Dragon (keelboat) The Dragon is a one-design keelboat designed by Norwegian Johan Anker in 1929. In 1948 the Dragon became an Olympic Class, a status it retained until the Munich Olympics in 1972. The Dragon's long keel and elegant metre-boat lines remain unchanged, but today Dragons are constructed using the latest technology to make the boat durable and easy to maintain.

positive: Europe (dinghy) The Europe is a one-person dinghy designed in Belgium in 1960 by Alois Roland as a class legal Moth dinghy. The design later changed into its own one-design class.The dinghy is ideal for sailors weighing 50–75 kilos. The hull is made of fibre glass and weighs 45 kg, fully rigged 60 kg. The dinghy is tapering in the stem and round in the bottom. The sail is made of dacron. The mast is made of carbon fibre and specially designed to the sailor.

positive: Finn (dinghy) The Finn dinghy is the men's single-handed, cat-rigged Olympic class for sailing. It was designed by Swedish canoe designer, Rickard Sarby, in 1949 for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.  Since the 1952 debut of the boat, the design has been in every summer Olympics, making it one of the most prolific Olympic sailboats as it is the longest serving dinghy in the Olympic Regatta. It currently fills the slot for the Heavyweight Dinghy at the Olympic games.

positive: Firefly (dinghy) The Firefly is a two-sail, one design, wooden or GRP sailing dinghy with no spinnaker, designed by Uffa Fox in 1938. The first four boats from the production line were named Fe, Fi, Fo and Fum. Number one, Fe, is now owned by the National Maritime Museum Cornwall. Although designed as a double hander, it was selected as the single handed class for the 1948 Olympics but was subsequently replaced by the Finn class.

positive: Flying Dutchman (dinghy) The Flying Dutchman (FD) is a 20-foot one-design high-performance two-person monohull racing dinghy. Developed in the early 1950s, its large sail area per unit weight allow it to plane easily when sailing upwind. The boat utilizes a trapeze harness for the crew and hiking straps for the skipper to counterbalance the wind force on its sails.  It made its Olympic debut at the 1960 Olympics Games.The FD is still one of the fastest racing dinghies in the world.

positive: Flying Junior The International Flying Junior or FJ is a sailing dinghy which was originally designed in 1955 in the Netherlands by renowned boat designer Van Essen and Olympic sailor Conrad Gülcher. The FJ was built to serve as a training boat for the then Olympic-class Flying Dutchman. The FJ has a beam of "'11\ and an overall sail area of 100 square feet (9.3 m2).

positive: Hans Fogh Hans Marius Fogh (8 March 1938 – 14 March 2014) was one of the most successful competitive sailors in history, with dozens of national and international championships and in many different classes, including two Olympic medals.

positive: International Sailing Federation The International Sailing Federation (ISAF) is recognized by the International Olympic Committee as the world governing body for the sport of sailing yacht racing. Sailing is a very diverse sport. Competitive sailing takes place in or with many different types of boats including dinghies, windsurfers, multihulls, keelboats (see also sailing yachts), kitesurfing and radio controlled sailing boats.

positive: Laser (dinghy) The International Laser Class sailboat, also called Laser Standard and the Laser One is a popular one-design class of small sailing dinghy. According to the Laser Class Rules the boat may be sailed by either one or two people, though it is rarely sailed by two.  The design, by Bruce Kirby, emphasizes simplicity and performance.

positive: Laser Radial The Laser Radial is a popular one-design class of small sailing dinghy, originally built by Laser Performance. It is a singlehanded boat, meaning that it is sailed by one person. The Laser Radial is a variant of the Laser Standard, with shorter mast and reduced sail area, allowing light sailors to sail in heavy winds. The International Class is recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

positive: Nathan Wilmot Nathan Wilmot (born 13 December 1979) is a sailor, and a member of the Australian sailing team. He has won five world titles along with teammate Malcolm Page in the 470 class. They also won the Olympic test event in Qingdao in 2007 and were considered favourites to win the 470 event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In the Beijing Olympic games they won convincingly on points leading into the medal race which they only had to finish to win first place.

positive: Olympic sailing classes The Olympic sailing classes were used in the sport of Sailing/Yachting during the Olympic Summer Games since 1896. Since then, 46 different classes have been used.

positive: Sailing Sailing is combined wind propulsion by means of sails and steering of a craft on water, ice or land. A sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails by adjusting their angle with respect to the moving sailing craft and sometimes by adjusting the sail area.

positive: Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – 18' Dinghy The 18' Dinghy was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics program in Ostend. Four races were scheduled. 2 sailors, on 1 boats, from 1 nation entered.

positive: Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 1924 consisted of a total of three sailing classes (disciplines). For each of the classes the event an elimination round, semi-finals and finals were scheduled. The French National Monotype 1924 was on the program from 10 to 13 July.

positive: Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly 1916, sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The sailing program of 1976 consisted of six sailing classes (disciplines). For each class, seven races were scheduled from 19 July 1976 to 27 July 1976 off the coast of Kingston, Ontario, on Lake Ontario. The sailing was done on the triangular-type Olympic courses.

positive: Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Finn The Finn was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics program in Tallinn, USSR. The Finn dinghy is the men's single-handed, cat-rigged Olympic class for sailing.  Seven races were scheduled; 21 sailors, on 21 boats, from 21 nations competed.

positive: Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 1996 consisted of a total of ten sailing classes (disciplines). For each class, with the exception of the Soling, eleven races were scheduled from July 22 to August 2, 1996 of the coast of Savannah at the Wassaw Sound (an area of the Atlantic Ocean).

positive: Sailing at the Summer Olympics Sailing (also known as yachting until 1996) has been one of the Olympic sports since the Games of the I Olympiad, held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. Despite being scheduled in the first Olympic program, the races were canceled due to severe weather conditions. Apart from the 1904 Summer Olympics, sailing has been present in every edition of the Olympic Games.

positive: Sharpie (boat) For the Australian racing dinghy see: Australian SharpieSharpies are a type of hard chined sailboat with a flat bottom, extremely shallow draft, centreboards and straight, flaring sides. They are believed to have originated in the New Haven, Connecticut region of Long Island Sound, United States. They were traditional fishing boats used for oystering, and later appeared in other areas. With centerboards and shallow balanced rudders they are well suited to sailing in shallow tidal waters.

positive: Tetsuya Matsunaga Tetsuya Matsunaga (松永 鉄也, Matsunaga Tetsuya, born April 15, 1979 in Kyoto) is a Japanese sailor, who specialized in two-person dinghy (470) class. He represented Japan, along with his partner Taro Ueno, at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and has also been training for Three Bond Sailing Team in Kyoto throughout most of his sporting career under his longtime coach and mentor Kenji Nakamura.

negative: 12 foot dinghy The International Twelve Foot Dinghy was designed by George Cockshott, an amateur boat designer from Southport, over a century ago. It became the first one-design racing dinghy to achieve international recognition.

negative: 505 (dinghy) The International 505 is a one-design high-performance two-person monohull planing centreboard dinghy, with spinnaker, using a trapeze for the crew.  While it is a high-performance boat and demanding in a blow, the 505 is an extraordinarily well-handling craft and is easier to control than many smaller trapeze boats.The genesis of the class began in 1953 with the creation of the 18-foot 'Coronet' dinghy designed by John Westell.

negative: Anna Tunnicliffe Anna Tunnicliffe (born October 17, 1982) is an American sailor and world-class competitor in the women's single-handed (the Laser Radial) and CrossFit competitor. As a member of the 2008 US Olympic team she won a gold medal in the Women's Laser Radial class.In 2008, she also placed second at the women's world championship of the snipe class held in Roquetas de Mar (Spain). In 2009 and 2011, she won the ISAF Sailing World Cup in Laser Radial.

negative: Ben Ainslie Sir Charles Benedict Ainslie, CBE (born 5 February 1977), best known as Ben Ainslie, is a British, English competitive sailor.

negative: Byte (dinghy) The Byte is a small one-design sailing dinghy sailed by one person. It was designed by Canadian Ian Bruce, who also commissioned and marketed the Laser.

negative: Contender (dinghy) The International Contender is a single-handed high performance sailing dinghy, designed by Bob Miller, latterly known as Ben Lexcen, (Australia) in 1967 as a possible successor to the Finn dinghy for Olympic competition. The Contender is recognized as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation, the governing body of sail boat racing, which administers the class rules.

negative: Cowan Lake Sailing Association Cowan Lake Sailing Association (CLSA) is a yacht club based at the Cowan Lake State Park in Clinton County, Ohio The club is primarily devoted to one-design racing in the following classes:  Flying Scot, Thistle, Highlander, Lightning, MC Scow, Snipe, 420, Laser, and Optimist. During the sailing season of April through October, CLSA runs 65 scheduled races on Sundays and national holidays plus approximately 30 special events and regattas.

negative: Dinghy A dinghy (or dingey) is a type of small boat, often carried or towed for use as a ship's boat by a larger vessel. It is a loanword from the Bengali ḍiṅgi, Urdu ḍīngī & Hindi ḍieṁgī.  Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor, but while some are rigged for sailing, they are not to be confused with sailing dinghies which are designed first and foremost for this purpose.

negative: Dinghy racing Dinghy racing is the competitive sport of sailing dinghies. Dinghy racing has affected aspects of the modern dinghy, including hull design, sail materials and sailplan, and techniques such as planing and trapezing.

negative: Emilia Tsoulfa Emilia Tsoulfa (Greek: Αιμιλία Τσούλφα; born 15 May 1973 in Athens) is a Greek sailing champion.She has participated in over 470 main class events including 2004 Olympic Sailing Competition, where she won gold medal in the women's double-handed dinghy event in the 470 with her pair Sofia Bekatorou (Greece). She has also participated in the 1996 Olympic Sailing Competition in Atlanta, being at the time the first female Greek sailor at the Olympic Games.

negative: Enterprise (dinghy) The Enterprise is a two-man sloop-rigged hiking sailing dinghy with distinctive blue sails. Despite being one of the older classes of dinghies, it remains popular in the United Kingdom and about a dozen other countries, and is used for both cruising and racing. It has a combination of size, weight, and power which appeals to all ages, and to sailing schools.  The Enterprise is accredited as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation, the ISAF.

negative: Fireball (dinghy) Originally designed by Peter Milne in 1962, the Fireball is a one-design high-performance sailing dinghy. The Fireball is sailed by a crew of two, and sports a single trapeze, symmetric spinnaker and chined hull. The class is strictly controlled, but has adapted to advances in building techniques. The hulls (plywood, FRP or composite) have a strict minimum weight limit of 175 lb (79 kg) (with correctors).

negative: Fredrik Lööf Max Emil Fredrik Lööf (born 13 December 1969 in Kristinehamn, Sweden) is a Swedish professional sailor who has participated in six Summer Olympics, winning one gold and two bronze medals. He won the gold medal in Star with Max Salminen at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the bronze medals in Finn in the 2000 Summer Olympics and with Anders Ekström in Star in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

negative: French National Monotype 1924 For the 1924 Olympic Monotype sailing a National Dinghy Class from France was used. Some documents refer to this class as the Meulan and in France as Monotype national. It might originate (or vice versa) as the Scheldejol a Class originated in Antwerp, Belgium and also used in The Netherlands but is a little different at certain measurements. At least more sail area, including a spinnaker and a 10 cm more beam.

negative: Garda Trentino Olympic Week Garda Trentino Olympic Week is an annual sailing regatta in Riva del Garda, Italy. It hosts the Olympic and Paralympic classes.It is part of the 2015 EUROSAF Champions Sailing Cup.

negative: Graham Biehl Graham Porter Biehl (born August 31, 1986 in San Diego, California) is an American sailor.In 2003, in Moscow (Russia), he won the Junior World Championship of the Snipe class as a crew of Mikee Anderson-Mitterling, who was elected ICSA College Sailor of the Year in 2005. They were the second American team in history to do so, after Steve Bloemke and Gregg Morton in 1982.Afterwards, he specialized in the 470 class.

negative: ISO (dinghy) ISO is a former International Sailing Federation (ISAF) class of two-person sailing dinghy with a trapeze and a spinnaker.

negative: International 14 The International 14 is 14-foot double-handed racing dinghy. The class originated in England in the early part of the 20th century. It is sailed and raced in many countries around the world and was one of the very first true international racing dinghy classes recognised by International Sailing Federation. It has not been very popular over the last 5 years but now that is changeing.

negative: International Access 2.3 The Access 2.3 is a single-crew cat rigged sailing keelboat, which is recognised by the International Sailing Federation as an international class. It is typically regarded as being a beginner's dinghy.

negative: International class The designation International Class may be granted by the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) to classes of sail boat that offer a high standard of international competitive sailing and satisfy a number of criteria regarding the number of boats of that class, their international distribution, and the rules, administration and operation of that class's Class Association.The designation Recognized Class may be granted to a class of sail boat that does not yet fulfil all the requirements for designation as an International Class.Classes used in Olympic sailing competition are normally selected from amongst the International Classes.

negative: J. J. Isler Jennifer J. Isler (born December 1, 1963 in La Jolla, California), best known as J. J. Isler and also known by her maiden name of J. J. Fetter, is an American yachtswoman from San Diego, California, United States. She is a two-time Olympic medalist and a world sailing champion. She was a starting helmsman in the 1995 America’s Cup races.

negative: Jo Aleh Jo Qesem Ayela Aleh, MNZM (born 15 May 1986) is a New Zealand sailor. She is a national champion, a former world champion, and an Olympic gold medallist.Aleh competes in the two-woman 470 dinghy, a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, centre sheeting and length overall of 4.70 metres.

negative: Jochen Schümann Jochen Schümann (born 8 June 1954 in East Berlin) is a German sailor and olympic champion.He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where he won a gold medal in the finn class.He competed in the soling class at the 1988, 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics, winning two gold medals and one silver medal in this class.

negative: Kazuto Seki Kazuto Seki (関 一人, Seki Kazuto, born September 11, 1975 in Shizuoka) is a sailing competitor from Japan. He won a bronze medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics with Kenjiro Todoroki in the 470 (dinghy) class.

negative: Keith Musto Franklyn Keith Musto OBE (born 12 January 1936) is a British sailor and businessman. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and won a silver medal in the Flying Dutchman class and was reserve in the Flying Dutchman class for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.Musto began sailing aged 15. After National Service, he began work with engineer Ken Pearce and began working on sailing masts and sails.

negative: Kristine Roug Kristine Roug (born March 12, 1975) is a Danish sailor and Olympic champion.She won a gold medal in the Europe Class at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Kristine sailed the Europe dinghy between 1990 and 2000. In summer 1994 she won the world championship in theEurope dinghy two weeks later she won ISAF single dinghies for women inthe Laser, and half-year later in January 1995 in New Zealand she wononce again the World Championship.

negative: Lark (dinghy) The Lark is a two-person, non-trapeze sailing dinghy, designed in 1966 by Michael Jackson (who was also responsible for many National 12 and Merlin Rocket designs). All Larks are made of glass-reinforced plastic (GRP). The Lark is a one-design class which leads to very close racing. The boat is very popular in the UK with a new builder (Ovington boats) signed up in 2010. In the UK the class became very popular through the university team racing circuit.

negative: Laser 2 The Laser 2 is a double-handed version of the popular Laser one-design class of small sailing dinghy. It is a quick, planing dinghy that differs from the Laser in that it has a jib, symmetric spinnaker and a trapeze for the crew. It was designed by New Zealander Frank Bethwaite and was first launched as a product in Australia then North America in 1979 and in Europe in 1980. The hull is made of GRP (glass reinforced plastic).  The rig is a Bermudian rig sloop with spinnaker.

negative: Lightning (dinghy) For alternate meanings, see Lightning (disambiguation).The Lightning is a sloop rigged sailing dinghy originally designed by Olin Stephens of Sparkman & Stephens in 1938 and was first sailed on Skaneateles Lake, Skaneateles, NY, USA.  More than 15,000 Lightnings have been built since then.

negative: List of Olympic medalists in sailing by class This is a list of Olympic medalists in sailing.

negative: List of dinghy classes designed before 1960 The following is a list of Dinghy classes designed before 1960.

negative: Marcelien de Koning Marcelien Bos-de Koning (born 10 May 1978 in Hoorn) is a sports sailor from the Netherlands who represented her country at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Qingdao. With crew member Lobke Berkhout Bos-de Koning took the Silver medal as helmsman in the Women's 470. Bos-de Koning returned as crew member to the 2012 Olympic match regatta's in Weymouth in the Elliott 6m. With helmsman Renee Groeneveld and fellow crew member Annemieke Bes Bos-de Koning took 8th place.

negative: Margriet Matthijsse Margriet Matthijsse (born 16 April 1977, in Rotterdam) is a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented her country for the first time at the 1996 Olympics in Savannah. Matthijsse took the Silver in the Europe. In the 2000 Olympics in Sydney Matthijsse took her second Silver medal again in the Europe. Matthijsse final Olympic appearance was during the 2004 Olympics in Athens.

negative: Mark Neeleman Mark Jacobus Louis Neeleman (born 16 April 1959, in Baghdad, Iraq) is a sailor from the Netherlands. Since the Netherlands did boycott the Moscow Olympic Games Neeleman represented his National Olympic Committee at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Tallinn, USSR under the Dutch NOC flag. Neeleman took 8th place in the Finn. In 1984 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles Neeleman did a second attempt in the Finn and finished on the 9th place.

negative: Mark Reynolds (sailor) Mark J. Reynolds (born November 2, 1955) is an American Star class sailor and Olympic champion. He has sailed Stars since age four, training with his father James Reynolds who was the 1971 World Champion (as crew for Dennis Conner).Reynolds competed at multiple Olympics, medaling in 1988 and 1992. In 1996 he came in eighth.

negative: Mirror (dinghy) The Mirror is a very popular sailing dinghy, with more than 70,000 built.The Mirror was named after the Daily Mirror, a UK newspaper with a largely working class distribution.  The Mirror was from the start promoted as an affordable boat, and as a design it has done a great deal to make dinghy sailing accessible to a wide audience.

negative: Moth (dinghy) The Moth Class is the name for a small development class of sailing dinghy. Originally a cheap home built sailing boat designed to plane, now it is an expensive largely commercially produced boat designed to hydroplane on foils. Many of the older design Moths still exist and are fun recreational boats but far slower.

negative: Musto Performance Skiff The Musto Performance Skiff is a single-handed sailing skiff with a length of 4.55m.  It features a trapeze, asymmetrical spinnaker, wings and low weight and achieves speeds of over twenty knots which makes it one of the fastest single-handed sailing boats.It was designed in 1999 for the 2000 Olympic Class trials in Quiberon by Joachim Harpprecht where it won every race in the single-handed dinghy competition.

negative: O-Jolle The O-Jolle – (Olympiajolle) – was created as the Monotype class for the 1936 Olympic Games by designer Hellmut Wilhelm E. Stauch (GER, later RSA). The boat is a Bermuda rig and the hull was originally carvel - later GRP and cold moulded plywood construction were allowed.

negative: Optimist (dinghy) The Optimist is a small, single-handed sailing dinghy intended for use by children up to the age of 15.  Nowadays boats are usually made of Fiberglass, although wooden boats are still built.It is one of the most popular sailing dinghies in the world, with over 150,000 boats officially registered with the class and many more built but never registered.The Optimist is recognized as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation.

negative: Paul Elvstrøm Paul Bert Elvstrøm (born 25 February 1928 in Copenhagen) is a yachtsman from Denmark. He has won four gold medals at the Olympic Games and won world championships eleven times in eight different types of boat, including Snipe, Soling, Star, Flying Dutchman and Finn.

negative: Robert Scheidt Robert Scheidt (born April 15, 1973) is a renowned Brazilian sailor, having won two gold medals, two silver medals and a bronze from five Olympic Games and a Star Sailors League Finals. He is one of the most successful sailors at Olympic Games and one of the most successful Brazilian Olympic athletes.

negative: Sailing (sport) This article is about recreational sailing. For the general activity of propelling a vessel using sails, see Sailing. For other uses, see Sailing (disambiguation).Sailing refers to using sailboats for sporting purposes. It can be recreational or competitive.Sailing is the main variety of yachting, and competitive sailing the main variety of yacht racing.

negative: Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 1920 consisted of a total of fourteen sailing classes (disciplines). For each class three races were scheduled from 7 July 1920 to 10 July 1920 off the coast of Ostend at the North Sea.

negative: Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 1972 consisted of a total of six sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 29 August 1972 to 8 September 1972 of the coast of Kiel-Schilksee in the Bay of Kiel.

negative: Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 1980 consisted of a total of six sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 19 to 29 July 1980 of the coast of Tallinn (district of Pirita, in that time an annexed part of the USSR at the Baltic Sea.

negative: Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the 1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 1988 consisted of a total of eight sailing classes (disciplines).

negative: Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 1992 consisted of a total of ten sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from July 27, 1992 to August 4, 1992 of the coast of Barcelona, Spain on the Mediterranean Sea

negative: Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics The quota for sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics was 400, of which 124 positions were for men, 92 for women and 184 'open' to men or women.  The Sailing Program of 2000 consisted of a total of eleven sailing classes (disciplines). For each class with the exception of the Soling and the 49er, eleven races were scheduled from 17–30 September 2000. For the Soling six fleet races were scheduled followed by a series of match races for the top twelve boats of the fleet race result.

negative: Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport that has been part of the Olympic programme starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly 1916, sailing has always been a part of the Olympic program. The Sailing program in 2004 consisted of eleven disciplines divided over nine sailing classes. For each discipline multiple races were scheduled between 14–28 August 2004 along the coast near Athens.

negative: Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 2008 consisted of a total of nine sailing classes (eleven disciplines).

negative: Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.The Sailing program of 2012 consisted of a total of eight sailing classes (ten disciplines). Eleven Fleet races were scheduled from 29 July 2012 to 11 August 2012 of the coast at Weymouth Bay for each event except for the 49er and the Elliott 6m.

negative: Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Finn The Men's Finn was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics program in Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy. Eleven races (last one a medal race) were scheduled and completed. 24 sailors, on 24 boats, from 249 nations competed. Ten boats qualified for the medal race.

negative: Skiff (sailing) A Skiff in a sailing context is a high performance competitive sailing craft.There are a number of different craft which are called skiffs but they are generally small coastal or river boats  with a one-person or small crew. Skiffs were originally powered by oars or sails, and sailing skiffs have developed into high performance competitive classes. In Sydney, Australia and in New Zealand the term  is used for a number of racing classes (sizes from 6 ft to 23 ft have existed).

negative: Sunfish (sailboat) The Sunfish sailboat is a personal size, beach launched sailing dinghy utilizing a pontoon type hull carrying a lateen sail mounted to an un-stayed mast.Sunfish was developed by Alcort, Inc. and first appeared around 1952 as the "next generation" improvement on their original boat, the Sailfish. In contrast, the Sunfish has a wider beam for more stability, increased freeboard and the addition of a foot-well for a more comfortable sailing position.

negative: Thomas Hedberg Thomas Hedberg was a British sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp and won a gold medal in the 18 ft. Dinghy class with Francis Richards.

negative: Vintage Yachting Games The Vintage Yachting Games are an international sailing event for former Olympic classes. The Vintage Games is held every four years.The idea behind the Vintage is to Organize a four yearly high-end event in the calendars of all the former Olympic classes after their discontinuation of the Olympics.

negative: Willem de Vries Lentsch Willem de Vries Lentsch (10 September 1886, Nieuwendam, North Holland – 6 March 1980, Amsterdam) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam in the 12' Dinghy. In 1936, with Bob Maas as helmsmen, De Vries Lentsch took part in the Dutch Star BEM II and took the Bronze.Willem de Vries Lentsch is the younger brother of Gerard de Vries Lentsch and the father of Wim de Vries Lentsch.

negative: Wolfgang Mayrhofer Wolfgang Mayrhofer (born 1958) is an Austrian competitive sailor and Olympic medalist as well as professor of management at WU in Vienna.He won a silver medal in the Finn class at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Wolfgang Mayrhofer is sailing since the age of 5. From 1963-1973 he sailed Optimist, the most popular single-handed boat for children below the age of 15; 1969 top-sailor world-wide in the Optimist below the age of 12.


query: Hanseatic league in Germany in the Netherlands Circle

positive: Bochum Bochum (German pronunciation: [ˈboːxʊm]; Westphalian: Baukem) is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and part of the Arnsberg region. It is located in the Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities  (in clockwise direction) of Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten, Hattingen, Essen and Gelsenkirchen. With a population of nearly 365,000, it is the 16th most populous city in Germany.

positive: Brakel, Germany Brakel is a town in the district of Höxter in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

positive: Breckerfeld Breckerfeld is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, (Germany). It is located in the southeastern-most part of the Ruhr area in northern Sauerland. The town is a member of Regionalverband Ruhr (association).

positive: Cologne Cologne (English pronunciation: /kəˈloʊn/; German Köln [kœln], Colognian: Kölle [ˈkœɫə]), Germany's fourth-largest city (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich), is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine River, fewer than eighty kilometers from Belgium.

positive: Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–35) The Dano-Hanseatic War from 1426–1435 (also: Kalmar War with the Hanseatic League) was an armed trade conflict between the Danish dominated Kalmar Union (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and the German Hanseatic League (Hansa) led by the Free City of Lübeck.When Danish king Eric opened the Baltic trade routes for Dutch ships and introduced a new toll for all foreign ships passing the Øresund (Sound Dues), six Hanseatic cities (Hamburg, Lübeck, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar) declared war, put a naval blockade on Scandinavian harbours and allied with Eric's enemy Henry IV, count of Holstein.

positive: Dortmund Dortmund ([ˈdɔɐ̯tmʊnt]; Low German: Düörpm [ˈdyːœɐ̯pm̩]; Latin: Tremonia) is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the middle part of the state and is considered to be the administrative, commercial and cultural centre of the region. Its population of 575,944 (2013) makes it the 8th largest city in Germany.

positive: Duisburg Duisburg (German pronunciation: [ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k]) is a German city in the western part of the Ruhr Area (Ruhrgebiet) in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an independent metropolitan borough within Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf.

positive: Haltern am See Haltern am See (Haltern at the lake, before December 2001 only Haltern) is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the Lippe and the Wesel–Datteln Canal, approx. 15 kilometres (9 miles) north of Recklinghausen.The town is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Düsseldorf.

positive: Hamm Hamm (German pronunciation: [ˈham], Latin: Hammona) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of December 2003 its population was 180,849. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railway station is an important hub for rail transport and renowned for its distinctive station building.

positive: Hanseatic League The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hanse or Hansa; Low German: Hanse, Dudesche Hanse, Latin: Hansa, Hansa Teutonica or Liga Hanseatica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns.  It dominated Baltic maritime trade (c. 1400-1800) along the coast of Northern Europe. It stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (c.

positive: Hanseatic People's League The Hanseatic People's League (German: Hanseatischer Volksbund) was a Weimar era political party in Lübeck, Germany. The party was founded in 1926. The party was formed by middle-class sectors that opposed the Social Democrats, in response to the takeover of the mayoral post of Lübeck by the Social Democrats. The Hanseatic People's League proclaimed itself as a 'gathering point for all non-Marxist, i.e. non-SPD/KPD, voters'.

positive: Hattingen Hattingen is a German town located in northern part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia.

positive: Herford Herford (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛɐ̯fɔɐ̯t]) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the lowlands between the hill chains of the Wiehen Hills and the Teutoburg Forest.  It is the capital of the district of Herford.

positive: Höxter Höxter (German pronunciation: [ˈhœkstɐ]) is  a town in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany on the left bank of the river Weser, 52 km north of Kassel in the centre of the Weser Uplands. The main town's population is around 15,000, and with outlying centres, about 30,000. It is the seat of the Höxter district.

positive: Lemgo Lemgo (German pronunciation: [ˈlɛmɡoː]) is a university city in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of c. 40,800 (2013).

positive: Minden Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town extends along both sides of the River Weser. It is the capital of the district (Kreis) of Minden-Lübbecke, which is part of the region of Detmold. Minden is the historic political centre of the cultural region of Minden Land. It is widely known as the intersection of the Mittelland Canal and the River Weser.

positive: Münster Münster (German pronunciation: [ˈmʏnstɐ]; Low German: Mönster; Latin: Monasterium, from the Greek μοναστήριον monastērion, "monastery") is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also capital of the local government region Münsterland.

positive: Neuss Neuss (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏs]; spelled Neuß until 1968; Limburgish: Nüss; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Düsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district and owes its prosperity to its location at the crossing of historic and modern trade routes. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest.

positive: Osnabrück Osnabrück (German pronunciation: [ɔsnaˈbʁʏk]; Westphalian: Ossenbrügge; archaic English: Osnaburg) is a city in the federal state Lower-Saxony in northwestern Germany. It lies in a valley penned between the Wiehen Hills and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest. A population of 154.513 makes Osnabrück the fourth-largest city in Lower Saxony.

positive: Paderborn Paderborn (German pronunciation: [paːdɐˈbɔʁn])  is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and 'born', an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.

positive: Recklinghausen Recklinghausen (German pronunciation: [ʁɛklɪŋˈhaʊzən]) is the northernmost city in the Ruhr-Area and the capital of the Recklinghausen district.  It borders the rural Münsterland and is characterized by large fields and farms in the north and industry in the south.  Recklinghausen is the 60th-largest city in Germany and the 22nd-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia.

positive: Soest, Germany Soest (German pronunciation: [ˈzoːst], as if it were 'Sohst') is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Soest district. After Lippstadt, a neighbouring town, Soest is the second biggest town in its district.

positive: Treaty of Stralsund (1370) The Treaty of Stralsund (24 May 1370) ended the war between the Hanseatic League and the kingdom of Denmark. The Hanseatic League reached the peak of its power by the conditions of this treaty.The war began in 1361, when Danish king Valdemar Atterdag conquered Scania, Öland, and Gotland with the major Hanseatic town Visby.

positive: Treaty of Utrecht (1474) The Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1474 after the Anglo-Hanseatic War between England and the Hanseatic League.This naval war had begun in 1470 using the naval strategy of commerce raiding in the North sea and the Channel. One of the most successful Man of war was the Peter von Danzig.

positive: Unna Unna is a town of around 67,000 people in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the seat of the Unna district.

positive: Warburg Warburg is a town in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia on the river Diemel near the three-state point shared by Hessen, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is in Höxter district and Detmold region. Warburg is the midpoint in the Warburger Börde.

positive: Werl Werl is a town located in the district of Soest in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

positive: Wesel Wesel (German pronunciation: [ˈveːzəl]) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Wesel district.

positive: Winterberg Winterberg is a town in the Hochsauerland district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and a major winter sport resort of the Wintersport Arena Sauerland.

negative: Archbishopric of Bremen The Archdiocese of Bremen (also Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen, German: Erzbistum Bremen, not to be confused with the modern Archdiocese of Hamburg, founded in 1994) was a historical Roman Catholic diocese (787–1566/1648) and formed from 1180 to 1648 an ecclesiastical state (continued under other names until 1823), named Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (German: Erzstift Bremen) within the Holy Roman Empire. The prince-archbishopric consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory.

negative: Arnhem Arnhem (/ˈɑːnəm/ or /ˈɑːnhɛm/, Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] or [ˈɑrnɦɛm], South Guelderish: Èrnem), is a city and municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland and located on both banks of the river Nederrijn as well as on the Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem had a population of 151,356 in 2014 and is one of the larger cities of the Netherlands.

negative: Bocholt, Germany Bocholt is a city in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, part of the district Borken. It is situated 4 km south of the border with the Netherlands. Suderwick is part of Bocholt and is situated at the border annex to Dinxperlo.

negative: Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen (German: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, IPA: [ˈbʁeːmən]) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany.A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the River Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region (2.4 million people). Bremen is the second most populous city in Northern Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is a major cultural and economic hub in the northern regions of Germany.

negative: Brick Gothic Brick Gothic (German: Backsteingotik, Polish: Gotyk ceglany) is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northern Europe, especially in Northern Germany and the regions around the Baltic Sea, which do not have natural stone resources.

negative: Bryggen Bryggen (Norwegian for the Wharf), also known as Tyskebryggen (the German Wharf), is a series of Hanseatic commercial buildings lining the eastern side of the fjord coming into Bergen, Norway. Bryggen has since 1979 been on the UNESCO list for World Cultural Heritage sites.The city of Bergen was founded around 1070 within the original boundaries of Tyskebryggen.

negative: Burgundian Circle The Burgundian Circle (German: Burgundischer Kreis, Dutch: Bourgondische Kreits, French: Cercle de Bourgogne) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire created in 1512 and significantly enlarged in 1548.

negative: Burgundian Netherlands In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands (French:  Pays-Bas Bourguignons, Dutch: Bourgondische Nederlanden, Luxembourgish: Burgundeschen Nidderlanden, Walloon: Bas Payis bourguignons) were a number of Imperial and French fiefs ruled in personal union by the House of Valois-Burgundy and their Habsburg heirs in the period from 1384 to 1482. The area comprised large parts of present-day Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as Luxembourg and parts of northern France.

negative: Carta Mercatoria The Carta Mercatoria, meaning 'the charter of the merchants', was a 1303 charter granted by Edward I to foreign merchants in England.  It guaranteed them freedom to trade, protection under the law, and exemption from tolls on bridges, roads and cities.  It also guaranteed no increase in the duty rates they paid.The charter was revoked by Edward II, owing to complaints by English mechants.

negative: Communist Circle of Breda (Marxist–Leninist) Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist) (in Dutch: Kommunisten Kring Breda (marxistisch-leninistisch)) was a communist group in Breda, the Netherlands.

negative: Confederation of Cologne The Confederation of Cologne was a medieval military alliance against Denmark signed 1367 by cities of the Hanseatic League on their meeting called Hansetag in Cologne.The hanseatic cities at the southern coast of the Baltic sea had nearly lost the First Danish-Hanseatic War in the Battle of Helsingborg (1362) and made a peace with Denmark at Vordingborg (1365).

negative: Deventer Deventer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːvəntər]) is a municipality and city in the Salland region of the Dutch province of Overijssel. Deventer is largely situated on the east bank of the river IJssel, but also has a small part of its territory on the west bank. In 2005 the municipality of Bathmen (pop. 5,000) was merged with Deventer as part of a national effort to reduce bureaucracy in the country.

negative: Doesburg Doesburg (Dutch About this sound pronunciation ) is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands in the province of Gelderland.  Doesburg received city rights in 1237 and had a population of 11,447 in 2014.  The city is situated on the right bank of river IJssel, at the confluence of river Oude IJssel. The municipality of Doesburg is part of the Arnhem-Nijmegen agglomeration region.

negative: Drolshagen Drolshagen is a town belonging to the district of Olpe in the Regierungsbezirk of Arnsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, lying roughly 5 km west of Olpe.

negative: Duchy of Cleves The Duchy of Cleves (German: Herzogtum Kleve; Dutch: Hertogdom Kleef) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire emerged from the mediaeval Duisburggau. It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the towns of Wesel, Kalkar, Xanten, Emmerich, Rees and Duisburg bordering  the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west.

negative: Dutch annexation of German territory after World War II At the end of World War II, plans were made in the Netherlands to annex German territory as compensation for the damages caused by the war. In October 1945, the Dutch state asked Germany for 25 billion guilders in reparations, but in February 1945 it had already been established at the Yalta Conference that reparations would not be given in monetary form.

negative: Dutch–Hanseatic War The Dutch–Hanseatic War was a conflict between the Burgundian Netherlands and the Hanseatic League over the latter's control of Baltic shipping.

negative: Electorate of Cologne The Electorate of Cologne (German: Kurfürstentum Köln), sometimes referred to as Electoral Cologne (German: Kurköln), was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire and existed from the 10th to the early 19th century. It consisted of the temporal possessions of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne  (German: Erzbistum Köln). It was ruled by the Archbishop in his capacity as prince-elector.

negative: Emden Emden is a town and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main town of the region of East Frisia and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528.

negative: European Route of Brick Gothic The European Route of Brick Gothic (EuRoB) is a tourist route connecting cities with Brick Gothic architecture in three countries along the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Germany and Poland.Many of the cities also have a history as Hanseatic League city, and some are related to German Ostsiedlung or the Teutonic Order, consequently the route is managed by the German Association for Housing, Urban and Spatial Development.

negative: Flag of Germany The flag of Germany is a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal bands displaying the national colours of Germany: black, red, and gold.

negative: Free City of Lübeck The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck was a city-state from 1226 to 1937, in what is now the German states of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

negative: Free imperial city In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term Free and Imperial Cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded Free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the 15th century to denote a self-ruling city that enjoyed a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

negative: Frisian languages The Frisian /ˈfriːʒən/ languages are a closely related group of Germanic languages, spoken by about 500,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark. The Frisian dialects are the closest living languages to English, after Scots. However, modern English and Frisian are unintelligible to each other.

negative: Germany–Netherlands relations German-Dutch relations refer to interstate relations between Germany and the Netherlands. Relations were established after 1871.During World War I, the German army refrained from attacking the Netherlands, and thus relations between the two states were preserved. At war's end in 1918, the former Kaiser Wilhelm II fled to the Netherlands, where he lived till his death in 1941.

negative: Glossary of Nazi Germany This is a list of words, terms, concepts and slogans that were specifically used in Nazi Germany.Some words were coined by Adolf Hitler and other Nazi Party members. Other words and concepts were borrowed and appropriated, and other terms were already in use during the Weimar Republic. Finally, some are taken from Germany's cultural tradition.

negative: Goslar Goslar is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern slopes of the Harz mountain range. The Old Town of Goslar and the Mines of Rammelsberg are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

negative: Greifswald Greifswald (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁaɪfsvalt]), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (in German Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald), is a city in northeastern Germany.It is situated in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, at an equal distance of about 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Germany's two largest cities, Berlin and Hamburg.

negative: Groningen Groningen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣroːnɪŋə(n)]; Gronings: Grunnen; West Frisian: Grins) is the main municipality as well as the capital city of the eponymous province in the Netherlands. With a population of 197,823 (in 2014), it is the largest city in the north of the Netherlands. An old city, Groningen was the regional power of the northern Netherlands, a semi-independent city-state and member of the German Hanseatic League.

negative: Göttingen Göttingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœtɪŋən]; Low German: Chöttingen) is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The River Leine runs through the town. In 2011 the population was 116,052.

negative: Hamburg Hamburg (/ˈhæmbɜrɡ/; German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊʁk], local pronunciation [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç]; Low German/Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhambɔːx]), officially Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg  (Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg), is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union. It is also the thirteenth largest German state.

negative: Hanseatic Days of New Time The Hanseatic Days of New Time or the Hansa Days of New Time (German: Hansetage der Neuzeit) is an annual international festival of member cities of the Hanseatic League of New Time (also known as the New Hansa).The Hanseatic Days are held annually in one of the member cities of the New Hansa since 1980, when it was decided to re-establish the Hanseatic League and the first Hanseatic Days were held in Zwolle, the Netherlands.

negative: Hattem Hattem (About this sound pronunciation ) is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. The municipality had a population of 11,739 in 2014. The municipality includes the hamlet of 't Zand.

negative: Heinrich Sudermann Heinrich Sudermann (31 August 1520 – 7 September 1591) was an official of the Hanseatic League from Cologne. When the post of Syndic was created in 1556, Sudermann was elected as permanent official with legal training who worked to protect and extend the diplomatic agreements of the Hansa member towns.  In 1557 and 1579, revised agreements spelled out the duties of towns and some progress was made.

negative: Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire (Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium, German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

negative: Intercursus Magnus The Intercursus Magnus was a major and long-lasting commercial treaty signed in February 1496 by Henry VII of England and Philip IV, Duke of Burgundy. Other signatories included the commercial powers of Venice, Florence, the Netherlands, and the Hanseatic League.

negative: Iserlohn Iserlohn (German pronunciation: [iːzɐˈloːn]) is a city in the Märkischer Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany. It is the largest city by population and area within the district and the Sauerland region.

negative: Jürgen Wullenwever Jürgen Wullenwever (c. 1492 – 29 September 1537) was burgomaster of Lübeck from 1533 to 1535, a period of religious, political and trade turmoil.

negative: Kampen, Overijssel Kampen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɑmpən]) is a municipality, a city and an old Hanseatic city at the lower reaches of the river IJssel in the Dutch province of Overijssel.The municipality of Kampen had a population of 51,278 in 2014 and covers an area of 161.79 km2 (62.47 sq mi). Kampen is located in the North West of Overijssel and is the largest city in this region.

negative: Kleve Cleves (German: Kleve, Cleves Dutch: Kleff, Dutch: Kleef, French: Clèves, Latin: Clivia), is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a duchy.  Today, Cleves is the capital of the district of Cleves in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

negative: Leo Meyer (producer) Leo Meyer (1873–1944) was a German film producer. He is sometimes also credited as Leo Meijer. Following the Nazi rise to power Meyer, who was Jewish, went into exile and emigrated to the Netherlands where he continued to produce films.Amongst the films that Meyer worked on in Weimar Germany was the war film Westfront 1918

negative: List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the Hanseatic League The United Kingdom had a diplomatic representative to the three sovereign Hanseatic cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck until German unification in 1871.  The envoy was usually only a resident, but sometimes he was also minister plenipotentiary to Lower Saxony.  He was usually resident at Hamburg, which had long been an important port for British trade, and the staple port of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London.

negative: Lübeck The Hanseatic City of Lübeck (pronounced [ˈlyːbɛk], Low German [ˈlyːbɛːk]) is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany.  Situated on the river Trave, it was for several centuries the leading city of the Hanseatic League "\Queen of the Hanse"). Because of its extensive Brick Gothic architecture, it is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

negative: Lübeck Cougars The Lübeck Cougars are an American football team from Lübeck, Germany.Th club had its greatest success in 2012 when it played in the German Football League for a season.

negative: Lüneburg Lüneburg (officially the Hanseatic Town of Lüneburg, German: Hansestadt Lüneburg, pronounced [ˈhan.zə.ʃtat ˈlyː.nə.bʊɐk], Low German Lümborg, Polabian Glain), also called Lunenburg in English, is a town in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is located about 45 km (28 mi) southeast of another Hanseatic city, Hamburg. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. The capital of the district of Lüneburg, its population is around 72,000 people.

negative: Magdeburg Magdeburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmakdəbʊrk]; Low Saxon: Meideborg, [ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐx]) is the capital city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.Emperor Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor, founder of the archbishopric of Magdeburg, was buried in the town's cathedral after his death. Magdeburg's version of German town law, known as Magdeburg rights, spread throughout Central and Eastern Europe.

negative: Maritime Circle Line The Maritime Circle Line (MCL) is a private harbor cruise line and operator in the Port of Hamburg, Germany, established by Gregor Mogi in 2007. The ferry service is operated on a scheduled timetable, connecting a number of Hamburg's maritime visitor attractions in the eastern port area.

negative: Middle Low German Middle Low German or Middle Saxon (ISO 639-3 code gml) is a language that is the descendant of Old Saxon and the ancestor of modern Low German. It served as the international lingua franca of the Hanseatic League. It was spoken from about 1100 to 1600.

negative: Nijmegen Nijmegen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈnɛi̯meːɣə(n)]; Nijmeegs: Nimwegen [ˈnɪmβ̞ɛːxə]), historically anglicized as Nimeguen, is a municipality and a city in the Dutch province of Gelderland.

negative: Nine Circles Nine Circles is a Dutch-German minimal electronic band. The name originates from the "Nine Circles of Hell" from Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy".

negative: Northern Germany Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland) is the region in the north of Germany. Its exact area is not precisely or consistently defined but varies depending on whether one is taking a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural or historic standpoint.

negative: Oldenzaal Oldenzaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɔldə(n)ˌzaːl]) is a municipality and a city in the eastern province of Overijssel in the Netherlands. It is part of the region of Twente and is close to the German border.It received city rights in 1249. Historically, the city was part of the Hanseatic League as a subsidiary city of the fellow Hanseatic city of Deventer.Located on the A1 motorway from Amsterdam to Germany, Oldenzaal also has a rail connection to Hengelo.

negative: Ommen Ommen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɔmən]) is a municipality and a Hanseatic city in the Vecht valley of the Salland region, which is at the heart of the province of Overijssel in the eastern Netherlands. Historical records first name Ommen in the early 12th century and it was officially founded as a city in 1248. The municipality had a population of 17,333 in 2014 and covers an area of 182.01 km2 (70.27 sq mi).

negative: Outline of Germany The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany:Germany – federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe consisting of 16 constituent states, which retain limited sovereignty. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With more than 80 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union.

negative: Paul Reckzeh Paul Reckzeh (November 4, 1913 in Berlin – March 31, 1996 in Hamburg) was a physician and Gestapo spy who, at the end of 1943, betrayed the members of the Solf Circle, which he had joined while claiming to be a Swiss doctor.  His betrayal lead to the  imprisonment and death of many Solf Circle members. In 1950, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison and later lived as a doctor in the GDR.

negative: Peace of Westphalia The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster.

negative: Roermond Roermond (Dutch pronunciation: [ruːrˈmɔnt]; Limburgish: Remunj) is a city, a municipality, and a diocese in the southeastern part of the Netherlands.The city of Roermond is a historically important town, on the lower Roer at the east bank of the Meuse river. It received city rights in 1231.

negative: Rostock Rostock (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔstɔk]), is the largest city in the north German state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Rostock is on the Warnow river; the quarter of Warnemünde 12 kilometres (7 miles) north of the city centre is directly at the coast of the Baltic Sea.Rostock is home to one of the oldest universities in the world, the University of Rostock, founded in 1419.The city territory of Rostock stretches for about 20 km (12 mi) along the Warnow to the Baltic Sea.

negative: Schiffskinder Schiffskinder, literally meaning ship-boys (in German), were the crews of the ships of the Hanseatic League during the late Middle Ages. Schiffskinder and passengers swore allegiance to each other before leaving the harbour. They often fought both on land and at the sea.

negative: Siege of Deventer (1456) The Siege of Deventer was a siege of Deventer (then a major Hanseatic city) in 1456 during a struggle between Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy and the church, the nobility and cities of the Oversticht (Overijssel).Over the 15th century the Dukes of Burgundy became more and more influential in the Netherlands, striving for a stronger and more centralised grip on the country.

negative: Simon of Utrecht Simon of Utrecht (Simon van Utrecht, died 14 October 1437) was a warship captain of the Hanseatic League during the Middle Ages. He was probably born in Flanders, but emigrated to Hamburg, Germany, where he received citizenship in 1400. He became famous for capturing the pirate Klaus Störtebeker in 1401.Based on his popularity stemming from his battle against the Likedeelers at Heligoland, he was voted into Hamburg's city council in 1425.

negative: Stadtarchiv Stralsund The Stadtarchiv Stralsund (City Archives of Stralsund) is the historical Archive of the Hanseatic City of Stralsund and an important municipal archive in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The Stadtarchiv Stralsund ranks among the important communal archives in Europe, as it covers the city's role in the Hanseatic League and the history of Swedish Pomerania.

negative: Stralsund Stralsund (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtʁaːlzʊnt]), is a Hanseatic city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is located at the Southern coast of the Strelasund (a sound of the Baltic Sea separating the island of Rugia from the mainland).The Strelasund Crossing with its two bridges and several ferry services connect Stralsund with Rugia.

negative: Thorn Abbey Thorn Abbey or Imperial Abbey of Thorn was an imperial abbey of the Holy Roman Empire in what is now the Netherlands.  The capital was Thorn.  It was founded in the 10th century; independence ended in 1794, when it was occupied by French troops.  The abbey was reichsunmittelbar and belonged to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle.The territory covered about 1.5 square kilometers with 3400 inhabitants in 1790.

negative: Treaty of Copenhagen (1441) The Treaty of Copenhagen (or the Peace of Copenhagen) was signed in 1441 between the Hanseatic League and the Netherlands, ending the Dutch-Hanseatic War.The accord was developed after Christopher of Bavaria crushed a great peasant uprising in Northern Jutland. The treaty broke the attempted monopoly of Baltic trading routes by the Hanseatic League.

negative: Wilhelm II, German Emperor Wilhelm II or William II (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht von Preußen; Frederick William Victor Albert of Prussia; 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

negative: Wismar Wismar (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪsmaʁ]) is a port and hanseatic city in Northern Germany on the Baltic Sea, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is located about 45 km (28 mi) east of Lübeck, 30 km (19 mi) north of Schwerin, and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Its natural harbour, located in the Bay of Wismar, is well-protected by a promontory. The population was 42,219 in 2013.

negative: Yoomiii Yoomiii was a  three-member girl group, with two members from Germany and one from the Netherlands.

negative: Zutphen Zutphen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzʏtfə(n)]) is a town in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. It lies some 30 km north-east of Arnhem, on the Eastern bank of the river IJssel at the point where it is joined by the Berkel. The name Zutphen (first mentioned in the eleventh century) appears to mean 'zuid-veen', or in English, south-fen.In 2005, the municipality of Zutphen was merged with the municipality of Warnsveld, retaining its name.

negative: Zwolle Zwolle (Dutch: [ˈzʋɔlə]) is a municipality and the capital city of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands. It has a population around 125,000.