query: The University of Leicester invented genetic fingerprinting.

positive: University of Leicester The University of Leicester ( -LSB- ˈlɛstə -RSB- ) is a public research university based in Leicester , England . The main campus is south of the city centre , adjacent to Victoria Park .   The university established itself as a research-led university . It was previously ranking among the top 20 universities in the United Kingdom and was ranked 13th in 2014 by the Guardian . In 2008 , it was awarded University of the Year by the Times . As of 2016/17 the university is nationally ranked 25th in The Sunday Times Good University Guide , and 29th in the latest The Complete University Guide . It is ranked as one of the top 200 universities in the world by the Times in 2017 .   The university is most famous for the invention of genetic fingerprinting and contributing to the discovery and identification of the remains of King Richard III .

negative: Alec Jeffreys Sir Alec John Jeffreys , ( born 9 January 1950 in Oxford , Oxfordshire , England ) is a British geneticist , who developed techniques for DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes . He is a professor of genetics at the University of Leicester , and he became an honorary freeman of the City of Leicester on 26 November 1992 . In 1994 , he was knighted for services to genetics .

negative: DNA profiling DNA profiling ( also called DNA fingerprinting , DNA testing , or DNA typing ) is a forensic technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA . A DNA profile is a small set of DNA variations that is very likely to be different in all unrelated individuals , thereby being as unique to individuals as are fingerprints ( hence the alternative name for the technique ) . DNA profiling should not be confused with full genome sequencing . First developed and used in 1984 , DNA profiling is used in , for example , parentage testing and criminal investigation , to identify a person or to place a person at a crime scene , techniques which are now employed globally in forensic science to facilitate police detective work and help clarify paternity and immigration disputes . DNA fingerprinting has also been widely used in the study of animal and floral populations and has revolutionized the fields of zoology , botany , and agriculture .   Although 99.9 % of human DNA sequences are the same in every person , enough of the DNA is different that it is possible to distinguish one individual from another , unless they are monozygotic ( `` identical '' ) twins . DNA profiling uses repetitive ( `` repeat '' ) sequences that are highly variable , called variable number tandem repeats ( VNTRs ) , in particular short tandem repeats ( STRs ) , also known as microsatellites , and minisatellites . VNTR loci are very similar between closely related individuals , but are so variable that unrelated individuals are extremely unlikely to have the same VNTRs .   The modern process of DNA profiling was developed in 1984 by Sir Alec Jeffreys while working in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester .

negative: University of Leicester Botanic Garden The University of Leicester Harold Martin Botanic Garden is a botanic garden close to the halls of residence for the University of Leicester in Oadby , Leicestershire , England . Founded in 1921 , the garden was established on the present 16 acre site in 1947 . The garden is used for research and teaching purposes by the university 's Genetics ( formerly Biology ) Department and features events such as sculpture and art exhibitions , music performances and plant sales . It is open to the public . The gardens surround several Edwardian era houses which are now part of Leicester University 's halls of residence , including Beaumont House , The Knoll , and Southmeade .   The Attenborough Arboretum is a 5 acre satellite in the old village of Knighton ( absorbed by Leicester city ) . It is named after Frederick Attenborough and was opened on 23 April 1997 by Sir David Attenborough . It is managed as a wild site with native trees , ponds and a ridge and furrow field .

negative: Brain fingerprinting Brain fingerprinting is a controversial , unproven and questionable technique invented by Lawrence Farwell which he says uses electroencephalography ( EEG ) to determine whether specific information is stored in a subject 's brain . The technique consists of the measuring and recording a person 's electrical brainwaves and their brain response .   Comparison of brain fingerprinting with polygraphy showed mixed results consistent with `` a mix of proven techniques and dangerously exaggerated benefits '' .   In 2001 , brain fingerprinting was ruled as admissible for court use in Iowa by the decision in Harrington vs. State of Iowa . It was also used in India , until a 2010 Indian Supreme Court ruling . A. R. Lakshmanan , judge and past Chairman of the Law Commission of India , welcomed this ruling , describing brain fingerprinting as `` so science-fictional that there were no takers anywhere else in the world '' .

negative: Canvas fingerprinting Canvas fingerprinting is one of a number of browser fingerprinting techniques of tracking online users that allow websites to identify and track visitors using HTML5 canvas element instead of browser cookies or other similar means . The technique received wide media coverage in 2014 after researchers from Princeton University and KU Leuven University described it in their paper The Web never forgets .

negative: Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics The Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics ( CDFD ) is an Indian Biotechnology research centre , located in Hyderabad , India , operated by the Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology , Government of India . CDFD is Sun Microsystems Centre of Excellence in Medical Bio-informatics , supported with a strong bioinformatics facility , and is the India node of the EMBnet . In addition , DNA fingerprinting and diagnostics services provided by the centre support some of the activities . The centre utilises the Combined DNA Index System for DNA profile Matching . The CDFD and the U.S. FBI had signed an MoU early this year for the acquisition of CODIS .   CDFD receives funding from other agencies like the Wellcome Trust on specific collaborative projects .  The Centre is recognised by the University of Hyderabad and Manipal University for pursuing doctor of philosophy in Life Sciences . Research at CDFD has focused largely on molecular epidemiology of bacterial pathogens , structural genetics , molecular genetics , bioinformatics and computational biology .

negative: Lalji Singh Lalji Singh ( born 5 July 1947 ) is an Indian scientist who has worked in the field of DNA fingerprinting technology in India , where he is popularly known as the `` Father of Indian DNA fingerprinting '' . Singh has also worked in the areas of molecular basis of sex determination , Wildlife conservation forensics and evolution and migration of humans . In 2004 , he received the Padma Shri in recognition of his contribution to Indian science and technology .   Singh founded various institutes and laboratories in India , including the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics in 1995 , Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species ( LaCONES ) in 1998 , and Genome Foundation in 2004 , aiming to diagnose and treat genetic disorders affecting the Indian population , in particular the under-privileged people residing in rural India .   Singh also served as the 25th Vice Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University ( BHU ) and Chairman of Board of Governors of Indian Institute of Technology ( BHU ) Varanasi from August 2011 to August 2014 . Before his term as Vice Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University , he also served as director of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology ( CCMB ) from May 1998 to July 2009 and Officer on Special Duty ( OSD ) of Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics ( CDFD ) , Hyderabad , India in 1995 -- 1999 .

negative: Leicester Medical School Leicester Medical School is a medical school , which is part of the University of Leicester . The school was founded in 1975 , although between 2000 and 2007 it was part of the joint Leicester-Warwick Medical School . As of 2010 , the medical school admits 175 British students per year includes 20 students from overseas . Leicester was ranked 23rd in the UK among 31 medical schools in the 2015 Guardian University Guide .

negative: DNA database A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles . A DNA database can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases , genetic fingerprinting for criminology , or genetic genealogy . DNA databases may be public or private , but the largest ones are national DNA databases .   When a match is made from a national DNA database to link a crime scene to an offender who has provided a DNA sample to a database that link is often referred to as a cold hit . A cold hit is of value in referring the police agency to a specific suspect but is of less evidential value than a DNA match made from outside the DNA database . Research shows that DNA databases of criminal offenders reduce crime rates .

negative: Fingerprint (computing) In computer science , a fingerprinting algorithm is a procedure that maps an arbitrarily large data item ( such as a computer file ) to a much shorter bit string , its fingerprint , that uniquely identifies the original data for all practical purposes just as human fingerprints uniquely identify people for practical purposes . This fingerprint may be used for data deduplication purposes .   Fingerprints are typically used to avoid the comparison and transmission of bulky data . For instance , a web browser or proxy server can efficiently check whether a remote file has been modified , by fetching only its fingerprint and comparing it with that of the previously fetched copy .   Fingerprint functions may be seen as high-performance hash functions used to uniquely identify substantial blocks of data where cryptographic hash functions may be unnecessary . Audio fingerprint algorithms should not be confused with this type of fingerprint function .

negative: Orchid Cellmark Orchid Cellmark is the world 's largest private DNA testing firm . They have laboratories in Germantown , Maryland ; Dallas , Texas ; Nashville , Tennessee ; and Britain .   The company was established in 1987 . It was the first private company to licence the DNA Fingerprinting technology from Alec Jeffreys and the University of Leicester . The company participated in the consultation process which led to the establishment of the Department of Health 's voluntary code of practice on genetic paternity testing in England , Wales and Northern Ireland . The company undertakes DNA testing on behalf of the CSA and the UK Visas and Immigration scheme .   In February 2007 , the company 's location in Abingdon-on-Thames , Oxfordshire was targeted as part of the Miles Cooper letter bomb campaign . One person , a pregnant receptionist , was injured .   In 2004 , in the US , the company was accused of manipulating results electronically .   Orchid BioSciences Inc. in Princeton , New Jersey is Orchid Cellmark 's parent company , .   In December 2011 , Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings ( LabCorp ) completed the acquisition of Orchid Cellmark Inc. through its wholly owned subsidiary , OCM Acquisition Corp. . It is now , in the United States , called Cellmark Forensics , Inc. .

negative: Turi King Turi King is a Canadian-British geneticist at the University of Leicester notable for `` cracking one of the biggest forensic DNA cases in history '' during the exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England .

negative: Fingerprint recognition Fingerprint recognition or fingerprint authentication refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints . Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and verify their identity .

negative: Alexandre Beaudoin Alexandre Beaudoin ( born February 16 , 1978 ) is a Quebec fingerprint scientist known for inventing a technique for developing latent fingerprints on dry and/or wet porous surfaces ( such as paper and cardboard ) . ( Oil Red O )

negative: Automated fingerprint identification Automated fingerprint identification is the process of automatically matching one or many unknown fingerprints against a database of known and unknown prints . Automated fingerprint identification systems are primarily used by law enforcement agencies for criminal identification initiatives , the most important of which include identifying a person suspected of committing a crime or linking a suspect to other unsolved crimes .   Automated fingerprint verification is a closely related technique used in applications such as attendance and access control systems . On a technical level , verification systems verify a claimed identity ( a user might claim to be John by presenting his PIN or ID card and verify his identity using his fingerprint ) , whereas identification systems determine identity based solely on fingerprints .   With frequency in recent years , automated fingerprint identification systems have been used in large-scale civil identification projects . The chief purpose of a civil fingerprint identifications system is to prevent multiple enrollments in an electoral , welfare , driver licensing , or similar system . Another benefit of a civil fingerprint identifications system is its use in background checks for job applicants for highly sensitive posts and educational personnel who have close contact with children .

negative: Genetic genealogy Genetic genealogy is the use of DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogy and traditional genealogical and historical records to infer relationships between individuals . Genetic genealogy involves the use of genealogical DNA testing to determine the level and type of the genetic relationship between individuals . This application of genetics became popular with family historians in the first decade of the 21st century , as tests became affordable . The tests have been promoted by amateur groups , such as surname study groups , or regional genealogical groups , as well as research projects such as the genographic project . As of 2013 hundreds of thousands of people had been tested . As this field has developed , the aims of practitioners broadened , with many seeking knowledge of their ancestry beyond the recent centuries for which traditional pedigrees can be constructed .

negative: DNAPrint Genomics DNAPrint Genomics was a genetics company with a wide range of products related to genetic profiling . They provided forensic and consumer products , based mostly on `` Ancestry Informative Markers '' in DNA samples that they claimed enabled them to correctly identify the ancestry of a human based on a sample of their DNA . The company ceased operations in February 2009 .

negative: John Bond (physicist) John W. Bond ( born 1956 ) is an English physicist . He developed a technique for lifting fingerprints off of metal years after they are left by virtue of the corrosion caused to the metal by the fingerprint sweat . He has several patented inventions related to metal corrosion . His invention was named a TIME 'S magazine best invention of 2008 . In 2011 he received an OBE in the Queen 's Birthday Honours list for services to Forensic Science .

negative: Robert H. Tamarin Robert H. Tamarin is a biologist and author . He authored the principles of genetics , a textbook in its seventh edition with McGraw-Hill Publishers .  His research interest focuses on evolutionary genetics . He has also developed radioisotope , electrophoretic and DNA fingerprinting techniques for use in the study of small mammal .

negative: Harry Harris (geneticist) Harry Harris FRS , FCRP ( 30 September 1919 -- 17 July 1994 . ) , was a British-born biochemist . His work showed that human genetic variation was not rare and disease-causing but instead was common and usually harmless . He was the first to demonstrate , with biochemical tests , that with the exception of identical twins we are all different at the genetic level . This work paved the way for many well-known genetic concepts and procedures such as DNA fingerprinting , the prenatal diagnosis of disorders using genetic markers , the extensive heterogeneity of inherited diseases , and the mapping of human genes to chromosomes

negative: Adermatoglyphia Adermatoglyphia is an extremely rare genetic disorder which causes a person to have no fingerprints . There are only four known extended families worldwide which are affected by this condition .   Recently , the description of a case of a person from Switzerland lacking fingerprints as an isolated finding was published . The phenotype was mapped to chromosome 4q22 . In the splice-site of a 3 ' exon of the gene for SMARCAD1-helicase , a point mutation was detected . It results in a shortened form of the skin-specific protein . The heterozygous mode of mutation suggests an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance .   Other conditions can cause a lack of fingerprints , but unlike them , adermatoglyphia has no other side effects . Mutations in helicases are involved in other rare genetic diseases , for instance Werner syndrome .

negative: Genomics plc Genomics plc is a spin-out company from the University of Oxford founded in 2014 by Professors Peter Donnelly and Gilean McVean , with the aim of creating a platform that can use genetic and phenotypic big data coupled with advanced algorithms to elucidate the human wiring diagram . The company has raised around # 10M in funding and is using its platform to help pharmaceutical companies improve and de-risk their drug development pipelines as well supporting other prominent projects such as the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes project .

negative: Leicester University astronomical clock The Leicester University astronomical clock is a modern astronomical clock at the University of Leicester .

negative: Electropherogram An electropherogram is a plot of results from separation done by electrophoresis . Such plots are often achieved using an instrument such as an automated DNA sequencer . Electropherograms are also output from capillary electrophoresis instruments .   Electropherograms may be used to determine DNA sequence genotypes , or genotypes that are based on the length of specific DNA fragments . These genotypes can be used for :  genealogical DNA testing  paternity testing  genetic fingerprinting  phylogenetics  population genetics

negative: DNA paternity testing DNA paternity testing is the use of DNA profiling ( known as genetic fingerprinting ) to determine whether two individuals are biologically parent and child . A paternity test establishes genetic proof whether a man is the biological father of an individual , and a maternity test establishes whether a woman is the biological mother of an individual . Tests can also determine the likelihood of someone being a biological grandparent to a grandchild . Though genetic testing is the most reliable standard , older methods also exist , including ABO blood group typing , analysis of various other proteins and enzymes , or using human leukocyte antigen antigens . The current techniques for paternity testing are using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP ) . Paternity testing can now also be performed while the woman is still pregnant from a blood draw .   DNA testing is currently the most advanced and accurate technology to determine parentage . In a DNA parentage test , the result ( called the ` probability of parentage ) is 0 % when the alleged parent is not biologically related to the child and the probability of parentage is typically 99.99 % when the alleged parent is biologically related to the child . However , while almost all individuals have a single and distinct set of genes , rare individuals , known as `` chimeras '' , have at least two different sets of genes , which can result in a false negative result if their reproductive tissue has a different genetic make-up from the tissue sampled for the test .

negative: The Genetics Society The Genetics Society is a British learned society . It was founded by William Bateson in 1919 and therefore is one of the oldest learned societies devoted to genetics . Its membership of over 1700 consists of most of the UK 's active professional geneticists , including researchers , teachers and students . Industry and publishing are also represented in the membership .   It is a registered charity that organises meetings to promote genetics , publishes primary research in genetics and supports students to attend meetings . It sponsors research through fieldwork grants and student bursaries , and promotes the public understanding of genetics .

negative: DNA Bioscience DNA Bioscience is a DNA testing company offering a DNA paternity testing service in the United Kingdom . It was founded in 2003 and ended within two years .   The company gained much press in 2005 when the UK politician David Blunkett bought shares in the company , shortly after which he became Secretary of State for Work and Pensions . He failed to declare his interest in the company , which ultimately led to his resignation from the Cabinet in November 2005 .   The company went into liquidation on 8 December 2005 and was bought by an American-based DNA testing laboratory .

negative: TimeSTAMP protein labelling TimeSTAMP ( Time -- Specific Tag for the Age Measurement of Proteins ) is a technique invented at the Roger Tsien lab at the University of California , San Diego in 2008 . It is a technique that can specifically label the newly synthesized copies of the genetically tagged protein .

negative: Fingerprint A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger . The recovery of fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science . Fingerprints are easily deposited on suitable surfaces ( such as glass or metal or polished stone ) by the natural secretions of sweat from the eccrine glands that are present in epidermal ridges . These are sometimes referred to as `` Chanced Impressions '' .   In a wider use of the term , fingerprints are the traces of an impression from the friction ridges of any part of a human or other primate hand . A print from the sole of the foot can also leave an impression of friction ridges .   Deliberate impressions of fingerprints may be formed by ink or other substances transferred from the peaks of friction ridges on the skin to a relatively smooth surface such as a fingerprint card . Fingerprint records normally contain impressions from the pad on the last joint of fingers and thumbs , although fingerprint cards also typically record portions of lower joint areas of the fingers .   Human fingerprints are detailed , nearly unique , difficult to alter , and durable over the life of an individual , making them suitable as long-term markers of human identity . They may be employed by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity , or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased and thus unable to identify themselves , as in the aftermath of a natural disaster . Fingerprint analysis , in use since the early 20th century , has led to many crimes being solved . This means that many criminals consider gloves essential . In 2015 , the identification of sex by use of a fingerprint test has been reported .

negative: Alan Turing Institute The Alan Turing Institute is the United Kingdom national institute for data sciences , founded in 2015 . It is named after Alan Turing , the British mathematician and computing pioneer .

negative: Genetic Testing Laboratories Genetic Testing Laboratories ( GTL ) is a DNA testing company that specializes in DNA paternity testing , relationship and ancestry tests . Headquartered in Las Cruces , New Mexico , the company also has offices in Brighton , England and Brisbane , Australia .

negative: List of University of Leicester people This list of University of Leicester people is a selected list of notable past staff and students of the University of Leicester .


query: The Beverly Hillbillies had nine seasons.

positive: The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies .   The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .

negative: List of The Beverly Hillbillies episodes The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from September 26 , 1962 -- March 23 , 1971 . During its nine-season run , 274 episodes aired . The Beverly Hillbillies was the most-watched television show on the 1962 -- 63 and 1963 -- 64 United States network television schedules . This was the number-one-rated television show of the 1963 -- 64 United States network television season .

negative: List of The Beverly Hillbillies, Petticoat Junction and Green Acres episodes This is a list of episodes of the CBS television sitcoms The Beverly Hillbillies , Petticoat Junction and Green Acres . The episodes are listed chronologically in order of original broadcast .   The Beverly Hillbillies ran for nine seasons from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 , airing a total of 274 episodes .   Petticoat Junction , a spin-off of The Beverly Hillbillies , ran for seven seasons from September 24 , 1963 , to April 4 , 1970 , airing a total of 222 episodes .   Green Acres , a spin-off of Petticoat Junction , ran for six seasons from September 15 , 1965 , to April 27 , 1971 , airing a total of 170 episodes .   All three series are set in the same universe and have aired a total of 665 episodes .

negative: Return of the Beverly Hillbillies Return of the Beverly Hillbillies is a 1981 American made-for-television comedy film based on the 1962 -- 1971 sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies starring original cast members Buddy Ebsen , Donna Douglas and Nancy Kulp reprising their respective roles of Jed Clampett , Elly May Clampett and Jane Hathaway , along with newcomers Werner Klemperer as C.D. Medford , Ray Young as Jethro Bodine and Imogene Coca as Granny 's 100-year-old mother ; noticeably absent from the cast were Irene Ryan ( Granny ) and Raymond Bailey ( Mr. Drysdale ) , who had both died in 1973 and 1980 respectively , and Max Baer Jr. ( the original Jethro ) , who declined to participate .   The film was produced and written by original series creator Paul Henning and was intended as a pilot for a proposed revival of the series , but this never materialized . Return of the Beverly Hillbillies premiered as The CBS Tuesday Night Movie on October 6 , 1981 .

negative: The Beverly Hillbillies (film) The Beverly Hillbillies is a 1993 American comedy film starring Jim Varney , Diedrich Bader , Erika Eleniak , Cloris Leachman , Lily Tomlin , Dabney Coleman , Lea Thompson , Rob Schneider and Penny Fuller . It is based on the 1962 -- 1971 TV series of the same name and features cameo appearances by Buddy Ebsen ( the original Jed Clampett , in his final motion picture appearance , playing his other classic character , Detective Barnaby Jones ) , Dolly Parton , and Zsa Zsa Gabor . The film was directed by Penelope Spheeris .   The film follows a poor hillbilly named Jed Clampett ( Jim Varney ) , who becomes a billionaire when he accidentally discovers crude oil after missing his target while hunting .

negative: Los Beverly de Peralvillo Los Beverly de Peralvillo is a Mexican sitcom that copied its overall format from `` The Beverly Hillbillies '' that originally aired from 1969 to 1973 . It stars Guillermo Rivas , Leonorilda Ochoa , Arturo Castro , and Amparo Arozamena as the main characters .   The series was a success and spawned two films , Los Beverly de Peralvillo ( 1971 ) and ¡ Qué familia tan cotorra ! ( 1973 ) , and a follow-up series , Los nuevos Beverly .

negative: Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 9) Season nine of Beverly Hills , 90210 , is an American drama television series began airing on September 16 , 1998 on Fox television network . The season concluded on May 19 , 1999 after 26 episodes . This season follows the gang into adulthood as they deal with numerous issues that adults face in their personal and professional lives such as dysfunctional families , alcohol abuse , infidelity , financial problems , statutory rape , gang violence , relationships , crime , careers , drug abuse , bulimia , and rape .   The ninth season aired Wednesday nights at 8/9c . The season was released on DVD as a seven disc boxed set under the title of Beverly Hills , 90210 : The Ninth Season by Paramount .

negative: Tammy (TV series) Tammy is an American sitcom , starring Debbie Watson in the title role . Produced by Universal City Studios , 26 color half-hour episodes were aired on ABC from September 17 , 1965 to March 11 , 1966 .   Tammy was loosely based on the three Tammy films ; Tammy and the Bachelor ( 1957 ) starring Debbie Reynolds ; Tammy Tell Me True ( 1961 ) ; and Tammy and the Doctor ( 1963 ) both starring Sandra Dee . The films themselves were adaptations of novels by Cid Ricketts Sumner . The series was also partially influenced by other rural-themed TV sitcoms such as The Beverly Hillbillies . In particular , there are similarities between Tammy 's Cletus Tarleton and The Beverly Hillbillies ' Jethro Bodine .

negative: Paul Henning Paul William Henning ( September 16 , 1911 -- March 25 , 2005 ) was an American producer and screenwriter . Most famous for the successful TV sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies , he was crucial in the development of several `` rural '' comedies for CBS .

negative: Sister show Sister shows are two or more television series which exist in the same fictional universe and which may have crossovers . They differ to a degree from spin-offs in that shows may air simultaneously , rather than being derived from , and replacing , another . The popularity of most series is limited to a few seasons , and sister shows allow expanding the immediate audience and ratings share . This is accomplished by using mostly different actors and production facilities . Sister shows often shift styles or target audience slightly , for a larger overall market . Thus The Beverly Hillbillies emphasizes slapstick , while Green Acres emphasizes surreal humor .

negative: The Ballad of Jed Clampett `` The Ballad of Jed Clampett '' was the theme song for The Beverly Hillbillies TV show and movie , providing the back story for the series . The song was written and composed by Paul Henning , and sung by Jerry Scoggins , who was accompanied by bluegrass musicians Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs . When the theme was released as a single , Flatt sang lead vocals instead .   The single version , released to radio and retail sale , merged both the opening and closing lyrics of the theme song from the television series . The first two verses ( starting with `` Come and listen to a story about a man named Jed '' and `` Well the first thing you know , old Jed 's a millionaire '' ) comprised the opening theme , while the closing theme ( `` Now it 's time to say goodbye to Jed and all his kin ... '' ) served as the third verse . A banjo-led bridge serves as the fill between verses and as the fade-out coda .   Although the first two seasons of The Beverly Hillbillies lapsed into the public domain , `` The Ballad of Jed Clampett '' did not and is typically edited out of public-domain releases of these episodes .

negative: Clampett Clampett may refer to :   The Bob Clampett Show , program on the Cartoon Network  The Ballad of Jed Clampett , theme song for the television series The Beverly Hillbillies , which ran from 1962 to 1971  Jed Clampett , fictional character played by Buddy Ebsen on the American comedy television series The Beverly Hillbillies

negative: Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 10) Season ten of Beverly Hills , 90210 , is an American drama television series began airing on September 8 , 1999 , on Fox television network . It was the final season of the series and concluded on May 17 , 2000 , after 27 episodes . This season follows the gang in adulthood as they deal with numerous issues that adults face in their personal and professional lives such as murder , pregnancy , commitment , homophobia , infidelity , parenthood , kidnappings , grief , alcoholism , marriage and their growing careers .   The final season was aired on Wednesday nights at 8/7c in the United States averaging 8.33 million viewers a week . The season was released to DVD under the title of Beverly Hills , 90210 : The Final Season by Paramount .   Initial plans of an eleventh season ( 2000 -- 2001 ) were to be developed but due to low ratings and high associated costs with production the show ended at its tenth season .

negative: Hollywood Hillbillies Hollywood Hillbillies is a 2014 American reality show ( in the Fly on the wall style ) featuring Claire Kittrell .

negative: Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 8) Season eight of Beverly Hills , 90210 , is an American drama television series , began airing on September 10 , 1997 on FOX television network . The season concluded on May 20 , 1998 after 32 episodes . This season follows the gang after college and into adulthood as they deal with numerous issues that adults face in their personal and professional lives such as terrible working conditions , rape allegations , relationships , infidelity , self-harm , sexual harassment , shootings , amnesia , parenthood , drug abuse , prostitution , homosexual rights , child molestation and crime .   The eighth season aired Wednesday nights at 8/9c . The season was released on DVD as a seven disc boxed set under the title of Beverly Hills , 90210 : The Eighth Season on November 24 , 2009 by Paramount .

negative: Beverly Hills, 90210 Beverly Hills , 90210 is an American drama television series that ran for ten seasons -- originally airing from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , on Fox , and was produced by Spelling Television in the United States -- and subsequently on numerous networks around the world . It is the first of five television series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The show follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California as they make their way through high school to college and into the adult world .   The show was created by Darren Star and executive producers Charles Rosin ( originally ) followed in later seasons by Aaron Spelling , E. Duke Vincent , Paul Waigner , Steve Wasserman , and Jessica Klein . The `` 90210 '' in the title refers to one of the city 's five ZIP codes .   The initial premise of the show was based on the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon ( Jason Priestley ) and Brenda Walsh ( Shannen Doherty ) experienced when they and their parents , Jim ( James Eckhouse ) and Cindy ( Carol Potter ) moved from Minneapolis , Minnesota to Beverly Hills . In addition to chronicling the friendships and romantic relationships of the characters , the show also addressed numerous topical issues such as date rape , gay rights , animal rights , alcoholism , drug abuse , domestic violence , sex , antisemitism , racism , teenage suicide , teenage pregnancy , and AIDS . Beverly Hills , 90210 was named one of the Best School Shows of All Time by AOL TV .   After a poor start in the ratings during its first season , the series gained popularity during the summer of 1991 , when Fox aired a special `` summer season '' of the show while most other series were in reruns . The series became one of Fox 's top shows when it began its next season that fall . Viewership increased dramatically and the cast members , particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry , became teen idols , while the series would make actresses Shannen Doherty , Jennie Garth and Tori Spelling household names in the US . The show also had many cast changes , with Garth , Spelling , Ian Ziering and Brian Austin Green being the only actors to appear during its entire run .

negative: Money for Nothing/Beverly Hillbillies* `` Money for Nothing/Beverly Hillbillies * '' is a song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is a cover of `` Money for Nothing '' by Dire Straits with the lyrics replaced by those of the The Beverly Hillbillies theme song . The music video , which appeared as part of Yankovic 's film UHF , is a parody of the `` Money for Nothing '' music video . The song features Dire Straits members Mark Knopfler on guitar and Guy Fletcher on synthesizer , Knopfler 's one condition for allowing the parody . Jim West , Yankovic 's own guitarist , then practiced the song for weeks . As a result of that and because Knopfler had become more relaxed after having played it for several years , West 's version sounded more like the original version .   The song is credited to Mark Knopfler and Sting ( writers of the original `` Money for Nothing '' ) and Paul Henning ( writer of `` The Ballad of Jed Clampett '' ) .

negative: King of the Hill King of the Hill is an American animated sitcom created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels that ran from January 12 , 1997 to September 13 , 2009 on Fox . It centered on the Hills , a middle-class American family in the fictional city of Arlen , Texas . It attempted to retain a realistic approach , seeking humor in the conventional and mundane aspects of everyday life .   Judge and Daniels conceived the series after a run with Judge 's Beavis and Butt-head on MTV , and the series debuted on the Fox network as a mid-season replacement on January 12 , 1997 , quickly becoming a hit . The series ' popularity led to worldwide syndication , and reruns aired nightly on Adult Swim . The show became one of Fox 's longest-running series ( third-longest as an animated series , after Family Guy and The Simpsons ) , and briefly held the record for the second longest running animated sitcom in history . In 2007 , it was named by Time magazine as one of the top 100 greatest television shows of all time . The title theme was written and performed by The Refreshments . King of the Hill won two Emmy Awards and was nominated for seven .   A total of 259 episodes episodes aired over the course of its 13 seasons . The final episode aired on Fox on September 13 , 2009 . Four episodes from the final season were to have aired on Fox , but later premiered in nightly syndication from May 3 to 6 , 2010 . King of the Hill was a joint production by 3 Arts Entertainment , Deedle-Dee Productions , Judgemental Films , and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television .

negative: Stacy King Stacy King is a former character actress of the 1960s . Red-haired and tall , King had guest-starring roles in Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Gomer Pyle , U.S.M.C. and The Beverly Hillbillies on television , and featured roles in movies The Sweet Ride and Skidoo .

negative: List of King of the Hill episodes King of the Hill is an American animated television series created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels . The series focuses on the Hills , a middle-class American family in the fictional city of Arlen , Texas . It originally aired on Fox from January 12 , 1997 to September 13 , 2009 ; with four episodes from the final season premiering in syndication from May 3 to May 6 , 2010 . A total of 259 episodes aired over the course of 13 seasons .

negative: One Tree Hill (season 9) The ninth and final season of One Tree Hill , an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB Television Network . The series was officially renewed by The CW for a ninth season on May 17 , 2011 ; two days later , the network announced that the ninth season would serve as the series ' final season . Premiering on January 11 , 2012 , the series aired its 13 episodes uninterrupted .   Series leads Bethany Joy Lenz and Sophia Bush continue as full-time regulars , while James Lafferty returned as a part-time regular . Paul Johansson and Tyler Hilton both return to the show for the final season as regulars , whilst former series regulars Chad Michael Murray , Antwon Tanner , Barbara Alyn Woods , and Craig Sheffer guest star .   The season opened to 1.75 million viewers and a 0.9 Adults 18 -- 49 rating , up 26 % in viewers compared to its season eight finale . The final episode aired on April 4 , 2012 , concluding the series with 1.43 million viewers .

negative: Jane Hathaway Jane Hathaway may refer to :   a character in The Beverly Hillbillies  Jane Hathaway , pseudonym for composer John Stepan Zamecnik  Jane Hathaway ( academic )

negative: Nancy Kulp Nancy Jane Kulp ( August 28 , 1921 -- February 3 , 1991 ) was an American character actress best known as Miss Jane Hathaway on the popular CBS television series The Beverly Hillbillies .

negative: Gloria Neil Gloria Neil ( born January 13 , 1941 ) is an American television and film actress . She is best known for her roles on The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and The Beverly Hillbillies , as well as the 1960s-era films The Beach Girls and the Monster and The Karate Killers .

negative: Not the Tremblin' Kind Not the Tremblin ' Kind is the debut album by American singer-songwriter Laura Cantrell . It was originally released in 2000 on Diesel Only Records . The album bears a dedication to `` the original Beverly Hillbilly '' , Zeke Manners .

negative: Bearcats! Bearcats ! is an American Western television series broadcast on the CBS television network during the Fall 1971 television season . It starred Rod Taylor and Dennis Cole as troubleshooters in the period before America entered World War I.   Bearcats ! was produced by Filmways Inc. ( which previously produced many series including The Addams Family , Mister Ed , The Beverly Hillbillies , Green Acres , and Petticoat Junction ) . It was co-produced by Rodlor , Rod Taylor 's production firm .

negative: Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 7) Season seven of Beverly Hills , 90210 , an American drama television series , began airing on August 21 , 1996 on Fox television network . The season concluded on May 21 , 1997 after 32 episodes . This season follows the gang during their senior year of college as they deal with issues that young adults face such as hostage situations , relationships , racism , infidelity , HIV/AIDS , natural disasters , alcoholism , depression , drug use , pregnancy , suicide attempts , miscarriages , and sex .   The seventh season aired Wednesday nights at 8/9c in the United States averaging 13.2 million viewers . The season was released on DVD as a seven disc boxed set under the title of Beverly Hills , 90210 : The Seventh Season on April 7 , 2009 by Paramount .

negative: Bourbon Square Casino Bourbon Square Casino was a casino in downtown Sparks , Nevada . The property opened in 1982 and operated until January 11 , 2009 as Silver Club . The property reopened on August 1 , 2013 and operated until February 5 , 2015 .   In August 2009 , Max Baer Jr. , who played Jethro Bodine in the Beverly Hillbillies began looking into purchasing the property and turning it into Jethro 's Beverly Hillbillies Hotel & Casino . Mr. Baer has tried to develop a Northern Nevada casino in at least 4 other locations . However , the plan , like his others , never came into fruition .

negative: The Hillbilly Bears The Hillbilly Bears is an animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions which aired as a segment on The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show from October 2 , 1965 to September 7 , 1967 .

negative: Robby Stewart Robby Ray Stewart is a fictional character from the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana , portrayed by Billy Ray Cyrus . Robby is the single father of Jackson Stewart ( Jason Earles ) and Miley Stewart ( Miley Cyrus ) . He appears in all episodes in seasons 1 and 2 , is absent for 3 episodes in season 3 , and is absent for 1 episode in season 4 .   The character is based on Jed Clampett , the main character of The Beverly Hillbillies , even to the point of using Jed 's famous catchphrase Well doggies ! .

negative: List of Beverly Hills, 90210 episodes Beverly Hills , 90210 is a United States primetime teen drama which ran on the FOX network for ten years , from October 4 , 1990 to May 17 , 2000 . The series lasted for 304 episodes ( a two-part pilot , 292 regular episodes and 11 specials ) . Note that the original pilot , which subsequently has aired , is not the original pilot of the show which did air .

negative: Raymond Bailey Raymond Thomas Bailey ( May 6 , 1904 -- April 15 , 1980 ) was an American actor on the Broadway stage , films , and television . He is best known for his role as wealthy banker , Milburn Drysdale , in the television series The Beverly Hillbillies .

negative: Just the Ten of Us Just the Ten of Us is an American sitcom starring stand-up comedian Bill Kirchenbauer as Coach Graham Lubbock , a teacher and the head of a large Catholic family with eight children living in Eureka , California . The series is a spin-off of Growing Pains , in which Kirchenbauer portrayed the same character on a recurring basis . As the series progressed , Coach Lubbock 's four eldest daughters , the teenagers Marie ( Heather Langenkamp ) , Cindy ( Jamie Luner ) , Wendy ( Brooke Theiss ) , and Connie ( JoAnn Willette ) , became the primary focus of the show .   Just the Ten of Us aired on ABC starting with a trial run on April 26 , 1988 and ending on May 17 , 1990 . After the first four episodes in an abbreviated first season were aired , the show was renewed for two more seasons , eventually ending after 47 episodes on May 4 , 1990 . The show was a part of ABC 's early TGIF programming block .


query: San Francisco Bay Area contains zero national parks.

positive: San Francisco Bay Area The San Francisco Bay Area ( referred to locally as the Bay Area ) is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California . The region encompasses the major cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose , San Francisco , and Oakland , along with smaller urban and rural areas . The Bay Area 's nine counties are Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Francisco , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , and Sonoma . Home to approximately 7.68 million people , the nine-county Bay Area contains many cities , towns , airports , and associated regional , state , and national parks , connected by a network of roads , highways , railroads , bridges , tunnels and commuter rail . The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California ( after the Greater Los Angeles area ) , the fifth-largest in the United States , and the 43rd-largest urban area in the world .   The Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States , and is known for its natural beauty , liberal politics , entrepreneurship , and diversity . The area ranks second in highest density of college graduates , and performs above the state median household income in the 2010 census ; it includes the five highest California counties by per capita income and two of the top 25 wealthiest counties in the United States . Based on a 2013 population report from the California Department of Finance , the Bay Area is the only region in California where the rate of people migrating in from other areas in the United States is greater than the rate of those leaving the region , led by Alameda and Contra Costa counties .

negative: Presidio of San Francisco The Presidio of San Francisco ( originally , El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis ) is a park and former U.S. Army military fort on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco , California , and is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area .   It had been a fortified location since September 17 , 1776 , when New Spain established it to gain a foothold on Alta California and the San Francisco Bay . It passed to Mexico , which in turn passed it to the United States in 1848 . As part of a 1989 military reduction program under the Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) process , Congress voted to end the Presidio 's status as an active military installation of the U.S. Army . On October 1 , 1994 , it was transferred to the National Park Service , ending 219 years of military use and beginning its next phase of mixed commercial and public use .   In 1996 , the United States Congress created the Presidio Trust to oversee and manage the interior 80 % of the park 's lands , with the National Park Service managing the coastal 20 % . In a first-of-its-kind structure , Congress mandated that the Presidio Trust make the Presidio financially self-sufficient by 2013 , which it achieved eight years ahead of the scheduled deadline .   The park is characterized by many wooded areas , hills , and scenic vistas overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge , San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean . It was recognized as a California Historical Landmark in 1933 and as a National Historic Landmark in 1962 .

negative: List of cities and towns in the San Francisco Bay Area The San Francisco Bay Area , commonly known as the Bay Area , is a metropolitan region surrounding the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay estuaries in Northern California . According to the 2010 United States Census , the region has over 7.1 million inhabitants and approximately 6900 sqmi of land . The region is home to three major cities : San Francisco , San Jose , and Oakland .   The Bay Area has been inhabited since antiquity , first by the Ohlone and Miwok peoples , followed by the Spanish , who first arrived in 1769 and established the area 's first mission , Mission San Francisco de Asís , in 1776 . After being ceded to the United States in 1848 , the Bay Area grew immensely due to the California Gold Rush , establishing itself as one of the most important regions on the West Coast . Today , the Bay Area is the home of Silicon Valley , Wine Country , and numerous companies , universities , bridges , airports , and parks .   The Bay Area consists of nine counties ( Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Francisco , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , and Sonoma ) and 101 municipalities . One , San Francisco , is a consolidated city -- county . California law makes no distinction between `` city '' and `` town '' , and municipalities may use either term in their official names . The first municipalities to incorporate were Benicia and San Jose on March 27 , 1850 , while the most recent was Oakley on July 1 , 1999 . The largest municipality by population and land area is San Jose with 945,942 residents and 176.53 sqmi . The smallest by population is Colma with 1,792 people , while the smallest by land area is Belvedere at 0.52 sqmi .   __ TOC __

negative: San Francisco Bay AVA The San Francisco Bay AVA is a large American Viticultural Area centered on the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California . The AVA includes the counties of Alameda , Contra Costa , Santa Clara , San Francisco and San Mateo as well as parts of Santa Cruz and San Benito counties . The AVA was created in 1999 and encompasses over 1500000 acre . The AVA falls within the larger Central Coast AVA , four smaller designated AVAs are contained within it : Livermore Valley AVA , Pacheco Pass AVA , San Ysidro District AVA , and Santa Clara Valley AVA .

negative: Hydrography of the San Francisco Bay Area The Hydrography of the San Francisco Bay Area is a complex network of watersheds , marshes , rivers , creeks , reservoirs , and bays predominantly draining into the San Francisco Bay and Pacific Ocean .

negative: Lafayette Park (San Francisco) Lafayette Park is an 11.49 acre park in San Francisco , California , United States . Originally created in 1936 , it is located in the neighborhood of Pacific Heights between the streets of Washington , Sacramento , Gough , and Laguna . Located on a hill , the park offers views of many areas , including the city 's Marina district , Alcatraz Island and the San Francisco Bay , Buena Vista Park , and Twin Peaks . In addition to both open and treed green spaces , the park includes two tennis courts , a children 's playground , an off-leash dog area , restroom facilities , and a picnic area .

negative: San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve The San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve ( San Francisco Bay NERR ) is one of 27 reserves established as part of the United States National Estuarine Research Reserve System . The reserve is used to promote San Francisco Bay wetlands and estuary research , education , and stewardship .

negative: Fort Point, San Francisco Fort Point is a masonry seacoast fortification located at the southern side of the Golden Gate at the entrance to San Francisco Bay . This fort was completed just before the American Civil War by the United States Army , to defend San Francisco Bay against hostile warships . The fort is now protected as Fort Point National Historic Site , a United States National Historic Site administered by the National Park Service as a unit of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area .

negative: Point Pinole Regional Shoreline The Point Pinole Regional Shoreline is a regional park on the shores of the San Pablo Bay , California ( the northern arm of the San Francisco Bay ) . It is approximately 9 km2 in area , and is operated by the East Bay Regional Park District .

negative: San Francisco Peninsula The San Francisco Peninsula is a peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area that separates San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean . On its northern tip is the City and County of San Francisco . Its southern base is in northern Santa Clara County , including the cities of Palo Alto , Mountain View and Los Altos . Most of the Peninsula is occupied by San Mateo County , between San Francisco and Santa Clara counties , and including the cities and towns of Atherton , Belmont , Brisbane , Burlingame , Colma , Daly City , East Palo Alto , El Granada , Foster City , Hillsborough , Half Moon Bay , La Honda , Los Altos , Menlo Park , Millbrae , Mountain View , Pacifica , Palo Alto , Portola Valley , Redwood City , San Bruno , San Carlos , San Mateo , South San Francisco , and Woodside .   Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula , in local jargon , `` The Peninsula '' does not include the city of San Francisco .

negative: Muir Woods National Monument Muir Woods National Monument is a unit of the National Park Service on Mount Tamalpais near the Pacific coast , in southwestern Marin County , California . It is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area , and is 12 mi north of San Francisco . It protects 554 acre , of which 240 acre are old growth coast redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ) forests , one of a few such stands remaining in the San Francisco Bay Area .

negative: Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area The San Francisco Bay Area , which includes the major cities of San Francisco , Oakland , San Jose , hosts seven major league sports franchises , as well as several other professional and college sports teams , and hosts other sports events .

negative: North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area) The North Bay is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area , in California , United States . The largest city is Santa Rosa , which is the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area . It is the location of the Napa and Sonoma wine regions , and is by far the least populous and least urbanized part of the Bay Area . It consists of Marin , Napa , Solano , and Sonoma counties , with a combined population of more than 1.2 million .

negative: San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area The San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area is a 12-county Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget in Northern California that includes the San Francisco Bay Area . The CSA is more extensive than the popular local definition of the Bay Area , which consists of only the nine counties bordering San Francisco and San Pablo Bays : Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Francisco , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , and Sonoma . This group of counties also elects boards for regional planning and air quality control regulation . The CSA includes the three counties of San Joaquin , Santa Cruz , and San Benito that do not border San Francisco or San Pablo Bay , but are economically tied to the nine counties that do .   The CSA ranks as the fifth most populous combined statistical area of the United States , and second in California .

negative: History of the Japanese in San Francisco There is a Japanese American and a Japanese national population in San Francisco and the San Francisco Bay Area .

negative: Tomales Bay State Park Tomales Bay State Park is a California state park in Marin County , California . It consists of approximately 2,000 acres ( 8 km ² ) divided between two areas , one on the west side of Tomales Bay and the other on the east side . The main area , on the west , is part of the Point Reyes peninsula , and adjacent to Point Reyes National Seashore , which is operated by the U.S. National Park Service . The park is approximately 40 miles ( 64 km ) north of San Francisco .

negative: List of San Francisco Bay Area wildflowers A List of San Francisco Bay Area wildflowers . The San Francisco Bay Area is unusual , for a major metropolitan area , in having ready access to rural and wilderness areas , as well as major urban parks . Particularly in spring , these offer a rich range of wild flowers .

negative: List of Michelin starred restaurants in the San Francisco Bay Area This article contains a complete list of Michelin starred restaurants in San Francisco Bay Area since 2007 . The San Francisco guide was the second North American city chosen to have its own Michelin Guide . Unlike the other US guides which focus mainly in the city proper , the San Francisco guide includes all the major cities in the Bay Area : San Francisco , Oakland , San Jose and Berkeley , as well as Wine Country , which includes Napa and Sonoma .

negative: Geography of California California is a U.S. state on the western coast of North America . Covering an area of 163,696 sqmi , California is geographically diverse . The Sierra Nevada , the fertile farmlands of the Central Valley , and the arid Mojave Desert of the south are some of the major geographic features of this U.S. state . It is home to some of the world 's most exceptional trees : the tallest ( coast redwood ) , most massive ( Giant Sequoia ) , and oldest ( bristlecone pine ) . It is also home to both the highest ( Mt. Whitney ) and lowest ( Death Valley ) points in the 48 contiguous states .   The state is generally divided into Northern and Southern California , although the boundary between the two is not well defined . San Francisco is decidedly a Northern California city and Los Angeles likewise a Southern California one , but areas in between do not often share their confidence in geographic identity . The US Geological Survey defines the geographic center of the state at a point near North Fork , California .   Earth scientists typically divide the state into eleven distinct geomorphic provinces with clearly defined boundaries . They are , from north to south , the Klamath Mountains , the Cascade Range , the Modoc Plateau , the Basin and Range , the Coast Ranges , the Central Valley , the Sierra Nevada , the Transverse Ranges , the Mojave Desert , the Peninsular Ranges , and the Colorado Desert .

negative: San Francisco Bay Trail The San Francisco Bay Trail is a bicycle and pedestrian trail that will eventually allow continuous travel around the shoreline of San Francisco Bay . As of 2016 , 350 mi of trail have been completed . When finished , the Bay Trail will extend over 500 miles ( 805 km ) to link the shoreline of nine counties , passing through 47 cities and crossing seven toll bridges . It is a project of the Association of Bay Area Governments ( ABAG ) .   The Bay Trail is a collaboration between elected officials , government agencies , private companies , non-profit organizations , advocacy groups and the public to increase access to the edge of the bay . It provides recreational opportunities for hikers and bicyclists ; offers a setting for wildlife viewing and environmental education ; and serves as a bicycle transportation corridor . The Bay Trail provides access to points of historic , natural and cultural interest , and to numerous recreational areas , including over 130 parks . The Bay Trail consists of paved paths , gravel trails , bike lanes or sidewalks .

negative: San Francisco Maritime National Park Association The San Francisco Maritime National Park Association was founded in 1950 as the San Francisco Maritime Museum Association to operate then independent Maritime Museum . In 1978 the Maritime Museum was transferred to the National Park Service , and it now forms the core of the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park .   Today the association supports the National Historical Park . It also preserves and operates , independently of the National Historic Park , the World War II submarine , which is moored at Pier 45 in San Francisco 's Fisherman 's Wharf area .

negative: Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy Founded in 1981 , the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy is a nonprofit membership organization that supports park stewardship and conservation in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area -- the most visited national park in the U.S.   Recognized as one of the largest park partners in the country , the Parks Conservancy has provided nearly $ 300 million in aid to support San Francisco Bay Area parks including the Presidio of San Francisco , Crissy Field , Muir Woods National Monument , Lands End , and Alcatraz Island . The organization has received a Three-Star Charity rating from Charity Navigator .   Considered a model for urban park management worldwide , the Parks Conservancy 's work is made possible through the support of its members and donors , contributions from foundations , businesses , public agencies , and individuals ; as well as earned income from the operation of park stores , cafes , and tours . Parks Conservancy-funded projects are visible across the parks ' 80,000 acres as part of site transformations , trail improvements , habitat restoration , research and conservation , volunteer and youth engagement , and interpretive and educational programs .   The Parks Conservancy works closely with several partners including the National Park Service ( NPS ) and the Presidio Trust to accomplish its mission to preserve the Golden Gate National Parks , enhance the experience of park visitors , and build a community dedicated to conserving the parks for the future . The Parks Conservancy is the official support organization for the Golden Gate National Recreation area , and is one of more than 70 such nonprofit organizations working with national parks across the U.S.   Recent projects include the Tamalpais Lands Collaborative ( TLC ) , a new public-private partnership that will bring together the resources , skills , and philanthropy of the National Park Service , California State Parks , Marin Municipal Water District , Marin County Parks , and the Parks Conservancy to support conservation , stewardship , and public enjoyment of the Mount Tamalpais region in Marin County , California . The Parks Conservancy is also collaborating with the Presidio Trust and the NPS on the New Presidio Parklands Project , that will create 10 acres of new national parkland in the Presidio of San Francisco , bridging the new Presidio Parkway tunnel that connects the Golden Gate Bridge to the city street grid .

negative: Briones Regional Park Briones Regional Park is a 6117 acre regional park in the East Bay Regional Park District ( EBRPD ) system , located in the Briones Hills of central Contra Costa County of the San Francisco Bay Area in California .

negative: Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve is a 241 acre regional park and nature reserve in the Berkeley Hills , in the eastern East Bay ( San Francisco Bay Area ) region of the San Francisco Bay Area of California . It is within Alameda and Contra Costa Counties . It is a park within the East Bay Regional Parks District system .   The Preserve is named after the California Huckleberry ( Vaccinium ovatum ) which grows abundantly within its habitat .

negative: San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park The San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park is located in San Francisco , California , United States . The park includes a fleet of historic vessels , a visitor center , a maritime museum , and a library/research facility . The park is sometimes referred to as the San Francisco Maritime Museum , its former 1951 name that changed in 1978 when the collections were acquired by the National Park Service . Today 's San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park was authorized in 1988 ; the maritime museum is among the park 's many cultural resources . The park also incorporates the Aquatic Park Historic District , bounded by Van Ness Avenue , Polk Street , and Hyde Street .

negative: Channel Islands National Park Channel Islands National Park is a United States national park that consists of five of the eight Channel Islands off the coast of the U.S. state of California , in the Pacific Ocean . Although the islands are close to the shore of densely populated Southern California , their isolation has left them relatively undeveloped . The park covers 249,561 acre of which 79,019 acre are owned by the federal government . The Nature Conservancy owns and manages 76 % of Santa Cruz Island , the largest island in the park .   Channel Islands National Park is home to a wide variety of significant natural and cultural resources . It was designated a U.S. National Monument on April 26 , 1938 , and a National Biosphere Reserve in 1976 . It was promoted to a National Park on March 5 , 1980 . Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary encompasses the waters six nautical miles around Channel Islands National Park .

negative: Lists of San Francisco Bay Area topics This is a list of lists of San Francisco Bay Area topics , lists related to the San Francisco Bay Area , California , and its various subregions , excluding lists specific to the city of San Francisco itself . For the San Francisco-related lists , see Lists of San Francisco topics .

negative: East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area) The eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area , commonly referred to as the East Bay , includes cities along the eastern shores of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay . The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties . With a population of roughly 2.5 million in 2010 , it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area .   Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay and the third largest in the Bay Area . The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast , and its port is the largest in Northern California . Increased population has led to the growth of such large edge cities as Berkeley , Hayward , Concord and Fremont .

negative: San Francisco Parks Trust San Francisco Parks Trust was a U.S. non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and enhancement of parks in San Francisco , California . In 2011 the San Francisco Parks Council and San Francisco Parks Trust merged to form the new San Francisco Parks Alliance .

negative: History of San Francisco The history of the city of San Francisco , California , and its development as a center of maritime trade , were shaped by its location at the entrance to a large natural harbor . San Francisco is the name of both the city and the county , which share the same boundaries . Starting overnight as the base for the gold rush of 1849 , the city quickly became the largest and most important population , commercial , naval , and financial center in the West . It was devastated by a great earthquake and fire in 1906 but was quickly rebuilt . The San Francisco Federal Reserve Branch opened in 1914 , and San Francisco is ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index ( GFCI ) and has grown wealthier by its proximity to Silicon Valley .

negative: San Francisco Residence Parks The San Francisco Residence Parks are located in the western neighborhoods of San Francisco . The first of the master-planned residence parks to be built on the West side of the city was Presidio Terrace in 1905 . This was followed by St. Francis Wood , Sea Cliff , Lincoln Manor , West Clay Park , Forest Hill , Balboa Terrace , Ingleside Terraces , and Jordan Park .   The master-planned residence parks in San Francisco were landscaped plots created to replicate the feeling of suburban living in close proximity to downtown San Francisco . `` Inspired by lofty ideals of the City Beautiful and Garden City movements , residence parks had curving boulevards and lush landscaping - trees , greens , and neoclassical ornamentation such as pillars , gateways , public stairways , and sundials . '' San Francisco 's residence parks all had significant restrictions , including prohibitions on commercial activity , yard size , minimum construction costs , and , initially , racial covenants .   After the 1906 earthquake and fire in San Francisco , residence parks in San Francisco were promoted to white collar residents as an alternative to new housing developments in the East Bay and South Bay Peninsula . Sales increased significantly in the 1920s , and by the 1930s most tracks in San Francisco residence parks were already constructed .

negative: California Coast Ranges (reserve) The California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve ( established 1983 ) is a UNESCO Biosphere reserve located along the California Coast Ranges of northern California and the San Francisco Bay area . This biosphere reserve includes a highly diverse complex of evergreen sclerophyllous woodland , coastal , estuary and marine ecosystems .

negative: List of species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area This is a list of species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area , the nine California counties which border on San Francisco Bay . The area has a number of highly diverse , local bioregions , including San Bruno Mountain .