query: Which states of Germany are governed by the Social Democratic Party?

positive: Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (/ˈbaːdən vɜrtəmˌbɜrɡ/; German pronunciation: [ˈbaːdən ˈvʏʁtəmˌbɛʁk]) is a state of Germany located in the southwest, east of the Upper Rhine. It is Germany’s third largest state in terms of size and population, with an area of 35,742 square kilometres (13,800 sq mi) and 10.7 million inhabitants.

positive: Bremen (state) The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen, pronounced [ˈbʁeːmən]) is the smallest of Germany's 16 states. A more informal name, but used in some official contexts, is Land Bremen ('State of Bremen').The state consists of two cities (Bremen and Bremerhaven) in the North of Germany, separated from each other and surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony.

positive: Christian Social Union in Bavaria The Christian Social Union in Bavaria (About this sound CSU – Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern ) is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany. The CSU operates only in Bavaria, while its larger sister party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), operates in the other fifteen states of Germany.

positive: History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany The foundation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) can be traced back to the 1860s and for much of the 20th and 21st centuries it has represented the centre-left in German politics. The SPD has had several spells in government, first under Friedrich Ebert in 1918. The party was outlawed in Nazi Germany but returned to government, in 1969, with Willy Brandt. Meanwhile, the East German branch of the SPD was merged with the ruling KPD.

positive: List of social democratic parties This is a list of parties in the world that consider themselves to be upholding the principles and values of social democracy. Some of the parties are also members of the Socialist International, Party of European Socialists or the Progressive Alliance. Note that, in some cases, a party's self-described adherence to social democracy may be disputed by its critics.

positive: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [ˈmeːklənbʊʁk ˈfoːɐ̯pɔmɐn] (also known as Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in English, nicknamed MV or MeckPomm) is a federated state in northern Germany. The capital city is Schwerin.

positive: North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen) [ˈnɔʁtʁaɪ̯n vɛstˈfaːlən]) is the most populous state of Germany, as well as the fourth largest by area. North Rhine-Westphalia was formed in 1946 as a merger of the northern Rhineland and Westphalia, both formerly parts of Prussia. Its capital is Düsseldorf; the biggest city is Cologne. Four of Germany's ten biggest cities—Cologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, and Essen—are located in North Rhine-Westphalia.

positive: Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany) The Party of Democratic Socialism (German: Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus, PDS) was a democratic socialist political party in Germany active between 1989 and 2007. It was the legal successor to the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which ruled the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) as a one-party state until 1990. From 1990 through to 2005, the PDS had been seen as the left-wing "party of the East".

positive: Politics of Bavaria The Politics of Bavaria takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Bavaria.

positive: Politics of Lower Saxony The Politics of Lower Saxony takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Lower Saxony. Since 1948 politics in the state has been dominated by the rightist Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the leftist Social Democratic Party.

positive: Social Democratic Party of Germany The Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) is a social-democratic political party in Germany.

positive: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany The Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, abbreviated as SDAP) was a Marxist socialist political party in the North German Confederation during the period of unification. Founded in Eisenach in 1869, the SDAP endured through the early years of the German Empire. Often termed the Eisenachers, the SDAP was one of the first political organizations established among the nascent German labor unions of the nineteenth century.

negative: Andrea Nahles Andrea Maria Nahles (born 20 June 1970 in Mendig, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German politician, currently Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs (since 2013), a Bundestag representative for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and former SPD Youth leader.  She is known within the party for criticising Gerhard Schröder's Agenda 2010 and is thus identified with the SPD's left wing.

negative: Annemarie Renger Annemarie Renger (née Wildung), (7 October 1919 in Leipzig – 3 March 2008 in Remagen-Oberwinter), was a German politician for the “Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands” (Social Democratic Party of Germany - SPD).In 1972 she was the first woman to become President of the Bundestag.

negative: Arthur Crispien Arthur Crispien (4 November 1875 – 29 November 1946) was a German Social Democratic politician.

negative: August Bebel Ferdinand August Bebel (22 February 1840 – 13 August 1913) was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator. He is best remembered as one of the founders of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP) in 1869, which in 1875 merged with the General German Workers' Association into the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).

negative: Berlin Berlin (/bərˈlɪn/, German: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn]) is the capital of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people, it is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of Rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about six million residents from over 180 nations.

negative: Berlin state election, 2011 The last Berlin state election was held on 18 September 2011, to elect members to the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Deputies) of Berlin.  All 141 seats were up for election. Berlin was governed by a coalition between the Social Democratic Party and The Left at the time. Current mayor Klaus Wowereit was the favourite heading into Sunday's election.The SPD won the most seats, 48, despite losing five.  The Left also lost three seats, making a renewal of the two parties' red-red coalition impossible.

negative: Bernard Koenen Bernard Koenen (born Hamburg 17 February 1889: died Berlin 30 April 1964) was a German politician.Between 1953 and 1958 he served as his country's ambassador to Czechoslovakia.

negative: Brandenburg Brandenburg (About this sound listen ; Low German: Brannenborg, Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska; Polish: Brandenburgia) is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany. The capital is Potsdam.It lies in the east of the country and is one of the federal states that was re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany.

negative: Brandenburg state election, 2009 State elections were held in Brandenburg on 27 September 2009, the same day as the German federal elections and the Schleswig-Holstein state elections. The elections determined control of the Landtag of Brandenburg (Brandenburg's legislature).Entering the election, the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Christian Democratic Union (CDU) governed together in a grand coalition headed by Minister-President Matthias Platzeck (SPD). Platzeck once again ran as the top candidate for the SPD.

negative: British Columbia New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (BC NDP) is a social-democratic provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada, and governed the province from 1972 to 1975, and then again from 1991 to 2001, losing power that year to the BC Liberals. Following the 2013 provincial election in British Columbia, the party remains the official opposition to the governing British Columbia Liberal Party (BC Liberals).The BC NDP is the provincial arm of the federal New Democratic Party (NDP).

negative: Bruno Diekmann Bruno Diekmann (April 19, 1897 – January 11, 1982) was a German politician (SPD) from Kiel and Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein (1949–1950). From May 5, 1991 – May 11, 1992, Diekmann was the oldest former Minister-President of Germany, preceded by Max Seydewitz. He is still the oldest Minister-President of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), succeeded by Werner Bruschke of the GDR.

negative: Christian Democratic Union of Germany The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (German: Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands, CDU; German pronunciation: [ˈkʁɪstlɪç ˌdemoˈkʁaːtɪʃə uˈni̯oːn ˈdɔʏtʃlants]) is a Christian democratic and liberal-conservative political party in Germany. It is the major catch-all party of the centre-right in German politics.

negative: Clara Zetkin Clara Zetkin (née Eissner; 5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, activist, and advocate for women's rights.

negative: Conservatism Conservatism as a political and social philosophy promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others, called reactionaries, oppose modernism and seek a return to "the way things were".

negative: Czech Social Democratic Party The Czech Social Democratic Party (Czech: Česká strana sociálně demokratická, ČSSD) is a social-democratic political party in the Czech Republic. It holds 50 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, making it the largest party. ČSSD leads the governing Cabinet of the Czech Republic since 2013.

negative: Democracy Democracy, or democratic government, is "a system of government in which all the people of a state or polity ... are involved in making decisions about its affairs, typically by voting to elect representatives to a parliament or similar assembly," as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary.

negative: Democratic Party (United States) The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party to its right.

negative: Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro The Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crne Gore, Демократска Партија Социјалиста Црне Горе, DPS) is a social-democratic political party in Montenegro. It is one of the major parties in the politics of Montenegro.The party was formed in 1991 as the successor of the League of Communists of Montenegro, which had governed Montenegro within the Yugoslav federation since World War II.

negative: Democratic Party of Virginia The Democratic Party of Virginia is based in Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is affiliated with the national Democratic Party of the United States. The organization is governed by a State Party Plan, which guarantees an open and fair candidate selection process.

negative: Democratic socialism Democratic socialism is a political ideology advocating a democratic political system alongside a socialist economic system, involving a combination of political democracy with social ownership of the means of production. Sometimes used synonymously with "socialism", the adjective "democratic" is added to distinguish itself from the Marxist–Leninist brand of socialism.Democratic socialism is distinguished from both the Soviet model of centralized socialism and social democracy.

negative: Eduard Bernstein Eduard Bernstein (6 January 1850 – 18 December 1932) was a German social democratic political theorist and politician, a member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), and the founder of evolutionary socialism, social democracy and revisionism. Bernstein had held close association to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but he saw flaws in Marxist thinking and began to criticize views held by Marxism when he investigated and challenged the Marxist materialist theory of history.

negative: Emil Barth Emil Barth (Heidelberg, 23 April 1879 - Berlin, 17 July 1941) was a German Social Democratic metal worker who became a key figure in the German Revolution of 1918. Barth joined the anti-war Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) in 1917, and became leader of the revolutionary shop stewards in January 1918.

negative: Emmy Kaemmerer Emmy Kaemmerer (born 1890) was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party.Kaemmerer was born on 21 May 1890, her place and date of death are unknown.In 1919 and 20, she was a member of the Hamburg Parliament.

negative: Ernst Niekisch Ernst Niekisch (23 May 1889 – 23 May 1967) was a German politician. Initially associated with mainstream left-wing politics he later became a prominent exponent of National Bolshevism.

negative: Ernst Thälmann Ernst Thälmann (16 April 1886 – 18 August 1944) was the leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during much of the Weimar Republic. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1933 and held in solitary confinement for eleven years, before being shot in Buchenwald on Adolf Hitler's orders in 1944. During the Spanish Civil War, several units of German republican volunteers (most notably the Thälmann Battalion of the International Brigades) were named in his honour.

negative: Far-right politics Far-right politics are right-wing politics to the right of the mainstream centre right on the traditional left-right spectrum. They often involve a focus on tradition as opposed to policies and customs that are regarded as reflective of modernism. They tend to include disregard or disdain for egalitarianism, if not overt support for social inequality and social hierarchy, elements of social conservatism and opposition to most forms of liberalism and socialism.

negative: Franz Müntefering Franz Müntefering [fʁants ˈmʏntəˌfeʁɪŋ] (born 16 January 1940) is a German politician and industrial manager. He was Chairman of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from 2004 to 2005 and again from 18 October 2008 to 13 November 2009. He was Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, as well as Vice-Chancellor, from 2005 to 2007.

negative: Garrelt Duin Garrelt Duin (born 2 April 1968 in Leer, Lower Saxony) is a German politician.

negative: German federal election, 2009 German federal elections took place on 27 September 2009 to elect the members of the Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany.  Preliminary results showed that the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), its Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) won the election, and the three parties announced their intention to form a new centre-right government with Angela Merkel as Chancellor.

negative: Hamburg Hamburg (/ˈhæmbɜrɡ/; German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊʁk], local pronunciation [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç]; Low German/Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhambɔːx]), officially Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg  (Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg), is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union. It is also the thirteenth largest German state.

negative: Heinrich Laufenberg Heinrich Laufenberg (19 January 1872 – 3 February 1932) was a leading German communist and was one of the first to develop the idea of National Bolshevism. Laufenberg was a history academic by profession and was also known by the pseudonym Karl Erler.

negative: Hugo Haase Hugo Haase (29 September 1863 – 7 November 1919) was a German socialist politician, jurist and pacifist. With Friedrich Ebert he was co-chairman of the Rat der Volksbeauftragten after the German Revolution in 1918.

negative: Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of left wing members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The organization attempted to chart a centrist course between electorally oriented revisionism on the one hand and bolshevism on the other.

negative: Juso-Hochschulgruppen The Juso-Hochschulgruppen are a part of the Young Socialists in the SPD and represent the student wing of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. They took over the role of the student wing after the party split with the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund in 1961 and its replacement, the Sozialdemokratischer Hochschulbund (SHB), had become too radical by 1972.

negative: Kurt Beck Kurt Beck (born 5 February 1949) is a German politician (SPD), serving as the Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1994 to 2013 and as President of the Bundesrat in 2000/01. On 14 May 2006 he succeeded Matthias Platzeck as chairman of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD). He resigned from that post on 7 September 2008.On 28 September 2012 he announced  his resignation from the post of minister-president.

negative: Kurt Eisner Kurt Eisner (14 May 1867 – 21 February 1919) was a German-jewish  journalist, theatre critic, and pacifist.  As a socialist journalist and statesman, he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918.He is used as an example of charismatic authority by Max Weber. Weber referred to Eisner's "war guilt lie" to oust the democratic republic for a communist dictatorship.  He proclaimed the Free State of Bavaria.

negative: Kurt Schumacher Kurt Ernst Carl Schumacher (13 October 1895 – 20 August 1952), German social democratic politician, who served as chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany from 1946 and was the first Leader of the Opposition in the West German Bundestag from 1949 until his death. An opponent of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's government, but an even stronger opponent of the East German Socialist Unity Party and communism in general, he was one of the founding fathers of post-war German democracy.

negative: Left-wing political parties The following is a list of left-wing political parties. It includes parties from the centre-left (social democrats, greens and sometimes social liberals) to the far and ultra left.

negative: Legitimacy (political) In political science, legitimacy is the popular acceptance of an authority, usually a  governing law or a régime. Whereas "authority" denotes a specific position in an established government, the term "legitimacy" denotes a system of government — wherein "government" denotes "sphere of influence". Political legitimacy is considered a basic condition for governing, without which a government will suffer legislative deadlock(s) and collapse.

negative: Leo Jogiches Leo(n) Jogiches (17 June 1867 – 10 March 1919), also known by his party name of Leon Tyszka (Tyska, Tyshko, Tyshka) was a Marxist revolutionary active in Lithuania, Poland, and Germany.

negative: Liberal democracy Liberal democracy is a political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of liberalism. It is characterised by fair, free, and competitive elections between multiple distinct political parties, a separation of powers into different branches of government, the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society, and the equal protection of human rights, civil rights, civil liberties, and political freedoms for all people.

negative: Liberalism Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality. The former principle is stressed in classical liberalism while the latter is more evident in social liberalism.

negative: Liberalism by country This article gives information on liberalism worldwide. It is an overview of parties that adhere to political liberalism and is therefore a list of liberal parties around the world.

negative: List of democratic socialist parties and organizations This is a list of parties and organizations that are either explicitly democratic socialist or include significant numbers of democratic socialist members (although many do not specifically include the term "Democratic Socialist" in their name).

negative: List of democratic socialist parties which have governed This is a list of democratic socialist parties which have governed countries, whether as the ruling party or as a member of a governing coalition. Most of these parties were members of the Socialist International.

negative: List of historical political parties in Germany The list of historical political parties in Germany lists the historical parties in Germany since 1848. For current political parties in Germany, see List of political parties in Germany.

negative: List of liberal theorists Individual contributors to classical liberalism and political liberalism are associated with philosophers of the Enlightenment. Liberalism as a specifically named ideology begins in the late 18th century as a movement towards self-government and away from aristocracy.

negative: List of political parties in Germany This is a list of political parties in Germany.The Parliament of Germany, the Bundestag, has a plural multi-party system, with two major parties, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU) in the same parliamentary group, also known as CDU/CSU or the Union.Germany also has a number of minor parties, most importantly The Left, and Alliance '90/The Greens.

negative: List of socialist states The following is a list of self-declared socialist states—that is to say, past and present states that have declared themselves socialist or in the process of building socialism. Self-identification is the only criterion used by the list. Therefore, all countries that claimed to be socialist are included, even if their claims are disputed.

negative: Major party A major party is a political party that holds substantial influence in a country's politics, standing in contrast to a minor party. It should not be confused with majority party.According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary:Major parties hold a significant percentage of the vote in elections and claim higher membership than minor parties. Typically, major parties have the most donors, best-organized support networks and  excellent funding for elections.

negative: Mathilde Wurm Mathilde Wurm (30 September 1874 – 1 April 1935) was a German politician, social worker and journalist. She represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933.

negative: Max Maurenbrecher Max Heinrich Maurenbrecher (17 July 1874 – 30 April 1929) was a German publicist, pastor and  politician. He served as a pastor in the Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces until 1907. From 1909 to 1916 he preached for the free religious congregations in Nuremberg and Mannheim. In 1917 he rejoined the evangelical church and became a minister in Dresden.

negative: Neues Deutschland Neues Deutschland (ND) (English: New Germany) is a national German daily newspaper. It was the official party newspaper of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which governed the German Democratic Republic (GDR - East Germany), and as such served as one of the party's most important organs.

negative: Olaf Scholz Olaf Scholz (German pronunciation: [ˈoːlɐf ˈʃɔlts]; born (1958-06-14)14 June 1958, in Osnabrück) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and Mayor of Hamburg since 7 March 2011.

negative: Old Social Democratic Party of Germany The Old Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Alte Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands), known as the Old Social Democratic Party of Saxony (German: Alte Sozialdemokratische Partei Sachsens) until 1927, was a political party in Germany. The party was a splinter group of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in Saxony, and had nationalistic tendencies.

negative: Olof Palme Sven Olof Joachim Palme (Swedish: Olof Palme; pronounced [ˈʊlɔf palˈmɛ]; 30 January 1927 – 28 February 1986) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician, statesman and prime minister. A longtime protégé of Prime Minister Tage Erlander, Palme led the Swedish Social Democratic Party SAP from 1969 until his assassination in 1986, and was a two-term Prime Minister of Sweden, heading a Privy Council Government from 1969 to 1976 and a cabinet government from 1982 until his death.

negative: Otto Grotewohl Otto Grotewohl (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtoː ˈɡʁoːtəvoːl]; 11 March 1894 – 23 September 1964) was a German politician and the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 until his death in 1964.

negative: Party of European Socialists The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a social-democratic European political party. The PES comprises national-level political parties primarily from member states of the European Union (EU) and other nations of the European continent. The PES member parties are themselves members of the Socialist International. The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) is the political group in the European Parliament of the PES.

negative: Paul Levi Paul Levi (March 11, 1883 – February 9, 1930) was a German Communist and Social Democratic political leader. He was the head of the Communist Party of Germany following the assassination of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in 1919. After being expelled for publicly criticising Communist Party tactics during the March Action, he formed the Communist Working Organisation (KAG / Kommunistische Arbeitsgemeinschaft) which in 1922 merged with the Independent Social Democratic Party.

negative: Peter Münstermann Peter Münstermann (born 3 August 1956) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) party. He is an elected member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia.

negative: Political party A political party is an organization of people which seeks to achieve goals common to its members through the acquisition and exercise of political power.While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded.

negative: Politics of Saarland The Politics of Saarland takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Saarland.

negative: Politics of Schleswig-Holstein The Politics of Schleswig-Holstein takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Schleswig-Holstein. The state has a multi-party system where the two main parties are the rightist Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the leftist Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

negative: Progressive Alliance The Progressive Alliance is an international alliance of social-democratic political parties, the majority of which are current or former members of the Socialist International, founded on 22 May 2013.

negative: Red–red coalition In politics, a red–red coalition is a coalition government composed of social-democratic parties allying themselves with more radical democratic socialist or socialist parties, a coalition that spans the centre-left to the left or far left.A specific example of a red-red coalition comes from the politics of Germany, formed from the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and The Left party or its predecessor, the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS).

negative: Reinhard Höppner Reinhard Höppner (December 2, 1948 – June 9, 2014) was a German politician (SPD). and writer.In 1990, in the first (and last) free election in the assembly's history, he was elected a member of the East German People's Chamber (Volkskammer), becoming the assembly's vice president.He became Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt in July 1994 when, his SPD (party) having failed to secure an outright majority, entered into a minority governing coalition with the Green party.

negative: Republicanism Republicanism is one possible ideology of governing a society or state as a republic. The key point is that the people hold popular sovereignty, rather than the people being subjects of a king.  Many countries are republics, but only those which adhere to the ideology of "republicanism" are covered here.

negative: Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate (German: Rheinland-Pfalz, pronounced [ˈʁaɪ̯nlant ˈp͡falt͡s]; French: Rhénanie-Palatinat) is one of the 16 states (German: Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of 19,846 square kilometres (7,663 sq mi) and about four million inhabitants. The city of Mainz functions as the state capital.

negative: Right-wing politics Right-wing politics are political positions or activities that view some forms of social stratification or social inequality as either inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically defending this position on the basis of natural law, economics or tradition.

negative: Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg (also Rozalia Luxenburg; Polish: Róża Luksemburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist and revolutionary socialist of Polish-Jewish descent who became a naturalized German citizen.

negative: Rudolf Hilferding Rudolf Hilferding (10 August 1877 – 11 February 1941) was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, leading socialist theorist, politician and chief theoretician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) during the Weimar Republic, almost universally recognized as the SPD's foremost theoretician of his century, and a physician.He was born in Vienna, where he received a doctorate having studied medicine.

negative: Saxon People's Party The Saxon People's Party (German: Sächsische Volkspartei) was a left-liberal and radical democratic party in Germany, which existed from its founding by Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel in 1866 in Chemnitz until being integrated into the then founded Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) in 1869. It was an alliance between liberal, anti-Prussian bourgeois and socialist workers' organizations in Saxony. It is considered one of the precursors to the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

negative: Saxony-Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt (German: Sachsen-Anhalt, pronounced [ˌzaksn̩ ˈanhalt]) is a landlocked federal state of Germany surrounded by the federal states of Lower Saxony, Brandenburg, Saxony and Thuringia.Its capital is Magdeburg. Saxony-Anhalt covers an area of 20,447.7 square kilometres (7,894.9 sq mi) and has a population of 2.34 million.Saxony-Anhalt should not be confused with Saxony or Lower Saxony, also German states.

negative: Self-determination The right of nations to self-determination (from German: Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker) is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter’s norms.

negative: Sigmar Gabriel Sigmar Gabriel (born 12 September 1959) is a German politician who has served as Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy and Vice Chancellor of Germany since 2013. Since 2009 he has been chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was Minister of the Environment from 2005 to 2009.

negative: Social Democratic League of America The Social Democratic League of America (SDL) was a short-lived American political party established in 1917 by electorally-oriented socialists who favored the participation of the United States in World War I.

negative: Social Democratic Party (Andorra) The Social Democratic Party (Catalan: Partit Socialdemòcrata, PS) is a social-democratic political party in Andorra.

negative: Social Democratic Party (Romania) The Social Democratic Party (Romanian: Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania. The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, it also has the largest number of mayors, local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country.

negative: Social Democratic Party in the GDR The Social Democratic Party in the GDR (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei in der DDR) was a Social Democratic Party existing during the last phase of the East German state. It eventually merged with the West German Social Democratic Party of Germany.

negative: Social Democratic Party of Austria The Social Democratic Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ) is a social-democratic political party in Austria. The oldest extant political party in Austria, the SPÖ is a member of the Socialist International, Progressive Alliance and Party of European Socialists.

negative: Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Socijaldemokratska Partija Bosne i Hercegovine, SDP BiH) is a self-declared multi-ethnic, but largely Bosniak, social-democratic political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.The SDP was formed in 1991 as the successor of the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, BiH branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, which had governed Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Yugoslav federation since World War II.

negative: Social Democratic Party of Croatia The Social Democratic Party of Croatia (Croatian: Socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske or SDP) is a social-democratic political party and the largest party of the Croatian centre-left.

negative: Social Democratic Party of Georgia The Social Democratic Party of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს სოციალ-დემოკრატიული პარტია, sakartvelos sotsial-demok'rat'iuli p'art'ia), also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party, was Georgian Marxist, and later, a social democratic political party. It was founded in the 1890s by Nikolay Chkheidze, Silibistro Jibladze, Egnate Ninoshvili, Noe Zhordania and others. It became the Georgian branch of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

negative: Social conservatism Social conservatism is a group of political ideologies centred around preserving traditional beliefs, attitudes and philosophy, in the face of social progressivism. The aims of social conservatism vary from organisation to organisation, and from country to country. Thus, there are really no policies or positions that could be considered universal among social conservatives. There are, however, a number of general principles to which at least a majority of social conservatives adhere.

negative: Social corporatism Social corporatism (also called Social democratic corporatism) is a form of economic tripartite corporatism based upon a social partnership between the interests of capital and labour, involving collective bargaining between representatives of employers and of labor mediated by the government at the national level.

negative: Social liberalism Social liberalism is a political ideology that seeks to find a balance between individual liberty and social justice. Like classical liberalism, social liberalism endorses a market economy and the expansion of civil and political rights and liberties, but differs in that it believes the legitimate role of the government includes addressing economic and social issues such as poverty, health care, and education.

negative: Socialism Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership and/or social control of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy, as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership (achieved by nationalization), citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these.

negative: Socialist International The Socialist International (SI) is a worldwide association of political parties, most of which seek to establish democratic socialism. It consists mostly of democratic socialist, social-democratic and labour political parties and other organisations.Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents to the late nineteenth century.

negative: Socialist Party of America The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was a multi-tendency democratic-socialist  political party in the United States, formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party which had split from the main organization in 1899.In the first decades of the 20th century, it drew significant support from many different groups, including trade unionists, progressive social reformers, populist farmers, and immigrant communities.

negative: Socialist state The term socialist state or socialist republic usually refers to any state that is constitutionally dedicated to the construction of a socialist society. It is closely related to the political ideology of state socialism, the view that socialism can be established through the existing state or by government policies.

negative: Social–liberal coalition Social–liberal coalition (German: Sozialliberale Koalition) in the politics of Germany refers to a governmental coalition formed by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP).The term stems from social democracy of the SPD and the liberalism of the FDP.

negative: Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund The Sozialistische Deutsche Studentenbund — the Socialist German Student Union or Socialist German Student League — was founded in 1946 in Hamburg, Germany, as the collegiate branch of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD; the "Social Democratic Party of Germany"). In the 1950s tensions between the SDS and the main party surfaced, particularly over the party's support of Germany's rearming, until in 1961 the SPD excluded all members of the SDS from the party.

negative: Table of political parties in Europe by pancontinental organisation The majority of major political parties in Europe have aligned themselves into one of the pan-European political organisations listed below. 13 of these organisations have been legally recognized by the European Union as political parties at the European level:The Nordic Green Left Alliance is a transnational federation of parties, not a pan-European political party per se, but it articulates a broadly uniform ideology and its membership is exclusive to it.

negative: The Left (Germany) The Left (German: Die Linke), also commonly referred to as the Left Party (German: Linkspartei), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany.

negative: Thuringia The Free State of Thuringia (English /θəˈrɪndʒiə/; German: Freistaat Thüringen, pronounced [ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈtyːʁɪŋən]) is a federal state of Germany, located in the central part of the country. It has an area of 16,171 square kilometres (6,244 sq mi) and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area  and the fifth smallest by population  of Germany's sixteen states. Most of Thuringia is within the watershed of the Saale, a left tributary of the Elbe.

negative: Till Backhaus Till Backhaus (born Neuhaus 13 March 1959) is a German politician.   As the German Democratic Republic approached its end as a standalone state, Backhaus was one of those who in December 1989 (re-)founded the Social Democratic Party, more than four decades after its suppression.More recently, in 1998 he was appointed regional Minister for Agriculture in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a post he retains, making him the longest serving regional minister currently (2014) in office in Germany.

negative: Udo Bullmann Dr. Udo Bullmann is a German social democratic politician. Since 1999 he has been a representative of the Party of European Socialists (PES) in the European Parliament, where he represents constituency Hessen.

negative: Ulla Schmidt Ursula "Ulla" Schmidt (born June 13, 1949) is a German politician who currently serves as Vice-President of the German Bundestag. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

negative: Walter Riester Walter Riester (born 27 September 1943 in Kaufbeuren) is a German politician of the SPD and former Minister of Labour and Social Affairs.Walter Riester joined the SPD in 1966 and since 1998 he has been a member of the party's federal executive board. From 1993 to 1998 he was deputy chairman of the IG Metall. From 1998 to 2002 Riester was Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in the cabinet of the then chancellor Gerhard Schröder.

negative: Weimar Coalition The Weimar Coalition (German: Weimarer Koalition) is the name given to the centre-left coalition of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the social liberal German Democratic Party (DDP) and the Christian democratic Centre Party, who together had a large majority of the delegates to the Constituent Assembly that met at Weimar in 1919, and were the principal groups that designed the constitution of Germany's Weimar Republic.

negative: Wenzel Jaksch Wenzel Jaksch (25 September 1896 – 27 November 1966) was a Sudeten German Socialdemocrat politician and the President of the Federation of Expellees in 1964-66.

negative: Wilhelm Buck Wilhelm Buck (12 November 1869, Bautzen, Kingdom of Saxony – 2 December 1945, Radebeul) was a German politician and representative of the Social Democratic Party and the splinter party, Old Social Democratic Party of Germany. From 5 May 1920 to 21 March 1923 he was minister-president of the Free State of Saxony.

negative: Willy Brandt Willy Brandt (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪli ˈbʁant]; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German statesman and politician, leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1969 to 1974.


query: 1997  Houston airport president

positive: George Bush Intercontinental Airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport, (IATA: IAH, ICAO: KIAH, FAA LID: IAH) is a the main international airport in Houston, Texas, United States, under class B airspace, serving the Greater Houston metropolitan area, the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Located about 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston, between Interstate 45 and Interstate 69/U.S.

positive: Houston Airport Houston Airport may refer to:George Bush Intercontinental Airport, serving Houston, Texas, United StatesWilliam P. Hobby Airport, serving Houston, Texas, United StatesEllington Airport (Texas), serving Houston, Texas, United StatesHouston Aerodrome near Houston, British Columbia, Canada

positive: Houston Airport System Houston Airport System (HAS) is a department of the City of Houston, Texas, United States that manages city airports. Its administrative offices are on the property of George Bush Intercontinental Airport. It operates Bush, William P. Hobby Airport, and Ellington Airport in Houston.The city of Houston acquired Hobby Airport in 1937. Previously named Houston Municipal Airport, it was renamed to honor William P.

positive: Houston County Airport (Texas) Houston County Airport (ICAO: KDKR, FAA LID: DKR) is a public airport located three miles (5 km) southeast of the central business district of Crockett, in Houston County, Texas, United States. It is owned by Houston County.Although most U.S.

positive: Houston International Airport Houston International Airport may refer to: William P. Hobby Airport, previously Houston International Airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport, Houston, Texas' main international airport

negative: 16th G7 summit The 16th G7 Summit was held at Houston between July 9 and 11, 1990.  The venue for the summit meetings was the campus of Rice University and other locations nearby in the Houston Museum District.The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976) and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).

negative: 1940 Air Terminal Museum The 1940 Air Terminal Museum is a museum located in Houston, Texas, United States, at William P. Hobby Airport. Collections are housed in the original art deco building which served as the first purpose-built terminal for passenger flight in Houston. The museum currently exhibits several collections focusing on Houston's civil aviation history and is operated by the Houston Aeronautical Heritage Society (HAHS), a recognized Texas 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization.

negative: 1997 Houston Astros season The 1997 Houston Astros season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Houston Astros attempting to win the National League Central.

negative: 1997 Houston Comets season The 1997 WNBA season was the first season for the Houston Comets. The Comets won the inaugural WNBA Finals.

negative: 1997 NFL season The 1997 NFL season was the 78th regular season of the National Football League. The Oilers relocated from Houston, Texas to Nashville, Tennessee. The newly renamed Tennessee Oilers played their home games during this season at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee while a new stadium in Nashville began construction.

negative: 1997 National League Division Series The 1997 National League Division Series (NLDS), the opening round of the 1997 National League playoffs, began on Tuesday, September 30, and ended on Friday, October 3, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. They were:(1) San Francisco Giants (Western Division champions, 90–72) vs. (4) Florida Marlins (Wild Card, 92–70): Marlins win series, 3–0.(2) Houston Astros (Central Division champions, 84–78) vs.

negative: 1997 WNBA Championship The 1997 WNBA Championship was the championship game of the 1997 WNBA season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The Houston Comets, top-seeded team of the league, defeated the New York Liberty, second-seeded team, 65-51 to win the league's inaugural championship.The Comets' 18-10 record gave them home court advantage over New York (17–11).For the playoffs, the top four teams overall in the league were seeded one to four.

negative: 1997 WNBA season The 1997 WNBA Season was the Women's National Basketball Association's first in existence.  It started off with 8 franchises: Charlotte Sting, Cleveland Rockers, Houston Comets, Los Angeles Sparks, New York Liberty, Phoenix Mercury, Sacramento Monarchs, and the Utah Starzz.  It featured an inaugural game between the New York Liberty and the Los Angeles Sparks. The Sparks lost to the New York Liberty, 67-57. The attendance at the Forum was 14,284.

negative: 1998 in aviation This is a list of aviation-related events from 1998:

negative: 23rd G8 summit The 23rd G8 summit was held on June 20–22, 1997 in Denver, Colorado, United States. The venue was the newly constructed Denver Public Library in downtown Denver.

negative: Arthur K. Smith Arthur K. Smith (born August 15, 1937) is an American academic. He served as the president of the University of Utah from 1991 to 1997. At the time of his appointment, he was the first and only non-member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to hold the position. He was previously the vice president for academic affairs, provost and acting president of the University of South Carolina, and vice president of administration of the State University of New York at Binghamton.

negative: Braniff International Airways destinations This is a list of destinations served by Braniff International Airways before it ceased operations in May 1982.Acapulco (General Juan N.

negative: Brian Houston (pastor) Brian Houston (born 17 February 1954) is a pastor in the Australian Christian Churches. He is currently the Senior Pastor at Hillsong Church which has locations in Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne in Australia, London, Cape Town, Kiev, Germany, Paris, Moscow, Stockholm, New York City and Copenhagen. He was also the National President of Australian Christian Churches from 1997 to 2009. The denomination is the Australian branch of the Assemblies of God.

negative: Continental Airlines Continental Airlines was a major U.S. airline, founded in 1934 and eventually headquartered in Houston, Texas. In May 2010, the airline announced that it would merge with UAL Corporation, the parent company of United Airlines, via a stock swap. Continental's shares were acquired by UAL Corporation. The acquisition was completed in October 2010, at which time the holding company was renamed United Continental Holdings.

negative: Continental Express destinations This is a list of airports that Continental Express flew to at the time of its merger into United Express.

negative: Dallas Love Field Dallas Love Field (IATA: DAL, ICAO: KDAL, FAA LID: DAL) is a city-owned public airport 6 miles (10 km) northwest of downtown Dallas, Texas. It was Dallas' main airport until 1974 when Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) opened.The corporate headquarters for Southwest Airlines is located at Love Field.  The airport is also a focus city for Southwest as well as for Virgin America.

negative: Dominique de Menil Dominique de Menil (March 23, 1908 – December 31, 1997) was a French-American art collector, philanthropist, founder of the Menil Collection and an heiress to the Schlumberger Limited oil-equipment fortune. She was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1986.

negative: Ellington Airport (Texas) Ellington Airport (IATA: EFD, ICAO: KEFD, FAA LID: EFD) is a public and military use airport in Harris County, Texas, United States. It is owned by the City of Houston and located 15 nautical miles (17 mi, 28 km) southeast of downtown Houston. Formerly known as Ellington Field, it is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation reliever airport. The airport does not have scheduled commercial passenger service.

negative: ExpressJet ExpressJet Airlines, Inc. is an American airline based in College Park, Georgia, USA in Greater Atlanta. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of SkyWest, Inc., parent company of the air carrier SkyWest Airlines. Before the acquisition from SkyWest it was an independent airline, and previously, a subsidiary of Continental Airlines.

negative: George Bush Intercontinental Airport inter-terminal train The inter-terminal train at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, (IAH) is the older of the two separate inter-terminal people movers operating at the airport.

negative: Glenwood Cemetery (Houston, Texas) The Glenwood Cemetery is located at 2525 Washington Avenue in Houston, Texas.  It was the first cemetery in Houston to be professionally designed and opened in 1871.  The cemetery is situated between Washington Avenue on the North side and Memorial Drive on the South side, the latter overlooking Buffalo Bayou.Buried in the cemetery is William P. Hobby, after whom Hobby Airport in Houston, Texas, is named.  In 1938, the William P.

negative: History of Houston This article documents the wide-ranging history of the city of Houston, the largest city in the state of Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States.

negative: Houston Houstonian redirects here. For other uses see: The Houstonian (disambiguation).Houston (/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the American South, and the fourth most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County.

negative: Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZHU) is located at George Bush Intercontinental Airport at 16600 JFK Boulevard, Houston, Texas, United States 77032. The Houston ARTCC is one of 22 Air Route Traffic Control Centers in the United States.The center controls airspace in southern Texas, Louisiana, southern Mississippi, southwestern Alabama, and areas in the Gulf of Mexico.

negative: Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team located in Houston, Texas. The Astros are members of the American League (AL) West division in Major League Baseball (MLB), having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000.The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League in 1962 with the expansion New York Mets.

negative: Houston Brewing Company The Houston Brewing Company is a brewery in the village of Houston in Renfrewshire, Scotland. It is attached to, and operated in common with, the Fox & Hounds public house and, as a result of its size, is classed as a microbrewery.It produces a constant range of seven cask condition ales, alongside a range of seasonal and bottled beers.

negative: Houston Comets The Houston Comets were a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) team based in Houston, Texas, United States. Formed in 1997, the team was one of the original eight WNBA teams and won the first four championships of the league's existence.  The Comets were the first dynasty of the WNBA and won more championships than any other team in the WNBA.

negative: Houston County Airport Houston County Airport may refer to: Perry-Houston County Airport in Houston County, Georgia, United States Houston County Airport (Minnesota) in Houston County, Minnesota, United States Houston County Airport (Tennessee) in Houston County, Tennessee, United States Houston County Airport (Texas) in Houston County, Texas, United States

negative: Houston County Airport (Minnesota) Houston County Airport (ICAO: KCHU, FAA LID: CHU) is a public use airport located three miles (5 km) south of the central business district of Caledonia, a city in Houston County, Minnesota, United States. It is owned by Houston County. It serves general aviation for Caledonia and surrounding towns including Spring Grove and Houston. There is no scheduled air service.Although most U.S.

negative: Houston County Airport (Tennessee) Houston County Airport (FAA LID: M93) is a public airport located in McKinnon, in Houston County, Tennessee, United States. It is owned by Houston County.

negative: Houston Executive Airport Houston Executive Airport (ICAO: KTME, FAA LID: TME, formerly 78T) is a public-use airport in unincorporated Waller County, Texas, United States. The airport is located 28 nautical miles (52 km) west of Downtown Houston. and it is in proximity to Brookshire. The airport is privately owned by WCF, LLC, which is based in Waller County.Although most U.S.

negative: Houston Fort Bend Airport Houston Fort Bend Airport (FAA LID: 2H5) is a privately owned, public use airport located in unincorporated Fort Bend County, Texas, United States. The airport is located east of Beasley and 33 nautical miles (61 km) southwest of the central business district of Houston. It was formerly known as Happy Landings Airport.

negative: Houston Municipal Airport Houston Municipal Airport (FAA LID: M44) is a public use airport in Chickasaw County, Mississippi, United States. It is owned by the City of Houston and located two nautical miles (4 km) southwest of its central business district. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

negative: Houston Southwest Airport Houston Southwest Airport or Houston-Southwest Airport (ICAO: KAXH, FAA LID: AXH) is a public-use airport located in Arcola, a city in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States, 15 miles (24 km) southwest of the central business district of Houston. It is privately owned by James Griffith, Jr.Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Houston Southwest Airport is assigned AXH by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.

negative: Houston Texas Temple The Houston Texas Temple is the 97th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).After the September 1997 announcement that the LDS Church would build a temple in Houston, the search began for an appropriate site. The site chosen formerly belonged to a developer unwilling to sell.

negative: Houston mayoral election, 1997 The Houston Mayoral Election of 1997 took place on November 4, 1997 to elect the successor to term limited Mayor Bob Lanier. With no candidate receiving a majority of the votes, a run-off was held on December 6, 1997. The ultimate result was Lee Brown winning the election. The election was officially non-partisan.

negative: Jack Valenti Jack Joseph Valenti (September 5, 1921 – April 26, 2007) was a longtime president of the Motion Picture Association of America.  During his 38-year tenure in the MPAA, he created the MPAA film rating system, and he was generally regarded as one of the most influential pro-copyright lobbyists in the world.

negative: Jim McConn James Joseph McConn (March 15, 1928 – March 14, 1997) was the mayor of Houston, Texas from 1978 to 1982. To date, McConn was the last Republican to take the mayoral office.McConn was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  He moved with his family to Houston in 1939, where he met Marjorie Gougenheim, whom he married in 1947.

negative: John F. Kennedy International Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) is a major international airport located in Queens, New York City, United States, 12 miles (20 km) southeast of Lower Manhattan. It is the busiest international air passenger gateway in the United States, handling 53,254,362 passengers in 2014. Over seventy airlines operate out of the airport, with non-stop or direct flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents.

negative: Kamal Kharazi Seyed Kamal Kharazi (Persian: کمال خرازی, born 1 December 1944) is an Iranian politician and diplomat who was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 20 August 1997 to 24 August 2005 as appointed by President Mohammad Khatami serving for eight years. He was replaced by Manouchehr Mottaki who was appointed by the next President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

negative: Kenneth Pitzer Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer (January 6, 1914 – December 26, 1997) was an American physical and theoretical chemist, educator, and university president.

negative: Lee P. Brown Lee Patrick Brown (born October 4, 1937) is a criminologist, public administrator, politician and businessman; in 1997 he was the first African American to be elected mayor of Houston, Texas.  He was reelected twice to serve the maximum of three terms from 1998 to 2004.He has had a long career in law enforcement and academia; leading police departments in Atlanta, Houston and New York over the course of nearly four decades.

negative: Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport (sometimes abbreviated as Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport) (IATA: PVR, ICAO: MMPR) is an international airport located at Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco in Mexico. The airport is named after President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz. It handled 2,670,800 passengers in 2013 and 3,127,200 passengers in 2014.

negative: List of Houston Astros seasons This is a list of seasons completed by the Houston Astros, originally known as the Houston Colt .45s, professional baseball franchise.The Astros have completed fifty-one seasons in Major League Baseball, qualifying for the postseason nine times and reaching one World Series (2005). Established as an expansion franchise in 1962, the team's first winning season was in 1972. In 1980 the Astros made their first postseason appearance.

negative: List of Presidents of the University of Houston The office of the President of the University of Houston, currently held by Dr. Renu Khator, was created with the founding of the University of Houston (then known as Houston Junior College) in 1927 as the chief executive officer of the school. From 1927 until 1945 when UH separated from HISD, the university's president also held the position of Superintendent of Schools of that school district. In 1956, the duties of president were divided into two positions.

negative: List of University of Houston people The list of University of Houston people includes notable alumni, former students, and faculty of the University of Houston.  Class years usually indicate the year of a graduation unless an entry is denoted by an asterisk (*).  In this case, the student did not graduate from the university, and the class year indicates the last known year a former student attended.  In the case of alumni with multiple graduation years, the earliest graduation year is shown.

negative: List of airports in Texas This is a list of airports in Texas (a U.S. state), grouped by type and sorted by location. It contains all public-use and military airports in the state. Some private-use and former airports may be included where notable, such as airports that were previously public-use, those with commercial enplanements recorded by the FAA or airports assigned an IATA airport code.

negative: List of airports in the Greater Houston Area Houston, Texas has many airports because it is the 4th biggest city in the United States. Here are some of the airports:

negative: Manuel T. Pacheco Manuel Trinidad Pacheco (May 30, 1941—) was president of Laredo State University (1984–1988), the University of Houston–Downtown (1988–1991), the University of Arizona (1991–1997), the University of Missouri System (1997–2002).  In retirement, he served as the interim president of his alma mater, New Mexico Highlands University (2006-2007), and two terms as the interim president of New Mexico State University (2009, 2012-2013).Pacheco was born in Rocky Ford, Colorado.

negative: Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (often referred to as METRO) is a major public transportation agency based in Houston (Texas, USA).  It operates bus, light rail, bus rapid transit, and paratransit service (under the name METROLift) in the city as well as most of Harris County. METRO also operates bus service to two cities in Fort Bend County. The METRO headquarters are in the Lee P. Brown Administration Building in Downtown Houston.

negative: Norman William Black Norman William Black (December 6, 1931 – July 23, 1997) was a federal judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.Born in Houston, Texas, Black received a B.B.A. from the University of Texas in 1953 and an LL.B. from the University of Texas School of Law in 1955. He was in private practice in Houston, Texas in 1955. He was in the United States Army Military Police from 1955 to 1957, and was then a law clerk to the Hon.

negative: Pacific Rim Tour The Pacific Rim Tour was a concert tour of arenas and stadiums by American Pop/R&B singer Whitney Houston. The tour included 10 concert dates in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia and United States in 1997. The tour was in support of her 1996 multi-platinum album, The Preacher's Wife.

negative: Pearland Regional Airport Pearland Regional Airport (ICAO: KLVJ, FAA LID: LVJ) is a public-use general aviation airport located in unincorporated Brazoria County, Texas, United States south of the city limits of Pearland and 17 miles (27 km) south of the central business district of Houston. The airport and FBO is managed by Texas Aviation Partners, LLC. It was formerly known as Clover Field.Although most U.S.

negative: Philip Guthrie Hoffman Philip Guthrie Hoffman (6 August 1915 – 29 October 2008) was the fifth president of the University of Houston, and the first chancellor of the University of Houston System.  While at the university, he was instrumental in obtaining state affiliation, transitioning to a racially integrated status, and expanding enrollment in multiple locations.  Hoffman also served as president of the Texas Medical Center.

negative: Politics of Houston Founded in 1836 and incorporated in 1837, Houston, Texas, United States is one of the fastest growing major cities in the United States and the largest without zoning laws. The city is the county seat of Harris County. A portion of southwest Houston extends into Fort Bend County and a small portion in the northeast extends into Montgomery County.The city of Houston has a strong mayor–council government.

negative: President of the Republic of Texas The President of the Republic of Texas was the head of state when Texas was an independent republic from 1836 to 1846.

negative: Rodney Ellis Rodney Glenn Ellis (born April 7, 1954) is the state senator for Texas' 13th state senate district. The district contains portions of Harris County, including downtown Houston, and Fort Bend County. He is a member of the Democratic Party.Ellis was elected to the Texas Senate on February 13, 1990, and sworn into office on February 27, 1990. Ellis sits on the Senate State Affairs, Transportation, and Business & Commerce Committees.

negative: Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (IATA: DCA, ICAO: KDCA, FAA LID: DCA) is a major airport 3 miles (5 km) south of downtown Washington, D.C., in Arlington County, Virginia, United States (though with a Washington mailing address). It is the nearest commercial airport to the capital and serves the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. For decades it was called Washington National Airport; it was renamed in 1998 to honor President Ronald Reagan.

negative: San Antonio International Airport San Antonio International Airport (IATA: SAT, ICAO: KSAT, FAA LID: SAT) is an international airport located in San Antonio, Texas, US and serving the Greater San Antonio metropolitan area. The airport is located in Uptown San Antonio, about 8 miles north of Downtown San Antonio. The airport has three runways and covers 2,600 acres (1,100 ha). Its elevation is 809 feet (247 m) above sea level. SAT is a Class C airport.

negative: Skydive Houston Airport Skydive Houston Airport (FAA LID: 37XA, formerly 37X) is a privately owned, private airport located in unincorporated Waller County, Texas, United States. It is four nautical miles (7 km) south of the central business district of Waller and is northwest of Houston. It was formerly known as Skylake Airport.

negative: Southwest Airlines destinations As of September 2015, Southwest Airlines has scheduled flights to 95 destinations in 41 states, Puerto Rico and abroad, the newest being Puerto Vallarta, MX on June 7, 2015. The airline has 15 focus cities and operates over 3,400 flights each day.

negative: Spirit Airlines Spirit Airlines, Inc. (NASDAQ: SAVE) is an American low-cost carrier headquartered in Miramar, Florida.  Spirit operates scheduled flights throughout the U.S. as well as the Caribbean, Mexico, and Latin America.  Major focus cities include; Ft. Lauderdale, Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Las Vegas, Chicago-O'Hare, Houston-Intercontinental, Atlantic City, and Myrtle Beach.  As of 2015, Spirit remains the only airline in the United States with a 2-Star Skytrax airline rating.

negative: Steve Elkington Stephen John Elkington (born 8 December 1962) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He spent more than 50 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking from 1995 to 1998.

negative: Sugar Land Regional Airport Sugar Land Regional Airport (IATA: SGR, ICAO: KSGR, FAA LID: SGR) is a city-owned public-use airport located in Sugar Land, Texas (USA), 17 miles (27 km) southwest of the central business district of Houston.It was formerly known as Sugar Land Municipal Airport and previously as Hull Field. The airport was purchased from a private interest in 1990 by the city of Sugar Land.

negative: Tanglewood, Houston Tanglewood is a neighborhood in western Houston, Texas, located off of San Felipe Road.Tanglewood is located just outside of the 610 Loop and inside Beltway 8 in the Uptown Houston area. Tanglewood was developed by the Tanglewood Corporation. Today the neighborhood is managed by the Tanglewood Homes Association. In 1997 Bob Tutt of the Houston Chronicle said that Tanglewood is "a leafy, upscale subdivision". Tanglewood is the former residence of former President of the United States George H.

negative: Texas Texas /ˈtɛksəs/ (Spanish: Texas or Tejas [ˈtexas]) is the second most populous and second largest state of the United States of America. Geographically located in the south central part of the country, Texas shares an international border with Mexico to the south and borders the U.S. states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east.

negative: West Houston Airport West Houston Airport (IATA: IWS, ICAO: KIWS, FAA LID: IWS) is a privately owned, public use airport in Harris County, Texas, United States. It is located 13 nautical miles (15 mi, 24 km) west of Downtown Houston, in an unincorporated area of the county, immediately west of the Houston city limits.This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation reliever airport.

negative: William A. Staples William A. Staples is the fourth president of the University of Houston–Clear Lake.  He earned a bachelor's degree from Drake University (BBA '70), a master's degree from the University of Iowa (MBA '72), and a doctorate in business administration from the University of Houston (PhD '77).  Prior to becoming president, he served the UHCL's School of Business as coordinator, program director, associate dean, and dean.

negative: William P. Hobby Airport William P. Hobby Airport (IATA: HOU, ICAO: KHOU, FAA LID: HOU) is a public airport in Houston, Texas, 7 miles (11 km) from downtown Houston. Hobby is Houston's oldest commercial airport and was its primary commercial airport until Houston Intercontinental Airport, now George Bush Intercontinental Airport, opened in 1969.


query: joan of arc

positive: Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc are a range of theories about the Medieval French leader that contradict the established account of her life.

positive: Canonization of Joan of Arc Saint Joan of Arc, The Maid of Orleans (Jeanne d'Arc) is a recognized Saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Although she was excommunicated and burned at the stake for heresy by local officials in 1431, central Church officials would later nullify her excommunication, declaring her a martyr unjustly executed for a secular vendetta.  Her legend would grow from there, leading to her beatification in 1909 and her canonization in 1920.

positive: Church of St Joan of Arc The Church of Saint Joan of Arc' (French:  L'église Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc) is a religious building  in the city center of Rouen, northern France.The church of Saint Joan of Arc was completed in 1979 in the center of the ancient market square (in French, the Place du Vieux-Marché) in Rouen.  This is the same location where Joan of Arc was burned alive for heresy in 1431 - a large cross outside the church marks the exact spot.

positive: Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality of Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (Fr: Jeanne d'Arc), a French revolutionary executed by the English for heresy in 1431, is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. Joan shunned the traditional roles and garb of women in her era for the lifestyle and dress of a soldier, ultimately providing a pretense for her conviction and execution.  Whether her crossdressing and lifestyle have implications for her sexuality or gender identity is debated.

positive: Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc in French) has inspired artistic and cultural works for nearly six centuries.  The following lists cover various media to include items of historic interest, enduring works of high art, and recent representations in popular culture.  The entries represent portrayals that a reader has a reasonable chance of encountering rather than a complete catalog.

positive: Flowers (Joan of Arc album) Flowers is the twelfth full-length studio album by Joan of Arc released in 2009 on Polyvinyl Records.

positive: Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc (edited by Bonnie Wheeler and Charles Wood) is a collection of scholarly essays on Joan of Arc. First published by Garland publishing in 1996 (ISBN 0-8153-3664-0), it is 336 pages long.Bonnie Wheeler is the Director of the Medieval Studies Program at Southern Methodist University.

positive: Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism Joan of Arc: the Image of Female Heroism by Marina Warner (University of California Press, 1981 ISBN 0-520-22464-7) is a book about Joan of Arc, focusing on how she has been perceived by others over the centuries and how that perception has shaped her image.

positive: Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc, IPA: [ʒan daʁk]; c. 1412 – 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans) is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. Joan of Arc was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle, a peasant family, at Domrémy in north-east France.

positive: Joan of Arc (1900 film) Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc) is a 1900 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès, based on the life of Joan of Arc.

positive: Joan of Arc (1935 film) Joan of Arc (German:Das Mädchen Johanna) is a 1935 German  historical film directed by Gustav Ucicky and starring Angela Salloker, Gustaf Gründgens and Heinrich George. It depicts the life of Joan of Arc, and is the first female embodiment of the Nazi Fuhrer figure in film. The press in Germany and abroad detected direct parallels between the presentation of France in 1492 and the situation in Germany in 1935.

positive: Joan of Arc (1948 film) Joan of Arc is a 1948 American Hagiography epic historical drama film directed by Victor Fleming, and starring Ingrid Bergman as the French religious icon and war heroine. It was produced by Walter Wanger. It is based on Maxwell Anderson's successful Broadway play Joan of Lorraine, which also starred Bergman, and was adapted for the screen by Anderson himself, in collaboration with Andrew Solt.

positive: Joan of Arc (Dubois) Joan of Arc is a public artwork by Paul Dubois, located at Meridian Hill Park in Washington, D.C., United States of America. Joan of Arc  was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994.

positive: Joan of Arc (Leonard Cohen song) "Joan of Arc" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen. It was released as a single in March 1971 from his third album, Songs of Love and Hate. The song lasts almost six-and-a-half minutes, and is composed of four stanzas of eight lines each with a "la-la" refrain.

positive: Joan of Arc (OMD song) "Joan of Arc" is a song by British band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released as the second single from their third studio album Architecture & Morality. It became an international hit, reaching the Top 5 in the UK and Canada and number 13 in Ireland.Critic Dave Thompson in AllMusic lauded the song retrospectively: "[T]wo almost opposing rhythms [are] miraculously melded together by the strength of the gorgeous melody and sweeping synths.

positive: Joan of Arc (album) Joan of Arc is a 2006 album by mimimalist composer Tony Conrad. The piece, which lasts unbroken for over an hour, was originally written by Conrad as a soundtrack to accompany Piero Heliczer's like-named short film.

positive: Joan of Arc (band) Joan of Arc are an American indie rock band from Chicago, Illinois. They formed in 1995, following the breakup of Cap'n Jazz.Singer Tim Kinsella has been the only permanent member of the group; he has also recorded as a solo artist.Joan of Arc are known for their use of electronics, samples, and multi-track recording in their songs; some songs on The Gap contained over 100 tracks.Joan of Arc's lyrics and cover art are often intentionally misleading, humorous, or confusing.

positive: Joan of Arc (miniseries) Joan of Arc is a 1999 two-part television miniseries about the 15th century Catholic saint of the same name. The film stars Leelee Sobieski as Saint Joan. A joint production of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and Alliance Atlantis Communications, the film was shown internationally in 1999.The miniseries received thirteen Primetime Emmy Awards nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations.

positive: Joan of Arc (poem) Joan of Arc is a 1796 epic poem composed by Robert Southey. The idea for the story came from a discussion between Southey and Grosvenor Bedford, when Southey realised that the story would be suitable for an epic. The subject further appealed to Southey because the events of the French Revolution were concurrent to the writing of the poem and would serve as a parallel to current events. Eventually, Samuel Taylor Coleridge helped rewrite parts of the poem for a 1798 edition.

positive: Life Like (Joan of Arc album) Life Like is the fourteenth full-length studio album by Joan of Arc released in 2011 on Polyvinyl Records. It is also the first Joan of Arc album to feature former Cap'n Jazz guitarist, Victor Villarreal.

positive: Live in Muenster, 2003 Live in Muenster, 2003 is a live album by Joan of Arc, released in 2004 on Record Label Record Label.  It was recorded live at Gleis 22, a concert venue in Muenster, Germany, on May 17, 2003.

positive: Name of Joan of Arc Joan of Arc did not come from a place called Arc, but was born and raised in the village of Domrémy in what was then the northeastern frontier of the Kingdom of France. In the English language her first name has been repeated as Joan since the fifteenth century because that was the only English equivalent for the feminine form of John during her lifetime. Her surviving signatures are all spelled Jehanne without surname.

positive: Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc, by the Sieur Louis de Conte is an 1896 novel by Mark Twain that recounts the life of Joan of Arc. It is Twain's last completed novel, published when he was 61 years old.The novel is presented as a translation (by "Jean Francois Alden") of memoirs by Louis de Conte, a fictionalized version of Joan of Arc's page, Louis de Contes.

positive: Retrial of Joan of Arc The Retrial of Joan of Arc, also known as the "nullification trial" or "rehabilitation trial", was a posthumous retrial of Joan of Arc authorized by Pope Callixtus III at the request of Inquisitor-General Jean Bréhal and Joan's mother Isabelle Romée. The purpose of the retrial was to investigate whether the trial of condemnation and its verdict had been handled justly and according to ecclesiastical law. Investigations started in 1452, and a formal appeal followed in November 1455.

positive: Saint Joan (play) Saint Joan is a play by George Bernard Shaw, based on the life and trial of Joan of Arc. Published in 1924, not long after the canonization of Joan of Arc by the Roman Catholic Church, the play dramatises what is known of her life based on the substantial records of her trial.  Shaw studied the transcripts and decided that the concerned people acted in good faith according to their beliefs.  He wrote in his preface to the play:There are no villains in the piece.

positive: Saint Joan of Arc (Sackville-West) Saint Joan of Arc is a biography of Joan of Arc by Vita Sackville-West first published in New York and London in 1936. The Grove Press (New York City) re-issue of 2001 runs to 395 pages including appendices which collate the events of Joan's life, present a chronological table and give a bibliography of related pre-1936 works.

positive: St. Joan of Arc Chapel St. Joan of Arc Chapel is a Roman Catholic chapel today located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, on the campus of Marquette University, in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. It was dedicated to Joan of Arc on May 26, 1966 after it had been moved from its previous location on Long Island, New York. It was originally built in the Rhône River Valley in France.

positive: St Joan of Arc's Church, Farnham St Joan of Arc Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Farnham, Surrey. It was founded in 1890 and built in its present location in 1929. It was decided that the Farnham church should be dedicated to St Joan of Arc because Farnham Castle was a residence of Cardinal Henry Beaufort who was present at her trial. It is a Romanesque Revival church and a Grade II listed building. It is situated between Tilford Road and Waverley Lane, south of Farnham Railway Station.

positive: St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth Saint Joan of Arc Roman Catholic School is a Roman Catholic secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, England. The catchment area for the school spreads over South West Hertfordshire, parts of Buckinghamshire and parts of North West London. The school grounds back on to the River Chess and Chess Valley and a 17th-century Barn is located at the boundary of the grounds.

positive: The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc) is a 1999 French historical drama film directed by Luc Besson. The film stars Milla Jovovich, John Malkovich, Faye Dunaway and Dustin Hoffman. The screenplay was written by Besson and Andrew Birkin, and the original music score was composed by Éric Serra.The Messenger portrays the story of St. Joan of Arc, the French war heroine and religious martyr of the 15th century.

positive: The Passion of Joan of Arc The Passion of Joan of Arc (French: La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc) is a 1928 silent French film based on the actual record of the trial of Joan of Arc. The film was directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer and stars Renée Jeanne Falconetti as Joan. It is widely regarded as a landmark of cinema, especially for its production, Dreyer's direction and Falconetti's performance, which has been described as being among the finest in cinema history.

positive: The Trial of Joan of Arc The Trial of Joan of Arc (French: Procès de Jeanne d'Arc) is a 1962 historical film by the French director Robert Bresson. Joan of Arc is played by Florence Delay.As usual in Bresson's mature films, The Trial of Joan of Arc stars non-professional performers and is filmed in an extremely spare, restrained style.

positive: The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven, 1431 The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven, 1431 is an adaptation by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht of a radio play by Anna Seghers. It was written in collaboration with Benno Besson and premiered at the Berliner Ensemble in November 1952, in a production directed by Besson (his first important production with the Ensemble), with Käthe Reichel as Joan.

positive: The Triumph of St. Joan The Triumph of St. Joan was originally an opera in three acts by Norman Dello Joio to an English language libretto on the subject of the martyrdom of Joan of Arc by Dello Joio and Joseph Machilis. It was premiered at Sarah Lawrence College on May 9, 1950. Although the opera was received positively, the composer was unhappy with the work and declined to have it performed again. However, he did adapt part of the opera into a symphony of the same title in 1951.

positive: Trial of Joan of Arc The trial of Joan of Arc, which was overseen by an English-backed church court at Rouen, Normandy in the first half of 1431, was one of the more famous trials in history, becoming the subject of many books and films. It culminated in the execution of the person known to history as Joan of Arc, the young French peasant girl who was the defendant in the case. The trial verdict was later reversed on appeal by the Inquisitor-General in 1456, thereby completely exonerating her.

positive: Wars and Warriors: Joan of Arc Wars & Warriors: Joan of Arc is a historically based computer game. Developed and published by Enlight, it was released in 2004. The player assumes the persona of Joan of Arc and leads the French in their attempt to win the Hundred Years' War. The game combines aspects of real-time strategy and action.

negative: Clone High Clone High (occasionally referred to in the U.S. as Clone High U.S.A.) is a Canadian–American animated television series created by Phil Lord, Christopher Miller and Bill Lawrence. The comedy centers on a high school populated by the clones of famous historical figures. The show's central cast includes adolescent depictions of Abraham Lincoln, Joan of Arc, Mahatma Gandhi, John F. Kennedy, and Cleopatra.

negative: Jacques d'Arc Jacques d'Arc (1380–1440) was a farmer in the village of Domrémy in Lorraine, and the father of the French heroine and Roman Catholic saint Joan of Arc.

negative: Jean Pasquerel Jean Pasquerel (circa 1400 C.E.) was an Augustinian friar (member of the Order of St. Augustine),  almoner and confessor of Joan of Arc.

negative: Jean de Metz Jean de Metz (also Jean de Nouillonpont) (born c. 1398) was a French nobleman who is known primarily for his role in the exploits of Joan of Arc.

negative: Joan of Arc, Dick Cheney, Mark Twain Joan of Arc, Dick Cheney, Mark Twain is the seventh full-length album by Joan of Arc, released in 2004. It is their first for Polyvinyl Records.

negative: Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You is a 1917 song composed by Jack Wells, and with lyrics written by Al Bryan and Willie Weston. It was published by Waterson, Berlin & Snyder Co. in New York, New York. This song was written during World War I.The cover art is of a woman riding a horse, holding her sword in the air. She is leading troops toward a castle.

negative: Joan of Lorraine Joan of Lorraine is a 1946 play-within-a-play by Maxwell Anderson. It is about a company of actors who stage a dramatization of the story of Joan of Arc, and the effect that the story has on them. As in the musical Man of La Mancha, most of the actors in the drama play two or more roles. Ingrid Bergman was the star of the original production, playing both Joan and Mary Grey, the fictional star actress who portrays her.

negative: Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc) "Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans)" is a song by British band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) and was the third single released from their third studio album Architecture & Morality. The track has been described by OMD frontman Andy McCluskey as the group's "Mull of Kintyre".To prevent confusion with their previous single "Joan of Arc", the song was retitled "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" for its single release.

negative: Presents Guitar Duets Joan of Arc Presents: Guitar Duets is the eighth full-length album by Joan of Arc, released in 2005. The album consists of ten guitar duets, each featuring 2 past members of Joan of Arc, paired up by pulling names out of a hat. On the album cover, the tracks are identified by pictures of the guitarists playing on them.

negative: St. Joan of Arc Secondary School, Hong Kong St. Joan of Arc Secondary School (SJA, traditional Chinese: 聖貞德中學) is a Roman Catholic boys grammar school founded in 1955 by a group of Catholic women who graduated from the University of Hong Kong. The school's mission is "To put Catholic faith into action, to provide a school where students will grow in Christ, develop in a caring culture & acquire an all-round education." English is the primary medium in St. Joan of Arc Secondary School.

negative: Joan of Arc of Mongolia Joan of Arc of Mongolia (German: Johanna D'Arc of Mongolia) is a 1989 German drama film directed by Ulrike Ottinger. It was entered into the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.

negative: The Joan of Arc of Loos The Joan of Arc of Loos is a 1916 Australian silent film shot by Franklyn Barrett based on the true story of Émilienne Moreau-Evrard in World War I. Only a portion of the movie survives today.

negative: Compagnons de Jeanne d'Arc The Compagnons de Jeanne d'Arc (Companions of Joan of Arc) was an association honouring Saint Joan of Arc. From 1937 to 1939, it organised mass patriotic and religious demonstrations at Domrémy in her honour.

negative: Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII (French: Jeanne d’Arc au sacre du roi Charles VII) is an 1854 painting by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. It is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris.The work merges the style of Ingres' teacher Jacques-Louis David with that of the troubador style. He began with a nude model, adding the clothes and armour.The painting was first commissioned by the director of the Academie des Belles Artes in Orléans to commemorate Joan of Arc.

negative: Jean Bréhal Jean Bréhal OP was the inquisitor-general of France who led the effort to rehabilitate Joan of Arc.

negative: Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses (ISBN 0-8128-1260-3) is a translation of a 1962 book about Joan of Arc by Régine Pernoud. The translator, Edward Hyams, won the 1965 Scott Moncrieff Prize for his work on this book. Pernoud was the founder of the Centre Jeanne d'Arc at Orléans, France, and a noted historian.  Consisting largely of excerpts from the original historical accounts, the book has been noted for this unique style.

negative: Joan the Maiden, Part 1: The Battles Joan the Maiden, Part 1: The Battles (French:Jeanne la pucelle: 1. Les batailles) is a 1994 French film directed by Jacques Rivette. It chronicles the Life of Joan of Arc and was followed by Joan the Maiden, Part 2: The Prisons.

negative: The Intelligent Design Of... The Intelligent Design Of Joan of Arc is a compilation album by Joan of Arc, released in 2006 on Polyvinyl Records.

negative: Association of Joan Country communes The Association of Joan (of Arc) Country communes (French: Communauté de communes du Pays de Jeanne) is a French administrative association of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine.The grouping is named after Joan of Arc, who was born at Domrémy-la-Pucelle around 1412, and who has been an iconic figure in France ever since her popular rediscovery as part of the surge in nationalism that France, along with the most of the rest of Europe, experienced during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.Created in  1998, the association has its administrative offices at Coussey .

negative: The Gap (Joan of Arc album) The Gap is the fourth full-length album by Joan of Arc, released in 2000 on Jade Tree Records.

negative: Sainte Jeanne d'Arc, Nice The Church of Saint Joan of Arc (French: Sainte Jeanne d'Arc) is a Roman Catholic parish church located in Nice, France. Noticeable for its original architecture, the church is dedicated to Joan of Arc.The style of this church is controversial among the inhabitants of Nice, judged ugly by some. The church is sometime nicknamed "the Meringue" for its white color.

negative: St. Joan of Arc's Church (Bronx, New York) The Church of St. Joan of Arc is a Roman Catholic parish church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 174th Street at Stratford Avenue, The Bronx, New York City. It was established in 1949.

negative: French ironclad Jeanne d'Arc The French ironclad Jeanne d'Arc was a wooden-hulled armored corvette built for the French Navy in the late 1860s. She was named for Joan of Arc, a Roman Catholic saint and heroine of the Hundred Years War. Jeanne d'Arc participated in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 and remained in commission afterwards, unlike many of her sisters. The ship was condemned in 1883, but nothing further is known as to her disposition.

negative: Domrémy-la-Pucelle Domrémy-la-Pucelle (literally "Domrémy [of] the virgin", in reference to Joan of Arc) is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France.The village, originally named Domremy, is the birthplace of Joan of Arc. It has since been renamed Domrémy-la-Pucelle after Joan's nickname, la Pucelle d'Orléans ("the Maid of Orléans").

negative: Joan of France (1351–1371) Joan of France (May 1351 - 16 September 1371) was the only child of Philip VI of France and his second wife Blanche of Navarre. Joan was posthumously born as her father had died nine months prior to her birth.

negative: Jeanne des Armoises Jeanne des Armoises (also Claude des Armoises; fl. 1438) was a French adventurer living in the 15th century. She was reportedly a soldier in the Pope's army in Italy.With the help of Joan of Arc's brothers, Jean and Pierre, she claimed to be Joan of Arc alive and well in 1436. She spent three weeks in Marieulles with a noble family of Metz. Then – as befitted the “Pucelle de France” – she went on a pilgrimage to the shrine of the “Black Madonna” in Liesse.

negative: Naziq al-Abid Naziq al-Abid (Arabic: نازك العابد) (1898–1959) was known as the "Joan of Arc of the Arabs". She was a pioneer and revolutionary for both national independence and women's rights.

negative: The Happiest Days of Our Lives: The Complete Joan of Arc Tapes 2CD The Happiest Days of Our Lives: The Complete Joan of Arc Tapes was a 2CD compilation album released by My Favorite on the Double Agent record label in 2003. It compiled the group's then out-of-print "Joan of Arc" material. The second disc is a collection of remixes by such bands as Soviet, Flowchart, and Future Bible Heroes.

negative: Vouthon-Bas Vouthon-Bas  is a commune in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.A notable native is Isabelle Romée, the mother of Joan of Arc.

negative: Loire Campaign (1429) The Loire Campaign was a campaign launched by Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years' War. The Loire was cleared of all English and Burgundian troops.

negative: Joan the Woman Joan the Woman is a 1916 American epic silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and starring Geraldine Farrar as Joan of Arc. The film premiered on Christmas Day in 1916. This was DeMille's first historical drama. The screenplay is based on Friedrich Schiller's 1801 play "Die Jungfrau von Orelans (The Maid of Orleans).

negative: Pope Joan Pope Joan is, according to popular legend, a woman who reigned as pope for a few years during the Middle Ages. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. The story was widely believed for centuries, but most modern scholars regard it as fictional.Most versions of her story describe her as a talented and learned woman who disguised herself as a man, often at the behest of a lover.