query: China is a major country with high economic growth.

positive: China China , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world 's most populous country , with a population of over 1.381 billion . Covering approximately 9.6 e6km2 , China is the world 's second-largest state by land area and third - or fourth-largest by total area . Governed by the Communist Party of China , it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai and Chongqing ) and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau , also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower .   China emerged as one of the world 's earliest civilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the legendary Xia dynasty . Since 221 , when the Qin dynasty conquered the other largest six states to form the first unified Chinese empire , China has then expanded , fractured and re-unified numerous times in the following millennia . In 1912 , the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949 , when it was defeated by the communist People 's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War . The Communist Party established the People 's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 , while the ROC government relocated to Taiwan with its present de facto temporary capital in Taipei . Both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China , though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory .   China has had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two thousand years , during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline . Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978 , China has become one of the world 's fastest-growing major economies . , it is the world 's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . China is also the world 's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods . China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world 's largest standing army and second-largest defense budget . The PRC is a member of the United Nations , as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council in 1971 . China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations , including the WTO , APEC , BRICS , the Shanghai Cooperation Organization ( SCO ) , the BCIM and the G-20 .

negative: Economy of Asia The Economy of Asia comprises more than 4.4 billion people ( 60 % of the world population ) living in 49 different states . Six further states lie partly in Asia , but are considered to belong to another region economically and politically . Asia is the fastest growing economic region and the largest continental economy by GDP PPP in the world . China and India are currently the first and third largest economies in the world , respectively . Moreover , Asia is the site of some of the world 's longest modern economic booms , starting from the Japanese economic miracle ( 1950 -- 1990 ) , Miracle of the Han River ( 1961 -- 1996 ) in South Korea and the economic boom ( 1978 -- 2013 ) in China .   As in all world regions , the wealth of Asia differs widely between , and within , states . This is due to its vast size , meaning a huge range of different cultures , environments , historical ties and government systems . The largest economies in Asia in terms of PPP gross domestic product ( GDP ) are China , India , Japan , South Korea , Indonesia , Turkey , Iran , Saudi Arabia , Taiwan , Thailand , Pakistan , Malaysia and Philippines and in terms of nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) are China , Japan , India , South Korea , Russia , Indonesia , Turkey , Philippines , Saudi Arabia , Taiwan , United Arab Emirates , Thailand , Iran , Malaysia , Bangladesh and Singapore .   Wealth ( if measured by GDP per capita ) is mostly concentrated in the East Asia in territories of China , Japan , South Korea , Hong Kong , Macau , Singapore , and Taiwan , as well as in oil rich countries in West Asia such as Saudi Arabia , Qatar , United Arab Emirates , Bahrain , Iran , Kuwait , and Oman . Israel and , to a lesser extent Turkey are exceptions : both lie in the territory of Asia despite not often being counted as such . Israel ( entrepreneurship on diversified industries ) is a developed country , while Turkey ( founding member of OECD ) is an advanced emerging country . Asia , with the exception of Japan ( heavy industry and electrical sophistication ) , South Korea ( heavy industry and information and communication technology ) , Taiwan ( light industry and hi-tech parts manufacturing ) , Hong Kong ( financial industry and services ) and Singapore ( high-tech manufacturing , biotechnology , financial and business services ) , is currently undergoing rapid growth and industrialization , and China ( manufacturing and FDI-led growth ) and India ( commodities , outsourcing destination and computer software ) , the two fastest growing major economies in the world . East Asian and Southeast Asian countries generally rely on manufacturing and trade ( and then gradually upgrade to industry and commerce ) , and incrementally building on high-tech industry and financial industry for growth , countries in the Middle East depend more on engineering to overcome climate difficulties for economic growth and the production of commodities , principally Sweet crude oil . Over the years , with rapid economic growth and large trade surplus with the rest of the world , Asia has accumulated over US$ 4 trillion of foreign exchange reserves -- more than half of the world 's total , and adding Tertiary sector of the economy and Quaternary sector of the economy to expand in the share of Asia 's economy .

negative: List of country groupings This is a list of groupings of countries or of intergovernmental organisations , formal or informal , organisational or economic category .   African Union ( AU ) is a continental union consisting of all fifty-five countries on the African continent  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region  Arab League , a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia , Algeria , Bahrain , Comoros , Djibouti , Egypt , Iraq , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Sudan , Syria , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates , Yemen , to draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries  ASEAN , The Association of Southeast Asian Nations , a regional organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states  BASIC countries , four large newly industrialized countries , Brazil , South Africa , India , China , to act jointly on climate change and emissions reduction  Benelux Union is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe : Belgium , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg .  BRIC , Brazil , Russia , India and China , which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development  BRICS , Brazil , Russia , India , China and South Africa , leading developing or newly industrialized countries , and are distinguished by their large , sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs  CIVETS , six emerging markets countries , Colombia , Indonesia , Vietnam , Egypt , Turkey and South Africa , a diverse and dynamic economy and a young , growing population  Commonwealth of Nations , fifty-two member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire  Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ) , to discuss issues surrounding aid , development and poverty reduction in developing countries , the world 's major donor countries , Australia , European Union , Iceland , New Zealand , South Korea , Austria , Finland , Ireland , Norway , Spain , Belgium , France , Italy , Poland , Sweden , Canada , Germany , Japan , Portugal , Switzerland , Czech Republic , Greece , Luxembourg , Slovakia , United Kingdom , Denmark , Hungary , Netherlands , Slovenia , United States  Economic Cooperation Organisation ( ECO ) , Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Iran , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz , Pakistan , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , a political and economic organization , a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities , the objective is to establish a single market for goods and services  EAEU , Eurasian Economic Union , an economic union of Belarus , Kazakhstan , Russia , Armenia , Kyrgyzstan  EU , The European Union , a political and economic union of twenty-eight member states that are located primarily in Europe  Four Asian Tigers , economies of Hong Kong , Singapore , South Korea , Taiwan , underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates , now developed into advanced and high-income economies  G4 nations , Brazil , Germany , India , and Japan , four countries which support each other 's bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council  Group of Eight ( G8 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , and Russia , the world 's major highly industrialized economies in countries that view themselves as democracies  G8 +5 , the G8 nations , plus the five leading emerging economies ( Brazil , China , India , Mexico , and South Africa )  G20 , or Group of Twenty , twenty major economies , Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , China , European Union , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Mexico , Russia , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Turkey , United Kingdom , United States , for studying , reviewing , and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability  Group of 7 ( G7 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States , the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund  Group of 77 ( G77 ) , a loose coalition of developing nations , designed to promote its members ' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations  Gulf Cooperation Council , Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and the UAE . A regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf , except for Iraq .  IBSA Dialogue Forum , India , Brazil , South Africa , an international tripartite grouping for promoting international cooperation among these countries  Mercosur ( Southern Common Market ) , Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , Venezuela , Bolivia , Chile , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Suriname , to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods , people , and currency  MIKTA , an informal partnership between Mexico , Indonesia , Republic of Korea , Turkey , Australia , to support effective global governance  MINT , the economies of Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria , and Turkey  NACAr , Norway , Australia , Canada , Argentina , countries characterized by middle to high income per capita , a low population density and a concentration of exports in natural resources  North American Free Trade Agreement , NAFTA is an agreement signed by Canada , Mexico , and the United States , creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America  Next Eleven ( Nll ) , Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan , the Philippines , Turkey , South Korea and Vietnam -- identified as having a high potential of becoming , along with the BRICS countries , among the world 's largest economies in the 21st century  OECD , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , to stimulate economic progress and world trade , countries committed to democracy and the market economy , most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index ( HDI ) and are regarded as developed countries  OPEC , Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries , thirteen countries accounting for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world 's proven oil reserves  P5 , permanent members of the United Nations Security Council , China , France , Russia , the United Kingdom , the United States  PIGS , the economies of the countries of Portugal , Italy and or Ireland , Greece , and Spain  United Nations ( UN ) , an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation , 193 member states .  VISTA ( Vietnam , Indonesia , South Africa , Turkey , Argentina ) is an emerging markets grouping proposed in 2006 by BRICs Economic Research Institute of Japan .

negative: Economy of South Korea The economy of South Korea is the fourth largest economy in Asia and the 11th largest in the world . It is a mixed economy dominated by family-owned conglomerates called chaebols , however , the dominance of chaebol is unlikely and at risk to support the transformation of Korean economy for the future generations . South Korea is famous for its spectacular rise from one of the poorest countries in the world to a developed , high-income country in just one generation . This economic miracle , commonly known as the Miracle on the Han River , brought South Korea to the ranks of elite countries in the OECD and the G-20 . South Korea still remains one of the fastest growing developed countries in the world following the Great Recession . It is included in the group of Next Eleven countries that will dominate the global economy in the middle of the 21st century .   By creating favorable policy directive for economic development as preceded by Japanese economic recovery as the logistic supplying bastion for American troops in the Korean peninsula during and after the Korean War , South Korea 's rigorous education system and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country 's high technology boom and rapid economic development . Having almost no natural resources and always suffering from overpopulation in its small territory , which deterred continued population growth and the formation of a large internal consumer market , South Korea adapted an export-oriented economic strategy to fuel its economy , and in 2014 , South Korea was the seventh largest exporter and seventh largest importer in the world . Bank of Korea and Korea Development Institute periodically release major economic indicators and economic trends of the economy of South Korea .   In the 1997 Asian financial crisis , the South Korean economy suffered a liquidity crisis and relied on the bailout by the IMF that restructured and modernized the South Korean economy with successive DJnomics policy by President Kim Dae Jung , including the resultant of the national development of the ICT industry . Historically , subsidies were used as means of speeding up adoption of new technology in Korea and has ultimately helped the adoption and development of faster mobile standards for the economy of South Korea . The growth of ICT industry has been far concentrated on the hardware sector , which focuses on expanding wired and wireless telecommunication network penetration rather than the software sector , which creates innovative applications and value-added services . The economy of South Korea is the global leader of consumer electronics , mobile broadband and smartphones . South Korea 's LCD TV global market share also jumped to 37 percent in 2009 , from 27 percent at the end of 2007 , and it will soon replace Japan as the world 's number-one LCD TV supplier . The economy of South Korea ranks No. 1 in the world in ICT Development Index 2015 and 2015 Bloomberg Innovation Index .   Despite the South Korean economy 's high growth potential and apparent structural stability , South Korea suffers perpetual damage to its credit rating in the stock market due to the belligerence of North Korea in times of deep military crises , which has an adverse effect on the financial markets of the South Korean economy . However , renowned financial organizations , such as the International Monetary Fund , also compliment the resilience of the South Korean economy against various economic crises , citing low state debt , and high fiscal reserves that can quickly be mobilized to address any expected financial emergencies . Other financial organizations like the World Bank describe Korea as one of the fastest-growing major economies of the next generation along with BRIC and Indonesia . South Korea was one of the few developed countries that was able to avoid a recession during the global financial crisis , and its economic growth rate will reach 6.1 % in 2010 , a sharp recovery from economic growth rates of 2.3 % in 2008 and 0.2 % in 2009 when the global financial crisis hit . The South Korean economy again recovered with the record-surplus of US$ 70.7 billion mark of the current account in the end of 2013 , up 47 percent growth from 2012 , amid uncertainties of the global economic turmoil , with major economic output being the technology products exports .   South Korea was a historical recipient of official development assistance ( ODA ) from OECD . Throughout the 1980s until the mid-1990s , South Korea 's economic prosperity as measured in GDP by PPP per capita was still only a fraction of industrialized nations . In 1980 , the South Korean GDP per capita was $ 2,300 , about one-third of nearby developed Asian economies such as Singapore , Hong Kong , and Japan . Since then , South Korea has advanced into a developed economy to eventually attain a GDP per capita of $ 30,000 in 2010 , almost thirteen times the figure thirty years ago . The whole country 's GDP increased from $ 88 billion to $ 1,460 billion in the same time frame . In 2009 , South Korea officially became the first major recipient of ODA to have ascended to the status of a major donor of ODA . Between 2008 and 2009 , South Korea donated economic aid of $ 1.7 billion to countries other than North Korea . South Korea 's separate annual economic aid to North Korea has historically been more than twice its ODA .   On June 23 , 2012 , South Korea was landmarked to become the 7th member of the 20-50 club ( with the population surpassing 50 million and maintaining per capita income of US$ 20,000 ) , chronologically , after Japan , United States of America , France , Italy , Germany and United Kingdom . A free trade agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea was concluded on April 1 , 2007 . The European Union -- South Korea Free Trade Agreement was signed on 15 October 2009 . The South Korean economy is heavily dependent on the energy imports and the related refinery technologies in association with the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and in accordance with the South Korea-Australia Free Trade Agreement . The Canada -- South Korea Free Trade Agreement was concluded in 2014 . China -- South Korea Free Trade Agreement went official on November 10 , 2014 . South Korea has the largest indoor Amusement park in the world , Lotte World , adding to the notable export-oriented music industry guided by the Ministry of Culture , Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea ( for more , see Korea K-Pop Hot 100 ) .

negative: Economic development in India The economic development in India followed socialist-inspired politicians for most of its independent history , including state-ownership of many sectors ; India 's per capita income increased at only around 1 % annualised rate in the three decades after its independence . Since the mid-1980s , India has slowly opened up its markets through economic liberalisation . After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and their renewal in the 2000s , India has progressed towards a free market economy .   In the late 2000s , India 's growth reached 7.5 % , which will double the average income in a decade . Analysts say that if India pushed more fundamental market reforms , it could sustain the rate and even reach the government 's 2011 target of 10 % . States have large responsibilities over their economies . The average annual growth rates ( 2007-12 ) for Uttarakhand ( 13.66 % ) , Bihar ( 10.15 % ) or Jharkhand ( 9.85 % ) were higher than for West Bengal ( 6.24 % ) , Maharashtra ( 7.84 % ) , Odisha ( 7.05 % ) , Punjab ( 6.85 % ) or Assam ( 5.88 % ) . India is the seventh-largest economy in the world and the third largest by purchasing power parity adjusted exchange rates ( PPP ) . On per capita basis , it ranks 140th in the world or 129th by PPP .   The economic growth has been driven by the expansion of services that have been growing consistently faster than other sectors . It is argued that the pattern of Indian development has been a specific one and that the country may be able to skip the intermediate industrialisation-led phase in the transformation of its economic structure . Serious concerns have been raised about the jobless nature of the economic growth .   Favourable macroeconomic performance has been a necessary but not sufficient condition for the significant reduction of poverty amongst the Indian population . The rate of poverty decline has not been higher in the post-reform period ( since 1991 ) . The improvements in some other non-economic dimensions of social development have been even less favourable . The most pronounced example is an exceptionally high and persistent level of child malnutrition ( 46 % in 2005 -- 6 ) .   The progress of economic reforms in India is followed closely . The World Bank suggests that the most important priorities are public sector reform , infrastructure , agricultural and rural development , removal of labour regulations , reforms in lagging states , and HIV/AIDS . For 2016 , India ranked 130th in Ease of Doing Business Index , which is setback as compared with China 84th , Russia 51st and Brazil 116th . According to Index of Economic Freedom World Ranking an annual survey on economic freedom of the nations , India ranks 123rd as compared with China and Russia which ranks 138th and 144th respectively in 2014 .   At the turn of the century India 's GDP was at around US$ 480 billion . As economic reforms picked up pace , India 's GDP grew five-fold to reach US$ 2.2 trillion in 2015 ( as per IMF estimates ) .   India 's GDP growth during January -- March period of 2015 was at 7.5 % compared to China 's 7 % , making it the fastest growing economy . During 2014 -- 15 , India 's GDP growth recovered marginally to 7.3 % from 6.9 % in the previous fiscal . During 2014 -- 15 , India 's services sector grew by 10.1 % , manufacturing sector by 7.1 % & agriculture by 0.2 % . The Indian government has forecast a growth of 8.1 -- 8.5 % during 2015 -- 16 .

negative: Economy of the Republic of Ireland The economy of Ireland is a modern knowledge economy , focusing on services and high-tech industries and dependent on trade , industry and investment . In terms of GDP per capita , Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the OECD and the EU-27 at 5th in the OECD-28 rankings as of 2008 . In terms of GNP per capita , a better measure of national income , Ireland ranks only slightly above the OECD average , despite significant growth in recent years , at 10th in the OECD-28 rankings . GDP ( national output ) is significantly greater than GNP ( national income ) due to the repatriation of profits and royalty payments by multinational firms based in Ireland .   A 2005 study by The Economist found Ireland to have the best quality of life in the world . The 1995 to 2007 period of very high economic growth , with a record of posting the highest growth rates in Europe , led many to call the country the Celtic Tiger . One of the keys to this economic growth was a low corporation tax , currently at 12.5 % standard rate .   The Irish financial crisis severely affected the economy , compounding domestic economic problems related to the collapse of the Irish property bubble . After 24 years of continuous growth at an annual level during 1984 -- 2007 , Ireland first experienced a short technical recession from Q2-Q3 2007 , followed by a long 2-year recession from Q1 2008 -- Q4 2009 . In March 2008 , Ireland had the highest level of household debt relative to disposable income in the developed world at 190 % , causing a further slow down in private consumption , and thus also being one of the reasons for the long lasting recession . The hard economic climate was reported in April 2010 , even to have led to a resumed emigration .   After a year with stagnant economic activity in 2010 , Irish real GDP rose by 2.2 % in 2011 and 0.2 % in 2012 , which was mainly driven by strong improvements in the export sector -- while private consumption remained subdued . The economic challenges continued , however , as the prolonged European sovereign-debt crisis caused a new Irish recession starting in Q3 2012 , which was still ongoing as of Q2 2013 . In May 2013 the European Commission 's economic forecast for Ireland predicted its growth rates would return to a positive 1.1 % in 2013 and 2.2 % in 2014 . The Irish economy grew by 4.8 % in 2014 and an unexpected 26.3 % in 2015 .   As of 2015 , Ireland was ranked as the world 's ninth most `` economically free '' economy in an index created by free-market economists from the Wall Street Journal and Heritage Foundation , the Index of Economic Freedom .


query: Peru remains a member of the Group of 15 to this day.

positive: Group of 15 The Group of 15 ( G-15 ) is an informal forum set up to foster cooperation and provide input for other international groups , such as the World Trade Organization and the Group of Eight . It was established at the Ninth Non-Aligned Movement Summit Meeting in Belgrade , Yugoslavia , in September 1989 , and is composed of countries from Latin America , Africa , and Asia with a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity . The G-15 focuses on cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment , trade , and technology . Membership has since expanded to 18 countries , but the name has remained unchanged . Chile , Iran and Kenya have since joined the Group of 15 , whereas Yugoslavia is no longer part of the group ; Peru , a founding member-state , decided to leave the G-15 in 2011 .

negative: Peru national under-15 football team Peru national under-15 football team , also known as Peru Under-15 , represents Peru in association football , at an under-15 age level and is controlled by the Peruvian Football Federation , the governing body for football in Peru .

negative: Andean Group Andean Group ( Grupo Andino ) is a trade organization in Lima , Peru . In 1969 , Bolivia , Chile , Colombia , Ecuador , and Peru established the group by the Treaty of Cartagena . In 1973 , Venezuela joined . Chile quit in 1976 , as did Peru in 1992 . The group created a free trade area called the Andean Pact in 1992 .

negative: Peru Cricket Association The Asociación Peruana de Cricket or Cricket Peru is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in Peru . Cricket Peru is Peru 's representative at the International Cricket Council and is an affiliate member and has been a member of that body since 2007 . It is included in the ICC Americas region .   Cricket has been played in Peru for over 150 years , at the splendid Lima Cricket & Football Club ( LCFC ) , and is now undergoing resurgence as a recently admitted Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) and a founder member of Cricket South America ( CSA ) , along with Argentina , Brazil and Chile .

negative: Movimiento Etnocacerista Peru 's Movimiento Etnocacerista ( aka Movimiento Nacionalista Peruano or `` Peruvian Nationalist Movement '' ) is a group of ethnic nationalists .  The name etnocacerista is composed of two parts : the first evokes Peru 's ethnic identity ( specifically , its origins with the Quechua , a Native American people often identified in the popular imagination with the Inca , a pre-Columbian royal group ) ; the second indicates the group 's veneration of 19th century president and war hero Andrés Avelino Cáceres , who led a guerrilla resistance campaign against occupying Chilean troops during the War of the Pacific .   Most of its members are armed forces veterans of Peru 's internal war or the border disputes with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s .

negative: 13th G-15 summit The Thirteenth G-15 summit was held in Havana , Cuba on September 14 , 2006 . The group 's meeting was coordinated to take place at the same time as a non-aligned summit of 116 developing nations in the Cuban capital .   The summit agenda of the Group of 15 ( G-15 ) encompassed a range of issues . The summit theme was `` Rural and Agricultural Development and the Management of Water Resources . ''   The gathering brought together leaders , representatives and policymakers from non-aligned nations . African G-15 nations are Algeria , Egypt , Kenya , Nigeria , Senegal , and Zimbabwe . Those from Asia are India , Indonesia , Iran , Malaysia , and Sri Lanka . Latin American G-15 nations include Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Jamaica , Mexico , Peru and Venezuela .

negative: Peru–Uruguay relations Peru -- Uruguay relations are foreign relations between Peru and Uruguay . Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1912 , but various agreements were informally passed during the second half of the 19th century . Peru has an embassy in Montevideo . Uruguay has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa .   Historically , both countries were part of the Spanish Empire until the early 19th century . Today , both countries are full members of the Rio Group , the Latin Union , ALADI , the Association of Spanish Language Academies , the Organization of American States , the Organization of Ibero-American States , the Union of South American Nations , and of the Cairns Group .   There are a number of Peruvian citizens living in Uruguay , as well as some Uruguayan expatriates in Peru .   Peru is becoming a significant trading partner for Uruguay .

negative: 12th G-15 summit The Twelfth G-15 summit was held in Caracas , Venezuela on February 27 -- 28 , 2004 .   The summit agenda of the Group of 15 ( G-15 ) encompassed a range of issues . The summit theme was `` Energy and Development . ''   The gathering brought together leaders , representatives and policymakers from non-aligned nations . African G-15 nations are Algeria , Egypt , Kenya , Nigeria , Senegal , and Zimbabwe . Those from Asia are India , Indonesia , Iran , Malaysia , and Sri Lanka . Latin American G-15 nations include Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Jamaica , Mexico , Peru and Venezuela .

negative: Argentina–Peru relations Argentina -- Peru relations are foreign relations between Argentina and Peru . Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 10 , 1822 . Argentina has an embassy in Lima . Peru has an embassy in Buenos Aires , 3 general consulates ( in Córdoba , La Plata and Mendoza ) and 2 honorary consulates ( in Corrientes and Rosario ) .   Both countries are full members of the Rio Group , of the Latin Union , of the Association of Spanish Language Academies , of the Organization of American States , of the Organization of Ibero-American States and of the Union of South American Nations .

negative: Paraguay–Peru relations Paraguay -- Peru relations are foreign relations between Paraguay and Peru . Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2 , 1858 . Paraguay has an embassy in Lima . Peru has an embassy in Asuncion and an honorary consulate in Ciudad del Este .   Both countries are full members of the Rio Group , of the Latin Union , of the Association of Spanish Language Academies , of the Organization of American States , of the Organization of Ibero-American States and of the Union of South American Nations .

negative: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Peru As of January 1 , 2011 , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported 493,563 members in 100 stakes and 24 districts , 776 Congregations ( 596 wards and 180 branches ) , 13 missions , and 2 temple in Peru .

negative: 9th G-15 summit The 9th G-15 summit was held at Montego Bay in Jamaica on February 10 -- 12 , 1999 .   The summit agenda of the Group of 15 ( G-15 ) encompassed a range of issues .   The gathering brought together leaders , representatives and policymakers from non-aligned nations . African G-15 nations are Algeria , Egypt , Kenya , Nigeria , Senegal , and Zimbabwe . Those from Asia are India , Indonesia , Iran , Malaysia , and Sri Lanka . Latin American G-15 nations include Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Jamaica , Mexico , Peru and Venezuela .

negative: 15th G-15 summit The Fifteenth G15 summit was held in Colombo , Sri Lanka in 2012 .   The bi-annual summit agenda of the Group of 15 ( G-15 ) encompasses a range of issues .   The gathering brings together leaders , representatives and policymakers from non-aligned nations . African G-15 nations are Algeria , Egypt , Kenya , Nigeria , Senegal , and Zimbabwe . Those from Asia are India , Indonesia , Iran , Malaysia , and Sri Lanka . Latin American G-15 nations include Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Jamaica , Mexico , Peru and Venezuela .

negative: Great Military Parade of Peru On July 29 every year , the Great Military Parade of Peru celebrating the anniversary of Peru 's declaration of independence from Spain in 1821 is held in Lima , the national capital , by members of the Peruvian Armed Forces and the National Police of Peru and is presided over by the President of Peru and his First Family , members of the Council of Ministers of Peru and the Congress of the Republic of Peru , other civil officials , ecclesiastical leaders , the Diplomatic Corps of Peru , and other invited guests , among them commanders and other officers and personnel of the Armed Forces and the National Police .   The celebrations since 1939 have always been held a day after Peruvian Independence Day on July 28 , where the Te Deum held in the Cathedral of Lima is the focal point of the celebrations . The parade formally marks the end of Independence Day festivities nationwide .

negative: Javier Heraud Javier Heraud Pérez ( 1942-1963 ) was a Peruvian poet and member of the Ejército de Liberación Nacional ( ELN ) .   In January 1963 , a group led by the 21-year-old poet Javier Heraud and Alain Elias crossed through Bolivia , where they picked up weapons , and entered southern Peru . Plagued by Leishmaniasis infection however , the 15 member team decided to enter the city of Puerto Maldonado to seek out medical supplies . The local police were warned of the group 's advance , and on May 15 Heraud was shot in the chest and killed while he drifted past the town in a dugout canoe .

negative: Trujillo Peru Temple __ NOTOC __  The Trujillo Peru Temple is a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . The temple was completed in 2015 and is in Trujillo , Peru . At the time of its announcement , on 13 December 2008 , the temple was expected to be the second in Peru and the 17th in South America . It serves approximately 88,000 members of the church .

negative: Peru national football team The Peru national football team has represented Peru in international football since 1927 . Organised by the Peruvian Football Federation ( FPF ) , it is one of the 10 members of FIFA 's South American Football Confederation ( CONMEBOL ) . The Peruvian team 's performance has been inconsistent ; it enjoyed its most successful periods in the 1930s and the 1970s . The team plays most of its home matches at the Estadio Nacional in Lima , the country 's capital .   Peru has won the Copa América twice and qualified for FIFA World Cup finals four times ; it also participated in the 1936 Olympic football competition . It has longstanding rivalries with Chile and Ecuador . The team is well known for its white shirts adorned with a diagonal red stripe , which combine Peru 's national colours . This basic design has been used continuously since 1936 , and gives rise to the team 's common Spanish nickname , la Blanquirroja ( `` the white-and-red '' ) .   The Peruvian national team took part in the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930 and enjoyed victories in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América , with goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso and forwards Teodoro Fernández and Alejandro Villanueva playing important roles . Peruvian football 's successful period in the 1970s brought it worldwide recognition ; the team then included the forward partnership of Hugo Sotil and Teófilo Cubillas , often regarded as Peru 's greatest player , and defender Héctor Chumpitaz . This team qualified for three World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975 . Peru last reached the World Cup finals in 1982 .   Peru 's most successful managers , Jack Greenwell and Marcos Calderón , led the national team to its major tournament victories . Under the current management of Ricardo Gareca , Peru came third at the 2015 Copa América , reached the quarterfinals of the Copa América Centenario , and participates in the qualification phase for the 2018 World Cup finals in Russia .

negative: 14th G-15 summit The Fourteenth G-15 summit was held in Tehran , Iran on May 17 -- 20 , 2010 . The bi-annual summit agenda of the Group of 15 ( G-15 ) encompassed a range of issues .   The gathering brought together leaders , representatives and policymakers from non-aligned nations . African G-15 nations are Algeria , Egypt , Kenya , Nigeria , Senegal , and Zimbabwe . Those from Asia are India , Indonesia , Iran , Malaysia , and Sri Lanka . Latin American G-15 nations include Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Jamaica , Mexico , Peru and Venezuela .

negative: 1939 South American Championship The fifteenth edition of the South American Championship was held in Lima , Peru from January 15 to February 12 .   The participating countries were Chile , Ecuador , Paraguay , Peru , and Uruguay . Although CONMEBOL member since 1927 , this tournament was the first time the Ecuadorian side participated . Colombia -- member since 1936 -- withdrew again from the tournament , as well as Argentina , Bolivia and Brazil . Peru won for the first time .

negative: Apeace Apeace ( in Japanese , エーピース ; in Korean , 에이피스 ) , formerly known as Double B 21 ( 더블비21 ) or Double B , is a boyband from South Korea . The group was the largest K-pop boy band , with 21 members , until 30 June 2014 , when it changed to 15 members .   The group is subdivided into three subunits : Lapis5 , Jade5 and Onyx5 ( each with 5 members ) . The members were chosen and produced by Kim Kyungwook , known for working with groups such as H.O.T. , Shinhwa and TVXQ .   Until 2015 , subgroups performed 6 days a week , 2 times a day at K Theater at Yebisu Garden Place in Ebisu , Shibuya , Tokyo . The group now performs monthly concerts throughout Japan .

negative: Outline of Peru The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru :   Peru -- country located in western South America , on the Pacific Coast , north of Chile . Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization , one of the oldest in the world , to the Inca Empire , the largest state in Pre-Columbian America . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty , which included most of its South American colonies . After achieving independence in 1821 , Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing .

negative: Perú Negro Perú Negro is an Afro-Peruvian musical ensemble founded in 1969 to celebrate and preserve Peru 's black culture and música criolla . Ronaldo Campos de la Colina founded the Lima-based group with 12 family members . The group has been appointed by the government of Peru as the `` Cultural Ambassadors of Black Peru . '' When Ronaldo Campos died in 2001 , his son Rony Campos took over the direction of the troupe . Today , the group has over 30 members and a youth troupe , Peru Negrito . The group 's album , Sangre de un Don led to the first ever U.S. tour in 2002 . In 2005 the group was honored with two Grammy nominations for their second US album , Jolgorio . The first nomination came through the Latin Grammys ' traditional music category and the second for the Grammy 's World Music category and in 2008 the group received another Grammy nomination for their album Zamba Malato . In 2010 , the group teamed up with famed Peruvian singer , Eva Ayllon to record the album 40 years of Afro Peruvian Classics . The collaboration led to a Latin Grammy Nomination for Best Folk Album .

negative: Peru Davis Cup team The Peru Davis Cup Team is the Davis Cup team that represents the nation of Peru . The team is governed by the Federación de Tenis de Peru . They currently compete in the Americas Zone Group I , and their best result was reaching the World Group in 2008 .

negative: Peru Fed Cup team The Peru Fed Cup team represents Peru in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federación de Tenis de Peru . They currently compete in the Americas Zone Group II .

negative: 2015 Copa América Group C The Group C of the 2015 Copa América was one of the three groups of competing nations in the 2015 Copa América . It consisted of Brazil , Colombia , Peru , and Venezuela . Group play began on June 14 , 2015 and ended on June 21 , 2015 .

negative: Evangelical Lutheran Church in Peru The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Peru ( Spanish : Iglesia Evangélica Luterana en el Perú , German : Deutschsprachige Evangelisch lutherische Kirche in Peru ) is a Lutheran denomination in Peru , founded by a group of German pastors in 1924 in Lima , in association with the Evangelical Church of Germany ( EKD in German ) . It is a member of the Lutheran World Federation , which it joined in 1957 . It is a member of the Latin American Council of Churches . It is commonly known as Christuskirche ( Church of Christ in German ) . The church offer services in both German and Spanish languages .

negative: Iván Miranda Iván Miranda Chang ( born March 8 , 1980 , in Lima , Peru ) , is a professional tennis player from Peru . He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 104 in 2003 .   Miranda has participated in 26 Davis Cup events for Peru from 1998 to the present day , posting a 15 -- 18 record in singles and an 8 -- 11 record in doubles .

negative: Tomás Katari Tomás Katari or Catari ( died January 15 , 1781 ) was a Quechua chief who , in claiming indigenous rights , led a popular uprising in Upper Peru ( present-day Bolivia ) in the 18th century .

negative: Rodrigo Franco Command The Rodrigo Franco Command was a paramilitary organization that acted as a death squad in Peru from 1985 to 1990 . The group was closely aligned with the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance ( APRA ) , which governed Peru under Alan García during the years of the Rodrigo Franco Command 's existence . The group took its name from Rodrigo Franco Montes , a member of the APRA who was assassinated by Shining Path militants .   According to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission , the group committed various human rights violations , including the murder of a human rights lawyer , the murder of a member of the Communist Party of Peru ( Red Fatherland ) , the murder of a member of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement , and the placement of a car bomb in front of a newspaper 's headquarters .

negative: Barbara Lee (singer) Barbara Lee ( May 16 , 1947 -- May 15 , 1992 ) was a member of girl group the Chiffons .   She was born in the Bronx , New York , and died , one day short of her 45th birthday , of a heart attack on May 15 , 1992 .

negative: Peruvians Peruvians ( Peruanos ) are the citizens of the Republic of Peru or their descendants abroad . Peru is a multiethnic country formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries , so people in Peru usually treat their nationality as a citizenship rather than an ethnicity . Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century ; according to historian David N. Cook their population decreased from an estimated 5 -- 9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases . Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers under colonial rule , mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples . During the Republic , there has been a gradual immigration of European people ( specially from Spain and Italy , and in a less extent from France , the Balkans , Portugal , Great Britain and Germany ) . Japanese and Chinese arrived in large numbers at the end of nineteenth century .   With about 29.5 million inhabitants , Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America . Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6 % to 1.6 % between 1950 and 2000 ; population is expected to reach approximately 42 million in 2050 . As of 2007 , 75.9 % lived in urban areas and 24.1 % in rural areas . Major cities include Lima , home to over 8 million people , Arequipa , Trujillo , Chiclayo , Piura , Iquitos , Cusco , Chimbote , and Huancayo , all of which reported more than 250,000 inhabitants in the 2007 census .   The largest expatriate Peruvian communities are in the United States ( Peruvian Americans ) , South America ( Argentina , Chile , Venezuela and Brazil ) , Europe ( Spain , Italy , France and the United Kingdom ) , Japan , Australia and Canada .

negative: Girls' Generation's Romantic Fantasy Girls ' Generation 's Romantic Fantasy was a 2013 New Year 's Day comeback special broadcast on Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ) at 23:15 on 1 January 2013 , starring South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation . The special follows the group in preparation of their fourth Korean-language album I Got A Boy , released on the same day , along with an accompanying live concert featuring songs from the album , the group 's previous hits , and solo performances from members .

negative: Peru national basketball team The Peru national basketball team represents Peru in international competitions . It is administrated by the Peru Basketball Federation ( Spanish : Federación Deportiva Peruana de Basketball ) ( F.D.P.B. ) .   Peru joined the International Federation of Basketball ( FIBA ) in 1936 and has one of the world 's longest basketball traditions .  Its best result to date was 7th place at the 1950 FIBA World Cup .   Until the mid-70s , Team Peru was one of South America 's major basketball forces . It was the second best South American contender at the 1936 Summer Olympics and qualified for four out of five Basketball World Cups between 1950 and 1967 . From 1963 to 1973 , it finished in the Top Four at the South American Basketball Championship at six straight events . However , after 1973 , the team went through a steep decline . The team won its last victory at the South American Basketball Championship on 22 July 2001 , when Peru beat Ecuador 72-58 .


query: Corsica belongs to Italy.

positive: Corsica Corsica ( -LSB- ˈkɔrsɪkə -RSB- Corse -LSB- kɔʁs -RSB- Corsican and Italian : Corsica -LSB- ˈkɔrsika -RSB- ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 13 regions of France . It is located west of the Italian Peninsula , southeast of the French mainland , and north of the Italian island of Sardinia . A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island .   While being part of France , Corsica is also designated as a territorial collectivity ( collectivité territoriale ) by law . As a territorial collectivity , Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regions ; for example , the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers .   The island formed a single department until it was split in 1975 into two departments : Haute-Corse ( Upper Corsica ) and Corse-du-Sud ( Southern Corsica ) , with its regional capital in Ajaccio , the prefecture city of Corse-du-Sud . Bastia , the prefecture city of Haute-Corse , is the second-largest settlement in Corsica .   After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284 , Corsica was briefly an independent Corsican Republic from 1755 until it was conquered by France in 1769 . Due to Corsica 's historical ties with the Italian peninsula , the island retains to this day many elements of the culture of Italy . The native Corsican language , whose northern variant is closely related to the Italian language , is recognised as a regional language by the French government . This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of history but had several brief periods of independence .   Napoleon was born in 1769 in the Corsican capital of Ajaccio . His ancestral home , Maison Bonaparte , is today used as a museum .

negative: Invasion of Corsica (1553) The Invasion of Corsica of 1553 occurred when French , Ottoman and Corsican exile forces combined to capture the island of Corsica from the Genoese .   The island had considerable strategic importance in the western Mediterranean , being at the heart of the Habsburg communication network and serving as a forced stopover for small boats sailing between Spain and Italy .   The island had been administered since 1453 by the Genoese Bank of Saint George . The invasion of Corsica was accomplished for the benefit of France .   The island had major strategic importance , as it was located on the sea route between Spain and Italy , which was vital for the Holy Roman Empire .

negative: Defensive Organization of Corsica The Defensive Organization of Corsica ( Organization Défensive de la Corse ) was the French military organization that in 1940 was responsible for the defense of the French island of Corsica against a potential invasion by Fascist Italy . As part of the overall effort to fortify France 's borders which included the Maginot Line , the fixed Corsican defenses were constructed in parallel with the Maginot Line , using the same organizational structure and similar designs , albeit scaled back in size , cost and fighting power . The Corsican defenses were designed to deter an Italian landing on the south end of Corsica , and to support artillery batteries capable of controlling the Strait of Bonifacio between Corsica and the Italian island of Sardinia , separated by only twelve kilometers . As World War II unfolded , no attempt was made by Italian forces to mount an opposed landing on Corsica . The island was instead occupied in November 1942 . In 1943 Corsica saw fighting when German forces moved from Sardinia . Most of the fortified positions remain to the present day .

negative: Micropterix sicanella Micropterix sicanella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae that was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1847 .  It is known from mainland Italy , Sicily , Sardinia and Corsica .   Adults have been found feeding on blossoms of Cistus salviifolius .   The length of the forewings is 3 - for males and 3.7 - for females .

negative: Corsica (disambiguation) Corsica is a large French island in the Mediterranean Sea .   It may also refer to :  Corsica ( album ) , a folk music album by Petru Guelfucci  Corsica , Pennsylvania , a town in the United States  Corsica , South Dakota , a town in the United States  Chevrolet Corsica , an automobile model  Corsica , a frog in the webcomic Sluggy Freelance

negative: Kingdom of Corsica (1736) The Kingdom of Corsica was a short-lived kingdom on the island of Corsica . It was formed after the islanders crowned the German adventurer Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff King of Corsica .

negative: HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia The HVDC Italy -- Corsica -- Sardinia ( also called SACOI ; Sardinia -- Corsica -- Italy ) is an HVDC interconnection used for the exchange of electric energy between the Italian mainland , Corsica and Sardinia . It is unusual , having more than two converter stations as part of a single HVDC system , and ( as of 2012 ) is one of only two Multi-terminal HVDC systems in operation in the world ( the other multi-terminal scheme being the Quebec -- New England Transmission system linking northeastern United States with Quebec in Canada ) .   The scheme is a monopole using a mixture of Overhead line and submarine cable for the 200 kV high voltage conductor , and sea return for the neutral current . The overhead lines and submarine cables are duplicated , with both circuits being installed on the same towers .   The scheme was constructed in three phases .

negative: Corsica Ferries - Sardinia Ferries Corsica Ferries - Sardinia Ferries ( Corsica Ferries France SAS ) -- ( Forship SpA ) , is a France-Italy based ferry company that operates traffic to and from the islands of Corsica , Sardinia and Elba .   Corsica Sardinia Ferries is a ferry company which started services in 1967 under the name of Corsica Line with the ferry Corsica Express . Since the company 's humble beginnings it has grown into what is today the market leader to Corsica and Sardinia . Corsica Sardinia Ferries is the premier ferry operator on the Western Mediterranean Sea transporting more than 1 million passengers annually aboard their ferries running to and from France and Italy to Corsica , Sardinia and Elba .   Corsica Sardinia Ferries operate 2 return routes from Italy to Sardinia and 10 return routes from France and Italy to Corsica , with a total of up to 13 crossings daily .   The fleet currently consists of 14 vessels . Thanks to its no-frills economical model , the company represents today 60 % of the maritime traffic to Corsica .   In 2005 , Forship Spa , a subsidiary of Corsica Sardinia Ferries , has been condemned to pay 490 000 euros by the Tribunal of Marseille for having `` voluntary discharged at sea '' offshore of the Cap Corse on May 12 , 2004 .

negative: Corsica and Sardinia The Province of Corsica and Sardinia ( Provincia Corsica et Sardinia ) was an ancient Roman province including the islands of Corsica and Sardinia .

negative: Marco Angeli di Sartèna Marco Angeli di Sartena ( 1905-1985 ) was a politician from Corsica , who wrote in the famous Literary Review `` A Muvra '' . He was an active irredentist , supporting the union of Corsica to Italy .

negative: Coleostephus Coleostephus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae ( daisy family ) .   Species  Coleostephus multicaulis ( Desf . ) Durieu - Algeria  Coleostephus myconis ( L. ) Cass . - Spain , Portugal , France , Corsica , Sardinia , Italy , Yugoslavia , Greece , Algeria , Morocco  Coleostephus paludosus ( Durieu ) Alavi - Spain , Portugal , Corsica , Sardinia , Italy , Sicily , Algeria , Tunisia , Libya

negative: Philodromus blanckei Philodromus blanckei is a spider species found in Corsica , Sardinia and Italy .

negative: Geography of Italy Italy is located in southern Europe and comprises the long , boot-shaped Italian Peninsula , the southern side of Alps , the large plain of the Po Valley and some islands including Sicily and Sardinia . Corsica , although belonging to the Italian geographical region , has been a part of France since 1769 . Italy is part of the Eastern Hemisphere .   Its total area is 301,340 km2 , of which 294,140 km2 is land and 7,200 km2 . It lies between latitudes 35 ° and 48 ° N , and longitudes 6 ° and 19 ° E.   Italy borders with Switzerland ( 698 km ) , France ( 476 km ) , Austria ( 404 km ) and Slovenia ( 218 km ) . San Marino ( 37 km ) and Vatican city ( 3.4 km ) are enclaves .   Including islands , Italy has a coastline of 7,600 km on the Adriatic Sea , Ionian Sea , Tyrrhenian Sea , Ligurian Sea , Sea of Sardinia and Strait of Sicily .

negative: Zodarion remotum Zodarion remotum is a spider species found in Corsica and Italy .

negative: Italian irredentism in Corsica Italian irredentism in Corsica was a cultural and historical movement promoted by Italians and by Corsicans who identified themselves as Italian , rather than French or just Corsican , and promoted the Italian annexation of Corsica .

negative: Corsican nationalism Corsican nationalism is a regionalist movement in Corsica , France , active since the 1960s , that advocates more autonomy for the island , if not outright independence .

negative: Haute-Corse Haute-Corse ( -LSB- ot.kɔʁs -RSB- ; Corsica suprana ) ( Upper Corsica ) is a department of France consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica .

negative: French conquest of Corsica The French conquest of Corsica took place during 1768 and 1769 when the Corsican Republic was occupied by French forces under the command of the Comte de Vaux .   France received de jure control of the island of Corsica as a pledge from the Genoese Republic via the Treaty of Versailles in 1768 . Genoa still claimed ownership of the island , although since 1755 , Corsicans had achieved virtual independence and had written a Corsican Constitution ( in Italian ) . After abandoning any hope of recovering Corsica by force , the Genoese chose to sell their rights over the island to France who were keen to gain new territory to replace territory lost during the Seven Years ' War .   France 's initial offensive failed after a significant defeat was suffered at the Battle of Borgo in October 1768 . France dispatched large numbers of reinforcements , swelling the size of their army there to 24,000 . The Corsican army suffered a major setback at the Battle of Ponte Novu and the French forces soon overran the island although Corsican forces were not completely subdued until the following year and sporadic outbreaks of rebellion continued .   The French invasion triggered the Corsican Crisis in British politics . Although they sent secret aid to the Corsicans , the British government chose not to act to prevent the island 's occupation . The leader of the Corsican Republic , Pasquale Paoli , went into exile in Britain where he remained until the French Revolution allowed him to return to Corsica . British troops subsequently intervened in Corsica between 1794 -- 1796 , where they created the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom , and in 1814 when they agreed the Treaty of Bastia . Following the Congress of Vienna control of the islands were returned to the restored French monarchs .

negative: Cuisine of Corsica The cuisine of Corsica is the traditional cuisine of the French island of Corsica . It is mainly based on the products of the island , and due to historical and geographical reasons has much in common with the Italian cuisine , and marginally with those of Nice and of Provence .

negative: Corse-du-Sud Corse-du-Sud ( -LSB- kɔʁs.dy.syd -RSB- ; Corsica suttana ) ( South Corsica ) is a department of France consisting of the southern part of the island of Corsica .

negative: Apatema impunctella Apatema impunctella is a moth of the family Autostichidae . It is found on Corsica and Sardinia and in France and Italy .

negative: Corsican language Corsican ( corsu or lingua corsa ) is a Romance language within the Italo-Dalmatian subfamily . It is closely related to the Italian language and especially to its Tuscan branch . It is spoken and written on the islands of Corsica ( France ) and northern Sardinia ( Italy ) . Corsican was long the vernacular alongside Italian , the official language in Corsica until 1859 ; afterwards Italian was replaced by French , owing to the acquisition of the island by France from the Republic of Genoa in 1768 . Over the next two centuries , the use of French grew to the extent that , by the Liberation in 1945 , all islanders had a working knowledge of French . The 20th century saw a wholesale language shift , with islanders changing their language practices to the extent that there were no monolingual Corsican speakers left by the 1960s . By 1995 , an estimated 65 percent of islanders had some degree of proficiency in Corsican , and a small minority , perhaps 10 percent , used Corsican as a first language .

negative: Adela paludicolella Adela paludicolella is a moth of the Adelidae family . It is found in Italy , Greece and on Corsica , Sardinia , Crete and Cyprus .

negative: Invasion of Corsica Invasion of Corsica may refer to a number of historical events including :   Invasion of Corsica ( 1553 )  French Conquest of Corsica  British Intervention in Corsica ( 1794 )

negative: Corsica, Pennsylvania Corsica is a borough in Jefferson County , Pennsylvania , United States . The population was 354 at the 2000 census . It was named for the Island of Corsica , birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte . The mayor of Corsica is Dave Leadbetter .

negative: Alucita tridentata Alucita tridentata is a moth of the Alucitidae family . It is found in France , Italy , Turkey and on Corsica and Sicily .

negative: Oidaematophorus giganteus Oidaematophorus giganteus is a moth in the Pterophoridae family . It is found on Sicily , Corsica and Sardinia and in Portugal , France and Italy .

negative: Monte Grosso Monte Grosso is a mountain in Haute-Corse , Corsica , France , with an elevation of 1937 m . It belongs to the chain of the Monte Cinto .

negative: Heliozela lithargyrellum Heliozela lithargyrellum is a moth of the Heliozelidae family . It is found in France , Italy and on Corsica and Sicily .

negative: Cavallo (island) Cavallo is a small island in the Mediterranean Sea located between Corsica and Sardinia . It is politically a part of France and its recent history is tied to Corsica .

negative: Rhizotrogus sassariensis Rhizotrogus sassariensis is a species of beetle in the Melolonthinae subfamily that can be found in Italy and its islands such as Sardinia and French island of Corsica .

negative: Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( Repúbrica de Zêna / re ` pybrika ` de ` ze : na / , Latin : Res Publica Ianuensis , Repubblica di Genova ) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast , incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768 , and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean .   It began when Genoa became a self-governing commune within the Regnum Italicum , and ended when it was conquered by the French First Republic under Napoleon and replaced with the Ligurian Republic . Corsica was ceded to France in the Treaty of Versailles of 1768 . The Ligurian Republic was annexed by the First French Empire in 1805 ; its restoration was briefly proclaimed in 1814 following the defeat of Napoleon , but it was ultimately annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815 .

negative: Scopula alba Scopula alba is a moth of the family Geometridae . It is found in France , Italy and on Sicily and Corsica .


query: The Vandals were first heard of in southern Poland.

positive: Vandals The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe , or group of tribes , who were first heard of in southern Poland , but later moved around Europe establishing kingdoms in Spain and later North Africa in the 5th century .   The Vandals are believed to have migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and to have settled in Silesia from around 120 BC . They are associated with the Przeworsk culture and were possibly the same people as the Lugii . Expanding into Dacia during the Marcomannic Wars and to Pannonia during the Crisis of the Third Century , the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the Goths around 330 AD , where they received permission to settle by Constantine the Great . Around 400 , raids by the Huns forced many of the Germanic tribes like the Goths to migrate to the Roman Empire , and fearing that they might be targeted next , the Vandals were pushed westwards crossing the Rhine into Gaul along with other tribes in 406 . In 409 , the Vandals crossed the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula , where their main groups , the Hasdingi and the Silingi , settled in Gallaecia ( northwest ) and Baetica ( south central ) respectively .   After the Visigoths invaded Iberia , the Iranian Alans and Silingi Vandals voluntarily subjected to the rule of Hasdingian leader Gunderic , who was pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman-Suebi coalition in 419 . In 429 , under king Genseric , the Vandals entered North Africa . By 439 they established a kingdom which included the Roman province of Africa as well as Sicily , Corsica , Sardinia , Malta and the Balearic Islands . They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province , and sacked the city of Rome in 455 . Their kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533 -- 4 , in which Justinian I managed to reconquer the province for the Eastern Roman Empire .   Renaissance and Early Modern writers characterized the Vandals as barbarians , `` sacking and looting '' Rome . This led to the use of the term `` vandalism '' to describe any senseless destruction , particularly the `` barbarian '' defacing of artwork . However , modern historians tend to regard the Vandals during the transitional period from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages as perpetuators , not destroyers , of Roman culture .

negative: 1970 Idaho Vandals football team The 1970 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1970 college football season . The Vandals were led by first-year head coach Don Robbins and were members of the Big Sky Conference , then in the college division of the NCAA . Without a usable stadium on their Moscow campus for a second year , they played their home games at Rogers Field at Washington State University in Pullman , Washington .

negative: 1998 Humanitarian Bowl The 1998 Humanitarian Bowl was the second edition of the bowl game , held on December 30 at Bronco Stadium in Boise , Idaho . Played on the blue turf , it featured the Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles and the Idaho Vandals , the champions of the Big West Conference . Idaho was in its first-ever bowl game and upset Southern Miss after entering as a 16-point underdog .   It was Idaho 's third season back in Division I-A ; the Vandals had been in Division I-AA from 1978 through 1995 and were frequently in its postseason . Six weeks earlier , Idaho had defeated rival Boise State on this field by one point , scoring a two-point conversion in overtime to gain their only Big West title . Southern Miss was 5 -- 1 in Conference USA , runner-up to undefeated Tulane ; it was their tenth bowl game .

negative: 1986 Idaho Vandals football team The 1986 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1986 NCAA Division I-AA football season . The Vandals , led by first-year head coach Keith Gilbertson , were members of the Big Sky Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome , an indoor facility on campus in Moscow , Idaho .   Continuing upon the success of the previous four seasons under Dennis Erickson , the Vandals were defending conference champions and finished the regular season at 8 -- 3 and 5 -- 2 in the Big Sky , tied for second . Led by senior quarterback Scott Linehan , Idaho qualified for the I-AA playoffs for the second straight season .

negative: 1925 USC Trojans football team The 1925 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California ( USC ) in the 1925 college football season . Under first-year head coach Howard Jones , the Trojans compiled an 11 -- 2 record and were 3 -- 2 in Pacific Coast Conference play to finish third ; they outscored their opponents 456 to 55 in their thirteen games .   USC had only one road game this season , their first ( and only ) trip to Moscow , Idaho , to play the University of Idaho Vandals

negative: 2014–15 Idaho Vandals women's basketball team The 2014 -- 15 Idaho Vandals women 's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2014 -- 15 NCAA Division I women 's basketball season . The Vandals , led by seventh year head coach Jon Newlee , played their home games at the Cowan Spectrum with a couple of early season games at Memorial Gym , and were members of the Big Sky Conference . This was their first year returning to the Big Sky , the conference they were charter members of and called home from 1988 -- 1996 . They finished the season 14 -- 15 , 8 -- 10 in Big Sky play to finish in a tie for eighth place . They failed to qualify for the Big Sky Women 's Tournament .

negative: 2007 Idaho Vandals football team The 2007 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho during the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season . Idaho competed as a member of the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) , and played their home games in the Kibbie Dome . The Vandals were led by first-year head coach Robb Akey , hired following the departure of Dennis Erickson for Arizona State in December 2006 .   The Vandals finished the season with a 1 -- 11 overall record and 0 -- 8 in conference play , which was the team 's eighth-straight season with a losing record . Idaho 's sole victory came against Cal Poly-SLO , an FCS program .

negative: 2016–17 Idaho Vandals women's basketball team The 2016 -- 17 Idaho Vandals women 's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2016 -- 17 NCAA Division I women 's basketball season . The Vandals , led by ninth year head coach Jon Newlee , played their home games at the Cowan Spectrum with early season games at Memorial Gym , and were members of the Big Sky Conference . They finished the season 19 -- 15 , 11 -- 7 in Big Sky play to finish in fifth place . They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Big Sky Women 's Tournament where they lost to Eastern Washington . They were invited to the Women 's Basketball Invitational where defeated Utah State in the first round , Eastern Washington in the quarterfinals before losing in the semifinals to Rice .

negative: 1988 Idaho Vandals football team The 1988 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season . The Vandals , led by third-year head coach Keith Gilbertson , were members of the Big Sky Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome , an indoor facility on campus in Moscow , Idaho .   The Vandals won their third conference title in four seasons , and made the I-AA playoffs for the fourth consecutive season . Led by redshirt junior quarterback John Friesz , Idaho finished the regular season at 9 -- 1 and 7 -- 1 in the Big Sky . The Vandals scheduled only ten regular season games for the first time since 1969 . Idaho would play only ten regular season games again in 1995 , their final year the Big Sky . The shortened regular season was beneficial in 1988 , as the Vandals played three post-season games , falling on the road in the national semifinals in Gilbertson 's final game as the Vandals ' head coach . He left for an assistant 's position in the Pac-10 in Seattle , as offensive line coach under head coach Don James at Washington .

negative: 2015–16 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team The 2015 -- 16 Idaho Vandals men 's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2015 -- 16 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Vandals , led by eighth year head coach Don Verlin , played their home games at the Cowan Spectrum , with a few early season games at Memorial Gym , and were members of the Big Sky Conference . They finished the season 21 -- 13 , 12 -- 6 record in Big Sky play to finish in third place . They defeated Eastern Washington in the quarterfinals of the Big Sky Tournament to advance to the semifinals where they lost to Montana . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they lost in the first round to Seattle .

negative: 2012 Idaho Vandals football team The 2012 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Vandals were led by sixth-year head coach Robb Akey for the first eight games and played their home games on campus at the Kibbie Dome . This was Idaho 's final season as a member of the Western Athletic Conference ; the WAC ceased to support football after the 2012 season , and Idaho played as an independent in football in 2013 .   After achieving a 20 -- 50 record while head coach and a 1 -- 7 record in 2012 , Akey 's contract was terminated on October 21 . First-year offensive coordinator Jason Gesser was appointed interim head coach for the final four games , in which the Vandals were winless .   Idaho finished the season 1 -- 11 , 1 -- 5 in conference to finish in sixth place in the seven-team WAC . On December 3 , Paul Petrino was hired as head coach for the 2013 season .

negative: 2010 Idaho Vandals football team The 2010 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Vandals , led by fourth-year head coach Robb Akey , were members of the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome , an indoor facility on campus in Moscow , Idaho . They finished the season 6 -- 7 , 3 -- 5 in WAC play .

negative: 2011 Idaho Vandals football team The 2011 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Vandals were led by fifth year head coach Robb Akey and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome . They are members of the Western Athletic Conference . They finished the season 2 -- 10 , 1 -- 6 in WAC play to finish in last place .

negative: 2014–15 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team The 2014 -- 15 Idaho Vandals men 's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2014 -- 15 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Vandals , led by seventh year head coach Don Verlin , played their home games at the Cowan Spectrum , with a few early season games at Memorial Gym , and were members of the Big Sky Conference . This was their first year returning to the Big Sky , the conference they were charter members of and called home from 1963 -- 1996 . They finished the season 13 -- 17 , 8 -- 10 in Big Sky play to finish in a tie for seventh place . They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big Sky Tournament to Eastern Washington .

negative: Heard Island shag The Heard Island shag ( Leucocarbo nivalis ) , or Heard Island cormorant , is a marine cormorant native to the Australian territory comprising the Heard and McDonald Islands in the Southern Ocean , about 4100 km south-west of Perth , Western Australia .

negative: 2013–14 Idaho Vandals women's basketball team The 2013 -- 14 Idaho Vandals women 's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2013 -- 14 NCAA Division I women 's basketball season . The Vandals , led by sixth year head coach Jon Newlee , played their home games at the Cowan Spectrum and were members of the Western Athletic Conference . It was Idaho 's final season in the WAC as they will join the Big Sky Conference for the 2014 -- 15 season . The Vandals would win the WAC championship and participate in the NCAA Tournament .

negative: 1923 Idaho Vandals football team The 1923 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1923 college football season , and were led by second-year head coach Robert `` Matty '' Mathews . It was Idaho 's second year in the Pacific Coast Conference and they were overall and in conference .   Home games were played on campus in Moscow at MacLean Field , with one in Boise at Public School Field .   Idaho opened the season with two convincing non-conference victories , then shut out neighbor Washington State 14 -- 0 in the Battle of the Palouse across the border at Rogers Field in Pullman , breaking an eight-game losing streak in the series . It was the first of three consecutive wins over the Cougars in the rivalry . The Vandals did not break the winless streak against Oregon , but battled to a scoreless tie at Hayward Field in Eugene . Idaho remained undefeated after six games , all shutouts , but lost the final two on the road in California .

negative: List of birds of Heard and McDonald Islands This is a list of the birds of Heard Island and the adjacent McDonald Islands in the southern Indian Ocean . For other animals there , see List of non-avian fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands .   The birds of Heard Island and McDonald Islands , a subantarctic Australian territory between Australia , Africa and Antarctica , are , whether breeders or visitors , almost all seabirds which find their food at sea in the waters of the surrounding Southern Ocean . An exception is the black-faced sheathbill , an opportunistic scavenger around seal and penguin colonies and the only solely terrestrial breeding bird species present on the islands . The southern giant-petrel and Subantarctic skua are also scavengers as well as predators at seabird colonies .   Heard Island is an important breeding site for macaroni , eastern rockhopper , gentoo and king penguins . Endemic species or subspecies are the Heard shag and the black-faced sheathbill . The surrounding waters are home to numerous species of albatross and petrel , some of which breed on the islands , including the endangered southern giant-petrel and the wandering albatross , both threatened by long-line fishing .

negative: 1987 Idaho Vandals football team The 1987 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1987 NCAA Division I-AA football season . The Vandals , led by second-year head coach Keith Gilbertson , were members of the Big Sky Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome , an indoor facility on campus in Moscow , Idaho .   The Vandals won their second conference title in three seasons , and made the I-AA playoffs for the third consecutive season . Led by redshirt sophomore quarterback John Friesz , Idaho finished the regular season at 9 -- 2 and 7 -- 1 in the Big Sky .

negative: 2008 Idaho Vandals football team The 2008 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho during the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season . Idaho competed as a member of the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) , and played their home games in the Kibbie Dome . The Vandals were led by second-year head coach Robb Akey .   The Vandals finished the season with a 2 -- 10 overall record and 1 -- 7 in conference play , which was the team 's ninth-straight season with a losing record . Idaho 's two wins were against in-state rival , an FCS program in the Big Sky , and conference foe New Mexico State . The victory over New Mexico State ended a 24-game losing streak against FBS opponents . Eight of the Vandals ' ten losses came by 23 points or more , and against Utah State , Idaho surrendered a third-quarter lead by yielding 28 unanswered points in the final period . Idaho was outgained by conference opponents by 151.6 yards per game on average .

negative: 1978 Idaho Vandals football team The 1978 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1978 NCAA Division I-AA football season . The Vandals were led by new head coach Jerry Davitch and were members of the Big Sky Conference . They played their home games at the Kibbie Dome , an indoor facility on campus in Moscow , Idaho . Davitch was previously an assistant at the Air Force Academy for five seasons under longtime head coach Ben Martin , preceded by four years as a high school head coach in Tucson , Arizona .   With quarterbacks Jay Goodenbour and Mike McCurdy running the veer offense , the Vandals were 2 -- 9 overall and 2 -- 4 in the Big Sky in 1978 .   The final win was an unplayed forfeit by for a scheduled night game in Moscow in November . Flying from Pocatello to the Palouse on the afternoon of the game because of unavailable lodging , one of ISU 's two chartered Convair 440 aircraft had carburetor problems soon after takeoff and had to land . It carried the defensive players ; the other with the offense landed safely at the Moscow-Pullman airport two hours later . After difficulties in arranging a viable makeup date , a forfeit win was awarded to the Vandals . It was the conference finale for both teams , and Idaho State finished winless in the Big Sky .   This was the first season for the newly created Division I-AA , which the Big Sky joined . It was previously a Division II conference for football , except for Division I member Idaho , which moved down to I-AA this season . Idaho had maintained its upper division status in the NCAA by playing Division I non-conference opponents .

negative: Danick Vandale Danick Vandale is a Canadian bicycle racer , currently with the H&R Block Pro Cycling team .

negative: 1993 Idaho Vandals football team The 1993 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season . The Vandals , led by fifth-year head coach John L. Smith , were members of the Big Sky Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome , an indoor facility on campus in Moscow , Idaho .   Led by senior All-American quarterback Doug Nussmeier , Idaho finished the regular season at 9 -- 2 and 5 -- 2 in the Big Sky . The Vandals made the Division I-AA playoffs and advanced to the semifinals . For three weeks in October , Idaho was at the top of the poll in Division

negative: Elephant Spit Elephant Spit is a 9 km long sand spit at the eastern end of subantarctic Heard Island , in the Australian territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands , lying in the Southern Ocean on the Kerguelen Plateau about 450 km south-east of the Kerguelen Islands . The name refers to southern elephant seals , also known as sea elephants , which breed in large numbers on Heard Island and formed the basis for commercial sealing for oil there during the 19th century .

negative: 2012–13 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team The 2012 -- 13 Idaho Vandals men 's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2012 -- 13 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Vandals , led by fifth year head coach Don Verlin , played their home games at the Cowan Spectrum , with a few early season games at Memorial Gym , and were members of the Western Athletic Conference . they finished the season 12 -- 18 , 7 -- 11 in WAC play to finish in sixth place . They lost in the quarterfinals of the WAC Tournament to New Mexico State .

negative: Bill Heard Enterprises Bill Heard Enterprises was a company based in Columbus , Georgia which operated a group of automobile dealerships , primarily in the Southern United States . It abruptly ceased operations on September 24 , 2008 , as a result of the ongoing troubles in the subprime lending markets . At the time of its closure , Bill Heard Enterprises was the 11th-largest automobile dealer in the United States ( and as high as seventh at the start of the 21st century ) , the largest in the state of Georgia , and the largest dealer of Chevrolet automobiles .   Four days after the closure of its dealerships , Bill Heard Enterprises filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection .   At its peak , the company operated dealerships in Georgia , Alabama , Florida , Texas , Arizona and Nevada . At the closure , there were 13 dealerships in the Heard chain , plus one that had closed two weeks prior .

negative: 2011–12 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team The 2011 -- 12 Idaho Vandals men 's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2011-12 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The team played the first part of their season at Memorial Gym while waiting for the football season to end , then played where the football team plays in the Cowan Spectrum in Moscow , Idaho . They are members of the Western Athletic Conference and were led by fourth year head coach Don Verlin . They finished the season 19 -- 14 , 9 -- 5 in WAC play to finish in third place . They lost in the quarterfinals of the WAC Basketball Tournament to Hawaii . They were invited to the 2012 CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they defeated UC Santa Barbara in the first round before falling in the second round to fellow WAC member Utah State .

negative: Sromowce Sromowce may refer to the adjacent villages of :   Sromowce Wyżne , Gmina Czorsztyn , Lesser Poland Voivodeship , southern Poland  Sromowce Niżne , Gmina Czorsztyn , Lesser Poland Voivodeship , southern Poland

negative: Chinatown, Oakland The Chinatown neighborhood in Oakland , California （ ） , is a pan-Asian neighborhood which reflects Oakland 's diverse Asian American community . It is frequently referred to as `` Oakland Chinatown '' in order to distinguish it from nearby San Francisco 's Chinatown . It lies at an elevation of 39 feet ( 12 m ) .   Chinese were the first Asians to arrive in Oakland in the 1850s , followed by Japanese in the 1890s , Koreans in the 1900s , and Filipinos in the 1930s and 1940s . Southeast Asians began arriving in the 1970s during the Vietnam War . Many Asian languages and dialects can be heard in Chinatown due to its diverse population .   Chinatown is located in downtown Oakland , with its center at 8th Street and Webster Street . Its northern edge is 12th Street , and its southern edge is Interstate 880 ( located approximately at 6th Street ) . It stretches from Broadway on the west to the southern tip of Lake Merritt in the east .   Oakland 's Chinatown , is experiencing a prolonged recession primarily due to a citywide 30 % minimum wage increase , forcing many small businesses that traditionally survived on low margin-high volume goods to shut down because of labor costs . Community planners are attempting a significant move towards gentrification ( with higher-priced development ) , but are foiled by the declining quality of life and increase of crime , vandalism and graffiti left in the wake of a 45 % storefront vacancy rate due to closed businesses .

negative: Len Heard Len Heard is an American darts player .   Heard reached the final of the 1979 North American Open , losing to Eric Bristow . Heard then played in the 1980 BDO World Darts Championship , losing in the first round to Dave Whitcombe . Heard then won the 1980 North American Open . In the 1981 BDO World Darts Championship , Heard lost in the first round to fellow American Jerry Umberger . He then played in the 1982 Winmau World Masters but lost in the first round to Jocky Wilson .

negative: Davis Square statues The Davis Square statues , entitled Ten Figures , are life-sized cast masonry public sculpture , created by James Tyler , located in Davis Square , Somerville , Massachusetts at and near the Davis , Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority subway station . The statues are based on people who lived near Davis Square in the 1980s . In 1996 bronze `` masks '' were added to the sculptures to repair vandalism damage and deter future vandalism .

negative: Mechanics Bay (Heard Island) Mechanics Bay is a bay , 1 nmi wide , lying immediately east of Saddle Point on the north coast of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean . It was named by American sealers after the schooner Mechanic , a tender to the Corinthian in Captain Erasmus Darwin Rogers ' sealing fleet which landed at Heard Island in 1855 .

negative: Corinthian Bay Corinthian Bay is a bay , which is 3 mi wide and recedes 1.5 mi , entered between Rogers Head and Saddle Point on the north coast of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean . The name appears on an early chart compiled by American sealers . It was probably given by Captain Erasmus Darwin Rogers , American whaler and sealer , after his vessel Corinthian in which he made the first landing on Heard Island in March 1855 . Nearby features include Corinth Head .