query: Which countries in the European Union adopted the Euro?

positive: Belgium Belgium (/ˈbɛldʒəm/; Dutch: België About this sound [ˈbɛlɣijə]; French: Belgique About this sound [bɛlʒik]; German: Belgien About this sound [ˈbɛlɡiən]), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts several of the EU's official seats and as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.

positive: Currencies of the European Union There are eleven currencies of the European Union as of 2015, the principal currency being the Euro. The Euro is used by the institutions of the European Union and by the Eurozone states, which account for 19 of the 28 member states of the European Union. All but two states are obliged to adopt the currency; Denmark and the United Kingdom, through a legal opt-out from the EU treaties, have retained the right to operate independent currencies within the European Union.

positive: Cypriot euro coins Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. Cyprus has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and is a member of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. It has completed the third stage of the EMU and adopted  the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2008.

positive: Cyprus Cyprus (/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union.

positive: Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is an umbrella term for the group of policies aimed at converging the economies of all member states of the European Union at three stages. Both the 19 eurozone states and the 9 non-euro states are EMU members.

positive: Estonia Estonia (/ɛˈstoʊniə/; Estonian: Eesti [ˈeːsti]), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north.

positive: Estonian euro coins Estonian euro coins feature a single design for all eight coins. This is a design by Lembit Lõhmus and features a silhouette map of Estonia together with the word Eesti (Estonia) and twelve stars, symbolic of the European Union, surrounding the map. This was the winning design in a public vote of ten announced in December 2004.Estonian euro coins entered circulation on 1 January 2011.

positive: Euro The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the 28 member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain.

positive: Euro coins There are eight euro coin denominations, ranging from one cent to two euros (the euro is divided into a hundred cents). The coins first came into use in 2002. They have a common reverse, portraying a map of Europe, but each country in the eurozone has its own design on the obverse, which means that each coin has a variety of different designs in circulation at once.

positive: European Central Bank The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU) listed in the Treaty on European Union (TEU). The capital stock of the bank is owned by the central banks of all 28 EU member states.

positive: Eurozone The eurozone (About this sound pronunciation ), officially called the euro area, is a monetary union of 19 of the 28 European Union (EU) member states which have adopted the euro (€) as their common currency and sole legal tender.

positive: Finland Finland (/ˈfɪnlənd/; Finnish: Suomi [suomi]; Swedish: Finland [ˈfɪnland]), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordered by Sweden to the west, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east; Estonia lies to the south across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is part of the geographic region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia and parts of Russia.In 2013, Finland's population was around 5.5 million, with the majority living in its southern regions.

positive: Greece Greece  (/ɡriːs/ GREESS; Greek: Ελλάδα, Elláda [eˈlaða]), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía [eliniˈci ðimokraˈti.a]) and known since ancient times as Hellas (/ˈhɛləs/; Greek: Ελλάς, Ellás), is a country located in southeastern Europe. According to the 2011 census, Greece's population is around 10.8 million.

positive: History of the euro The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s.

positive: International status and usage of the euro The international status and usage of the euro has grown since its launch in 1999. When the euro formally replaced 12 currencies on 1 January 2002, it inherited their use in territories such as Montenegro and replaced minor currencies tied to the pre-euro currencies, such as in Monaco. Four small states have been given a formal right to use the euro, and to mint their own coins, but all other usage has been unofficial outside the eurozone (the EU states who have adopted the euro).

positive: Italy Italy (/ˈɪtəli/; Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the  4th most populous EU member state.

positive: Kosovo and the euro Kosovo unilaterally adopted the euro as its currency in 2002; however, it is not an official Eurozone member.

positive: Latvian euro coins Latvia replaced its previous currency, the lats, with the euro on 1 January 2014, after a European Union (EU) assessment in June 2013 asserted that the country had met all convergence criteria necessary for euro adoption.The adoption process began 1 May 2004, when Latvia joined the European Union, entering the EU's Economic and Monetary Union.

positive: List of currencies in Europe There are 28 currencies currently used in the 50 countries of Europe, all of which are members of the United Nations, except Vatican City, which is an observer. All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here.A currency is a medium of exchange, such as money, banknotes, and coins.

positive: Lithuania and the euro Lithuania is an EU member state which joined the Eurozone by adopting the euro on 1 January 2015.This made it the last of the three Baltic states to adopt the euro, after Estonia (2011) and Latvia (2014). Before then, its currency, the litas, was pegged to the euro at 3.4528 litas to 1 euro.

positive: Luxembourg Luxembourg /ˈlʌksəmbɜrɡ/ (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg; German: Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. It comprises two principal regions: the Oesling in the north as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland "\good country") in the south. With an area of 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi), it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe.

positive: Member state of the European Union The European Union (EU) comprises 28 member states, which are party to the founding treaties of the union and thereby subject to the privileges and obligations of membership. Unlike the members of international organisations, the constituent states of the EU are placed under binding laws in exchange for representation within the common legislative and judicial institutions.

positive: Montenegro and the euro Montenegro has no currency of its own. From 1996 the Deutsche Mark was the de facto currency in all private and banking transactions and it was formally adopted as Montenegro's currency in November 1999.

positive: Netherlands The Netherlands (/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdərˌlɑnt]) is the main "constituent country" (Dutch: land) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a small, densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom and Germany.

positive: Poland and the euro Poland does not use the euro as its currency.

positive: Portugal Portugal (/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəlˌ -tjʉ-/; Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The country also holds sovereignty over the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.

positive: Republic of Ireland Ireland (/ˈaɪərlənd/; Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə]), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, located in the eastern part of the island, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom.

positive: Slovak euro coins The Slovak euro coins are the European monetary union euro coins issued by Slovakia since 2009. They feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. Slovakia has been a member of the European Union since May 2004, and is a member of the European Economic and Monetary Union. Slovakia adopted the euro on 1 January 2009, replacing its previous currency, the Slovak koruna.

positive: Slovenia Slovenia (/slɵˈviːniə/ sloh-VEE-nee-ə; Slovene: Slovenija [slɔˈʋéːnija]), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: About this sound Republika Slovenija , abbr.: RS), is a nation state in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.

positive: Spain Spain (/ˈspeɪn/; Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa]), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.

positive: Sweden and the euro Sweden does not currently use the euro as its currency and has no plans to replace the krona in the near future. Sweden's Treaty of Accession of 1994 made it subject to the Treaty of Maastricht, which obliges states to join the eurozone once they meet the necessary conditions.

positive: Swedish euro referendum, 2003 A non-binding referendum on introduction of the euro was held in Sweden on 14 September 2003.  The referendum failed.  As a consequence, Sweden decided in 2003 not to adopt the euro for the time being. Had they voted in favor, Sweden would have adopted euro on 1 January 2006.The ballot text was "Do you think that Sweden should introduce the euro as currency?" (Swedish: ”Anser du att Sverige skall införa euron som valuta?”).

negative: 2 euro coin The 2 euro coin (€2) is the highest value euro coin and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The coin is used in the 22 countries not including the vatican coin which have it as their sole currency (with 20 legally adopting it); with a population of about 332 million. The coin is made of two alloys: the inner part of nickel brass, the outer part of copper-nickel. All coins have a common reverse side and country-specific national sides.

negative: Austria Austria (/ˈɒːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç]), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich, About this sound listen ), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.5 million people  in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,879 square kilometres (32,386 sq mi).

negative: Commemorative coins of Malta Malta since its independence in 1964 from the United Kingdom it has issued several commemorative coins denominated in the Maltese Lira. In 1972, as soon as the Maltese placed aside their former colonial’s currency, the British pound and adopted the Maltese lira, Malta issued the first commemorative coin denominated in the Maltese lira.

negative: Czech Republic and the euro The Czech Republic uses the Czech koruna as its currency and does not participate in European Exchange Rate Mechanism II. It is bound by its 2003 Treaty of Accession to the European Union to join the eurozone once it has satisfied the euro convergence criteria.Although the Czech Republic is economically well positioned to adopt the euro, following the European debt crisis there has been considerable opposition among the public against the adoption of the euro currency.

negative: Danish euro referendum, 2000 A referendum on joining the euro was held in Denmark on 28 September 2000. It was rejected by 53.2% of voters with a turnout of 87.6%.

negative: Denmark and the euro Denmark uses the krone as its currency and does not use the euro, having negotiated the right to opt-out from participation under the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. In 2000, the government held a referendum on introducing the euro, which was defeated with 46.8% voting yes and 53.2% voting no.

negative: Edinburgh Agreement (1992) The Edinburgh Agreement or Edinburgh Decision is a December 1992 agreement reached at a European Council meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, that granted Denmark four exceptions to the Maastricht Treaty so that it could be ratified by Denmark. This was necessary because, without all member states of the European Union ratifying it, it could not come into effect.

negative: Enlargement of the European Union The process of expanding the European Union (EU) through the accession of new member states began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Economic Community (the EU's predecessor) in 1958, when the Treaty of Rome came into force. Since then, the EU's membership has grown to twenty-eight, with the latest member state being Croatia, which joined in July 2013.The most recent territorial enlargement of the EU was the incorporation of Mayotte in 2014.

negative: Enlargement of the eurozone The enlargement of the eurozone is an ongoing process within the European Union (EU).

negative: Euro-Mediterranean Information Society Euro-Mediterranean Information Society (EUMEDIS) is the principal financial instrument of the European Union for the implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership activities.  EUMEDIS was initiated in the Barcelona declaration in 1995.

negative: Euro-Mediterranean free trade area The European Union-Mediterranean Free Trade Area (EU-MED FTA, EMFTA), also called the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area or Euromed FTA, is based on the Barcelona Process and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The Barcelona Process, developed after the Barcelona Conference in successive annual meetings, is a set of goals designed to lead to a free trade area in the Mediterranean Region and the Middle East by 2010.

negative: Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes The Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes (EAPS) is an international alliance of European bank and interbank networks with the aim of creating a pan-European debit card system. The Brussels-based consortium, formally announced in July 2007, includes such members as Electronic Cash in Germany, PagoBancomat/Bancomat in Italy, Multibanco in Portugal, EURO 6000 in Spain, LINK in the United Kingdom and EUFISERV, an ATM system operated internationally by the European Savings Banks Group.

negative: Euro Banking Association The Euro Banking Association (EBA) is an industry forum for the European payments industry with close to 200 member banks and organisations from the European Union and across the world aimed at fostering and driving pan-European payment initiatives. Through its industry initiatives and the euro payment systems it has delivered, the EBA has been and continues to be a key contributor to the creation of a standardised Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA).

negative: Euro Plus Pact The Euro-Plus Pact (or Euro+ Pact, also initially called the Competitiveness Pact or later the Pact for the Euro), was adopted in March 2011 under EU's Open Method of Coordination, as an intergovernmental agreement between all member states of the European Union (except Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Sweden and UK), in which concrete commitments were made to be working continuously within a new commonly agreed political general framework for the implementation of structural reforms intended to improve competitiveness, employment, financial stability and the fiscal strength of each country.

negative: Euro calculator A euro calculator is a very popular type of calculator in European countries (see eurozone) that adopted the euro as their official monetary unit. It functions like any other normal calculator, but it also includes a special function which allows one to convert a value expressed in the previously official unit (the peseta in Spain, for example) to the new value in euros, or vice versa.

negative: Euro convergence criteria The euro convergence criteria (also known as the Maastricht criteria) are the criteria which European Union member states are required to meet to enter the third stage of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and adopt the euro as their currency.

negative: Euro sign The euro sign (€) is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the Eurozone in the European Union (EU). The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. The international three-letter code (according to ISO standard ISO 4217) for the euro is EUR. In Unicode it is encoded at U+20AC € euro sign (HTML €<dot-separator> €). In English, the sign precedes the value. In some styleguides, but not others, the euro sign is unspaced.

negative: Eurogroup The Eurogroup is the recognised collective term for informal meetings of the finance ministers of the eurozone, i.e. those member states of the European Union (EU) which have adopted the euro as their official currency.The group has 19 members. It exercises political control over the currency and related aspects of the EU's monetary union such as the Stability and Growth Pact.

negative: European Common Aviation Area European Common Aviation Area (ECAA) is defined by bilateral agreements between European countries about a single market in aviation services.ECAA agreements between the EU and some external countries were signed on 5 May 2006 in Salzburg, Austria. It would build upon the EU's acquis communautaire and the European Economic Area.

negative: European Union The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental-negotiated decisions by the member states. The institutions are: the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the European Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament.

negative: European debt crisis The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009.

negative: European integration European integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic, social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe. European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies.

negative: Euroscepticism Euroscepticism (sometimes euroskepticism or Anti-EUism), should not be confused with Anti-Europeanism, which refers to the rejection of the culture of Europe and Europeanisation, and sentiments, opinions and discrimination against European ethnic groups. Euroscepticism embodies criticism of the European Union (EU), which excludes some European countries (and partially European countries).

negative: Five economic tests The five economic tests were the criteria defined by the UK treasury under Gordon Brown that were to be used to assess the UK's readiness to join the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU), and so adopt the euro as its official currency.

negative: Flag of Europe The Flag of Europe consists of a circle of 12 golden (yellow) stars on an azure background. It is the flag and emblem of the European Union (EU). It is also often used to indicate eurozone countries, and, more loosely, to represent the continent of Europe or the countries of Europe independent of any of these institutions.

negative: France France, officially the French Republic (French: République française), is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories.

negative: Future enlargement of the European Union The future enlargement of the European Union is theoretically open to any European country which is democratic, operates a free market and is willing and able to implement all previous European Union law. Past enlargement has brought membership from six to twenty-eight members since the foundation of the European Union (EU) as the European Economic Community by the Inner Six in 1958.

negative: Germain Pirlot Germain Pirlot (born 18 March 1943 in Sart-Custinne, Gedinne, Belgium) is a Belgian esperantist and ex-teacher of French and history, presently living in Ostend. He is best known as the inventor of the name euro for the common currency of the European Union (EU).On August 4, 1995, Pirlot sent a letter to then President of the European Commission, Jacques Santer, in which he suggested the name euro to be used for the planned currency of the EU.

negative: Germany Germany (/ˈdʒɜrməni/; German: Deutschland [ˈdɔʏtʃlant]), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, About this sound listen ), is a federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe. It includes 16 constituent states and covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi) with a largely temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Berlin.

negative: Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB).  It is a consumer price index which is compiled according to a methodology that has been harmonised across EU countries. The euro area HICP is a weighted average of price indices of member states who have adopted the euro.

negative: Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (/ˈlɪktənstaɪn/; LIK-tin-styn; German: [ˈlɪçtn̩ʃtaɪn]), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in Central Europe. It is a constitutional monarchy with the rank of principality, headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein.Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north.

negative: Maltese euro coins Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. Malta has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and is a member of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. Malta adopted the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2008, replacing the Maltese Lira. For a period of one month until 31 January, there was a dual circulation for Malta where the Euro and Maltese lira were used alongside each other.

negative: Marcel Desailly Marcel Desailly (French pronunciation: [maʁ.sɛl də.sɑˈji]; born Odenke Abbey; 7 September 1968) is a retired professional footballer. During a successful professional career he represented Marseille, A.C. Milan (winning the UEFA Champions League with both) and Chelsea. On the International stage he was a star of the France national football team squad, with whom he won the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000.

negative: Microstates and the European Union There are a number of microstates in Europe. While there is no clear consensus on which political units qualify as "microstates", most scholars view  Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City as examples of such states.

negative: Moldova For "Moldavians" see Moldavians (disambiguation)Moldova (/mɒːlˈdoʊvə/; Romanian: [molˈdova]), officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Republica Moldova, About this sound listen  ),  is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The capital city is Chișinău.Moldova declared independence on August 27, 1991 as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union.  The current Constitution of Moldova was adopted in 1994.

negative: Opt-outs in the European Union In general, the law of the European Union is valid in all of the twenty-eight European Union member states. However, occasionally member states negotiate certain opt-outs from legislation or treaties of the European Union, meaning they do not have to participate in certain policy areas.

negative: Santer Commission The Santer Commission was the European Commission in office between 23 January 1995 and 15 March 1999. The administration was led by Jacques Santer (former Prime Minister of Luxembourg).The body had 20 members and oversaw the introduction of the euro. It was cut short when the Commission became the first to resign en masse due to allegations of corruption. Some members continued under Manuel Marín until the Prodi Commission was appointed.

negative: Special member state territories and the European Union Several European Union member states have special territories which, for historical, geographical, or political reasons, enjoy special status within or outside the European Union. These statuses range from no or limited derogation from EU policies, to limited inclusion in EU policies, to none at all. Most of the territories which are outside the EU nonetheless have a special relationship with the EU.

negative: Stability and Growth Pact The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is an agreement, among the 28 Member states of the European Union, to facilitate and maintain the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

negative: Switzerland Switzerland (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/; German: Schweiz [ˈʃvaɪts];  French: Suisse [sɥis(ə)]; Italian: Svizzera [ˈzvittsera]; Romansh: Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ]), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a country in Europe.

negative: Switzerland–European Union relations The relations between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) are framed by a series of bilateral treaties whereby the Swiss Confederation has adopted various provisions of European Union law in order to participate in the Union's single market.In February 2014, the Swiss voted in a referendum to introduce quotas for all migrants in Switzerland.

negative: Treaty of Accession 2003 The Treaty of Accession 2003 was the agreement between the member states of the European Union and ten countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia), concerning these countries' accession into the EU (see 2004 enlargement of the European Union).

negative: Union for the Mediterranean The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) is a multilateral partnership of 43 countries from Europe and the Mediterranean Basin: the 28 member states of the European Union and 15 Mediterranean partner countries from North Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Europe. It was created in July 2008 as a relaunched Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (the Barcelona Process), when a plan to create an autonomous Mediterranean Union was dropped.

negative: United Kingdom and the euro The United Kingdom government has announced no plans to adopt the euro, or to replace its currency, the pound sterling. The pound sterling does not participate in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, a prerequisite for euro adoption.


query: What is the highest place of Karakoram?

positive: Apsarasas Kangri Apsarasas Kangri is a mountain in the Siachen Karakoram range. With an elevation of 7,245 m (23,770 ft) it is the 96th highest mountain in the world. Apsarasas Kangri is located on the border between Xinjiang, China and the Siachen Glacier region, controlled by India and claimed by Pakistan.The peak was first climbed in 1976. In 1988, an Indian army team climbed the Apsaras I peak. Apsaras II and Apsaras III are listed as "virgin peaks" by Indian Mountaineering Foundation.

positive: Askole Askole, Askoli, or Askoly is a small town located in Shigar Valley, in the most remote region of the Karakoram mountains, in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. It is notable as the final settlement before the wilderness of the Karakoram. Askole is the gateway to four of the world's 14 highest peaks known as Eight-thousanders (above 8,000m).

positive: Batura Muztagh "Batura" redirects here. For the Indian bread, see Bhatoora.The Batura Muztagh mountains are a sub-range of the Karakoram mountain range. They are located west of the Hunza Valley in the Gilgit District of the Gilgit-Baltistan province in northern Pakistan.They are the westernmost sub-range of the Karakoram, running from Chalt village in Bar Valley in the east to Kampir Dior in the Kurumbar Valley in the west, and they separate the Pamir and Hindu Kush ranges from the Karakoram range.

positive: Central Karakoram National Park The Central Karakoram  is a mountain area endowed with rich biodiversity, natural beauty and important resources. The Park compasses the world’s largest glaciers, outside the Polar Regions. It was declared as the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) in 1993: it covering over 10,557.73 km2 in the Central Karakorum mountain range and the highest park all over the world, it is characterized by extremes of altitudes that range from 2,000 m a.s.l.

positive: Chogolisa Chogolisa (or Bride Peak) is a mountain in the Karakoram region of Pakistan. It lies near the Baltoro Glacier in the Concordia region which is home to some of the highest peaks of the world. Chogolisa has several peaks, the highest on the SW face (Chogolisa I) rises to 7,665 metres (25,148 ft).

positive: Distaghil Sar Disteghil Sar or Distaghil Sar is the highest mountain in the Hispar Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram mountain range, in Gilgit-Baltistan. It is the 19th highest mountain on earth and the 7th highest peak in Pakistan. The mountain has an about 3 km long top ridge above 7400m with three distinct summits: (north)west 7885m, central 7760 m, and (south)east 7696m or 7535m ([1]).

positive: Gasherbrum Gasherbrum is a remote group of peaks located at the northeastern end of the Baltoro Glacier in the Karakoram range of the Himalaya on the border of the Chinese-administered Shaksgam Valley and the Gilgit-Baltistan territory of Pakistan. The massif contains three of the world's 8,000 metre peaks (if one includes Broad Peak).

positive: Gasherbrum I Gasherbrum I (Urdu: گاشر برم -1; simplified Chinese: 加舒尔布鲁木I峰; traditional Chinese: 加舒爾布魯木I峰; pinyin: Jiāshūěrbùlǔmù I Fēng), also known as Hidden Peak or K5, is the 11th highest mountain in the world at 8,080 metres (26,510 ft) above sea level. It is located on the Pakistani–Chinese border in Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan and Xinjiang region of China. Gasherbrum I is part of the Gasherbrum massif, located in the Karakoram region of the Himalaya.

positive: Gasherbrum II Gasherbrum II (Urdu: گاشر برم -2; simplified Chinese: 加舒尔布鲁木II峰; traditional Chinese: 加舒爾布魯木II峰; pinyin: Jiāshūěrbùlǔmù II Fēng), also known as K4, is the 13th highest mountain in the world at 8,035 metres (26,362 ft) above sea level. It is the third-highest peak of the Gasherbrum massif, and is located in the Karakoram, on the border between Gilgit–Baltistan province, Pakistan, and Xinjiang, China.

positive: Gasherbrum IV Gasherbrum IV (Urdu: گاشر برم -4; simplified Chinese: 加舒尔布鲁木IV峰; traditional Chinese: 加舒爾布魯木IV峰; pinyin: Jiāshūěrbùlǔmù IV Fēng) is the 17th highest mountain on Earth and the 6th highest in Pakistan. It is one of the peaks in the Gasherbrum massif.The Gasherbrums are a remote group of peaks located at the northeastern end of the Baltoro Glacier in the Karakoram range of the Himalaya. The massif contains three of the world's 8,000 metre peaks (if one includes Broad Peak).

positive: Hispar Muztagh Hispar Muztagh is a sub-range of the Karakoram mountain range. It is located in the Gojal region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, north of Hispar Glacier, south of Shimshal Valley, and east of the Hunza Valley. It is the second highest sub-range of the Karakoram, the highest being the Baltoro Muztagh. The highest mountain in the range is Distaghil Sar (7,885m/25,869 ft).

positive: Hunza Peak Hunza Peak lies in the westernmost subrange of the Karakoram range in Pakistan, along with the Ladyfinger Peak (Bublimating). It lies on the southwest ridge of the Ultar Sar massif, the most southeasterly of the major groups of the Batura Muztagh.

positive: Karakoram Highway The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is one of the highest paved international roads in the world. It connects Sinkiang Uighur of China and Gilgit–Baltistan of Pakistan  across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass, located at 36°51′00″N 75°25′40″E, at an elevation of 4,693 metres (15,397 ft).Connecting China's Xinjiang region with Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan, the road is a popular tourist attraction.

positive: Karakoram Pass The Karakoram Pass (Hindi: क़राक़रम दर्रा; simplified Chinese: 喀喇昆仑山口; traditional Chinese: 喀喇崑崙山口; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún Shānkǒu) is a 5,540 m or 18,176 ft mountain pass between India and China in the Karakoram Range.  It is the highest pass on the ancient caravan route between Leh in Ladakh and Yarkand in the Tarim Basin.

positive: List of mountain ranges of Pakistan Pakistan is home to many mountains above 7,000 metres (22,970 ft). Five of the world's fourteen mountains taller than 8,000 meters "\eight-thousanders") are in Pakistan, four of which are in Karakoram, near Concordia.Most of Pakistan's high peaks are located in the Karakoram range, the highest of which is K2 (8,611 m), the second highest peak on earth.

positive: Masherbrum Masherbrum (also known as K1) is located in the Ghanche District, Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan. At 7,821 metres (25,659 ft) it is the 22nd highest mountain in the world and the 9th highest in Pakistan. It was the first mapped peak in the Karakoram mountain range, hence its name.The meaning of the name "Masherbrum" is not entirely clear. It may come from mashadar (muzzle-loading gun) plus brum (mountain), from the resemblance of the double summit to an old muzzle-loader.

positive: Masherbrum Mountains The Masherbrum Mountains are a subrange of the Karakoram mountain range, in Ghanche District, Baltistan region of the Gilgit-Baltistan province in northern Pakistan.

positive: Momhil Sar Momhil Sar, at 7,343 metres (24,091 ft) above sea level, is the 64th highest mountain peak in the world.  It is situated in the Hispar Muztagh subrange of the Karakoram range, a few kilometres to the north-west of its parent peak Trivor.

positive: Passu Sar Passu Sar (or Passu Sar, Passu I) is a mountain peak in the Batura Muztagh, a sub-range of the Karakoram mountain range, located in the Gilgit District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, west of the Hunza Valley. It is the high point of the Passu massif, which also includes Passu Diar (or "Passu East", "Pasu II").

positive: Rimo Muztagh The Rimo Muztagh is one of the most remote subranges of the Karakoram range.  The southern part of Rimo Muztagh is in the Kashmir portion of far northwestern India, also claimed by Pakistan.  The northern half, including the Rimo massif, is in the Siachen area (territory controlled by India). It is far from major towns, and close to the militarily sensitive Siachen Glacier, so it has seen little exploration or climbing activity compared to, for example, the nearby Baltoro Muztagh.

positive: Saltoro Kangri Saltoro Kangri is the highest peak of the Saltoro Mountains, better known as the Saltoro Range, which is a part of the Karakoram. It is the 31st highest mountain in the world, but it is in a very remote location deep in the Karakoram.  It is located on the Actual Ground Position Line between Indian controlled territory in the Siachen region and Pakistani-controlled territory west of the Saltoro Range.

positive: Saltoro Mountains The Saltoro Mountains are a subrange of the Karakoram Range. They are located in the heart of the Karakoram, on the southwest side of the Siachen Glacier, one of the two longest glaciers outside of the polar regions.

positive: Sherpi Kangri Sherpi Kangri is a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range. It lies five km south of Ghent Kangri (7,380 m) and ten km northwest of Saltoro Kangri (7,742 m).Sherpi Kangri lies on or very near the Actual Ground Position Line between India and Pakistan.

positive: Sia Kangri Sia Kangri (7,442 m, 24,370 ft) is a mountain in the Baltoro Muztagh in the Karakoram.  Its summit is on the Tibet (China) and Pakistan border.  It is the 63rd highest mountain in the world, and the 25th highest in Pakistan.  The peak is on the watershed between the Indus River basin and the Tarim Basin.  Indira Col is 3 km to the east; between it and Sia Kangri is India’s northernmost point.

positive: Siachen Glacier The Siachen Glacier (Hindi: सियाचेन ) (Urdu:سیاچین) is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Mountains at about 35.421226°N 77.109540°E / 35.421226; 77.109540, just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan ends. At 76 km (47 mi) long, it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas.

positive: Skyang Kangri Skyang Kangri, or Staircase Peak, is a high peak of the Baltoro Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies on the Pakistan-China border, about 7 km northeast of K2, the world's second-highest mountain. The name "Staircase Peak" refers to the East Ridge, which resembles a giant staircase with five steps.

positive: Yutmaru Sar Yutmaru Sar is a mountain in the Hispar mountain range, a subrange of the Karakoram. At an elevation of 7,283 m (23,894 ft) it is the 88th highest mountain in the world. Yutmaru Sar is located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It was first climbed in 1980.

negative: Baltoro Kangri Baltoro Kangri (also known as the Golden Throne) is a mountain of the Karakoram mountain range in Gilgit-Baltistan,  Pakistan. Baltoro Kangri is the 82nd highest mountain in the world with an elevation of 7,312 metres (23,990 ft). It lies to the south of the Gasherbrums and east of Chogolisa Peak (7,665 m). The huge Baltoro Glacier (which is one of the largest glaciers outside polar regions) rises from the foot of Baltoro Kangri.

negative: Baltoro Muztagh The Baltoro Muztagh (simplified Chinese: 巴尔托洛慕士塔格山; traditional Chinese: 巴爾托洛慕士塔格山; pinyin: Bā'ěrtuōluò Mùshìtǎgé Shān) is a subrange of the Karakoram mountain range, in Baltistan region of the Gilgit-Baltistan province in northern Pakistan; and in Xinjiang, China and is claimed by India.

negative: Batura Sar Batura Sar, also referred to as Batura I, is the 25th highest mountain on earth and the 10th highest in Pakistan. It is the highest peak of the Batura Muztagh, which is the westernmost subrange of the Karakoram range. It forms the apex of the Batura Wall, which is a continuously high part of the backbone of the Batura Muztagh.Alternate forms of the name of this peak are Batura, Batura I, and Batura I East.

negative: Biafo Glacier The Biafo Glacier is a 67 km (42 mi) long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan which meets the 49 km (30 mi) long Hispar Glacier at an altitude of 5,128 m (16,824 ft) at Hispar La (Pass) to create the world's longest glacial system outside the polar regions.  This highway of ice connects two ancient mountain kingdoms, Nagar (immediately south of Hunza) in the west with Baltistan in the east.

negative: Bottleneck (K2) The Bottleneck is a location along the South-East Spur, known also as Abruzzi Spur— the most used route to the top of K2, the second-highest mountain in the world, in the Karakoram on the Pakistan/China border.The Bottleneck is a narrow couloir, which is overhung by seracs from the ice field east of the summit. The couloir is located only 400m below the summit, and climbers have to traverse about 100m exposed to the seracs to pass it.

negative: Concordia (Karakoram) Concordia is the name for the confluence of the mighty Baltoro Glacier and the Godwin-Austen Glacier, in the heart of the Karakoram range of Pakistan. It is located in Baltistan region of Pakistan. The name was applied by European explorers, and comes from this location's similarity to a glacial confluence, also named Concordia, in the Bernese Oberland, part of the Central Alps.Around Concordia are clustered some of the highest peaks in the world.

negative: Geography of Gilgit-Baltistan Gilgit-Baltistan has been under Pakistan administration since 1947 and was given self-governing status on August 29, 2009 and is now constitutionally an integrated part of Pakistan. Gilgit-Baltistan comprises seven districts within two divisions of Pakistan.

negative: Geography of Ladakh Ladakh is the highest altitude plateau region in India (much of it being over 3,000 m), incorporating parts of the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges and the upper Indus River valley.The mountain ranges in this region were formed over a period of 45 million years by the folding of the Indian Plate into the stationary landmass of Asia.

negative: K2 K2, also known as Chhogori/Qogir, Ketu/Kechu, and Mount Godwin-Austen (Native Balti name: Chhoghori; Balti/Tibetan script: ཆོ་གོ་རི); Urdu: چھوغوری), is the second highest mountain in the world at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft), after Mount Everest. It is located on the China-Pakistan border between Baltistan, in the Gilgit–Baltistan region of northern Pakistan, and the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang, China.

negative: Kanjut Sar Kanjut Sar is a mountain located in the Hispar Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram mountain range. It lies within the Gilgit-Baltistan province of Pakistan. It is the 26th highest mountain on Earth and the 11th highest in Pakistan.Kanjut Sar consists of two peaks: Kanjut Sar I  at 7,760 metres (25,459 ft). Kanjut Sar II, to the south east of I, at 6,831 m (22,411 ft).Kanjut Sar I was first climbed in 1959 by Camillo Pellissier, member of an Italian expedition directed by Guido Monzino.

negative: Karakoram The Karakoram, or Karakorum (simplified Chinese: 喀喇昆仑山脉; traditional Chinese: 喀喇崑崙山脈; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún Shānmài; Urdu: سلسلہ کوہ قراقرم; Balti:  ཁརན ཨ ཀུརམ  , Uyghur: كاراكورم), is a large mountain range spanning the borders between  Pakistan, India and China, located in the regions of Gilgit–Baltistan (Pakistan), Ladakh (India), and southern Xinjiang (China). A part of the complex of ranges from the Hindu Kush to the Himalayan Range, it is one of the Greater Ranges of Asia.

negative: List of highest mountains There are at least 109 mountains with elevations greater than 7,200 metres (23,622 ft) above sea level. All of these mountains are located in southern and central Asia. Only those summits are included that, by an objective measure, may be considered individual mountains as opposed to subsidiary peaks.

negative: List of mountains in Pakistan Pakistan is home to 108 peaks above 7,000 metres.  and probably as many peaks above 6,000 m. There is no count of the peaks above 5,000 and 4,000 m. Five of the 14 highest independent peaks in the world (the eight-thousanders) are in Pakistan (four of which lie in the surroundings of Concordia; the confluence of Baltoro Glacier and Godwin Austen Glacier).

negative: Machulo La Machulo La is a mountain view point which is considered the most easiest way to view some of the most highest peaks of Himalayas and Karakoram mountains in a single glance such as K2, Broad Peak, Gasherbrum-I, Gasherbrum-II, Gasherbrum III, Gasherbrum IV, K7, K6 and Nanga Parbat.

negative: Malubiting Malubiting (also known as Malubiting West) is the second highest  peak in the Rakaposhi-Haramosh Mountains, a subrange of the Karakoram range of Pakistan.

negative: Mamostong Kangri Mamostong Kangri or Mamostang Kangri is the highest peak in the remote Rimo Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range in India near its border with China. It is located about 30 km east-southeast of the snout of the Siachen Glacier.

negative: Panmah Muztagh The Panmah Muztagh is a subrange of the Karakoram range, in Baltistan, a district of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Its highest peaks are not particularly high by Karakoram standards, but they are exceedingly steep rock spires, unlike many of the peaks in the surrounding subranges. In particular, the highest of the Panmah peaks, Baintha Brakk (The Ogre) (7,285 m/23,901 feet), is a very difficult climb; it has seen only two ascents. The nearby Latok group is of similar difficulty.

negative: Rakaposhi Rakaposhi (Räkapoşi) (Urdu: راکاپوشی), is a mountain in the Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan. It is situated in the Nagar Valley Nagar District approximately 100 km north of the capital  city Gilgit of the Gilgit–Baltistan province of Pakistan. Rakaposhi means "Snow Covered" in the local language. Rakaposhi is also known as Dumani ("Mother of Mist"). It is ranked 27th highest in the world and 12th highest in Pakistan, but it is more popular for its beauty than its rank might suggest.

negative: Safar Hai Shart Safar Hai Shart a popular travelogue television show on-aired on Express News (Pakistan). The show was hosted by Waqar Ahmed Malik & Mukkaram Kaleem. Safar hai shart was an exclusive travelogue produced by Waqar Ahmed Malik, completed on nothing else but on Motorbikes. Two guys on bikes explored the wonders of the Karakoram Highway in Pakistan. The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the highest paved international road in the world and often known as 9th wonder of the world.

negative: Shigar Shigar is a town in the Baltistan division of Gilgit–Baltistan near Skardu in northern Pakistan. Nearby is the Shigar River. The town is a popular site for tourists and trekkers and contains many historical buildings of architectural significance associated with the Noorbakhshi Sufi community. The town is inhabited mostly by Balti people of Tibetan descent. It is a gateway to great mountain range of Karakoram including K2, the world's 2nd highest peak.

negative: Shimshal Shimshal شمشال (in Urdu) is a village located in Gojal, Hunza–Nagar District, in the Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan formerly known as Northern Areas of Pakistan.  It lies at an altitude of 3,100 m above sea level, and is the highest settlement in Hunza Valley of Pakistan. It is the bordering village that connects Gilgit-Baltistan province of Pakistan with China.

negative: Snow Dome, Concordia Snow Dome (or Ice Dome) is a mountain in the Karakoram range near Concordia in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. It lies in the east of Chogolisa Peak (7,665 m) and in the southwest of Baltoro Kangri (7,312 m).

negative: South Ghujerab Mountains The South Ghujerab Mountains are a subrange of the Karakoram range in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The highest peak in the range is Karun Koh, 7,164 m (23,503 ft). This is the only 7,000 metre peak in the range (if indeed it is over 7,000 metres, which is disputed.)On the south, the range is separated from the Hispar Muztagh by the valley of the Shimshal River.

negative: Taghafari Taghafari or Tagafari is the base camp of Rakaposhi peak from Nagar side. Rakaposhi is a mountain in the Karakoram range of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.

negative: The Crown (mountain) The Crown, also known as Huang Guan Shan and sometimes Crown Peak, is a mountain in the Karakoram mountain range in China. It is located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Its summit has an elevation of 7,295 metres (23,934 ft) and it is the highest peak in the Yengisogat subrange of the Karakoram.The summit was first climbed in 1993 by a Japanese party of the Tōkai branch of the Japanese Alpine Club.

negative: Trans-Karakoram Tract The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng) also known as Shaksgam or the Shaksgam Tract is an area of nearly 5,800 km2 (2,239 sq mi) along both sides of the Shaksgam River entirely administered by the People's Republic of China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but claimed by Pakistan until 1963.

negative: Ultar Ultar Sar (Urdu:آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Gilgit District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.

negative: Vladas Vitkauskas Vladas Vitkauskas (born on May 7, 1953 in Viduklė, Raseiniai district in Lithuania) became the first Lithuanian and the first mountaineer from the Baltic states to climb the world‘s highest mountain, Mt. Everest (8,848 m, May 10, 1993).Between 1993 and 1996 Vitkauskas climbed the Seven Summits, the highest peaks of all the continents including Mt. Everest (Eurasia), Mt. McKinley (6,194 m, North America), Vinson Massif (4,897 m, Antarctica), Kilimanjaro (5,895 m, Africa), Mt.

negative: World altitude record (mountaineering) In the history of mountaineering, the world altitude record referred to the highest point on the Earth's surface which had been reached, regardless of whether that point was an actual summit. The world summit record referred to the highest mountain to have been successfully climbed.

negative: Yengisogat The Yengisogat range (音苏盖提), also known as the Wesm Mountains, is a Chinese subrange of the Karakoram mountain range. It lies north of the Baltoro Muztagh, home of the eight-thousanders of the Karakoram. The highest peak is Huangguan Shan, or Crown Peak, 7,265 m (23,835 ft) (also sometimes given as 7,295 m/23,934 ft).

negative: Angel Sar Angel Sar or Angel Peak is a mountain in Karakoram range of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, near K2, the second highest mountain on Earth.

negative: Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe The Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion found in parts of Pakistan, China, Afghanistan, and India.


query: Give me all Frisian islands that belong to the Netherlands.

positive: Ameland Ameland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːməlɑnt]; West Frisian: It Amelân)  is a municipality and one of the West Frisian Islands off the north coast of the Netherlands. It consists mostly of sand dunes.  It is the third major island of the West Frisians. It neighbours islands Terschelling to the West and Schiermonnikoog to the East.

positive: Bosch (island) Bosch (Dutch pronunciation: [bɔs]) was a West Frisian island in the Wadden Sea. It was situated off the coast of present-day Groningen in the Netherlands, between the islands of Schiermonnikoog and Rottumeroog.Between 1400 and 1570 CE, the island Monnikenlangenoog had split into the islands Bosch and Rottumeroog. Bosch disappeared in the Christmas Flood of 1717.

positive: Dunes of Texel National Park Dunes of Texel National Park (Dutch: Nationaal Park Duinen van Texel) is a national park located on the Frisian island of Texel in the Netherlands. All dune systems on the western side of the island and the large coastal plains on both the northern and southern points of the island are part of the park. The park covers approximately 43 km2 (17 sq mi) and attained national park status in 2002. The visitor center is located in the natural history museum Ecomare.In 1927 botanist Jac. P.

positive: Frisia Frisia or Friesland is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea in what today is mostly a large part of the Netherlands, including modern Friesland, and smaller parts of Germany. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language.

positive: Frisian Islands The Frisian Islands, also known as the Wadden Islands or Wadden Sea Islands, form an archipelago at the eastern edge of the North Sea in northwestern Europe, stretching from the northwest of the Netherlands through Germany to the west of Denmark.

positive: Frisians This article is about the modern Frisians, for the ancient Germanic tribe also called Frisians see Frisii.The Frisians are a Germanic ethnic group native to the coastal parts of the Netherlands and Germany. They inhabit an area known as Frisia and are concentrated in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia (which was a part of Denmark until 1864).

positive: German Bight The German Bight (German: Deutsche Bucht; Danish: Tyske Bugt; Dutch: Duitse Bocht; West Frisian: Dútske bocht; sometimes also the German Bay) is the southeastern bight of the North Sea bounded by the Netherlands and Germany to the south, and Denmark and Germany to the east (the Jutland peninsula). To the north and west it is limited by the Dogger Bank. The Bight contains the Frisian and Danish Islands.

positive: Griend Griend (Dutch pronunciation: [ɣrint]; West Frisian: Gryn) is a small uninhabited Dutch island in the Wadden Sea, lying around 12 kilometres south of Terschelling. It is one of the West Frisian Islands, and belongs to the municipality of Terschelling. The island currently has an area of around 0.1 km2.

positive: Monnikenlangenoog Monnikenlangenoog (Dutch pronunciation: [mɔnɪkə(n)lɑŋə(n)oːx]; English: Monks' Long Island), also called Moenkelangenoe, was a West Frisian island in the Wadden Sea. It was situated off the coast of present-day Groningen in the Netherlands, between the islands of Schiermonnikoog and Borkum.Monnikenlangenoog was 12 to 14 or 15 km long. During summers, the island was used for animal farming, which was of economic importance. In the 14th century, the island was the property of the St.

positive: Noorderhaaks Noorderhaaks (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌnoːrdərˈɦaːks]), also called Razende bol (Raging ball in Dutch), is an uninhabited Dutch island in the North Sea, a few kilometres west of the Marsdiep which separates the island of Texel from mainland Netherlands.

positive: North Frisian Islands The North Frisian Islands are a group of islands in the Wadden Sea, a part of the North Sea, off the western coast of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The German islands are in the traditional region of North Frisia and are part of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park and the Kreis (district) of Nordfriesland. Occasionally Heligoland is also included in this group.Sometimes the North Frisian Islands include also the Danish Wadden Sea Islands on the western coast of Jutland, Denmark.

positive: Oan Schylge Oan Schylge is the anthem of Terschelling, one of the West Frisian Islands in the northern Netherlands. The lyrics were written in 1855 by Jacob Sijbrands Bakker in the West Frisian dialect spoken on the island. "Schylge" is the name of Terschelling in local Frisian, and "Oan Schylge" means "To Terschelling". The origin of the music is uncertain: Perhaps it has been composed by Hendrik Rotgans (1851–1910), but it could also have been borrowed from an older folk song.

positive: Richel For the boxer, see Richel HersisiaRichel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɪɣəl]; English: Ridge), or rather De Richel (The Ridge), is a permanently dry sandbank in the Wadden Sea, in the gap between the Dutch islands of Vlieland and Terschelling. It is located about 1 kilometer east of the northernmost point of Vlieland and is administered by the municipality of Vlieland. The sandbank has an average surface area of 116 hectares.  It is completely flooded only during extremely high tides.

positive: Rif (island) Rif (Dutch pronunciation: [rɪf]) is a small, uninhabited, Dutch island in the Wadden Sea, lying between Ameland and Schiermonnikoog, north of Engelsmanplaat. It is one of the West Frisian Islands. The island currently has an area of less than 0.1 km². There are no breeding birds to be found, but it is popular as a high tide resting area, for birds as well as seals.

positive: Rottum (island group) Rottum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɔtʏm]) is a nature reserve in the Wadden Sea in the Netherlands. It consists of the three West Frisian Islands Rottumerplaat, Rottumeroog, and Zuiderduintjes. As a nature reserve, Rottum receives highest protection status under Dutch Law, admission to the islands is restricted. The Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and the government organisations Rijkswaterstaat and Staatsbosbeheer share responsibility for the nature reserve.

positive: Rottumeroog Rottumeroog (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌrɔtʏmərˈoːx]) is an uninhabited island in the Wadden Sea and is part of the Netherlands. The island is one of three West Frisian Islands in the province of Groningen. It is situated between the islands of Rottumerplaat and Borkum.The island originates from the 15th or 16th century. At first the island was used for agriculture by the St. Juliana's Abbey from Rottum. Rottumeroog is now part of the natural reserve Rottum and access to the island is prohibited.

positive: Rottumerplaat Rottumerplaat (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌrɔtʏmərˈplaːt]) is one of the three islands that make up Rottum in the West Frisian Islands. The island is located in the North Sea off the Dutch coast. It is situated between the islands of Schiermonnikoog and Rottumeroog.Access to the island is prohibited since Rottumerplaat is a resting and forage area for numerous bird species.

positive: Schiermonnikoog Schiermonnikoog ([ˌsxiːrmɔnəkˈoːx]; West Frisian: Skiermûntseach) is an island, a municipality, and a national park in the northern Netherlands. Schiermonnikoog is one of the West Frisian Islands, and is part of the province of Friesland. It is situated between the islands of Ameland and Rottumerplaat.The island is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) long and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) wide and is the site of the Netherlands' first national park.  The only village on the island is also called Schiermonnikoog.

positive: Simonszand Simonszand (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsimɔnsˌzɑnt]) is a sandbank between the West Frisian Islands of Schiermonnikoog and Rottumerplaat in the Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Eemsmond in the province of Groningen.

positive: Skarsterlân Skarsterlân (Dutch: Scharsterland About this sound pronunciation ) is a former municipality in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands. The municipality was created 1 January 1984 by merging the municipalities of Doniawerstal and Haskerland, the part of Utingeradeel consisting of the villages Akmarijp and Terkaple and the village Nieuwebrug that used to belong to Heerenveen. City hall was located in Joure.

positive: Texel Texel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtɛsəl]) is a municipality and an island with a population of 13,641 in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. It is the largest and most populated island of the West Frisian Islands in the Wadden Sea. The island is situated north of Den Helder, northeast of Noorderhaaks, also known as "Razende Bol" and southwest of Vlieland.

positive: Vlieland Vlieland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvlilɑnt]; West Frisian: Flylân) is a municipality and island in the northern Netherlands. The municipality of Vlieland has only one major town: Oost-Vlieland (West Frisian: East-Flylân). It is the second-least densely populated municipality in the Netherlands (after Schiermonnikoog).Vlieland is one of the West Frisian Islands, lying in the Wadden Sea. It is the second island from the west in the chain, lying between Texel and Terschelling.

positive: Wangerooge Wangerooge is one of the 32 Frisian Islands in the North Sea located close to the coasts of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is also a municipality in the district of Friesland in Lower Saxony in Germany.Wangerooge is one of the East Frisian Islands.

positive: West Frisian Islands The West Frisian Islands (Dutch: Waddeneilanden; West Frisian: Waadeilannen) are a chain of islands in the North Sea off the Dutch coast, along the edge of the Wadden Sea.

positive: Zuiderduintjes Zuiderduintjes (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzœy̯dərˌdœy̯ncəs]; English: Little Southern Dunes) is an uninhabited island in the Wadden Sea in the Netherlands. It is situated south of Rottumeroog, east of Rottumerplaat, and west of Borkum. The island is one of the three West Frisian Islands in the municipality of Eemsmond and in the province of Groningen.Zuiderduintjes is part of the natural reserve Rottum and access to the island is prohibited.

negative: Danish Wadden Sea Islands The Danish Wadden Sea Islands are a group of islands on the western coast of Jutland, Denmark. They have belonged to the new region of Southern Denmark since January 1, 2007. Previously they belonged to the counties of South Jutland and Ribe.The Danish islands differ from the German North Frisian Islands because no Frisians live on the Danish islands.

negative: Dutch language Dutch (About this sound Nederlands ) is a West Germanic language that is spoken in the European Union by about 23 million people as a first language—including most of the population of the Netherlands and about sixty percent of that of Belgium—and by another 5 million as a second language.Outside of the Low Countries, it is spoken natively by the majority of the population of Suriname, and also holds official status in the Caribbean island nations of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

negative: Dutch people The Dutch (Dutch: About this sound Nederlanders ), occasionally referred to as Netherlanders, a term that is cognate to the Dutch word for Dutch people, "Nederlanders" are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Netherlands. They share a common culture and speak the Dutch language.

negative: East Frisia East Frisia or Eastern Friesland (German: Ostfriesland; East Frisian Low Saxon: Oostfreesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony. It is the middle section of Frisia between West Frisia in the Netherlands and North Frisia in Schleswig-Holstein. Administratively Ostfriesland belongs to three districts, namely Aurich, Leer, Wittmund and to the city of Emden. There are 465,000 people living in an area of 3144.26 square kilometres.

negative: East Frisian jokes In German humour, East Frisian jokes (German: Ostfriesenwitz) belong to the group of jokes about certain nationalities, in this case the East Frisians of northern Germany. The basic structure of these jokes takes the form of a simple question and answer; the question often asking something about the nature of the East Frisian and the humorous reply usually being at the expense of the supposedly stupid and/or primitive East Frisian.

negative: East Frisians East Frisians (German: Ostfriesen) are, in the wider sense, the inhabitants of East Frisia in the northwest of the German state of Lower Saxony. In the narrower sense the East Frisians are the eastern branch of the Frisians, a Germanic people and belong, together with the Danes, Sorbs, Sinti and Romanies to the recognised minorities in Germany. They are closely related to the Saterland Frisians, who come from East Frisia and moved from the coastal region to the interior.

negative: Eierland Eierland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛiərlɑnt]) is a former island in the Netherlands. It is now the northern part of the island of Texel. The name means "egg land", named for the seagull eggs that were collected on the island and sent to Amsterdam.The island of Eierland was a part of Vlieland until the 13th century, when it became a separate island. During the 16th century, a sand bank grew in the sea arm between Texel and Eierland, which eventually was submerged only at extremely high tide.

negative: Engelsmanplaat Engelsmanplaat (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛŋəlsmɑnˌplaːt]), or De Kalkman which is its local name, is a small sandbank between the Dutch islands Ameland and Schiermonnikoog.

negative: Frisian American Frisian Americans are Americans with full or partial Frisian ancestry.Frisians a Germanic ethnic group native to the coastal parts of the Netherlands and Germany. They are closely related to the Dutch and the English. They have their own Frisian languages divided by geographical regions.

negative: Frisian languages The Frisian /ˈfriːʒən/ languages are a closely related group of Germanic languages, spoken by about 500,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark. The Frisian dialects are the closest living languages to English, after Scots. However, modern English and Frisian are unintelligible to each other.

negative: Frisian literature Frisian literature is works written in the Frisian languages, particularly that of West Frisian spoken in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands, from which most texts were produced or have survived.  The first texts written in Frisian emerge around the 13th century.  Frisian as a written language has for the most part historically been secondary to Dutch and Latin for all official purposes.

negative: Fryske Akademy The Fryske Akademy, founded in 1938, is the scientific centre for research and education concerning Friesland (Fryslân in West Frisian) and its people, language and culture, this in its broadest sense. The institution is based in the Coulonhûs and adjacent buildings in Leeuwarden. Together with several other institutes it belongs to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). It has about 60 employees.

negative: Föhr Föhr About this sound pronunciation  (Fering North Frisian: Feer; Danish: Før) is one of the North Frisian Islands on the German coast of the North Sea. It is part of the Nordfriesland district in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein. Föhr is the second-largest North Sea island of Germany and a popular destination for tourists. A town and eleven distinct municipalities are located on the island.

negative: Germanic languages The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of approximately 500 million people mainly in North America, Oceania, Central Europe, Western and Northern Europe.The West Germanic branch includes the two most widely spoken Germanic languages: English, with approximately 360–400 million native speakers, and German, with over 100 million native speakers.

negative: Klozum Klozum (or  Klozem) is a holiday feast celebrated every 5 December on the Dutch island of Schiermonnikoog. The name literally means "Uncle Claus" (as in Saint Nicholas). Despite the name and date, the tradition is not directly related to Sinterklaas, which is also celebrated on 5 December in the Netherlands.

negative: Languages of Europe Not to be confused with Indo-European languages.Most of the languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family. This family is divided into a number of branches, including Romance, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic, Albanian, Celtic, Armenian and Hellenic (Greek). The Uralic languages, which include Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, also have a significant presence in Europe.

negative: Languages of the Netherlands The official national language of the Netherlands is Dutch, spoken by almost all people in the Netherlands. Dutch is also spoken and official in Aruba, Belgium, Curaçao, Flanders, Sint Maarten and Suriname. It is a West Germanic, Low Franconian language that originated in the Early Middle Ages (c. 470) and was standardized in the 16th century.There are also some recognized provincial languages and regional dialects.Frisian is a co-official language in the province of Friesland.

negative: List of islands of Germany This is a list of all offshore islands that belong to Germany, which are found in the North and Baltic Seas.In addition, some islands in inland waters are also listed.

negative: Middle Frisian language Middle Frisian evolved from Old Frisian from the 16th century and was spoken until c. 1820, considered the beginning of the Modern period of the Frisian languages.Up until the 15th century Old Frisian was a language widely spoken and written in what are now the Netherlands and Germany, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas.

negative: Minsener Oog Minsener Oog, also Minser Oog or Minsener Oldeoog, is an uninhabited East Frisian island that belongs to the parish of Wangerooge in the north German district of Friesland in the state of Lower Saxony. It has been artificially enlarged  through the construction of groynes.

negative: Mudflat hiking Mudflat hiking (Dutch: Wadlopen, German: Wattwandern) is a recreation enjoyed by Dutch, Germans, Danes, and others in the Netherlands, northwest Germany and in Denmark. Mudflat hikers are people who, with the aid of a tide table, use a period of low water to walk and wade on the watershed of the mudflats, especially from the Frisian mainland coast to the Frisian islands.The Wadden Sea, a belt of the North Sea, is well suited to this traditional practice.

negative: Neßmersiel Neßmersiel belongs to the municipality Dornum in the rural district Aurich in Lower Saxony, Germany. Neßmersiel is located about 5 kilometres northwest of Dornum. From 1867 to 1977, Neßmersiel belonged to Norden (Altkreis Norden).The original port was built about 1570. Grain was shipped to Bremen, Hamburg, the Netherlands and Norway. By 1700, the harbour had to be moved closer to the sea when the original location filled with silt from the dikes. By 1930, the new location was also closed.

negative: North Frisians North Frisians are, in the wider sense, the inhabitants of the district of Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein. In a narrower sense they are an ethnic sub-group of the Frisians from North Frisia and on Heligoland. This people still uses to some extent the different dialects of the North Frisian language, that belong to the group of Ingvaeonic languages.

negative: North Sea The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north.

negative: North Tower (lighthouse) The North Tower is the unofficial name for one of the lighthouses on the Dutch island Schiermonnikoog, one of the Frisian Islands, on the edge of the North Sea; the other is the South Tower. It was built by H.G. Jansen & A. van Rhyn, and was activated in 1854. From the tower, weather reports are issued for the coastal waters. In 1998 it was painted red.

negative: Pellworm Pellworm (Danish: Pelvorm; North Frisian Polweerm) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.Municipality is located on island Pellworm – one of the North Frisian Islands on the North Sea coast of Germany. Its area is 37 km², and its population is roughly 1,200.In medieval times Pellworm was a part of the larger island of Strand which was torn into pieces in a disastrous storm tide in 1634. Other remnants of Strand are Nordstrand and the Halligen.

negative: Saterland Frisians The Saterland Frisians (German: Saterfriesen) are one of the smallest language groups in Europe. They belong to the eastern branch of the Frisian people and are thus a recognised minority within Germany. They live in the Saterland (Saterland Frisian: Seelterlound), a community in the northern part of Cloppenburg district (Lower Saxony).

negative: Spiekeroog Spiekeroog is one of the East Frisian Islands, off the North Sea coast of Germany.  It is situated between Langeoog to its west, and Wangerooge to its east. The island belongs to the district of Wittmund, in Lower Saxony in Germany.  The only village on the island is also called Spiekeroog.The island is part of the Wadden Sea World Heritage Site by the UNESCO and the Wittbülten National Park.Spiekeroog covers an area of 18.25 km2, the shortest distance to the mainland is 5.7 km.

negative: St. Peter's Flood St. Peter's Flood (Dutch: Sint-Pietersvloed, German: Petriflut) refers to two separate storm tides that struck the coasts of Netherlands and Northern Germany in 1651. During the first storm tide, on 22 February, the East Frisian island of Juist was split in two. During the second disaster, on 4–5 March, the city of Amsterdam was flooded.In the past, the two storm tides were thought to have been a single event.

negative: Stins A stins (Dutch, pl. stinsen; from West Frisian stienhûs [Dutch steenhuis] "stone house", shortened to stins, pl. stinzen) is a former stronghold or villa in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. Many stinsen carry the name "state" (related to English 'estate').Stinsen used to belong to noblemen or prominent citizens. Most stinsen were demolished in the 19th century, when maintenance became too expensive.

negative: Strand (island) Strand was an island on the west coast of Nordfriesland in the Duchy of Schleswig, which was a fiefdom of the Danish crown. Now, the area belongs to Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany.The island was formed by the Grote Mandrenke, a huge storm tide that occurred on January 16, 1362. Many villages and towns along the Danish coast, such as Rungholt, were lost.

negative: Terschelling Terschelling (Dutch pronunciation: [tɛrˈsxɛlɪŋ]; West Frisian: Skylge; Terschelling dialect: Schylge) is a municipality and an island in the northern Netherlands, one of the West Frisian Islands. It is situated between the islands of Vlieland and Ameland.Wadden Islanders are known for their resourcefulness in using anything and everything that washes ashore. With few trees to use for timber, most of the farms and barns are built with masts recovered from shipwrecks.

negative: Vuurduin Vuurduin is a lighthouse on the Dutch island Vlieland. The tower is the top part of the former front light of the leading lights in IJmuiden, designed by Quirinus Harder.The lighthouse was placed on Vlieland in 1909, on top of one of the Voorboetsduin, one of the highest sand dunes (at 45 metres) in the Netherlands. A lookout tower was built next to the lighthouse in 1929. In 1986, the cupola was renovated. While a lighthouse keeper still attends, the lighthouse is fully automated.

negative: Wadden Sea The Wadden Sea (Dutch: Waddenzee, German: Wattenmeer, Low German: Wattensee or Waddenzee, Danish: Vadehavet, West Frisian: Waadsee) is an intertidal zone in the southeastern part of the North Sea. It lies between the coast of northwestern continental Europe and the range of Frisian Islands, forming a shallow body of water with tidal flats and wetlands. It is rich in biological diversity.

negative: West Frisian language West Frisian, or simply Frisian (Frysk; Dutch: Fries [ˈfris]) is a language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the three Frisian languages.

negative: Wieringen Wieringen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋiːrɪŋə(n)]) is part of the new municipality of Hollands Kroon, established in 2012 in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. It is a former municipality in this province, with its name appearing in Roman records of the late 9th and early 10th century.


query: movies starring erykah badu

positive: Before the Music Dies Before the Music Dies (B4MD) is a 2006 U.S. documentary film that criticizes the American music industry and the increasing commercialization of the art of music over the past thirty years. The film features interviews and performances from such musicians and groups as Doyle Bramhall II, Erykah Badu, Eric Clapton, Dave Matthews, Branford Marsalis, Elvis Costello, Bonnie Raitt  and My Morning Jacket.

positive: Erykah Badu Erykah Abi Wright (born Erica Abi Wright; February 26, 1971), better known by her stage name Erykah Badu (/ˈɛrɨkə bɑːˈduː/), is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, activist, and actress. Badu's career began after opening a show for D'Angelo in 1994 in her hometown; record label executive Kedar Massenburg was highly impressed with her performance and signed her to Kedar Entertainment. Her first album, Baduizm, was released on February 11, 1997.

positive: Erykah Badu discography Discography of singer Erykah Badu. Erykah Badu is an American recording artist and actress. Badu's career began after opening a show for D'Angelo in 1994 in her hometown; record label executive Kedar Massenburg was highly impressed with her performance and signed her to Kedar Entertainment.  Her first album, Baduizm, was released on February 11, 1997. It spawned three singles: "On & On", "Next Lifetime" and "Otherside of the Game".

positive: You Got Me (The Roots song) "You Got Me" is a song by the hip hop band The Roots, featuring vocals by Erykah Badu (who sings the chorus) and Eve, then known as Eve of Destruction, who raps the second verse but does not appear in the music video. The track was released as a single from the band's fourth studio album, Things Fall Apart (1999)."You Got Me" was co-written by musician Jill Scott, who recorded vocals for the song's chorus and bridge.

negative: Appletree (song) "Appletree" is the third and final single from American neo soul singer Erykah Badu's album Baduizm. The song was released as a U.S. radio promo and as an official single in Europe.

negative: Back in the Day (Puff) "Back in the Day (Puff)" is a song released in 2003 by R&B singer Erykah Badu. It is the second single in support of Worldwide Underground album. The song peaked at no. 62 on the R&B Singles chart in 2004.

negative: Baduizm Baduizm is the debut album by American R&B and neo soul singer Erykah Badu, released on February 11, 1997 by Kedar Records. After leaving university in order to concentrate on music full-time, Badu then began touring with her cousin, Robert "Free" Bradford, where she recorded a 19-song demo, Country Cousins, which attracted the attention of Kedar Massenburg. He set Badu up to record a duet with D'Angelo, "Your Precious Love," and eventually signed her to a record deal with Universal Records.

negative: Bag Lady "Bag Lady" is the first single from singer Erykah Badu's 2000 album Mama's Gun. The song is about a woman who is trying to begin a new relationship but has too much emotional "baggage" and can't get close to people. The message of the song is to "pack light" and have hope for the future.

negative: Blues Brothers 2000 Blues Brothers 2000 is a 1998 American musical comedy film that is a sequel to 1980's The Blues Brothers, written and produced by John Landis and Dan Aykroyd. Directed by Landis, the film stars Aykroyd and John Goodman, with cameos by many musicians.

negative: Cleva "Cleva" is the third and final single from American singer Erykah Badu's second studio album, Mama's Gun (2000). It was produced by Badu, J Dilla, and James Poyser, a member of the Soulquarians and Badu's own production team Frequency. The song peaked at number seventy-seven on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.  It includes Roy Ayers on vibraphone.

negative: Danger (Erykah Badu song) "Danger" is a song by R&B singer Erykah Badu released in 2003. It is the lead single from her album Worldwide Underground. The song was a modest R&B hit, and is performed often during Badu's live shows.  The song samples from, and is an effective sequel to, Badu's 1997 single "Otherside of the Game," set further along in the couple's relationship, after the woman's boyfriend has been arrested.

negative: Dave Chappelle's Block Party Dave Chappelle's Block Party, also known as Block Party, is a 2005 documentary film hosted and written by comedian Dave Chappelle, and directed by Michel Gondry. Its format is inspired by the documentary Wattstax.The film and its soundtrack are dedicated to the memory of music producer J Dilla who died from lupus one month before the film's release. The film was officially released at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival.

negative: Frustrated Artist Tour The Frustrated Artist Tour is a club and theater tour by American R&B singer Erykah Badu. During the summer of 2002, Badu at the time was getting writers block from penning songs for her soon to be album Worldwide Underground. Hoping to find inspiration, she set out on a 2-month trek of mainly theaters and small clubs, with additional dates added through the summer til December.

negative: High School High High School High is a 1996 comedy film about an inner city high school in the Los Angeles, California area, starring Jon Lovitz, Tia Carrere, Mekhi Phifer, Louise Fletcher, Malinda Williams, and Brian Hooks. It is a spoof of movies concerning idealistic teachers being confronted with a class of cynical teenagers, disengaged by conventional schooling, and loosely parodies The Principal, Dangerous Minds, Lean on Me, The Substitute, and Stand and Deliver.

negative: Honey (Erykah Badu song) "Honey" is a song by Erykah Badu, released on December 11, 2007, as the lead single from her 2008 album New Amerykah Part One (4th World War). The song was produced by 9th Wonder and samples singer Nancy Wilson's 1978 song "I'm in Love".

negative: House of D House of D is 2004 coming-of-age comedy-drama film directed by David Duchovny as his directorial debut in film. The film stars Duchovny, Anton Yelchin, Téa Leoni, Erykah Badu, Frank Langella, Zelda Williams, and Robin Williams. It was screened at the 2004 Tribeca Film Festival.

negative: ICON: The Best of Erykah Badu ICON: The Best of Erykah Badu is a compilation album by American R&B artist Erykah Badu, released in August 2010 under Universal Motown. It's the first compilation of Badu's hit songs throughout her music career. The collection consists of 12 hit songs, as "On & On", "Love of My Life", You Got Me with The Roots, "Tyrone" and "Bag Lady".

negative: James Poyser James Poyser (born 30 January 1967, in Sheffield, England) is a songwriter, musician, producer and a member of hip hop band, The Roots.Poyser has written and produced songs for various legendary and award-winning artists including Erykah Badu, Mariah Carey, John Legend, Lauryn Hill, Common, Anthony Hamilton, D'Angelo, The Roots,  and Keyshia Cole.During his career, Poyser has toured, and played live with such distinctive artists as Jay-Z, The Roots, Erykah Badu, and Aretha Franklin.

negative: Kedar Records Kedar Records is part of Universal Records.

negative: Live (Erykah Badu album) Live is a live concert album by American singer Erykah Badu, released in 1997 (see 1997 in music). Released in the fall of 1997, with her debut album Baduizm released earlier that year, Live quickly went double platinum with the radio hit \Tyrone\"."

negative: Love of My Life (An Ode to Hip-Hop) "Love of My Life (An Ode to Hip-Hop)" is the title of a 2002 single by singer Erykah Badu and rapper Common. It spent four weeks at number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart, and reached number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song also won a Soul Train Lady of Soul Award for Best Solo R&B/Soul Single. It additionally won a Grammy for best R&B song in 2003.The song was featured in the 2002 film Brown Sugar and is found on the film's soundtrack.

negative: Mama's Gun Mama's Gun is the second studio album by American recording artist Erykah Badu, released November 21, 2000, on Motown Records. Recording sessions for the album took place from 1999 to 2000 at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. A neo soul album, Mama's Gun incorporates funk, soul, and jazz styles. It has confessional lyrics by Badu, which cover themes of insecurity, social issues and personal relationships.

negative: New Amerykah Part One (4th World War) New Amerykah Part One (4th World War) is the fourth studio album by American recording artist Erykah Badu, released on February 26, 2008, by Universal Motown. It follows her 2003 album Worldwide Underground and a hiatus from recording music.

negative: New Amerykah Part Two (Return of the Ankh) New Amerykah Part Two (Return of the Ankh) is the 5th studio album by American recording artist Erykah Badu, first released on March 30, 2010, through Universal Motown. It follows her 2003 album Worldwide Underground and a hiatus from recording music. Communicating with several hip hop producers over the Internet, Badu conceived seventy five songs set to be split over three albums with New Amerykah Part One (4th World War) (2008) being the first.

negative: Next Lifetime "Next Lifetime" is a song by Erykah Badu. It is the second single from her début album Baduizm (1997). It was written by Badu and A. Scott. It is a low-tempo ballad with lyrics that describe being in a relationship but longing for another man. At the start of the song, Badu is heard talking to a man about how they can't be together even though they both have feelings for one another.

negative: On & On (Erykah Badu song) "On & On" is the debut single of Neo-Soul singer Erykah Badu, from her 1997 debut album Baduizm. The song won Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 1998 Grammy Awards.The hit song spent two weeks at number-one on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and went to #12 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.  It was also the first neo soul song to hit number-one on the R&B chart.

negative: Otherside of the Game "Otherside of the Game" is a song by American R&B singer Erykah Badu. It is the third single from her 1997 album Baduizm. The song effectively showcases Badu's debt to jazz as well as soul. It is a ballad with lyrics that tells the story of a conflicted woman in a troubled relationship. She is expecting a baby with her husband, so she feels she must stand by him despite his apparently illegal activities.

negative: Soldier (Erykah Badu song) "Soldier" is a song by Erykah Badu released as the second single from her fifth album, New Amerykah Part One (4th World War). The song was produced by Karriem Riggins. This was strictly a promotional single and did not have a commercial single release or music video. It uses a sample from the Dutch band Solution's album - Divergence."Soldier" was chosen in a poll when Badu asked Okayplayer users what should be the next single from New Amerykah.

negative: Southern Gul "Southern Gul" is a song released in 1999 by R&B/neo soul singer Erykah Badu. It was followed by the single Tyrone, and is not featured on her debut or Live albums. Produced by Rahzel, a former member of The Roots, the song peaked at No. 24 on the US Hot R&B Singles & Tracks chart.

negative: Sugar Water Festival The Sugar Water Festival was a music festival founded by American recording artists Erykah Badu, Queen Latifah and Jill Scott. The trek played to amphitheaters and arenas in the United States during the summer of 2005 and 2006. It began in 2005 as an event to bring awareness to health issues to African-American women. British duo Floetry opened shows during the 2005 run. The festival was relaunched briefly in 2006 with Kelis opening the show and comedian Mo'Nique hosting the festival.

negative: Turn Me Away (Get MuNNY) "Turn Me Away (Get MuNNY)" is a song by R&B singer Erykah Badu, also the second single from her album New Amerykah Part Two (Return of the Ankh).  It was produced by Badu and Karriem Riggins, and is a semi-remake of the song "You Can't Turn Me Away", by Sylvia Striplin.  The song also contains lyrics from "Get Money", as performed by Junior Mafia and The Notorious B.I.G..

negative: Tyrone (song) "Tyrone" is a song by singer Erykah Badu. It was released as the lead single in support of her album Live, and does not feature on her debut album Baduizm. The song was recorded professionally during a Badu concert, and is the version sent to radio. The song has been referenced in other media, most notably in the film Next Friday (1999), when Tyrone (Deebo's accomplice/younger sibling) is making a fake call at a restaurant.

negative: Window Seat (song) "Window Seat" is a song by Erykah Badu. It is the lead single from her album New Amerykah Part Two (Return of the Ankh) (2010). It was produced by Badu and James Poyser. The song is low-tempo ballad with lyrics that concern escapism and longing for a lover. The music video for "Window Seat" features Badu walking the streets Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, slowly stripping to the nude, before being shot by an unseen assassin.

negative: Worldwide Underground Worldwide Underground is the third studio album by American R&B and neo soul musician Erykah Badu, released September 16, 2003, on Motown Records. Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003, following Badu's period of writer's block and her performing on the Frustrated Artist Tour. Production was handled primarily by production group Freakquency, which consists of Badu, Rashad Smith, James Poyser, and RC Williams.

negative: Your Precious Love "Your Precious Love" is a popular song that was a 1967 hit for Motown singers Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell. Written by Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson and produced by Harvey Fuqua and Johnny Bristol, the doo-wop styled recording features background vocals by Fuqua, Gaye, Terrell and Bristol, and instrumentals by The Funk Brothers. The song peaked at #5 on Billboard Pop Singles chart, #2 on Billboard's R&B Singles chart, and the top 40 on Billboard's Easy Listening survey.

negative: Jam Tour The Jam Tour is a summer and fall music concert tour in 2009 by American R&B singer Erykah Badu. The tour started on May 24 in Los Angeles, Badu played dates across North America twice and Europe, which ended in Dallas, Texas on October 16. During the North America second leg, Badu was featured as a special guest co-headliner on hip-hop artist Mos Def's Ecstatic Touron select September dates.Prior to the start of tour, Badu performed two shows in April at the New Orleans Jazz Festival.