query: B. F. Skinner

positive: B. F. Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), commonly known as B. F. Skinner, was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.Skinner considered free will an illusion and human action dependent on consequences of previous actions.

positive: Beyond Freedom and Dignity Beyond Freedom and Dignity is a 1971 book by American psychologist B. F. Skinner.

positive: Julie Vargas Julie S. Vargas (born 1938 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an educator who has written extensively on the science of behavior.Vargas is the daughter of B.F. Skinner, and serves as the President of the B. F. Skinner Foundation, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Vargas is an officer of The International Society for Behaviorology.

positive: Operant conditioning chamber An operant conditioning chamber (also known as the Skinner box) is a laboratory apparatus used to study animal behavior. The operant conditioning chamber was created by B. F. Skinner while he was a graduate student at Harvard University (studying for a master's degree in 1930 and a doctorate in 1931). It may have been inspired by Jerzy Konorski's studies.

positive: Rhode Island Philosophical Society The Rhode Island Philosophical Society (RIPS) meets annually in the state of Rhode Island, United States of America. Founded in the 1950s and revived in the 1970s, RIPS is a non-profit organization directed by philosophers, and welcomes anyone with a serious interest in philosophy. RIPS has featured keynote speakers such as B. F. Skinner, Roderick Chisholm, Jaegwon Kim, Paul A. Swift, Yuriko Saito, Don Zeyl, Nomy Arpaly, Galen Johnson, and Mary Louise Gill.

positive: Tact (psychology) Tact is a term that B.F. Skinner used to describe a verbal operant which is controlled by a nonverbal stimulus (such as an object, event, or property of an object) and is maintained by nonspecific social reinforcement (praise).Less technically, a tact is a label.

positive: Verbal Behavior Verbal Behavior is a 1957 book by psychologist B. F. Skinner that inspects human behavior, describing what is traditionally called linguistics. The book Verbal Behavior is almost entirely theoretical, involving little experimental research in the work itself.

negative: 147th New York State Legislature The 147th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 11, 1924, during the second year of Al Smith's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.

negative: 148th New York State Legislature The 148th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to June 26, 1925, during the third year of Al Smith's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.

negative: 150th New York State Legislature The 150th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 5 to March 25, 1927, during the fifth year of Al Smith's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.

negative: 151st New York State Legislature The 151st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to March 22, 1928, during the sixth year of Al Smith's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.

negative: 2013 Varsity Shield The 2013 Varsity Shield was contested from 28 January to 1 April 2013. The tournament (also known as the FNB Varsity Shield presented by Steinhoff International for sponsorship reasons) was the third season of the Varsity Shield, an annual second-tier inter-university rugby union competition featuring five South African universities.The tournament was won by  CUT Ixias for the second time; they beat  UWC 29–19 in the final played on 1 April 2013.

negative: 48th United States Congress The Forty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1883 to March 4, 1885, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President Chester A. Arthur.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880.

negative: Aeolian-Skinner Æolian-Skinner Organ Company, Inc. — Æolian-Skinner of Boston, Massachusetts was an important American builder of a large number of notable pipe organs from its inception as the Skinner Organ Company in 1901 until its closure in 1972. Key figures were Ernest M. Skinner (1866–1960), Arthur Hudson Marks (1875–1939), Joseph Silver Whiteford (1921-1978), and G. Donald Harrison (1889–1956).

negative: Alan Skinner (cricketer) Alan Frank Skinner (22 April 1913 – 28 February 1982) was an English cricketer who played for first class cricket for Derbyshire,  Cambridge University  and Northamptonshire between 1931 and 1949.Skinner was born at Brighton, Sussex, and educated at The Leys School and Cambridge University. He was captain of his school XI and played once for Derbyshire in the 1931 season. He scored 4 as an opening batsman in a match that was abandoned after one day.

negative: Autoclitic Autoclitics are verbal responses that modify the effect on the listener of the primary operants that comprise B.F. Skinner's classification of Verbal Behavior.

negative: B. F. Gribble B. F. (Bernard Finegan) Gribble RBC SMA  (10 May 1872 - 21 February 1962) was a prolific British marine artist and illustrator.

negative: B. F. Reed Benjamin Franklin Reed or B. F. Reed, as he was commonly known, was a captain in the Illinois Volunteers (Co. D, 21 Reg) in the American Civil War.  He raised his own company and then led these volunteers for two years in Mississippi (where he met Ulysses Grant), Tennessee, and Georgia.   Prior to the war he was a speculator in farmland in central Illinois, near the town of Tuscola, and while away with the army he corresponded with his real estate partner, Charles Welliver.

negative: Back to Freedom and Dignity Back to Freedom and Dignity is a philosophic work by American theologian and apologist Francis A. Schaeffer, Downers Grove:InterVarsity Press, first published in 1972. It is Book Four in Volume One of The Complete Works of Francis A. Schaeffer A Christian Worldview. Westchester, IL:Crossway Books, 1982.

negative: Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is a pathogenic chytrid fungus that infects salamanders and newts and emerged only recently as a potentially important threat to species in Europe and North America.It was described in 2013 based on a strain collected from skin tissue of fire salamanders. The pathogen, unidentified up to then, had devastated fire salamander populations in the Netherlands. Molecular phylogenetics confirmed it as related to the well known chytrid B. dendrobatidis.

negative: Beauty Is Only Skin Deep "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep" is a 1964 song, that became a 1966 hit single recorded by The Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label. Written by Norman Whitfield and Edward Holland, Jr., and produced by Whitfield, the song was a number three pop hit and a number one R&B hit in the United States.The song's theme is inner beauty, and its value over physical appearance.

negative: Brown Skin "Brown Skin" is the second single released by American soul and R&B singer-songwriter India.Arie from her debut studio album Acoustic Soul on September 18, 2001.

negative: Carlton Skinner Carlton Skinner (April 8, 1913 – June 22, 2004) was the first civilian governor of Guam and a prominent advocate for the integration of the United States Armed Forces. President Harry Truman appointed Skinner governor in 1949, after the United States Navy ceded control of the island to the Department of the Interior.

negative: Carneau The Carneau is a breed of pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding primarily as a utility breed. Carneau, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).The breed is known for large size and suitability for squab production. White Carneau pigeons are extensively used in experiments on operant conditioning; most of the pigeons used in B. F. Skinner's original work on schedules of reinforcement were White Carneaux.

negative: Charles Ferster Charles Bohris Ferster (1922–1981) was an American behavioral psychologist.

negative: Dark skin Dark skin is a naturally occurring human skin color rich in eumelanin pigments and having a dark colour.

negative: David E. Skinner II David E. "Ned" Skinner II (1920-August 7, 1988) was a shipping heir and philanthropist in Seattle, Washington who was one of the first owners of the Space Needle and Seattle Seahawks.He was born in Seattle and attended Lakeside School.  He was the grandson of David E. Skinner  (1867-1933) who owned the Skinner & Eddy shipyard, the Pacific Steamship Co., and the Port Blakely Mill. Skinner graduated Dartmouth College in 1942 and served aboard a destroyer during World War II.

negative: Eddie Skinner Frank "Eddie" Skinner (August 19, 1908 – May 1987) was an American stock car racing racing driver. He competed in the NASCAR Grand National Series (now Sprint Cup Series) during the 1950s.

negative: Elliott Skinner Elliott Percival Skinner (June 20, 1924 – April 1, 2007) was an American anthropologist and United States Ambassador to Republic of Upper Volta.Born in Port of Spain, Trinidad, Skinner came to the United States in 1943. He enlisted in the United States Army in 1944 and fought in World War II, which later allowed him to obtain citizenship. Skinner earned a bachelor's degree from New York University in 1951.

negative: Enfield London Borough Council election, 1964 The 1964 Enfield Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Enfield London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained control of the council.

negative: Ernest M. Skinner Ernest Martin Skinner (born 1866 in Clarion, Pennsylvania – November 26/27, 1960) was one of the most successful American pipe organ builders of the early 20th century. His electro-pneumatic switching systems advanced the technology of organ building in the first part of the 20th century.

negative: Eugene Skinner Eugene Franklin Skinner (September 13, 1809 – December 15, 1864) was an early American settler in Oregon and founder of the city of Eugene, Oregon, which is named for him.Skinner was born in Essex, New York. His father was Major John Joseph Skinner and his brother was St John Skinner, assistant postmaster under President Andrew Johnson. His mother died while Skinner was young. At age 14, Skinner moved with his family to Green County, Wisconsin.

negative: Experimental analysis of behavior The experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) is the name given to the school of psychology founded on B. F. Skinner’s philosophy of radical behaviorism. A central principle was the inductive, data-driven examination of functional relations, as opposed to the kinds of hypothetico-deductive learning theory that had grown up in the comparative psychology of the 1920–1950 period.

negative: Fitzpatrick scale The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color. It was developed in 1975 by Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, a Harvard dermatologist, as a way to classify the typical response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. Later, it was updated to also contain a wider range of skin types.

negative: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon The General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) F-16 Fighting Falcon is a single-engine multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF). Designed as an air superiority day fighter, it evolved into a successful all-weather multirole aircraft. Over 4,500 aircraft have been built since production was approved in 1976. Although no longer being purchased by the U.S. Air Force, improved versions are still being built for export customers.

negative: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants A large number of General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants have been produced by General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, and various licensed manufacturers. The details of the F-16 variants, along with major modification programs and derivative designs significantly influenced by the F-16, are described below.

negative: George Skinner George Edward Henry Skinner (b.26 June 1917 in Belvedere–d.30 September 2002 in Eastbourne) was an English professional footballer who played for Tottenham Hotspur, Northfleet United, Gillingham, Brighton & Hove Albion and Hastings United.

negative: Hank Skinner Henry Watkins "Hank" Skinner (born April 4, 1962) is a death row inmate in Texas. In 1995, he was convicted of bludgeoning to death his live-in girlfriend, Twila Busby, and stabbing to death her two adult sons, Randy Busby and Elwin Caler. On March 24, 2010, only twenty minutes before his scheduled execution (second execution date), the U.S.

negative: Herbert Wakefield Banks Skinner Herbert Wakefield Banks Skinner (7 October 1900 – 20 January 1960) was a British physicist.He was born in Ealing, London the only son of George Herbert, a director of the shoemaking firm of Lilley and Skinner, and Mabel Elisabeth Skinner. He was educated at Durston House School in Ealing and Rugby School. In 1919 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, gaining his B.Sc in 1922. He then did research there at the Cavendish Laboratory for five years, and was awarded a Ph.D.

negative: Human skin color Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest pinkish-white hues. Human skin pigmentation is the result of natural selection. Skin pigmentation in human beings evolved primarily to regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin, controlling its biochemical effects.The actual skin color of different humans is affected by many substances, although the single most important substance is the pigment melanin.

negative: James Skinner (East India Company officer) Colonel James Skinner CB (1778 – 4 December 1841) was an Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India, who became known as Sikandar Sahib later in life, and is most known for two cavalry regiments he raised for the British, later known as 1st Skinner's Horse and 3rd Skinner's Horse (formerly 2nd Skinner's Horse) at Hansi in 1803, which still are a part of the Indian Army He was a fluent writer in Persian, the court and intellectual language of India in his day, and wrote several books in Persian, including "Kitab-i tasrih al-aqvam" (History of the Origin and Distinguishing Marks of the Different Castes of India), now with the Library of Congress.

negative:
Jimmy Skinner James Donald "Jimmy" Skinner (January 12, 1917 – July 11, 2007) was the Head Coach, Chief Scout and Farm Director, Director of Player Personnel, Director of Hockey Operations, Assistant General Manager, and General Manager for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League.He is credited with starting the tradition of kissing the Stanley Cup.Born in Selkirk, Manitoba, Skinner won the 1955 Stanley Cup as coach as well as the Prince of Wales Trophy twice (54/55 & 56/57) (regular season champions) before an illness forced him to give up his coaching duties. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Skinner?oldid=667208737> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Maeba_Yoshitsugu> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> Maeba Yoshitsugu (前波 吉継, 1541 - February 11, 1574) was a retainer beneath the clan of Asakura throughout the late Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. He was also known as Katsurada Nagatoshi (桂田 長俊).

negative: Kenneth MacCorquodale Kenneth MacCorquodale was an American psychologist who played a major role in developing scientifically validated operant conditioning methods. He was a student of B. F. Skinner at the University of Minnesota and became prominent in his field.

negative: Lauren Slater Lauren Slater (born March 21, 1963) is an American psychologist and writer. She is the author of seven books, including Welcome To My Country (1996), Prozac Diary (1998), and Lying: A Metaphorical Memoir (2000). Her 2004 Opening Skinner's Box: Great Psychology Experiments of the Twentieth Century, a description of psychology experiments "narrated as stories,"  has drawn both praise and criticism.

negative: Light skin Light skin is a naturally occurring human skin color which has little eumelanin pigmentation and which has been adapted to environments of low UV radiation. Light skin is most commonly found amongst people of Europe and East Asia.

negative: List of Air Ministry specifications This is a partial list of the British Air Ministry (AM) specifications for aircraft. A specification stemmed from an Operational Requirement, abbreviated "OR", describing what the aircraft would be used for. This in turn led to the specification itself, e.g. a two-engined fighter with 4 machine guns. So for example, OR.40 for a heavy bomber led to Specification B.12/36.

negative: List of County-Designated Highways in Michigan The County-Designated Highways in Michigan comprise a system of primary county roads across  the US state of Michigan. Unlike the State Trunkline Highway System, there is a zone arrangement to the numbering of these highways. The CDH system was created in 1970 in response to the business concerns of a woman from Saugatuck.

negative: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 48th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 48th United States Congress listed by seniority.As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 48th Congress (March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885).

negative: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 54th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 54th United States Congress listed by seniority.As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 54th Congress (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897).

negative: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 55th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 55th United States Congress listed by seniority.As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 55th Congress (March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899).

negative: List of Skins characters This article is a list of fictional characters who are featured in British teen drama Skins.

negative: List of former members of the United States House of Representatives (S) This is a complete list of former members of the United States House of Representatives whose last names begin with the letter S.

negative: List of literary initials A large number of authors choose to use some form of initials in their name when it appears in their literary work. This includes some of the most famous authors of the 20th century – D. H. Lawrence, J. D. Salinger, T. S. Eliot, J. R. R. Tolkien, etc. – and also a host of lesser-known writers.Well-known initials and their corresponding full names are listed below.

negative: Longeron In aircraft construction, a Longeron, or stringer or stiffener, is a thin strip of material to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened.  In the fuselage, stringers are attached to formers (also called frames) and run in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft. They are primarily responsible for transferring the aerodynamic loads acting on the skin onto the frames and formers.  In the wings or horizontal stabilizer, longerons run spanwise and attach between the ribs.

negative: McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet The McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) F/A-18 Hornet is a twin-engine supersonic, all-weather carrier-capable multirole combat jet, designed as both a fighter and attack aircraft (F/A designation for Fighter/Attack). Designed by McDonnell Douglas and Northrop, the F/A-18 was derived from the latter's YF-17 in the 1970s for use by the United States Navy and Marine Corps. The Hornet is also used by the air forces of several other nations. The U.S.

negative: New York State Assembly The New York State Assembly is the lower house of the New York State Legislature. The Assembly is composed of 150 members representing an equal number of districts, with each district having an average population of 128,652. Assembly members serve two-year terms without term limits.The Assembly convenes at the State Capitol in Albany.

negative: New York State Senate The New York State Senate is one of two houses in the New York State Legislature and has members each elected to two-year terms. There are no limits on the number of terms one may serve. The New York Constitution provides for a varying number of members in the Senate; the current membership is 63, elected from single-member constituencies equal in population.

negative: Norman Guttman Norman Guttman (1920–1984) was an American psychologist who played a major role in developing scientifically validated operant conditioning methods. He was a student of B. F. Skinner at the University of Minnesota and became prominent in his field.

negative: Northrop F-5 The Northrop F-5A/B Freedom Fighter and the F-5E/F Tiger II are part of a supersonic light fighter family, initially designed in the late 1950s by Northrop Corporation. Being smaller and simpler than contemporaries such as the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, the F-5 cost less to both procure and operate, making it a popular export aircraft.  The F-5 started life as a privately funded light fighter program by Northrop in the 1950s.

negative: Ogden Lindsley Ogden R. Lindsley (August 11, 1922, in Providence, Rhode Island – October 10, 2004) was an American psychologist. He is best known for developing Precision Teaching and Celeration Charting.In 1948, he obtained an A.B. in Psychology from Brown University and two years later in 1950 a Sc.M. in Experimental Psychology. At Harvard University he studied Psychology under B. F. Skinner, earning his Ph.D.

negative: Olive skin Olive skin is a human skin color spectrum. It is often associated with pigmentation in the Type IV to Type V range of the Fitzpatrick scale.Type IV coloration is frequent among populations from the Mediterranean  and parts of Latin America. It corresponds with moderate brown, typical Mediterranean skin tones.

negative: Opening Skinner's Box Opening Skinner's Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century (W. W. Norton & Company, 2004, ISBN 0393050955), is a book by Lauren Slater.In this book, Slater sets out to describe some of the psychological experiments of the twentieth century.  Controversially, the author also describes the urban legend that B.F. Skinner raised his child in a Skinner box in a way which many perceived as being poorly researched and lending credit to a false claim.

negative: Precision teaching Precision teaching is a precise and systematic method of evaluating instructional tactics and curricula.  It is one of the few quantitative analyses of behavior forms of applied behavior analysis.  It comes from a very strong quantitative scientific basis and was pioneered by Ogden Lindsley in the 1960s based largely on Skinner's operant conditioning. Precision teaching is a type of programmed instruction that focuses heavily on frequency as its main datum.

negative: Principal Skinner Principal Seymour Skinner (alternatively Armin Tamzarian) is a fictional character in the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, who is voiced by Harry Shearer.

negative: Radical behaviorism Radical behaviorism, or the conceptual analysis of behavior, was pioneered by B. F. Skinner and is his "philosophy of the science of behavior." It refers to the school of psychology known as behavior analysis, and is distinguished from methodological behaviorism—which has an intense emphasis on observable behaviors—by its inclusion of thoughts, emotions, and other internal mental activity in the analysis and theorizing of human and animal psychology.

negative: Rate of reinforcement In behaviorism, rate of reinforcement is number of reinforcements per time, usually per minute. Symbol of this rate is usually Rf. Its first major exponent was B.F. Skinner (1939). It is used in the Matching Law.Rf = # of reinforcements/unit of time = SR+/t

negative: Rate of response Rate  of response is a ratio between two measurements with different units. Rate of responding is the number of responses per minute, or some other time unit. It is usually written as R. Its first major exponent was B.F. Skinner (1939). It is used in the Matching Law.R = # of Responses/Unit of time = B/t

negative: Sherrod E. Skinner, Jr. Sherrod Emerson Skinner, Jr. (October 28, 1929 – October 26, 1952) was a United States Marine Corps officer who sacrificed his life in defense of his outpost and fellow Marines on "The Hook" in Korea. For his actions on October 26, 1952, 1stLt Skinner was posthumously awarded the United States of America's highest military honor — the Medal of Honor.

negative: Skin Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates. Other animal coverings such as the arthropod exoskeleton have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means "of the skin" (from Latin cutis, skin). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs.

negative: Skin (aeronautics) More about the skin of aircraft covered in its wings and fuselage.

negative: Skin Deep (Solé album) Skin Deep is the debut album released by rapper, Solé.

negative: Skin allergy test Skin allergy testing is a method for medical diagnosis of allergies that attempts to provoke a small, controlled, allergic response.

negative: Skin flora The skin flora, more properly referred to as the skin microbiota, are the microorganisms which reside on the skin. Most research has been upon those that reside upon the 2 square metres of human skin, cf. the human microbiome. The skin microbiome refer to their genomes.Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon human skin from 19  phyla. The total number of bacteria on an average human has been estimated at 1012 (1 trillion).

negative: Skin grafting Skin grafting is a type of graft surgery involving the transplantation of skin. The transplanted tissue is called a skin graft.Skin grafting is often used to treat:Extensive wounding or traumaBurnsAreas of  extensive skin loss due to infection such as necrotizing fasciitis or purpura fulminansSpecific surgeries that may require skin grafts for healing to occur - most commonly removal of skin cancersSkin grafts are often employed after serious injuries when some of the body's skin is damaged.

negative: Skin on Skin (album) Skin On Skin is the second album by Canadian singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress Vanity, released in May 1986 on Motown Records. This out of print recording was originally released on LP (6167ML) and cassette (6167MC) through Motown Records and distributed in Europe by RCA/Ariola-Ariola/RCA. The album features the R&B hit singles "Under the Influence" and "Animals".

negative: Skin to Skin Skin To Skin is a pop song recorded by Australian recording artist Melissa Tkautz. The song was recorded in 1992, and was the first release by Melissa after leaving the Australian soap opera, E Street. The song was written by R. Nicholson, T. King, and L. Berger.The B-side, "Take It From Me", was written by L. Berger, D. McDonald and Melissa.

negative: Skin whitening Skin whitening, skin lightening, and skin bleaching refer to the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten skin tone or provide an even skin complexion by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have questionable safety profiles, adding to the controversy surrounding their use and impacts on certain ethnic groups.

negative: Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives The Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives is the Speaker  or presiding officer of the Vermont House of Representatives, the lower house of the Vermont Legislature.Vermont was admitted to the Union in 1791 as the fourteenth state.  Its House of Representatives dates from 1778, when the Vermont Republic was created.Vermont had a unicameral legislature until 1836, when the Governor's Council was abolished and the Vermont Senate created.

negative: Susan Meyer Markle Susan Meyer Markle (1928–2008) was an American psychologist. She worked with B. F. Skinner on programmed instruction.

negative: Susquehanna Depot, Pennsylvania Susquehanna Depot, often referred to simply as Susquehanna, is a borough in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, located on the Susquehanna River 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Binghamton, New York. In the past, railroad locomotives and railroad cars were made here. It is also known for its Pennsylvania Bluestone quarries.The behavioral scientist B. F. Skinner was born in Susquehanna.The borough population was 1,643 as of the 2010 census.

negative: TSN Skins Game The TSN Curling Skins Game is an annual curling bonspiel hosted by The Sports Network. "Skins" curling had been developed as a way to make curling more interesting on TV during the time before the free guard zone rule was implemented. The bonspiel was held annually from 1986 to 2003 before being revived as the Casino Rama Curling Skins Game in 2007.

negative: Teaching machine Teaching machines were originally mechanical devices. They presented educational materials and taught students. They were first invented by Sidney L. Pressey in the mid-1920s. His machine originally administered multiple-choice questions. The machine could be set so it moved on only when the student got the right answer. Tests showed that learning had taken place. This was an example of how knowledge of results causes learning. Much later, Norman Crowder developed the Pressey idea further.B.F.

negative: The Behavior of Organisms The Behavior of Organisms is B.F. Skinner's first book and was published in May 1938 as a volume of the Century Psychology Series. It set out the parameters for the discipline that would come to be called the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) and Behavior Analysis. This book was reviewed in 1939 by Ernest R. Hilgard. Skinner looks at science behaviour and how the analysis of behaviour produces data which can be studied, rather than acquiring data through a conceptual or neural  process.

negative: The Skin Game (1921 film) The Skin Game (Dutch: Hard tegen hard) is a 1921 British-Dutch silent drama film directed by B. E. Doxat-Pratt.

negative: Thomas Gilbert (engineer) Thomas F. Gilbert (1927–1995) was a psychologist who is often known as the founder of the field of performance technology, also known as Human Performance Technology (HPT).  Gilbert himself coined and used the term Performance Engineering. Gilbert applied his understanding of behavioral psychology to improve human performance at work and at school.  He is best known for his book Human Competence: Engineering Worthy Performance.

negative: Thomas Gregory Skinner Thomas Gregory Skinner (January 22, 1842 – December 22, 1907(1907-12-22) (aged 65)) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina, brother of Harry Skinner.

negative: Ultraviolet Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 400 nm to 100 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays. Though usually invisible, under some conditions children and young adults can see ultraviolet down to wavelengths of about 310 nm, and people with aphakia (missing lens) can also see some UV wavelengths.

negative: Walden 7 The Walden 7 is an apartment building designed by Ricardo Bofill's team and located in the town of Sant Just Desvern, close to Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. The original project includes 446 residences. The name of the building is inspired by B. F. Skinner's science-fiction novel, Walden Two, which depicts a utopian community.With a budget lower than the norm for subsidized housing at the time, Walden 7 was built in the area to the west of Barcelona.

negative: Walden Two Walden Two is a utopian novel written by behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner, first published in 1948.  In its time, it could have been considered science fiction, since science-based methods for altering people's behavior did not yet exist.

negative: Walter Skinner FBI Assistant Director Walter Sergei Skinner is a fictional character in the Fox science fiction-supernatural television shows The X-Files and The Lone Gunmen. Skinner supervised the X-Files office, which is concerned with cases with particularly mysterious or possibly supernatural circumstances that were left unsolved and shelved by the FBI. Fox Mulder, the FBI agent in charge of the X-Files, considers the X-Files the truth behind the supposed conspiracy.

negative: William W. Skinner William Woolford Skinner (March 28, 1874 – March 10, 1953) was an American chemist, conservationist, and college football coach. He served as the head coach at the Maryland Agricultural College (now University of Maryland) and University of Arizona.

negative: Worshipful Company of Skinners The Worshipful Company of Skinners (known as The Skinners' Company) is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. It was originally an association of those engaged in the trade of skins and furs. Madeline Claire was the president of the Skinner organization.


query: famous computer scientists disappeared at sea

positive: Jim Gray (computer scientist) James Nicholas "Jim" Gray (born January 12, 1944; lost at sea January 28, 2007; declared deceased May 16, 2012) was an American computer scientist who received the Turing Award  in 1998 "for seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation."

negative: 9 North 9 North, or Nine North, is a region of hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise in the Pacific Ocean, 900 kilometers off the coast of Acapulco, Mexico; it has been so named by scientists because its latitude is 9°50' N. It was first seen to erupt in 1991 by the deep submersible Alvin during a survey for the Ocean Drilling Program. In November 1999, scientists, students, education specialists, and film crews returned to 9 North to see how the biology and landscape had changed over time.

negative: Academic genealogy of computer scientists The following is an academic genealogy of computer scientists and is constructed by following the pedigree of thesis advisors.

negative: Adele Goldberg (computer scientist) Adele Goldberg (born July 7, 1945) is a computer scientist who participated in the development of the programming language Smalltalk-80 and various concepts related to object-oriented programming while a researcher at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, PARC, in the 1970s.Goldberg was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and grew up in Chicago, Illinois.

negative: Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Advanced Gravis Computer Technology, Ltd. was a manufacturer of computer peripherals and hardware. The company was founded in 1982 in British Columbia, Canada.Their most famous products were the Gravis PC GamePad, at one time one of the most popular gaming controllers for the PC, the once-ubiquitous Gravis Joystick (black with red buttons), and the Gravis Ultrasound add-on card, competitor to the Sound Blaster.

negative: Aimée Leduc Aimée Leduc is a fictional character who first appeared in print in 1998.  She is the creation of author Cara Black.  She is a Paris-based, modern, female, private investigator.  The bestselling mystery series is called Aimée Leduc Investigations.Aimée Leduc is French, born to an American mother and a French police investigator. Her mother disappeared when she is 8 years old and she is raised by her father, who removes all reminder of her mother's existence. She lives in Paris during the 1990s.

negative: Albert Lindsey Zobrist Albert Lindsey Zobrist  (born February 27, 1942) is an American computer scientist, games researcher, and inventor of the famous Zobrist Hashing, which was published in 1970. He is further author of the first Go program in 1968 as part of his PhD Thesis on pattern recognition at the Computer Science Department of the University of Wisconsin.

negative: Alexander Kuchin Alexander Stepanovich Kuchin (Russian: Александр Степанович Кучин) (1888 in Onega – 1913? in an unknown place in the Kara Sea) was a young Russian oceanographer and Arctic explorer.Hailing from a humble background, Alexander Kuchin became a seaman in a Norwegian ship already when he was seventeen.

negative: Alick Glennie Alick Edwards Glennie (1925–2003) was a British computer scientist, most famous for having developed Autocode, which many people regard as the first ever computer compiler. Glennie worked with Alan Turing on several projects, including the Manchester Mark 1. He also played the first ever game of computer chess, although it was played against a program not capable of being run on the computers of the day: the chess program was devised by Alan Turing, and operated with pen and paper by Turing.

negative: Anil K. Jain (computer scientist, born 1948) Anil K. Jain (born 1948) is an Indian-American computer scientist and University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Michigan State University, known for his contributions in the fields of pattern recognition, computer vision and biometric recognition. Based on his Google Scholar profile, he has an h-index of 150, which is the second highest (after Herbert A.

negative: Avrim Blum Avrim Blum (born 27 May 1966) is a prominent computer scientist.  In 2007, he was made a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to learning theory and algorithms." Blum attended MIT, where he received his Ph.D. in 1991 under professor Ron Rivest.

negative: Barbara E. Moo Barbara E. Moo is an American Computer Scientist known for co-authoring several books on C++, working on an early product written in C++, and directing AT&T's WorldNet AT&T's Internet services business.

negative: Bashir Rameyev Bashir Iskandarovich Rameyev (Russian: Баши́р Исканда́рович Раме́ев; 1 May 1918 – 16 May 1994) was a Soviet inventor and scientist, one of the founders of Soviet computing, author of 23 patents, including the first officially registered in the USSR patent in the field of electronic computers—a patent for the Automatic Electronic Digital Machine (1948).

negative: Bishop-fish The sea bishop or bishop-fish was a type of sea monster reported in the 16th century. According to legend, it was taken to the King of Poland, who wished to keep it. It was also shown to a group of Catholic bishops, to whom the bishop-fish gestured, appealing to be released. They granted its wish, at which point it made the sign of the cross and disappeared into the sea.Another was supposedly captured in the ocean near Germany in 1531. It refused to eat and died after three days.

negative: Butler Lampson Butler W. Lampson (born December 23, 1943) is a computer scientist.After graduating from the Lawrenceville School (where in 2009 he was awarded the Aldo Leopold Award, also known as the Lawrenceville Medal, Lawrenceville's highest award to alumni), Lampson received his Bachelor's degree in Physics from Harvard University in 1964, and his Ph.D.

negative: Clarence Ellis (computer scientist) Clarence "Skip" Ellis was an American computer scientist, and Emeritus Professor of Computer Science and Cognitive Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder. While at the CU-Boulder, he was the director of the Collaboration Technology Research Group and a member of the Institute of Cognitive Science. Ellis was the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. in Computer Science (1969), and the first African-American to be elected a Fellow of the ACM (1997).

negative: Claude Shannon Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electronic engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".Shannon is famous for having founded information theory with a landmark paper that he published in 1948.

negative: Cliff Jones (computer scientist) This page refers to the British computer scientist. For other persons named Cliff Jones, see Cliff Jones (disambiguation).Clifford "Cliff" B. Jones (born 1 June 1944) is a British computer scientist, specializing in research into formal methods. He undertook a late DPhil at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Oxford University Department of Computer Science) under Tony Hoare, awarded in 1981.

negative: Committee on Human Rights of Scientists The Committee on Human Rights of Scientists of the New York Academy of Sciences "was formed in 1978 to pursue the advancement of the basic human rights of scientists throughout the world.

negative: Computer science Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information. An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale.

negative: Computer scientist A computer scientist is a scientist who has acquired knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computer systems, as opposed to the hardware side that computer engineers mainly focus on (although there is overlap).

negative: David Forsyth (computer scientist) David Forsyth is a South African computer scientist and full professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, born in South Africa. He is married to Margaret Fleck, who is also a professor at the University of Illinois, and has three children.He holds a BSc and an MSc in Electrical Engineering from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and an MA andD.Phil from Oxford University. He was a full professor at U.C.

negative: David Hartley (computer scientist) David Fielding Hartley FBCS (born 14 September 1937) is a computer scientist and Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. He was Director of the University of Cambridge Computing Service from 1970–1994, Chief Executive of United Kingdom Joint Academic Network (JANET) 1994–1997, and Executive Director of Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) 1997–2002.

negative: David Turner (computer scientist) David A. Turner (born 1946) is a British computer scientist.He has a D.Phil. from the University of Oxford.

negative: Digerati The digerati (or digiterati) are the elite of the computer industry and online communities.  The word is a portmanteau, derived from "digital" and "literati", and reminiscent of the earlier coinage glitterati (glitter + literati). Famous computer scientists, tech magazine writers and well-known bloggers are included among the digerati.The word is used in several related but different ways.

negative: Disappearance of Genette Tate Genette Louise Tate (5 May 1965 – disappeared 19 August 1978) is an English girl whose disappearance  became a famous missing person case when she went missing at age 13 while delivering newspapers in Aylesbeare, Devon, England.

negative: Disappearing gun A disappearing gun, a gun mounted on a disappearing carriage was a type of artillery used in the past which enabled a gun to hide from direct fire and observation.  In the overwhelming majority of designs, the gun carriage enabled the gun to rotate backwards and down behind a parapet, or into a pit protected by a wall after it was fired; a small number were simply barbette mounts on a retractable platform.

negative: Douglas T. Ross Douglas Taylor "Doug" Ross (21 December 1929 – 31 January 2007) was an American computer scientist pioneer, and Chairman of SofTech, Inc.  He is most famous for originating the term CAD for computer-aided design, and is considered to be the father of Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) a language to drive numerically controlled manufacturing.

negative: Ettore Majorana Ettore Majorana  (Italian: [ˈɛttore majoˈraːna]; born on 5 August 1906 – probably dead after 1959) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses. He disappeared suddenly under mysterious circumstances while going by ship from Palermo to Naples. The Majorana equation and Majorana fermions are named after him.In 2006, the Majorana Prize was established in his memory.

negative: Evi Nemeth Evi Nemeth (born June 7, 1940 – missing-at-sea June or July, 2013) was an engineer, author, and teacher known for her expertise in computer system administration and networks. She was the lead author of the “bibles” of system administration: UNIX System Administration Handbook (1989, 1995, 2000), Linux Administration Handbook (2002, 2006), and UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook (2010).

negative: Francisque Arban Francisque Arban, also known as Francesco Arban di Lione (born 1815 - disappeared 7 October 1849), was a French balloonist.  In 1849, he was the first person to cross the Alps in a balloon, a feat not repeated until 1924.  He disappeared over the Mediterranean Sea in 1849.Arban was born in Lyons, one of the ten children of Simon Arban, artificier.  A younger brother was the cornetist Jean-Baptiste Arban.He made several balloon flights starting in 1832, but mostly in Italy between 1845 and 1849.

negative: Hank Levy (computer scientist) Henry M. Levy "\Hank" Levy) is an American computer scientist. He holds the Wissner-Slivka Chair in Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington (U.W.).Levy's research concerns operating systems, distributed systems, the internet, and computer architecture.  In his early career, Levy worked at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where he was a member of the design and engineering team for the VMS operating system for the VAX computer.

negative: Hao Li Hao Li is a computer scientist and a faculty at the Department of Computer Science at University of Southern California.  He is also the Chief Executive Officer of Grit Enterprises Inc. He was a Visiting Professor at Weta Digital and research lead at Industrial Light & Magic.  He is best known for his contributions to nonrigid shape registration.

negative: Henri Gouraud (computer scientist) Henri Gouraud (born 1944) is a French computer scientist. He is the inventor of Gouraud shading used in computer graphics. He is the great nephew of general Henri Gouraud.During 1964–1967, he studied at École Centrale Paris.  He received his Ph.D.

negative: Hilary Kahn Hilary Kahn (1943 – 2007) was a British computer scientist who spent most of her career as a professor at the University of Manchester, where she worked on computer-aided design and information modeling. Kahn participated in the development of the Manchester MU5 computer. Later she became involved in standards development and was both the chair of the Technical Experts Group and a member of the Steering Committee for the development of the EDIF (Electronic Design Interchange Format) standard.

negative: Ivan Bratko (computer scientist) Ivan Bratko (born June 10, 1946; Ljubljana) is a Slovene computer scientist.Bratko received his Ph.D. in 1978 from the University of Ljubljana. He is a D. Sc. Professor of Computer and Information Science at the Faculty of Computer and Information Science at the University of Ljubljana (Fakulteta za računalništvo in informatiko v Ljubljani). Bratko became an associate member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts on May 27, 1997, and he has been full member since June 12, 2003.

negative: Jim Thompson (designer) James Harrison Wilson "Jim" Thompson, (born 21 March 1906 — disappeared 26 March 1967) was an American businessman who helped revitalise the Thai silk industry in the 1950s and 1960s. At the time of his disappearance he was one of the most famous Americans living in Asia. Time magazine claimed he "almost singlehanded(ly) saved Thailand's vital silk industry from extinction".

negative: Joel Moses Joel Moses (born 1941) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Joel Moses was born in Palestine in 1941 and emigrated to the U.S. in 1954. He attended Midwood High School in Brooklyn, New York. He received his undergraduate degree in Mathematics from Columbia University and a master's degree in Mathematics, also from Columbia.

negative: John Long (computer scientist) John Brian Long (born 3 December 1935) is a British computer scientist and Emeritus Professor of Cognitive Engineering at the University College London, known for his work on "cognitive ergonomics and human-computer interaction."

negative: Leonid Khachiyan Leonid Genrikhovich Khachiyan (Armenian: Լեոնիդ Գենրիխովիչ Խաչիյան; Russian: Леонид Генрихович Хачиян; May 3, 1952 – April 29, 2005) was a Soviet mathematician of Armenian descent who taught Computer Science at Rutgers University. He was most famous for his Ellipsoid algorithm (1979) for linear programming, which was the first such algorithm known to have a polynomial running time.

negative: List of Horizon episodes Horizon is a current and long-running BBC popular science and philosophy documentaryprogramme. Series one was broadcast in 1964 and as of August 2014 is in its 51st series.  Nearly 1200 episodes have been broadcast (including specials) with an average of 24 episodes per series during the 50-year run. 1964–1969 – 135 episodes  1970–1979 – 299 episodes 1980–1989 – 234 episodes 1990–1999 – 220 episodes 2000–2009 – 193 episodes 2010–present – 111 episodes

negative: List of Jewish American computer scientists This is a list of famous Jewish American computer scientists.  For other famous Jewish Americans, see List of Jewish Americans.

negative: List of New Zealand scientists This page is a list of New Zealand scientists with articles on Wikipedia and is necessarily incomplete. Alexander Aitken - mathematician/statistician, writer, mental calculator, musician Sir Brian Barratt-Boyes - heart surgeon Gary Bold - physicist  Paul Callaghan - famous for work in magnetic resonance John G. Cleary - computer scientist Leonard Cockayne - botanist Leslie Comrie - computer pioneer G. H.

negative: List of Russian IT developers This list of Russian IT developers includes the hardware engineers, computer scientists and programmers from the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.See also Category:Russian computer scientists and Category:Russian computer programmers.

negative: List of Slovenian computer scientists This is a list of the best-known Slovenian computer scientists. Vladimir Batagelj (1948–) Andrej Bauer (1971–) Ivan Bratko (1946–) Primož Jakopin Aleksandar Jurišič Ivo Lah (1896–1979) Marko Petkovšek (1955–) Tomaž Pisanski (1949–)  Bogdan Pogorelc Jurij Vega (1754–1802) Egon Zakrajšek (1941–2002)

negative: List of computer scientists This is a list of computer scientists, people who do work in computer science, in particular researchers and authors.Some persons notable as programmers are included here because they work in research as well as program. A few of these people pre-date the invention of the digital computer; they are now regarded as computer scientists because their work can be seen as leading to the invention of the computer.

negative: List of people who disappeared mysteriously This is a list of people who disappeared mysteriously, and whose current whereabouts are unknown or whose deaths are not substantiated, as well as a few cases of people whose disappearances were notable and remained mysterious for a long time, but were eventually explained.

negative: List of programmers This is a list of programmers notable for their contributions to software, either as original author or architect, or for later additions. All entries should already have associated articles.

negative: Lists of people People in these lists may have either unspecified traits, or specific characteristics (e. g. the people of Spain or the people of the Plains). Lists of people include the following non-fictional characters:

negative: Lois Haibt Lois Haibt is an American computer scientist, and is perhaps most famous for being a member of the ten-person team at IBM that developed FORTRAN, the first successful high level programming language.

negative: Lov Grover Lov Kumar Grover (born 1961 in Meerut) is an Indian-American computer scientist. He is the originator of the Grover database search algorithm used in quantum computing.

negative: Manureva The Manureva (originally named Pen Duick IV) was a trimaran famous for having disappeared at sea, skippered by Alain Colas, during the first “Route du Rhum” transatlantic solo race. This race runs 3,510 miles (5,650 km) on a great circle route from Saint-Malo (France) to Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe, France) and takes place every four years, in the month of November.

negative: Martin Newell (computer scientist) Martin Edward Newell is a British-born computer scientist specializing in computer graphics who is perhaps best known as the creator of the Utah teapot computer model.

negative: Matt Welsh (computer scientist) Matthew David "Matt" Welsh is a computer scientist and software engineer at Google.

negative: Melvin Conway Melvin Edward Conway was an early computer scientist, computer programmer, and hacker who coined what's now known as Conway's Law: "Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations."Apart from the above, Conway is perhaps most famous for his seminal paper on coroutines.

negative: Michael Luck (computer scientist) Prof. Michael Luck is a computer scientist based at the Department of Computer Science, King's College London, in central London, England. He leads the Agents and Intelligent Systems (AIS) section.From 1993 to 2000, Michael Luck was based in the Department of Computer Science                  at the University of Warwick. From 2000 to 2006, Luck was a professor in the School of Electronics and Computer Science                  at the University of Southampton.

negative: Michael P. Barnett Michael Peter Barnett (24 March 1929 – 13 March 2012) was a British theoretical chemist and computer scientist. He developed mathematical and computer techniques for quantum chemical problems, and some of the earliest software for several other kinds of computer application.

negative: Michael Spivey John Michael Spivey (commonly known as Mike Spivey) is a British computer scientist at the University of Oxford.Spivey was born in 1960 and educated at Archbishop Holgate's Grammar School in York, England.

negative: Missing person A missing person is a person who has disappeared and whose status as alive or dead cannot be confirmed as his or her location and fate are not known. Laws related to missing persons are often complex since, in many jurisdictions, relatives and third parties may not deal with a person's assets until their death is considered proven by law and a formal death certificate issued.

negative: Mitsunori Miki Mitsunori Miki (三木 光範, Miki Mitsunori, born 1950) is a famous Japanese engineer. He is a professor of engineering department, knowledge engineering course of Doshisha University. Parallel computing, System engineering and Intelligent System Designing are in his line. His laboratory is called Intelligent System Design Laboratory (ISDL). Now he studies System optimization by Parallel Distributed Processing, Genetic Algorithm and computer clustering.

negative: Nadia Magnenat Thalmann Nadia Magnenat Thalmann is a Swiss Canadian computer graphics scientist, Director of the Institute for Media Innovation (IMI) in Singapore at Nanyang Technological University, and founder and head of the MIRALab Research Laboratory at the University of Geneva.

negative: Nikolay Brusentsov Nikolay Petrovich Brusentsov (Russian: Никола́й Петро́вич Брусенцо́в; 7 February 1925 in Kamenskoe, Ukrainian SSR – 4 December 2014) was a Russian computer scientist, most famous for having built a (balanced) ternary computer, Setun, together with Sergei Sobolev in 1958.He died on 4 December 2014.

negative: Paul Larson Paul Larson (Per-Åke Larson) is a computer scientist. He is most famous for inventing the linear hashing algorithm with Witold Litwin. Paul Larson is currently a senior researcher in the Database Group of Microsoft Research. He is frequent chair and committee member of conferences such as VLDB, SIGMOD, and ICDE.In 2004 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.

negative: Paul Tseng Paul Tseng was a Taiwanese-born American and Canadian applied mathematician and a professor at the Department of Mathematics at the University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington. Tseng was recognized by his peers to be one of the leading optimization researchers of his generation.Paul Tseng went missing while kayaking in the Yangtze River in the Yunnan province of China and is presumed dead.

negative: Peter Robinson (computer scientist) Peter Robinson is Professor of Computer Technology at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in England, where he works in the Rainbow Group on computer graphics and interaction. He is also a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College and lives in Cambridge.

negative: Peter Shor Peter Williston Shor (born August 14, 1959) is an American professor of applied mathematics at MIT, most famous for his work on quantum computation, in particular for devising Shor's algorithm, a quantum algorithm for factoring exponentially faster than the best currently-known algorithm running on a classical computer.

negative: Peuce Island Peuce in ancient geography was an island located in the Danube Delta, in Scythia Minor (present-day Tulcea County, Romania). Its name came from the ancient Greek word peuke, 'pine tree'. It was about the size of the island of Rhodes. The island disappeared during the early Middle Ages, when the river changed its course.It was to this island that in the 330s BC the West Thracian Triballian king Syrmus took refuge when pursued by Alexander the Great.

negative: Prostitution in Laos Prostitution in Laos is regarded as a criminal activity and is much less common than it is in neighbouring Thailand. The capital city Vientiane was once famous for its brothels and ping pong show bars during the 1960s and 1970s as a result of the country's involvement in the Vietnam War. However, the brothels have since disappeared and are now prohibited by Lao law. Soliciting for prostitution instead takes place mainly in the city's bars and clubs.

negative: Radia Perlman Radia Joy Perlman (born January 1, 1951) is a software designer and network engineer. She is most famous for her invention of the spanning-tree protocol (STP), which is fundamental to the operation of network bridges, while working for Digital Equipment Corporation.

negative: René Guilbaud René Guilbaud (8 October 1890 – 18 June 1928) was an early-20th-century French military aviator.

negative: Resources, events, agents (accounting model) Resources, events, agents (REA) is a model of how an accounting system can be re-engineered for the computer age. REA was originally proposed in 1982 by William E. McCarthy as a generalized accounting model, and contained the concepts of resources, events and agents (McCarthy 1982).REA is a popular model in teaching accounting information systems (AIS), but it is rare in business practice. Most companies cannot easily dismantle their legacy data warehouse systems or are unwilling to do so.

negative: Robert R. Korfhage Robert Roy Korfhage (December 2, 1930 - November 20, 1998) was an American computer scientist, famous for his contributions to information retrieval and several textbooks.He was  son of Dr. Roy Korfhage who as a chemist at Nestlé in Fulton, Oswego County, New York.  Korfhagegot his bachelors (1952) in engineering mathematics at University of Michigan, while working part time at United Aircraft and Transport Corporation in East Hartford as programmer.

negative: Roberto Di Cosmo Roberto Di Cosmo is a computer scientist and director of IRILL, the Innovation and research initiative for free software (French: Initiative pour la Recherche et l'Innovation sur le Logiciel Libre).He graduated from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and has a PhD from the University of Pisa, before becoming tenured professor at the École normale supérieure in Paris, then professor at the Paris 7 University.Di Cosmo was an early member of the AFUL, association of the French community of Linux and Free Software users, he's also known for his support in the Open Source Software movement.He became famous after releasing a paper against Microsoft in 1998 : Piège dans le cyberespace (Hijacking the world, the dark side of Microsoft).

negative: Semyonovsky Island Semyonovsky Island ('о. Семёновский' in Russian) was an island in the southwest part of the New Siberian Islands in the eastern part of the Laptev Sea. Before its disappearance, it was at 4 km2, one of the smallest islands in the archipelago. In 1945, just before it disappeared, its sea cliffs rose about 24 meters above sea level.Since it discovery, Semenovsky Island rapidly decreased in size until it disappeared between 1952 and the early 1960s.

negative: Shi-Kuo Chang Shi-kuo Chang (Chinese: 張系國; pinyin: Zhāng Xīgūo; Wade–Giles: Chang1 Hsi1-kuo1) is an internationally renowned computer scientist and writer famous for his science fiction writing. Chang was born in Chongqing in 1944 and grew up in Taiwan. After graduating from National Taiwan University, he first came to the United States in 1966 as a student at University of California, Berkeley, in Computer Science. He teaches computer science at the University of Pittsburgh.

negative: Stephen C. Johnson For the 19th-century New York politician see Stephen C. Johnson (state senator).Stephen Curtis Johnson is a computer scientist. He spent nearly 20 years at Bell Labs and AT&T where he wrote yacc, lint, spell and the Portable C Compiler.Johnson earned his PhD in mathematics but has spent his entire career in computer science. He has worked on topics as diverse as computer music, psychometrics, and VLSI design but he is best known for his work on Unix tools and the first AT&T UNIX port.

negative: Stephen R. Bourne Stephen Richard (Steve) Bourne (born 7 January 1944) is a computer scientist, originally from the United Kingdom and based in the United States for most of his career. He is most famous as the author of the Bourne shell (sh), which is the foundation for the standard command line interfaces to Unix.Bourne has a Bachelor's degree in mathematics from King's College London, England. He has a Diploma in Computer Science and a Ph.D. in mathematics from Trinity College, Cambridge.

negative: The Future Is Wild The Future Is Wild is a 2002 thirteen-part documentary television miniseries. Based on research and interviews with several scientists, the miniseries shows how life could evolve in the future if humans were to disappear from the Earth altogether through extinction.

negative: The Gilbert Family The Gilbert Family are an American family consisting of four daughters: Shannan (1986 - 2010), Sarra (1986), Sherre (1987), and Stephanie "Stevie" (1992). Their mother is Mari Gilbert, and they all live in Ellenville, New York. They became semi-famous in 2010 when their relative, Shannan went missing from the Oak Beach Home Owners Association in Long Island, New York. Shannan was a call girl who went to meet a client then for unknown reasons ran from the home and disappeared.

negative: Vladik Kreinovich Vladik Kreinovich is Professor of Computer Science at the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.

negative: Weddell Sea The Weddell Sea is part of the Southern Ocean and contains the Weddell Gyre. Its land boundaries are defined by the bay formed from the coasts of Coats Land and the Antarctic Peninsula. The easternmost point is Cape Norvegia at Princess Martha Coast, Queen Maud Land. To the east of Cape Norvegia is the King Haakon VII Sea. Much of the southern part of the sea is covered by a permanent, massive ice shelf field, the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (not pack ice).

negative: Why the lucky stiff Until he disappeared from public view on 19 August 2009, Jonathan Gillette, known by the pseudonym  why the lucky stiff (often abbreviated as _why), was a prolific writer, cartoonist, artist, and computer programmer notable for his work with the Ruby programming language. Annie Lowrey described him "one of the most unusual, and beloved, computer programmers" in the world.

negative: Yossi Matias Yossi Matias is an Israeli computer scientist, entrepreneur and Google executive.Matias is Vice President, Engineering at Google, working in the Search organization. He is also the managing director of Google's R&D Center in Israel.He is a recipient of Gödel Prize (see citation) and is an ACM Fellow for contributions to the analysis of big data and the field of streaming algorithms.Matias established the Research and Development Center of Google in Israel.


query: nokia e73

positive: List of Nokia products The following is a list of products branded by Nokia.

positive: Nokia Nokia Corporation (Finnish: Nokia Oyj, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnokiɑ], UK /ˈnɒkiə/, US /ˈnoʊkiə/) is a Finnish multinational communications and information technology company. Nokia is headquartered in Espoo, Uusimaa, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area. In 2014, Nokia employed 61,656 people across 120 countries, conducts sales in more than 150 countries and reported annual revenues of around €12.73 billion.

positive: Nokia Eseries The Nokia Eseries consists of business-oriented smartphones, with emphasis on enhanced connectivity and support for corporate e-mail push services. All devices have advanced office features. Phones equipped with Wireless LAN also provide a VoIP client (SIP Protocol).

positive: Nokia Networks Nokia Networks (formerly Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN) and Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN)) is a multinational data networking and telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Espoo, Finland, and  wholly owned subsidiary of Nokia Corporation. It started as a joint venture between Nokia of Finland and Siemens of Germany known as Nokia Siemens Networks. Nokia Networks has operations in around 120 countries. In 2013, Nokia acquired 100% of Nokia Networks, buying all of Siemens' shares.

positive: Nokia Research Center Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, is Nokia's industrial research unit consisting of researchers, engineers and scientists.Its research unit consists of three labs: Radio Systems Lab, in areas of radio access, wireless local connectivity, and radio implementation; Media Technologies Lab, in areas of multimedia and interaction and Sensor and Material Technologies Lab, in areas of advanced sensing solutions, interaction methods, nanotechnologies and quantum technologies.It has sites in four countries: Finland, India, the United Kingdom and the United States.Besides its research centers, in 2001 Nokia founded (and owns) Instituto de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (INDT), a R&D institute located in Brazil.

positive: Nokia phone series Nokia's nomenclature can be traced back in 2005, when the Nseries line was introduced. Because of the demands and peak of that line, Nokia again introduced another series of phones named Eseries, made mostly for the enterprise market and to compete with Palm and BlackBerry.

negative: A10 (Croatia) The A10 motorway (Croatian: Autocesta A10) is a motorway, in southern Croatia extending from the Bosnia and Herzegovina A1 motorway towards the Croatian A1 motorway Metković interchange. The motorway includes the Metković border crossing. The motorway is 4.6 km (2.9 mi) long.

negative: A1 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) The A1 motorway is a motorway in Bosnia and Herzegovina that is part of the Corridor Vc and, together with two Croatian motorways (A10 and A5) and the Hungarian M6, will provide a modern and fast road connection from Budapest to Ploče, an important seaport on the Adriatic Sea.The motorway will connect the capital Sarajevo with other large cities (such as Mostar and Zenica).

negative: A5 (Croatia) The A5 motorway (Croatian: Autocesta A5) is a motorway in Croatia spanning 55.5 kilometres (34.5 mi). It connects Osijek, the largest city in Slavonia region, to the Croatian motorway network at the Sredanci interchange of the A3 motorway. The A5 represents a significant north–south transportation corridor in Croatia and is a part of the European route E73. The A5 motorway route also follows Pan-European corridor Vc.

negative: Comparison of Symbian devices This is a list of devices that run on the Symbian platform mobile operating system (Symbian^1, Symbian^2, and Symbian^3), including their proprietary predecessors running on Symbian OS and EPOC.

negative: D7 road (Croatia) D7 is a state road connecting Beli Manastir, Osijek, Čepin and Đakovo to Slavonski Šamac border crossing to Bosnia and Herzegovina and to Duboševica border crossing to Hungary. The road is 115.2 km (71.6 mi) long.The D7 state road runs parallel to the A5 motorway along its entire length, connecting to virtually all A5 interchanges directly (Đakovo) or indirectly, thus serving as an alternate and backup road to the motorway.

negative: D9 road (Croatia) D9 is a state road connecting Metković border crossing to Čapljina and Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina and D8 state road south of Opuzen. The road is 10.9 km (6.8 mi) long.The road also provides connection to A1 motorway Ploče interchange and A10 motorway Kula Norinska interchange via the D62 state road and cities of Metković and Opuzen.The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

negative: Daemon (novel series) Daemon and FreedomTM comprise a two-part novel by the author Daniel Suarez about a distributed, persistent computer application, known as The Daemon, that begins to change the real world after the original programmer's death. Daemon (2006) ISBN 978-0-9786271-0-2 paperback; (2009) hardcover re-release ISBN 978-0-525-95111-7 FreedomTM (2010) ISBN 978-0-525-95157-5

negative: E73 E73 can refer to:European route E73King's Indian Defense, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code__DISAMBIG__

negative: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. EDGE is considered a pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition.

negative: European route E662 European route E662 is a class B road, part of International E-road network in Serbia and Croatia. It connects E75 at Subotica, and E73 road at Osijek.

negative: European route E73 The European route E 73 is a Class-A north-south European route that connects the central part of the continent, specifically Hungary and eastern Croatia to Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Adriatic Sea in the area of the port of Ploče. This 702-kilometre (436 mi) route is also designated as the Pan-European Corridor Vc, a branch of the fifth Pan-European corridor.

negative: European route E761 European route E 761 is a road part of the International E-road network. It begins in Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina and ends in Zaječar, Serbia.

negative: Form factor (mobile phones) The form factor of a mobile phone is its size, shape, and style, as well as the layout and position of its major components. There are three major form factors – bar phones, flip phones, and sliders – as well as sub-categories of these forms and some atypical forms.

negative: GSM GSM  (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones, first deployed in Finland in July 1991.

negative: General Packet Radio Service General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system's global system for mobile communications (GSM). GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet-switched cellular technologies.

negative: Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism are inborn error of metabolism that affect the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates.An example is lactose intolerance.Carbohydrates account for a major portion of the human diet and are metabolized into three principal monosaccharides: galactose, fructose and glucose. The failure to effectively use these molecules accounts for the majority of the inborn errors of human carbohydrates metabolism.

negative: Lactose intolerance Lactose intolerance is the inability of adults to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and to a lesser extent dairy products, causing side effects. It is due to a lactase deficiency, or hypolactasia. In some (rare) cases, babies have congenital lactase deficiency, which prevents them from being able to digest even human milk.

negative: Lumia imaging apps Lumia imaging apps are imaging applications by Microsoft Mobile and formerly by Nokia for Microsoft Lumia devices built on the technology of Scalado (except for Lumia Panorama which was developed earlier by Nokia originally for Symbian and MeeGo devices).

negative: M0 motorway (Hungary) The M0 motorway is a ringroad around Budapest, the capital of Hungary. The ring presently connects motorways M1, M7, M6, M5, M4, M3, M2, connecting currently to Highway 11. The whole length of the motorway is planned at about 108 km. About 78 km has been completed as of 2013.

negative: M115 bomb The M115 anti-crop bomb, also known as the feather bomb or the E73 bomb, was a U.S. biological cluster bomb designed to deliver wheat stem rust.

negative: M17 road (Bosnia and Herzegovina) The M17 road is a Main road in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The highway is a part of E73. It runs from northern Croatian border Bosanski Brod towards southern Croatian border Doljani, Čapljina. The M17 road goes through 12 cities, and it is part of Corridor Vc.

negative: M60 motorway (Hungary) The M60 motorway (Hungarian: M60-as autópálya) is 56 km long. It begins at the Bóly interchange on the M6 and ends at the Croatian border at Barcs, continuing on in Croatia as the A13 motorway. It connects Pécs with Zagreb.

negative: M6 motorway (Hungary) The M6 motorway is a north-south motorway in Hungary  running along the Danube connecting Budapest to the seat of Baranya county Pécs, and further south to the Croatian border.Construction progress: On 11 June 2006 its first 58 km section between Érd and Dunaújváros was opened to the public. On 22 September 2008, 11 more km were opened to the public as Érd was connected to M0 (the orbital motorway of Budapest).

negative: Microsoft Lumia Microsoft Lumia (previously the Nokia Lumia Series) is a range of mobile devices designed and marketed by Microsoft Mobile and previously by Nokia. Introduced in November 2011, the line was the result of a long-term partnership between Nokia and Microsoft—as such, all Lumia smartphones run the Windows Phone operating system.

negative: Microsoft Mobile Microsoft Mobile  is a multinational mobile phone and mobile computing device manufacturing company headquartered in Espoo, Finland, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft.

negative: Microsoft mobile services Microsoft Mobile Services are a set of proprietary mobile services created specifically for mobile devices, they are typically offered through mobile applications and mobile browser for Windows Phone, Android, iOS, BlackBerry, Nokia platforms, BREW, and Java ME. Microsoft's mobile services are typically connected with a Microsoft account and often come preinstalled on Microsoft's own mobile operating systems while they are offered via various means for other platforms.

negative: Nokia 3-digit series The Nokia 3-digit series by Microsoft Mobile (and previously by Nokia) are a series of feature and  smartphones generally aimed at developing markets.

negative: Nokia 3310 The Nokia 3310 is a GSM mobile phone announced on September 1, 2000, and released in the fourth quarter of the year, replacing the popular Nokia 3210. The phone sold extremely well, being one of the most successful phones with 126 million units sold worldwide. The phone has since received cult status and is still widely acclaimed today.Several variants of the 3310 have been released, including the Nokia 3315, 3320, 3330, 3350, 3360, 3390 and 3395.

negative: Nokia 3510 The Nokia 3510 is an entry-level mobile phone for the GSM network, introduced by Nokia in 2002. The phone was the first Nokia phone to bring GPRS internet services to the mass market. An enhanced version, Nokia 3510i, introduced the same year, was one of the first phones with a color display. The phone has a Nokia Series 30 96 x 65 color user interface.

negative: Nokia 3600/3650 The Nokia 3600/3650 (triband GSM 850/1800/1900 MHz) is a smartphone announced on September 6, 2002. It was the first Symbian Series 60 device to appear in American markets. It was also the first phone with an integrated camera announced for the North American market.One of the common complaints of the Nokia 3600/3650 was its unique circular keypad.

negative: Nokia 5800 XpressMusic Nokia 5800 XpressMusic is a smartphone announced by Nokia on 2 October 2008 and started shipping in November of that year. Code-named "Tube", it was the first touchscreen-equipped S60 device by Nokia, and was the first to run on the touch-specific Symbian v9.4 (S60 5th Edition). The touchscreen features tactile feedback (though it does not use Nokia's Haptikos technology).

negative: Nokia 6120 classic The Nokia 6120 classic is a mid-range smartphone from Nokia that was announced on April 17, 2007. It is the first Nokia UMTS / HSDPA dual band phone which also features quad band GSM, supporting both 2G and 3G/UMTS networks. Its compact size did pack in HSDPA (3.5G), and was the fourth from Nokia to do so after the N95, E90 and 6110 Navigator.It runs on Symbian v9.2 with a S60 3rd Edition FP1 user interface.It should not be confused with Nokia 6120, a different mobile phone from 1997.

negative: Nokia 6250 The Nokia 6250 is a mobile phone made by Nokia. It has been available since 2000. Basically it is mil-spec ruggedized (water, dust and shockproof) version of Nokia 6210 phone.

negative: Nokia 8800 The Nokia 8800 (pronounced eighty-eight-hundred) is a luxury mobile phone produced by Nokia, based on the Nokia Series 40 operating system. The 8800 features a stainless-steel housing with a scratch-resistant screen and has a weight of 134 grams.

negative: Nokia 8910 The Nokia 8910 is a mobile phone released in 2002.

negative: Nokia Asha platform The Nokia Asha platform is a mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for low-end borderline smartphones, based on software from Smarterphone which was acquired by Nokia. The platform inherits UI similarities from Symbian, Maemo and MeeGo, and replaces Series 40 on Nokia's low-end devices.

negative: Nokia Asha series The Nokia Asha series was a range of low-end smartphone and feature phones produced and marketed by Nokia. The word "Asha" is taken from a Sanskrit word meaning "hope".On 3 September 2013, Microsoft announced its purchase of Nokia's mobile device business, with the deal closing on 25 April 2014.

negative: Nokia E5-00 The Nokia E5-00 also called Nokia E5 is a qwerty smartphone that runs on the Symbian OS v9.3 operating system.  Like all phones in the Nokia Eseries it is targeted at b2b and comes with business software applications, including QuickOffice (Office document editor). It was released in the third quarter of 2010. It comes in a candybar form factor. Its casing has five color options.

negative: Nokia E61 The Nokia E61 is a smartphone from the Eseries range, a Series 60 Third Edition device with a QWERTY keyboard targeting business users in the European market.  As of Q4 2006 Cingular and Rogers Wireless have deployed a similar yet restricted version designated the Nokia E62 in the North American and Brazilian markets.  The E62 is substantially similar but without an 802.11 WiFi chipset or W-CDMA (UMTS) 3G support.

negative: Nokia E6 The Nokia E6-00 is a smartphone running the Symbian^3 based "Symbian Anna" operating system.

negative: Nokia E72 The Nokia E72 is a smartphone from the Nokia Eseries range manufactured in Finland. It is the successor to the Nokia E71 and is based on a similar design and form factor, and offers a similar feature set.

negative: Nokia Life Nokia Life earlier Ovi Life Tools and Nokia Life Tools, is an SMS based, subscription information service designed for emerging markets which offers a wide range of information services covering healthcare, agriculture, education and entertainment. The service is currently available in Pakistan, India, Indonesia, China and Nigeria.

negative: Nokia Lifeblog Nokia Lifeblog was a multimedia diary and website administration tool that automatically collects all the photos, videos, and sound clips that the user creates on the mobile phone, text messages and MMS messages that were sent and received. It also allows the user to create text and audio notes.

negative: Nokia Mail and Nokia Chat Nokia Mail and Nokia Chat (earlier Nokia Email and Ovi Mail) were services developed by Microsoft Mobile and earlier by Nokia for its mobile phones. The service operated as a centralized, hosted service that acted as a proxy between the Messaging client and the user's e-mail server. The phone did not connect directly to the e-mail server, but instead sent e-mail credentials to Nokia's servers.

negative: Nokia N97 Nokia N97 was a high-end smartphone part of the Nseries multimedia smartphones from Nokia, announced on 2 December 2008 and released in June 2009 as the successor of the Nokia N96. The N97 is Nokia's second S60-based touchscreen phone, after the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic. It features a slide-out QWERTY keyboard. The N97 runs on Symbian OS v9.4 (S60 5th Edition). A smaller 'mini' variant was later released.

negative: Nokia Navigator Nokia Navigator may refer to: Nokia 6110 Navigator Nokia 6210 Navigator Nokia 6710 Navigator__DISAMBIG__

negative: Nokia Nseries Nokia Nseries is a multimedia smartphone and tablet product family which is engineered and marketed by the Nokia Corporation. The Nseries devices are known to commonly support multiple high-speed wireless technologies, such as 3G, or Wireless LAN. Digital multimedia services, such as music playback, photo/video capture or viewing, gaming or internet services are also supported.

negative: Nokia SU-33W Nokia SU-33W is a Nokia's Mobile TV Receiver. With this optional DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting for Handheld) it is possible to watch television on the screen of the phone. Many Nokia mobile phones with Bluetooth are compatible.This functionality is integrated into Nokia N92, Nokia N77 and Nokia N96 mobile phones and Nokia 5330 Mobile TV Edition features DVB-T too.A 1seg version of this is also available in some South American countries and sold as SU-33Wb (using the SBTVD standard).

negative: Nokia Store The Nokia Store (earlier Ovi Store) was launched world wide in May 2009. Here, customers could download mobile games, applications, videos, images, and ringing tones to their Nokia devices. Some of the items were free of charge; others could be purchased using credit card or through operator billing in selected operators.

negative: Nokia Suite Nokia Suite (formerly Nokia Ovi Suite ) is an application for Nokia users to connect their devices with Microsoft Windows.

negative: Nokia X6 The Nokia X6 is a music-oriented capacitive touchscreen smartphone and portable entertainment device by Nokia. It was announced in early September 2009 during Nokia World 2009 in Germany.The X6 replaces the Nokia 5800 as Nokia's flagship music-centred model. Both still slot below some high-end touchscreen models like Nokia N97.The X6 and the Nokia X3-00 are the first devices in newly installed Nokia Xseries.

negative: Nokia X family The Nokia X family is a range of smartphones produced and marketed by Microsoft Mobile. It was introduced in February 2014 by Nokia. The smartphones run on the Nokia X platform, an Android-based operating system. The Nokia X devices heavily resemble the newer (50x and 230) Asha phones, as well as containing Lumia features. They contain a single 'back' button like the Asha 50x and 230.

negative: Nokia Xseries The Nokia Xseries is a line of mobile phones from Nokia introduced in September 2009 as the successor of the XpressMusic series. It was targeted towards a young audience, and are more focused on music and entertainment with special dedicated keys, inbuilt storage and other facilities. The X2-02, released in January 2012, was the last handset of the series.

negative: Nokia tune The Nokia tune (also called Grande Valse) is a phrase from a composition for solo guitar, Gran Vals, by the Spanish classical guitarist and composer Francisco Tárrega, written in 1902. It has been the icon of Finnish corporation Nokia since the 1990s, becoming the first identifiable musical ringtone on a mobile phone, and has become a cult classic.

negative: Ovi (Nokia) Ovi by Nokia (Finnish: ovi "door") was the brand for Nokia's Internet services. The Ovi services could be used from a mobile device, computer (through Ovi Suite) or via the web. Nokia focused on five key service areas: Games, Maps, Media, Messaging and Music. Nokia's aim with Ovi was to include third party developers, such as operators and third-party services like Yahoo's Flickr photo site.

negative: S60 (software platform) The S60 Platform (formerly Series 60 User Interface) was a software platform for smartphones that runs on the Symbian operating system. It was created by Nokia in 2001, and was first released in 2002 with the Nokia 7650 smartphone. The OS platform has since seen 5 updated editions. In 2010, S60 was replaced by the new Symbian^3.S60 consists of a suite of libraries and standard applications, such as telephony, personal information manager (PIM) tools, and Helix-based multimedia players.

negative: Sarajevo Beltway The Sarajevo Beltway is a beltway in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It runs from the southern part of Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, towards local exits near Blažuj.The Sarajevo Beltway is part of European route E73. The beltway has 4 exits including 2 interchanges.

negative: Sarajevo Bypass Sarajevo Bypass is part of European route E73, and it connects the A1 with Sarajevska Cesta and Sarajevo International Airport.There would be 2 interchanges. One is located in XII Transversal,and other one is located on A1, and these two interchanges will be connected with exit road from A1.

negative: Series 40 Series 40, often shortened as S40, is a software platform and application user interface (UI) software on Nokia's broad range of mid-tier feature phones, as well as on some of the Vertu line of luxury phones. It was one of the world's most widely used mobile phone platforms and found in hundreds of millions of devices. Nokia announced on 25 January 2012 that the company has sold over 1.5 billion Series 40 devices. S40 has more features than the Series 30 platform, which is more basic.

negative: Space Impact Space Impact is a video game series found on several Nokia Mobile phones, with the first game making its debut as part of the built-in games on the Nokia 3310, after which it was carried on to numerous future Nokia phones, including Nokia 3320, Nokia 3330, Nokia 3350, Nokia 3360, Nokia 3390, Nokia 3410, Nokia 3610, Nokia 5210, Nokia 5510, Nokia 6310, Nokia 6310i, Nokia 6510, Nokia 8855 and Nokia 2100.The Nokia 3310 WAP enhanced versions (3330 and 3350) and the Nokia 3410 versions gave the possibility to download extra Space Impact chapters via the phone's WAP connection.Sequels for the original game, such as 'Space Impact 2' and 'Space Impact Plus' appeared on later phones, including Nokia 3510, Nokia 3530, Nokia 3510i and Nokia 1100, Nokia 1101, Nokia 2300 respectively.Starting with Nokia 7210, the sequel 'Space Impact 303' came available not pre-installed on the phone but available as an J2ME applet via download from the Nokia website.

negative: Sredanci interchange The Sredanci interchange (Croatian: Čvor Sredanci) is a cloverleaf interchange west of Slavonski Brod, Croatia. It is named after nearby village of Sredanci. As of September 2011, the interchange represents the southern terminus of the A5 motorway and it connects the A5 route to the A3 motorway facilitating a link between the city of Osijek and the remainder of the Croatian motorway system. The interchange is a part of Pan-European corridors Vc and X.

negative: Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion The Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion (ISBN 978-0-671-50106-8) is a trade paperback released by Pocket Books in 2000. Written by Terry J. Erdmann and Paula M.

negative: Svilaj Svilaj is a settlement (naselje) in the Croatian municipality of Oprisavci (Brod–Posavina County). According to the 2001 census, the settlement has 290 inhabitants. Svilaj's importance lies in the planned border checkpoint and a bridge over the nearby Sava River, which will bear the internationally important freeway Pan-European Corridor Vc.

negative: Symbian Symbian was a closed-source mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones. Symbian was originally developed by Symbian Ltd., as a descendant of Psion's EPOC and runs exclusively on ARM processors, although an unreleased x86 port existed. The current form of Symbian is an open-source platform developed by Symbian Foundation in 2009, as the successor of the original Symbian OS.

negative: Tarčin Tarčin is a village in the municipality of Hadžići,  Bosnia and Herzegovina.It is located around 30km west of Sarajevo in the Sarajevo Canton within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. European route E73, a European highway between Hungary and the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) runs through Tarčin.

negative: Visual radio For the archaic reference to videotelephony, see: VideophoneVisual radio is a generic term for adding visuals to normal audio radio broadcasts. Visual Radio is also a trademark for a Nokia solution for interactive radio with FM radio over a data connection.