query: Climate projections also assume that planet Earth is not dynamic

positive: Earth Earth ( from Eorðe -LSB- Γαῖα , Gaia -RSB- Terra ) , otherwise known as the World or the Globe , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets .   According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence , Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago . Earth 's gravity interacts with other objects in space , especially the Sun and the Moon , Earth 's only natural satellite . During one orbit around the Sun , Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times ; thus , an Earth year is about 365.26 days long . Earth 's axis of rotation is tilted , producing seasonal variations on the planet 's surface . The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides , stabilizes the Earth 's orientation on its axis , and gradually slows its rotation .   Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years . About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by its oceans . The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere . The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack . Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics .   Within the first billion years of Earth 's history , life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth 's atmosphere and surface , leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms . Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago . Since then , the combination of Earth 's distance from the Sun , physical properties , and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive . In the history of the Earth , biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion , occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events . Over 99 % of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct . Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely ; most species have not been described . Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival . Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures ; politically , the world has about 200 sovereign states .

positive: Future of Earth The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based upon the estimated effects of several long-term influences . These include the chemistry at Earth 's surface , the rate of cooling of the planet 's interior , the gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System , and a steady increase in the Sun 's luminosity . An uncertain factor in this extrapolation is the ongoing influence of technology introduced by humans , such as climate engineering , which could cause significant changes to the planet . The current Holocene extinction is being caused by technology and the effects may last for up to five million years . In turn , technology may result in the extinction of humanity , leaving the planet to gradually return to a slower evolutionary pace resulting solely from long-term natural processes .   Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years , random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere , which can result in mass extinctions . These include impacts by comets or asteroids with diameters of 5 -- or more , and the possibility of a massive stellar explosion , called a supernova , within a 100-light-year radius of the Sun , called a Near-Earth supernova . Other large-scale geological events are more predictable . If the long-term effects of global warming are disregarded , Milankovitch theory predicts that the planet will continue to undergo glacial periods at least until the Quaternary glaciation comes to an end . These periods are caused by variations in eccentricity , axial tilt , and precession of the Earth 's orbit . As part of the ongoing supercontinent cycle , plate tectonics will probably result in a supercontinent in 250 -- 350 million years . Some time in the next 1.5 -- 4.5 billion years , the axial tilt of the Earth may begin to undergo chaotic variations , with changes in the axial tilt of up to 90 ° .   During the next four billion years , the luminosity of the Sun will steadily increase , resulting in a rise in the solar radiation reaching the Earth . This will result in a higher rate of weathering of silicate minerals , which will cause a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere . In about 600 million years from now , the level of CO2 will fall below the level needed to sustain C3 carbon fixation photosynthesis used by trees . Some plants use the C4 carbon fixation method , allowing them to persist at concentrations as low as 10 parts per million . However , the long-term trend is for plant life to die off altogether . The extinction of plants will be the demise of almost all animal life , since plants are the base of the food chain on Earth .   In about one billion years , the solar luminosity will be 10 % higher than at present . This will cause the atmosphere to become a `` moist greenhouse '' , resulting in a runaway evaporation of the oceans . As a likely consequence , plate tectonics will come to an end , and with them the entire carbon cycle . Following this event , in about 2 − 3 billion years , the planet 's magnetic dynamo may cease , causing the magnetosphere to decay and leading to an accelerated loss of volatiles from the outer atmosphere . Four billion years from now , the increase in the Earth 's surface temperature will cause a runaway greenhouse effect , heating the surface enough to melt it . By that point , all life on the Earth will be extinct . The most probable fate of the planet is absorption by the Sun in about 7.5 billion years , after the star has entered the red giant phase and expanded to cross the planet 's current orbit .

positive: Climate Climate is the statistics of weather , usually over a 30-year interval . It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature , humidity , atmospheric pressure , wind , precipitation , atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time . Climate differs from weather , in that weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region .   A region 's climate is generated by the climate system , which has five components : atmosphere , hydrosphere , cryosphere , lithosphere , and biosphere .   The climate of a location is affected by its latitude , terrain , and altitude , as well as nearby water bodies and their currents . Climates can be classified according to the average and the typical ranges of different variables , most commonly temperature and precipitation . The most commonly used classification scheme was the Köppen climate classification . The Thornthwaite system , in use since 1948 , incorporates evapotranspiration along with temperature and precipitation information and is used in studying biological diversity and how climate change affects it . The Bergeron and Spatial Synoptic Classification systems focus on the origin of air masses that define the climate of a region .   Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates . Since direct observations of climate are not available before the 19th century , paleoclimates are inferred from proxy variables that include non-biotic evidence such as sediments found in lake beds and ice cores , and biotic evidence such as tree rings and coral . Climate models are mathematical models of past , present and future climates . Climate change may occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors ; recent warming is discussed in global warming . Global warming results in redistributions . For example , `` a 3 ° C change in mean annual temperature corresponds to a shift in isotherms of approximately 300 -- 400 km in latitude ( in the temperate zone ) or 500 m in elevation . Therefore , species are expected to move upwards in elevation or towards the poles in latitude in response to shifting climate zones '' .

positive: Climate model Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate , including atmosphere , oceans , land surface and ice . They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the climate system to projections of future climate .   All climate models take account of incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation , chiefly visible and short-wave ( near ) infrared , as well as outgoing long wave ( far ) infrared electromagnetic . Any imbalance results in a change in temperature .   Models vary in complexity :  A simple radiant heat transfer model treats the earth as a single point and averages outgoing energy  This can be expanded vertically ( radiative-convective models ) and/or horizontally  Finally , ( coupled ) atmosphere -- ocean -- sea ice global climate models solve the full equations for mass and energy transfer and radiant exchange .  Box models can treat flows across and within ocean basins .  Other types of modelling can be interlinked , such as land use , allowing researchers to predict the interaction between climate and ecosystems .

positive: Coriolis force In physics , the Coriolis force is an inertial force that acts on objects that are in motion relative to a rotating reference frame . In a reference frame with clockwise rotation , the force acts to the left of the motion of the object . In one with anticlockwise rotation , the force acts to the right . Deflection of an object due to the Coriolis force is called the Coriolis effect . Though recognized previously by others , the mathematical expression for the Coriolis force appeared in an 1835 paper by French scientist Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis , in connection with the theory of water wheels . Early in the 20th century , the term Coriolis force began to be used in connection with meteorology .   Newton 's laws of motion describe the motion of an object in an inertial ( non-accelerating ) frame of reference . When Newton 's laws are transformed to a rotating frame of reference , the Coriolis force and centrifugal force appear . Both forces are proportional to the mass of the object . The Coriolis force is proportional to the rotation rate and the centrifugal force is proportional to its square . The Coriolis force acts in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis and to the velocity of the body in the rotating frame and is proportional to the object 's speed in the rotating frame ( more precisely , to the component of its velocity that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation ) . The centrifugal force acts outwards in the radial direction and is proportional to the distance of the body from the axis of the rotating frame . These additional forces are termed inertial forces , fictitious forces or pseudo forces . They allow the application of Newton 's laws to a rotating system . They are correction factors that do not exist in a non-accelerating or inertial reference frame .   In popular ( non-technical ) usage of the term `` Coriolis effect '' , the rotating reference frame implied is almost always the Earth . Because the Earth spins , Earth-bound observers need to account for the Coriolis force to correctly analyze the motion of objects . The Earth completes only one rotation per day , so for motions of everyday objects the Coriolis force is usually quite small compared to other forces ; its effects generally become noticeable only for motions occurring over large distances and long periods of time , such as large-scale movement of air in the atmosphere or water in the ocean . Such motions are constrained by the surface of the Earth , so only the horizontal component of the Coriolis force is generally important . This force causes moving objects on the surface of the Earth to be deflected to the right ( with respect to the direction of travel ) in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere . The horizontal deflection effect is greater near the poles , since the effective rotation rate about a local vertical axis is largest there , and decreases to zero at the equator . Rather than flowing directly from areas of high pressure to low pressure , as they would in a non-rotating system , winds and currents tend to flow to the right of this direction north of the equator and to the left of this direction south of it . This effect is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones ( see Coriolis effects in meteorology ) .   For an intuitive explanation of the origin of the Coriolis force , consider an object moving northward in the northern hemisphere . Viewed from outer space , the object does not appear to go due north , but has an eastward motion ( it rotates around toward the right along with the surface of the Earth ) . The further north you go , the smaller the `` horizontal diameter '' of the Earth , and so the slower the eastward motion of its surface . As the object moves north , to higher latitudes , it has a tendency to maintain the eastward speed it started with ( rather than slowing down to match the reduced eastward speed of local objects on the Earth 's surface ) , so it veers east ( i.e. to the right of its initial motion ) . Though not obvious from this example , which considers northward motion , the horizontal deflection occurs equally for objects moving east or west ( or any other direction ) .

negative: Geophysical fluid dynamics Geophysical fluid dynamics is the study of naturally occurring , large-scale flows on Earth and other planets . It is applied to the motion of fluids in the ocean and outer core , and to gases in the atmosphere of Earth and other planets . Two features that are common to many of the phenomena studied in geophysical fluid dynamics are rotation of the fluid due to the planetary rotation and stratification ( layering ) . The applications of geophysical fluid dynamics do not generally include the circulation of the mantle , which is the subject of geodynamics , or fluid phenomena in the magnetosphere . Flows of smaller scale that are relatively unaffected by Earth 's rotation or latitude or substantial layering are not part of GFD .

negative: Gliese 581d Gliese 581d -LSB- ˈɡliːzə -RSB- ( often shortened to Gl 581d or GJ 581d ) is a possible extrasolar planet orbiting within the Gliese 581 planetary system , approximately 20.4 light-years away in the Libra constellation . It is the third planet claimed in the system and ( assuming a six-planet model ) the fifth in order from the star .   Though not confirmed to be a terrestrial planet and significantly more massive than Earth ( at 6.98 Earth masses ) , the Super-Earth is the first exoplanet of terrestrial mass proposed to orbit within the habitable zone of its parent star .   Assuming its existence , computer climate simulations have confirmed the possibility of the existence of surface water and these factors combine to a relatively high measure of planetary habitability .

negative: Ice-sheet model In climate modelling , Ice-sheet models use numerical methods to simulate the evolution , dynamics and thermodynamics of ice sheets , such as the Greenland ice sheet , the Antarctic ice sheet or the large ice sheets on the northern hemisphere during the last glacial period . They are used for a variety of purposes , from studies of the glaciation of Earth over glacial -- interglacial cycles in the past to projections of ice-sheet decay under future global warming conditions .

negative: Living Earth Simulator Project The living Earth simulator is a proposed massive computer simulation system intended to simulate the interactions of all aspects of life , human economic activity , climate , and other physical processes on the planet Earth as part of the FuturICT project , in response to the European FP7 `` Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship '' initiative .   There are over 300 international teams seeking ~ $ 1 billion for the 10-year Future and Emerging Technologies ` flagship ' competition . The Earth Simulator was not selected since the two winners have been announced as of March 2013 . The winners were Graphene and Human Brain .

negative: Milutin Milanković Milutin Milanković ( Милутин Миланковић , pronounced -LSB- milǔtin milǎːnkɔʋitɕ -RSB- 28 May 1879 -- 12 December 1958 ) was a Serbian mathematician , astronomer , climatologist , geophysicist , civil engineer , doctor of technology , university professor and popularizer of science . Milanković gave two fundamental contributions to global science . The first contribution is the `` Canon of the Earth 's Insolation '' , which characterizes the climates of all the planets of the Solar system . The second contribution is the explanation of Earth 's long-term climate changes caused by changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun , now known as Milankovitch cycles . This explained the ice ages occurring in the geological past of the Earth , as well as the climate changes on the Earth which can be expected in the future . He founded planetary climatology by calculating temperatures of the upper layers of the Earth 's atmosphere as well as the temperature conditions on planets of the inner Solar system , Mercury , Venus , Mars , and the Moon , as well as the depth of the atmosphere of the outer planets . He demonstrated the interrelatedness of celestial mechanics and the Earth sciences , and enabled consistent transition from celestial mechanics to the Earth sciences and transformation of descriptive sciences into exact ones .

negative: Are We Changing Planet Earth? Are We Changing Planet Earth ? and Can We Save Planet Earth ? are two programmes that form a documentary about global warming , presented by David Attenborough . They were first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 24 May and 1 June 2006 respectively .   Part of a themed season by the BBC entitled `` Climate Chaos '' , the programmes were produced in conjunction with the Discovery Channel and the Open University . They were directed by Nicolas Brown and produced by Jeremy Bristow . The music was composed by Samuel Sim .   Attenborough undertook the assignment in between his ` Life ' series Life in the Undergrowth and Life in Cold Blood . Around the same time , the naturalist also narrated Planet Earth .

negative: National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics The National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics , or NCED , is an NSF Science and Technology Center - a collaborative  partnership among educational , research , and public/private entities that aims to create new knowledge of significant benefit to society .  Its mission is to understand the dynamics of the coupled processes that shape the Earth 's surface -- physical , biological , geochemical , and anthropogenic -- and how they will respond to climate , land use , and management change . NCED is headquartered at the University of Minnesota 's Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory .

negative: Planet Earth Planet Earth may refer to Earth , the third planet from the sun . It may also refer to :

negative: NASA Earth Science NASA Earth Science , formerly called the NASA Earth Science Enterprise ( ESE ) , formerly called Mission To Planet Earth ( MTPE ) , is a NASA research program `` to develop a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes to enable improved prediction of climate , weather , and natural hazards for present and future generations '' .

negative: Richard A. Betts Richard A. Betts is Head of the Climate Impacts strategic area at the Met Office Hadley Centre in Exeter , United Kingdom . He is also Chair in Climate Impacts at the University of Exeter and the Principal Investigator of the EU FP7 project HELIX ( High-End cLimate Impacts and eXtremes ) . He was a lead author for Working Group I and a contributing author for Working Group II of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report . He was a lead author for Working Group II of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report . He is an editor for the International Journal of Global Warming , the Journal of Environmental Investing , and for Earth System Dynamics .   After studying physics at the University of Bristol , Betts switched to meteorology at the University of Birmingham and then studied for a doctorate in meteorology at the University of Reading . He is noted for engaging with critics of climate science on Twitter and was selected by TIME as one of the 140 best Twitter feeds of 2012 .

negative: Artists' Project Earth Artists ' Project Earth is a UK registered charity which recruits internationally known musicians and artists through albums , concerts , art exhibitions and art related projects to raise awareness of climate change and funds for campaigns and disaster relief .

negative: Earth system science Earth system science ( ESS ) is the application of systems science to the Earth sciences . In particular , it considers interactions between the Earth 's `` spheres '' -- atmosphere , hydrosphere , cryosphere , geosphere , pedosphere , biosphere , and , even , the magnetosphere -- as well as the impact of human societies on these components . At its broadest scale , Earth system science brings together researchers across both the natural and social sciences , from fields including ecology , economics , geology , glaciology , meteorology , oceanography , paleontology , sociology , and space science . Like the broader subject of systems science , Earth system science assumes a holistic view of the dynamic interaction between the Earth 's spheres and their many constituent subsystems , the resulting organization and time evolution of these systems , and their stability or instability . Subsets of Earth system science include systems geology and systems ecology , and many aspects of Earth system science are fundamental to the subjects of physical geography and climate science .

negative: Dan Falzon Dan Falzon ( born 24 November 1972 ) is an Australian actor of Maltese descent , best known for his role as Rick Alessi on the television soap opera Neighbours . He also appeared in the Channel Nine drama The Alice , as a park ranger . He also formed the short-lived pop group Milk with his brother , releasing the single `` Seventeen '' in 1997 . Currently he is employed by St John Ambulance ( NT ) Inc. as a paramedic in Alice Springs , along with his two brothers , Tom and Ben , who also run an eco-tourism business together , Milikom .   He is involved in Project Bluestar 2000 -- 12 , a communications , research and development project established to build awareness on climate change and Extra Dimensional activity on the planet Earth . He uses the YouTube username federationphantom to broadcast a personal diary from Earth Sanctuary .

negative: Earth (Noon Universe) In the Noon Universe created by Boris and Arkady Strugatsky Earth is one of the planets populated by humans as well as their assumed origin . It is identical to the modern Earth except for the fact that it is set in the 22nd century . Earth is particularly described in Noon : 22nd Century , the first ( chronologically and published ) book of Noon Universe series .

negative: Kepler-22b Kepler-22b , also known by its Kepler object of interest designation KOI-087 .01 , is an extrasolar planet orbiting within the empirical habitable zone of the Sun-like star Kepler-22 . It is located about 600 ly from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus . It was discovered by NASA 's Kepler Space Telescope in December 2011 and was the first known transiting planet to orbit within the habitable zone of a Sun-like star . Kepler-22 is too dim to be seen with the naked eye .   Kepler-22b 's size is roughly twice that of Earth . Its mass and surface composition are unknown . An Earth-like composition for the planet has been ruled out . It is likely to have a volatile-rich composition with a liquid or gaseous outer shell . The only parameters of the planet 's orbit that are currently available are its orbital period , which is about , and its inclination , which is approximately 90 ° . Evidence suggests that the planet has a moderate surface temperature , assuming that the surface is not subject to extreme greenhouse heating . In the absence of an atmosphere , its equilibrium temperature ( assuming an Earth-like albedo ) would be approximately 262 K.   The planet 's first transit was observed on 12 May 2009 . Confirmation of the existence of Kepler-22b was announced on 5 December 2011 .

negative: Geology Geology ( from the Ancient Greek γῆ , gē , i.e. `` earth '' and - λoγία , - logia , i.e. `` study of , discourse '' ) is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth , the rocks of which it is composed , and the processes by which they change over time . Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet ( such as the geology of the Moon or Mars ) .   Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics , the evolutionary history of life , and past climates . Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation , evaluating water resources , understanding of natural hazards , the remediation of environmental problems , and for providing insights into past climate change . Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline .

negative: Earth 2150 Earth 2150 also known as Earth 2150 : Escape from the Blue Planet is a real-time strategy game , originally published in 2000 by SSI and the Polish developer Reality Pump and a sequel to the largely unknown Earth 2140 . It was one of the first commercial full-3D games of its kind . A sequel to Earth 2150 , Earth 2160 , was published in August 2005 . The game also has two stand-alone expansion packs : Earth 2150 : The Moon Project , and Earth 2150 : Lost Souls .

negative: Paleogeoscience Paleogeosciences are those associated with the past states or processes associated with Earth science or geoscience . Earth science or geoscience is an all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth . These studies of earth 's history encompass the Biosphere , Cryosphere , Hydrosphere , Atmosphere , and Lithosphere ; the Geosphere . One of the most socially prominent facets of the paleogeosciences would be their applications to our changing climate system .

negative: Earth System Dynamics Earth System Dynamics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union . The journal publishes articles describing original research on the geology , climate change , and atmospheric science .   According to the 2016 Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 4.589 . The editors-in-chief are Somnath Baidya Roy , Alex Kleidon , Valerio Lucarini , and Ning Zeng .

negative: Planet Earth (1986 series) Planet Earth is a seven-episode 1986 PBS television documentary series focusing on the Earth , narrated by Richard Kiley .   Planet Earth explores geoscience and how discoveries of the early and mid-1980s were revolutionizing mankind 's understanding of the Earth 's past , present , and future . It also highlights scientific discoveries not yet fully understood and still under study in the mid-1980s . The series explores the Earth 's origins , history , and structure ; the forces that operate continually to alter its surface ; its oceans ; its climate ; its natural resources ; its biosphere and the effects of life on the physical world ; its relationship to the Sun and other bodies in the solar system ; and its possible future in the face of pressures the growing human population places on the natural world .   The BBC used the same title for its 2006 series , but the two series are completely unrelated and quite different in focus and content .

negative: Orbital effects on climate There are various solar/celestial effects that exist which have an effect on Earth 's climate . These effects usually occur in cycles , and primarily include how Earth 's obliquity , the eccentricity of Earth 's orbit , and the precession of the equinoxes and solstices affect Earth 's climate . In addition to these effects , there are also other factors that have an effect on Earth 's climate . These other factors include how sun activity affects climate and how celestial phenomena , such as meteors , affect Earth 's climate . Some of these factors are n't yet well understood , for instance the ice ages occur on 100,000 year cycles , and it 's not completely understood why the various effects with this periodicity have such a strong effect on glaciation ( see the 100,000-year problem ) .

negative: Planetary engineering Planetary engineering is the application of technology for the purpose of influencing the global environments of a planet . Its objectives usually involve increasing the habitability of other worlds or mitigating decreases in habitability to Earth .   Perhaps the best-known type of planetary engineering is terraforming , by which a planet 's surface conditions are altered to be more like those of Earth . Planetary engineering is largely the realm of science fiction at present , although recent climate change on Earth shows that human technology can cause change on a global scale .

negative: General circulation model A general circulation model ( GCM ) is a type of climate model . It employs a mathematical model of the general circulation of a planetary atmosphere or ocean . It uses the Navier -- Stokes equations on a rotating sphere with thermodynamic terms for various energy sources ( radiation , latent heat ) . These equations are the basis for computer programs used to simulate the Earth 's atmosphere or oceans . Atmospheric and oceanic GCMs ( AGCM and OGCM ) are key components along with sea ice and land-surface components .   GCMs and global climate models are used for weather forecasting , understanding the climate and forecasting climate change .   Versions designed for decade to century time scale climate applications were originally created by Syukuro Manabe and Kirk Bryan at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton , New Jersey . These models are based on the integration of a variety of fluid dynamical , chemical and sometimes biological equations .

negative: A Planet for the President A Planet for the President ( 2004 ) is a novel by Alistair Beaton . Set in the not-too-distant future , it satirically ponders the question of what action the President of the United States might take if he finally realized that global climate change is converting the earth into an increasingly uninhabitable planet , also for Americans . Eventually persuaded by his aides to `` think the unthinkable '' , the President in the novel , Fletcher J. Fletcher , greenlights drastic measures to stop environmental destruction and to secure for himself a place in history as the saviour of the earth . A biting political satire , A Planet for the President is a ( deliberately ) thinly disguised take on George W. Bush and his administration . The book has been hailed by the Daily Mail , a British tabloid , as `` Dr Strangelove for the Eco generation '' .

negative: GFD GFD may refer to :  Gluten-free diet , a diet that excludes gluten  Geophysical fluid dynamics , the study of naturally occurring , large-scale flows on Earth and other planets  General Film Distributors , a defunct British film distribution company

negative: Navigator Program The Navigator Program is a long term NASA project charged with over-seeing all missions related to the detection and characterization of Earth-like planets . It also seeks to further understand how galaxies , stars and planets form . Navigator , with a 25-year time window , is essentially an umbrella program for more specific current and proposed projects which seek out Earth analogues and possible extraterrestrial life . The main components of Navigator include two ground-based and two space based missions .   On Earth :   The Keck Interferometer . Initial interferometeric work began in 2005 .  The Large Binocular Telescope . Operational since 2005 .   And in space :   The SIM Planetquest . Expected launch in 2015 .  The Terrestrial Planet Finder . First phase is projected to launch 2014 .   The Navigator Program is itself an element of even larger decades long project of NASA : the Origins Program , addressing the origins of the universe , astronomical bodies , and life .   Category : NASA programs

negative: Planet Forward Planet Forward , a project of the Center for Innovative Media at The George Washington University 's School of Media and Public Affairs , is an online public forum where experts , engaged citizens and students weigh in on energy , climate and sustainability . The most inventive and creative ideas are featured online and on television .

negative: List of climate research satellites The invention of climate research through the use of satellite remote telemetry began in the 1960s through development of space probes to study other planets . During the U.S. economic decline in 1977 , with much of NASA 's money going toward the Shuttle program , the Reagan Administration proposed to reduce spending on planetary exploration . During this time , new scientific evidence emerged from ice and sediment cores that Earth 's climate had experienced rapid changes in temperature , running contrary to the previously held belief that the climate changed on a geological time scale . These changes increased political interest in gathering remote-sensing data on the Earth itself and stimulated the science of climatology .

negative: Community Earth System Model The Community Earth System Model ( CESM ) is a fully coupled numerical simulation of the Earth system consisting of atmospheric , ocean , ice , land surface , carbon cycle , and other components . CESM includes a climate model providing state-of-art simulations of the Earth 's past , present , and future . It is the successor of the Community Climate System Model ( CCSM ) , specifically version 4 ( CCSMv4 ) , which provided the initial atmospheric component for CESM . Strong ensemble forecasting capabilities , CESM-LE ( CESM-Large Scale ) , were developed at the onset to control for error and biases across different model runs ( realizations ) . Simulations from the Earth 's surface through the thermosphere are generated utilizing the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model ( WACCM ) . CESM1 was released in 2010 with primary development by the Climate and Global Dynamics Division ( CGD ) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR ) , and significant funding by the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) and the Department of Energy ( DoE ) .

negative: PlanetQuest PlanetQuest is a grid computing project for discovering new planets and classifying stars from Earth-based observatories ' images .

negative: (444004) 2004 AS1 ( also written 2004 AS1 ) , also known by the temporary name AL00667 , is an Apollo-class near-Earth asteroid , first discovered on January 13 , 2004 , by the LINEAR project . Based on the asteroids brightness and assumed proximity to Earth , the asteroid was originally estimated to be only 30 meters in diameter .   Although rather ordinary , it caused some controversy in astronomical circles due to initial projections posted on the web by the Minor Planet Center ( MPC ) suggesting an imminent collision with Earth on or about January 15 with a likelihood of 1:4 . These projections came from very early observations , and turned out to be inaccurate ( which is an ordinary occurrence in astronomy , as new observations refine the projected path of an object ) . In fact , the poster at the MPC had not realised that the data he had posted was essentially an impact prediction .   The general media did not get hold of the story at the time .   The asteroid passed Earth on 16 February 2004 at a distance of 0.08539 AU ( or 33 times the distance from Earth to the Moon ) , posing no threat . It is an Apollo asteroid , with perihelion at 0.88 AU , a rather low eccentricity of 0.17 , an inclination of 17 ° and an orbital period of 1.11 years .   With an absolute magnitude ( H ) of 20.5 , the asteroid is now known to be around 210 - 470 m in diameter , depending on the albedo ( the amount of light it reflects ) .

negative: Terrestrial Analogue Sites Terrestrial Analogue Sites ( also called `` Space Analogues '' ) are places on Earth with assumed past or present geological , environmental or biological conditions of a celestial body such as the Moon or Mars . Analogue sites are used in the frame of space exploration to either study geological or biological processes observed on other planets , or to prepare astronauts for surface Extra-vehicular activity .


query: [Jonathan Overpeck:] ‘No doubt about it anymore — humans, mainly by burning fossil fuels, are cooking the planet,’ Overpeck said.

positive: Human impact on the environment Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments , biodiversity , and other resources . The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity . The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist Alexey Pavlov , and was first used in English by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in reference to human influences on climax plant communities . The atmospheric scientist Paul Crutzen introduced the term `` Anthropocene '' in the mid-1970s . The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced as a result of human activities but applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment .

positive: Greenhouse gas A greenhouse gas ( abbrev . GHG ) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range . This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect . The primary greenhouse gases in Earth 's atmosphere are water vapor , carbon dioxide , methane , nitrous oxide , and ozone . Without greenhouse gases , the average temperature of Earth 's surface would be about -18 ° C , rather than the present average of 15 ° C . In the Solar System , the atmospheres of Venus , Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause a greenhouse effect .   Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution ( taken as the year 1750 ) have produced a 40 % increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide , from 280 ppm in 1750 to 406 ppm in early 2017 . This increase has occurred despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions by various natural `` sinks '' involved in the carbon cycle . Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions ( i.e. , emissions produced by human activities ) come from combustion of fossil fuels , principally coal , oil , and natural gas , along with deforestation , soil erosion and animal agriculture .   It has been estimated that if greenhouse gas emissions continue at the present rate , Earth 's surface temperature could exceed historical values as early as 2047 , with potentially harmful effects on ecosystems , biodiversity and the livelihoods of people worldwide . Recent estimates suggest that on the current emissions trajectory the Earth could pass a threshold of 2 ° C global warming , which the United Nations ' IPCC designated as the upper limit to avoid `` dangerous '' global warming , by 2036 .

positive: Non-renewable resource A non-renewable resource ( also called a finite resource ) is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames . An example is carbon-based , organically-derived fuel . The original organic material , with the aid of heat and pressure , becomes a fuel such as oil or gas . Earth minerals and metal ores , fossil fuels ( coal , petroleum , natural gas ) and groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable resources , though individual elements are almost always conserved .   In contrast , resources such as timber ( when harvested sustainably ) and wind ( used to power energy conversion systems ) are considered renewable resources , largely because their localized replenishment can occur within time frames meaningful to humans .

negative: Overpeck, Ohio Overpeck ( other names : Overpeck Station , Overpecks , Overpecks Station ) is an unincorporated community in central St. Clair Township , Butler County , Ohio , United States . Although it is unincorporated , it has a post office , with the ZIP code of 45055 . It lies between New Miami and Trenton .   Overpeck is a part of the Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington , OH-KY-IN Combined Statistical Area .   A post office called Overpecks Station was established in 1860 , and the name was changed to Overpeck in 1882 . The community has the name of Isaac Overpeck , an early resident .

negative: Overpeck County Park Overpeck County Park is an 811 acre county park in Bergen County , New Jersey , with major sections in Leonia , Palisades Park , Ridgefield Park , and Teaneck , surrounding Overpeck Creek , a tributary of the Hackensack River .   The Overpeck Creek flows to the west of the Henry Hoebel Area and the South Area of the park .

negative: Overpeck Overpeck may refer to :   People :  Lem Overpeck ( 1911 -- 2003 ) , the 29th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1965 to 1969   Settlements :  Overpeck Township , New Jersey , former township in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States , from 1897 to 1938  Overpeck , Ohio , unincorporated community in central St. Clair Township , Butler County , Ohio , United States   Geography :  Overpeck Creek , tributary of the Hackensack River in Bergen County in northeastern New Jersey in the United States  Overpeck County Park , 811 acre ( 3.28 km2 ) county park in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States   de : Overpeck  vo : Overpeck

negative: Fossil fuel phase-out Fossil fuel phase out refers to the discontinuation of the use of fossil fuels , through the decommissioning of operating fossil fuel-fired power plants , the prevention of the construction of new ones , and the use of Alternative energy to replace the role of fossil fuels .   The purpose of fossil fuel phase-out is to reduce the negative externalities that use of fossil fuels cause . Negative externalities refer to the costs a certain activity has over people who did not choose to incur in them . A direct negative externality from fossil fuels ' use is air pollution , and an indirect negative externality are mining accidents , that happen as a consequence of the extraction of fossil fuels . Fossil fuel burning contributes to climate change , as it releases greenhouse gas emissions .

negative: Lem Overpeck Lem Overpeck ( September 18 , 1911 -- April 10 , 2003 ) was the 29th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1965 to 1969 serving under Governor Nils Boe . He was a member of the Republican Party .

negative: Overpeck Township, New Jersey Overpeck Township was a township that existed in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States , from 1897 to 1938 .   The township was incorporated by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23 , 1897 , and was formed coextensively with Ridgefield Park from portions of Ridgefield Township .   On May 3 , 1921 , Overpeck Township acquired portions of both Bogota and Teaneck . On June 1 , 1926 , additional territories were acquired from Teaneck .   On May 31 , 1938 , Overpeck Township was renamed to Ridgefield Park Township . With the creation of Ridgefield Park Township , Overpeck Township was dissolved .

negative: Carversville Historic District Carversville Historic District is a national historic district located at Carversville , Solebury Township , Bucks County , Pennsylvania . The district includes 57 contributing buildings in the village of Carversville . The buildings include notable examples of the Late Victorian and Federal styles . Notable buildings are the Overpeck Homestead ( c. 1703-1716 ) , Fred Clark Art Museum ( 1873 ) , and Carversville Christian Church ( 1866 ) .   It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 .

negative: Bergen Generating Station Bergen Generating Station is a power plant owned and operated by Public Service Electric and Gas Company ( PSE&G ) . It located on the banks of Overpeck Creek near its confluence with the Hackensack River in Ridgefield in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States . Within the New Jersey Meadowlands District , it is adjacent to the Little Ferry Yard .   The plant supplies electricity to New Jersey and via the Hudson Project to New York City .   In 2012 the plant was the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases in the state .

negative: List of power stations in Denmark This is a list of fuel-burn power stations in Denmark ; fuel types are fossil or biomass .

negative: Chafing fuel Chafing fuel is a fuel used for heating food , typically placed under a chafing dish . It is usually sold in a small canister and burned directly within that canister , with or without a wick .   The fuel often contains methanol , ethanol , or diethylene glycol , as these may be burned safely indoors , and produce minimal soot or odor . These fuels are also used for emergency heating , outdoor cooking , and fondue .

negative: Airborne fraction The airborne fraction is a scaling factor defined as the ratio of the annual increase in atmospheric to the emissions from anthropogenic sources . It represents the proportion of human emitted that remains in the atmosphere . The fraction averages about 45 % , meaning that approximately half the human-emitted is absorbed by ocean and land surfaces . There is some evidence for a recent increase in airborne fraction , which would imply a faster increase in atmospheric for a given rate of human fossil-fuel burning . However , other sources suggest that the `` fraction of carbon dioxide has not increased either during the past 150 years or during the most recent five decades '' .   Changes in carbon sinks can affect the airborne fraction .

negative: Teaneck Creek Conservancy The Teaneck Creek Conservancy is an 46 acre eco-art park located in Bergen County , New Jersey . It is part of the Bergen County Park system independently managed by the member-supported , non-profit incorporation of the Teaneck Creek Conservancy . The park contains 1.4 miles of groomed trails and exhibits both permanent and ephemeral eco-art throughout the year . The conservancy operates art and environmental programs for the local community .   The namesake of the Conservancy is the Teaneck Creek , which flows through the park and into the Overpeck Creek .

negative: Flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion Flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion refers to the combustion-product gas resulting from the burning of fossil fuels . Most fossil fuels are combusted with ambient air ( as differentiated from combustion with pure oxygen ) . Since ambient air contains about 79 volume percent gaseous nitrogen ( N2 ) , which is essentially non-combustible , the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion is uncombusted nitrogen . Carbon dioxide , the next largest part of flue gas , can be as much as 10 − 25 volume percent or more of the flue gas . This is closely followed in volume by water vapor ( H2O ) created by the combustion of the hydrogen in the fuel with atmospheric oxygen . Much of the ` smoke ' seen pouring from flue gas stacks is this water vapor forming a cloud as it contacts cool air .   A typical flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuels contains very small amounts of nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) , sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) and particulate matter . The nitrogen oxides are derived from the nitrogen in the ambient air as well as from any nitrogen-containing compounds in the fossil fuel . The sulfur dioxide is derived from any sulfur-containing compounds in the fuels . The particulate matter is composed of very small particles of solid materials and very small liquid droplets which give flue gases their smoky appearance .   The steam generators in large power plants and the process furnaces in large refineries , petrochemical and chemical plants , and incinerators burn considerable amounts of fossil fuels and therefore emit large amounts of flue gas to the ambient atmosphere . The table below presents the total amounts of flue gas typically generated by the burning of fossil fuels such as natural gas , fuel oil and coal . The data were obtained by stoichiometric  calculations .   It is of interest to note that the total amount of flue gas generated by coal combustion is only 10 percent higher than the flue gas generated by natural-gas combustion .   Note : m ³ are standard cubic meters at 0 ° C and 101.325 kPa , and scf is standard cubic feet at 60 ° F and 14.696 psia .

negative: List of coal fired power stations in Australia These fossil fuel power stations burn coal to power steam turbines that generate some or all of the electricity they produce .

negative: Kenya Ceramic Jiko The Kenya Ceramic Jiko is a portable , charcoal-burning stove used for cooking , found primarily in urban homes in Kenya . It was developed through the collaboration of both local and international groups , to reduce fuel consumption .

negative: Overpeck Creek Overpeck Creek is a tributary of the Hackensack River , approximately 8 miles ( 13 km ) long , in Bergen County in northeastern New Jersey in the United States . The lower broad mouth of the creek is part of the extended tidal estuary of the lower Hackensack and of the adjacent wetland region known as the New Jersey Meadowlands .   The upper creek flows through suburban communities west of New York City . The creek rises in Tenafly , on the west side of the Palisades , approximately 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) from the Hudson River . It flows south-southwest through Englewood , past Teaneck , Leonia , and Palisades Park , where it flows past the Overpeck County Park . It joins the Hackensack on the south side of Ridgefield Park and the east side of Little Ferry .   Although the creek is theoretically navigable , the mouth of the creek is blocked by the two bridges of the CSX River Line and NYS&W railroads . Federal law requires that these bridges be opened to water traffic on 24 hours notice . The NYS&W bridge can still be opened manually , but the CSX bridge has been inoperable since being rebuilt in 2002 , rendering the owning railroad liable to a fine of $ 25,000 per incident .   In colonial times , the creek was called `` Tantaqua '' and was the site of a Hackensack ( Native Americans ) village . An attempted European settlement , Achter Col , in 1642 was aborted after Lenape retaliations for the Pavonia Massacre . Later 17th and 18th century settlements were collectively known as the English Neighborhood . The creek lay along the main land route west of the Hudson and provided a consistently difficult barrier for transportation in the area until the construction of modern roads and bridges in the 19th century . Development of the region was facilitated by the West Shore Railroad and the Northern Branch , latter of which partially runs parallel to the creek . Restoration of rail service is the object of the Northern Branch Corridor Project .   Like the other tributaries of the Hackensack in the Meadowlands , the creek has suffered from severe pollution in the 20th century during the era of heavy industrialization . During the 1950s , tide gates were installed on the creek that largely cut off the tidal flow into the surrounding wetlands . The restoration of the surrounding wetlands has been an ongoing project of several state and private agencies .

negative: Clean-burning stove A clean-burning stove is a stove with reduced toxic emissions . The term commonly refers to wood-burning stoves for domestic heating , although it is also applied to cooking stoves . It is distinct from a clean-burning-fuel stove , which typically burns clean fuels such as ethanol , biogas , LPG , or kerosene . Studies into clean-burning stoves have shown that they reduce the emissions of dangerous particulates and carbon monoxide significantly , use less fuel than regular stoves , and result in fewer burn injuries . However , the emissions they produce are still much greater than the safe limits , and they do not appear to be effective at reducing illnesses such as pneumonia induced by breathing polluted air , which may have many sources .

negative: Jonathan Cook Jonathan Cook ( born 1965 ) is a British writer and a freelance journalist based in Nazareth , Israel , who writes about the Middle East , and more specifically , the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict .

negative: Ridgefield Park, New Jersey Ridgefield Park is a village in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States . as of the 2010 United States Census , the village 's population was 12,729 , reflecting a decline of 144 ( -1.1 % ) from the 12,873 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 419 ( +3.4 % ) from the 12,454 counted in the 1990 Census . Of 565 municipalities statewide , Ridgefield Park is one of only four with a village type of government in New Jersey , though it operates a Walsh Act ( City Commission ) form of government . Of the four New Jersey villages , only Loch Arbour had retained the village form of government , while Ridgewood operates under the Council-Manager form and the Township of South Orange Village operates under a Special Charter form with many characteristics of village government .   Ridgefield Park was formed as a village on June 15 , 1892 , within Ridgefield Township , based on the results of a referendum passed on June 6 , 1892 . Overpeck Township was formed on March 23 , 1897 , to be coextensive with Ridgefield Park village , and was created within Ridgefield Township for the purpose of administering a Board of Education . Portions of the village gained in both 1921 and 1926 were taken from Bogota and Teaneck . On May 31 , 1938 , Overpeck Township became Ridgefield Park Township . The village was named for the area 's terrain .   The village 's Fourth of July Parade , first established in 1894 , is said to be the longest continuously celebrated such event in New Jersey and one of the oldest in the country . The village eliminated its July 4 fireworks in 2009 , citing the $ 50,000 cost in the face of the difficult economy , but committed to retain its parade .

negative: Stove A stove is an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to provide heating , either to heat the space in which the stove is situated , or to heat the stove itself and items placed on it . This article is principally concerned with enclosed stoves burning solid fuels for room heating . A kitchen stove is used to cook food . A wood-burning stove or a coal stove is typically used for heating a dwelling . Enclosed stoves are more efficient and prevents air from being sucked from the room into the chimney .   Due to concerns about air pollution , efforts have been made to improve stove design . Pellet stoves , for example are a type of clean-burning stove . Air-tight stoves more completely combust wood and eliminate polluting combustion products . In the U.S. since 1992 , all wood stoves being manufactured must limit particulate emission .

negative: Coal (disambiguation) Coal 's primary meaning is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of carbon and used as a fossil fuel .   It may also refer to :

negative: Fossil Fuel Levy The Fossil Fuel Levy ( FFL ) is a levy paid by suppliers of electricity from non-renewable energy sources in the United Kingdom . The costs are shared by the suppliers and consumers , as a proportion of the cost is passed on to consumers in the cost of the electricity supplied . The Fossil Fuel Levy was imposed to fund the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation .

negative: Rocket stove A rocket stove is an efficient and hot burning stove using small-diameter wood fuel . Fuel is burned in a simple combustion chamber containing an insulated vertical chimney , which ensures almost complete combustion prior to the flames ' reaching the cooking surface . It uses the same principle as the Dakota fire pit . Rocket stove designs are most often used for portable stoves for cooking but the design is also used to make rocket mass heaters for heating .   Like the beverage-can stove , it is made from found materials , but generally uses wood rather than alcohol .   In field tests in India , rocket stoves used 18 to 35 per cent less fuel compared to the traditional stoves and reduced fuel used 39-47 per cent compared to the three-stone fire , as well as a large reduction in emissions .   A precursor of the rocket stove was the Argand lamp . The idea has been commercialized as the Kelly Kettle and the InStove .

negative: Ancient filipino diet and health Ancient diet is mainly determined by food 's accessibility which involves location , geography and climate while ancient health is affected by food consumption apart from external factors such as diseases and plagues . There are still a lot of doubt about this ancient diet due to lack of evidence . Similar to what Anthropologist Amanda Henry has said , there are a lot of time periods in the human history but there are only theories to answer questions on what people actually ate back then . Only recently have they discovered traces in what was left of these people .

negative: Thermoelectric battery A thermoelectric battery stores energy when charged by converting heat into chemical energy and produces electricity when discharged . Such systems potentially offer an alternative means of disposing of waste heat from plants that burn fossil fuels and/or nuclear energy .

negative: Tire-derived fuel Tire-derived fuel ( TDF ) is composed of shredded scrap tires . Tires may be mixed with coal or other fuels , such as wood or chemical wastes , to be burned in concrete kilns , power plants , or paper mills . An EPA test program concluded that , with the exception of zinc emissions , potential emissions from TDF are not expected to be very much different from other conventional fossil fuels , as long as combustion occurs in a well-designed , well-operated  and well-maintained combustion device .

negative: Peak fossil fuel Peak fossil fuel may refer to :  Peak fossil fuel production ; see Hubbert peak theory #Hubbert curve .  Peak coal .  Peak gas .  Peak oil .

negative: Oil (disambiguation) Oil is any of a number of nonpolar , hydrophobic , and viscous liquids .   Oil most often refers to :  Petroleum ( crude oil ) , naturally occurring liquid found beneath the Earth 's surface , or a derived product :  Fuel oil , liquid fuel burned for heat or power  Heating oil , liquid fuel used for building furnaces or boilers  Lubricant , a substance that reduces friction between surfaces  Lubrication , the process of using a lubricant to reduce friction between surfaces  Motor oil , any of various lubricants used in internal combustion engines  Cooking oil , a fat used in cooking , baking , and other food preparation  Big Oil , a name used to collectively describe major oil corporations

negative: Field Station: Dinosaurs Field Station : Dinosaurs is an outdoor prehistoric theme park located in Overpeck County Park in Leonia , New Jersey . Opened in 2012 , the park was previously located on Snake Hill in Secaucus , New Jersey . The park is designed for families with children between the ages of three and eleven . The exhibition features a walking tour with 32 full-size animatronic dinosaurs , along with interactive exhibits and live shows designed to educate children about dinosaurs within the context of the local ecosystem . It opened in 2012 under president and chief executive producer , Guy Gsell , a lifelong dinosaur enthusiast . In 2012 it was named Best Local Theme Park by Time Out New York and in 2013 Field Station : Dinosaurs was named the second best dinosaur theme park in the world . Fodor 's named Field Station : Dinosaurs one of the World 's Best Spots for Dinosaur Lovers on March 6 , 2014 .

negative: The Planet of Doubt `` The Planet of Doubt '' is a science fiction short story by Stanley G. Weinbaum that was first published in the October 1935 issue of Astounding Stories . It is Weinbaum 's third story featuring Hamilton Hammond and Patricia Burlingame , a sequel to `` Parasite Planet '' and `` The Lotus Eaters '' .

negative: Fuel poverty A household is said to be in fuel poverty when its members can not afford to keep adequately warm at reasonable cost , given their income . The term is mainly used in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , although discussions on fuel poverty are increasing across Europe , and the concept also applies everywhere in the world where poverty may be present .

negative: Jonathan Oppenheim (film editor) Jonathan Louis Oppenheim ( born November 10 , 1952 ) is an American film and television editor and producer . The son of Judy Holliday , an actress , and David Oppenheim , a clarinetist and television producer , he has mainly been employed on documentary films . Oppenheim is noted for his work on The Oath ( 2010 ) and Paris Is Burning ( 1990 ) .