query: what languages do they speak in afghanistan

positive: Adurgari Adurgari (ادرغارى) is a secret cant of the nomadic Shaikh Mohammadi tribe of peddlers of Afghanistan, used especially in the presence of outsiders. It is not a native language but is taught to children around age seven; all adults speak it in addition to Persian and Pashto.  It contains a mixture of words, but resembles Kohistani of Pakistan.

positive: Afghan proverbs Across Afghanistan, proverbs are a valued part of speaking, both publicly and in conversations. Afghans “use proverbs in their daily conversations far more than Westerners do, and with greater effect” (Edward Zellem 2012b: i).The most extensive proverb collections in Afghan languages are in Dari and Pashto, the two largest languages in Afghanistan. The Dari language is very similar to Persian spoken in Iran and Tajik spoken in nearby Tajikistan.

positive: Afghanistan Afghanistan /æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast.

positive: Dari language Dari (Persian: دری [dæˈɾiː]) or Dari Persian (Persian: فارسی دری [fɒːɾsije dæˈɾiː]) is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the term officially recognized and promoted since 1964 by the Afghan government for the Persian language. Hence, it is also known as Afghan Persian in many Western sources.As defined in the Constitution of Afghanistan, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan; the other is Pashto.

positive: Demographics of Afghanistan The population of Afghanistan is around 32 million as of 2015, which includes the 2.7 million Afghans citizens that are residing temporarily in Pakistan and Iran. The nation is composed of a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society, reflecting its location astride historic trade and invasion routes between Central Asia, Southern Asia, and Western Asia.

positive: Farsiwan Fārsīwān (Pashto: فارسیوان; or its regional forms: Pārsīwān or Pārsībān; "Persian-speaker") is a designation for Persian-speakers in Pakistan and Afghanistan. More specifically, it is used to refer to a distinct group of farmers in Afghanistan  and urban dwellers who are a subgroups of the Tajiks of Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The term excludes the Hazāra and Aymāq tribes who also speak dialects of Persian, but are generally believed to be distinct from the Tajiks.

positive: Hazaras The Hazaras (Persian: هزاره) are a Persian-speaking people who mainly live in central Afghanistan and Hazara Town in Balochistan, Pakistan. They are overwhelmingly Twelver Shia Muslims and make up the third largest ethnic group in Afghanistan.The dialect of Persian which they speak is called Hazaragi, which is more precisely a part of the Dari dialect continuum (one of the two main languages of Afghanistan), and is mutually intelligble with Dari.

positive: Hindki Hindki (Pashto: هندکي) is the name given to an ethnic group who inhabit Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan. They are found all over the country. H. W. Bellew, in his Races of Afghanistan, estimated their number at about 300,000. The name Hindki is also loosely used by Pathans on the upper Indus, in Dir and Bajour, to denote the speakers of Punjabi or any of its dialects.

positive: Kho people The Kho people (Khowar: کھو), also known as Chitralis (چترالي), are the Dardic ethnic group of the people of Northern  Pakistan and Afghanistan. They speak the Khowar language, one of the Dardic languages, also known as Chitrali.

positive: Languages of Afghanistan Afghanistan is a multilingual country in which two languages – Pashto and Dari – are both official and most widely spoken. Dari is the official name of the Persian language in Afghanistan, it is often referred to as the Afghan Persian. Both Pashto and Persian are Indo-European languages from the Iranian languages sub-family.

positive: Moghol people The Moghols (Mogul, Mongul) are descendants of the Mongol Empire's soldiers in Afghanistan.  They live in the Kundur and Karez-i-Mulla villages of Herat province and speak the Mogholi language. The Moghols sometimes call themselves "Shahjahan", because they joined the Shah Jahan king's army of the Mughal Empire.

positive: Munji language The Munji language, also Munjani language, is a Pamir language spoken in Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan. It is similar to the Yidgha language which is spoken in the Upper Lutkuh Valley of Chitral, west of Garam Chishma in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.The Garam Chishma area became important during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan because the Soviets were unable to stop the flow of arms and men back and forth across the Dorah Pass that separates Chitral from Badakshan in Afghanistan.

positive: Pashayi people Pashayi or Pashai are a Dardic ethno-linguistic group living primarily in eastern Afghanistan. Their total population is estimated to be 500,000. They are mainly concentrated in the northern parts of Laghman, Nangarhar, Kunar, Kapisa, Kabul,  Baghlan, Nuristan, and also in Ghazni. Some believe the Pashai are descendants of ancient Gāndhārī. Many Pashai consider themselves Pashtuns speaking a special language, and many are bilingual in Pashto.

positive: Pashto The Pashtun language, Pashto (پښتو Pax̌tō IPA: [ˈpəʂt̪oː, ˈpəçt̪oː, ˈpʊxt̪oː]; alternatively spelled Pakhto), also known in older literature as Afghānī (افغاني) or Paṭhānī, is an Eastern Iranian language, belonging to the Indo-European family. Pashto is the native language of the Pashtun people of South-Central Asia. It is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan and is also the second-largest regional language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken in the west and northwest of the country.

positive: Persian language Persian (/ˈpɜrʒən/ or /ˈpɜrʃən/), also known by its endonym Farsi or Parsi (English: /ˈfɑrsiː/; Persian: فارسی fārsi [fɒːɾˈsiː]), is the predominant modern descendant of Old Persian, a southwestern Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.

positive: Sasooli Sasooli is a Brahui tribe in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are ethnically Brahui. Baloch living in Balochistan and Sindh Speak Brahui and Balochi.

positive: Taymani The Taymani are a Persian speaking Aymāq tribe in west central Afghanistan, related to Tajiks and Hazaras. However, some southern groups of Taymani have adopted Kandahari Pashtun language and culture.Taymani usually deny they are Aymaq and feel affinity with Pashtuns, although their Pashtun neighbors identify them as Aymaq.

positive: Tregami language Tregami (Trigami), or Katar Gambiri, is a language spoken in the villages of Gambir, Kaṭâr, and Devoz in the Tregâm Valley off the lower Pech River in the Watapur District of Kunar Province in Afghanistan. The area is in the Hindu Kush along the border with Pakistan. Tregami belongs to the Nuristani group of the Indo-Iranian language family. It is spoken by approximately 3,500 people (2011).

negative: Afghan Canadian Afghan Canadians are Canadians with ancestry from Afghanistan. Their ethnic origin may come from any of the ethnic groups of Afghanistan. In the Canada 2001 Census about 25,230 Canadians were from Afghanistan. The former Minister of Foreign Affairs Bill Graham has recently said there are about 80,000 people from Afghanistan in Canada.

negative: Afghan National Army The Afghan National Army (ANA) is the main branch of the Afghan Armed Forces, which is being trained and advised by NATO's Resolute Support Mission. The ANA is under the Afghan Ministry of Defense in Kabul, responsible for ground warfare. It is divided into six regional Corps, with the 201st in Kabul followed by the 203rd in Gardez, 205th in Kandahar, 207th in Herat, 209th in Mazar-i-Sharif and the 215th in Lashkar Gah.

negative: Afghan presidential election, 2014 Presidential elections were held in Afghanistan on 5 April 2014, with a second round held on 14 June. Incumbent President Hamid Karzai was not eligible to run due to term limits. The registration period for presidential nominations was open from 16 September 2013 until 6 October 2013. A total of 27 candidates were confirmed to be running for office. However, on 22 October Afghanistan’s Independent Election Commission disqualified 16 of the candidates, leaving only 11 in the race.

negative: Ahmed Wali Karzai Ahmed Wali Karzai (Pashto: احمد ولي کرزی, Aḥmad Walī Karzay, 1961 – 12 July 2011) was a politician in Afghanistan who served as Chairman of the Kandahar Provincial Council from 2005 until his death. He was the younger paternal half-brother of former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and an elder of the Popalzai tribe. Wali Karzai formerly lived in the United States where he managed a restaurant owned by his family.

negative: Aimaq people The Aimaq (Persian: ایماق), also transliterated as Aimak or Aymaq, are a collection of Persian-speaking nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes. Aimaqs are found mostly throughout Pakistan mostly in the Kyber and Balochistan region and in the West Central highlands of Afghanistan, immediately to the north of Herat, and also to a much lesser amount in the Khorasan Province of Iran.

negative: Baloch people The Baloch or Baluch (Balochi: بلوچ) are a people who live mainly in the Balochistan region of the southeastern-most edge of the Iranian plateau in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan.They are an Iranian people who mainly speak the Balochi language, a branch of Northwestern Iranian languages. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in East Balochistan, a western province of Pakistan; 40% Baloch are settled in Sindh; and a significant number of Baloch people in South Punjab of Pakistan.

negative: Battle of Dahaneh The Battle of Dahaneh was a battle in the town of Dahaneh, Helmand Province, and its surrounding areas as part of the Afghanistan War. It began when U.S. and Afghan troops launched an Operation to capture the town from the Taliban, in the Helmand Province of Southern Afghanistan. Coalition troops met heavy resistance, and believe the Taliban were forewarned of the incoming attack, though they were successful in securing Dahaneh.

negative: Battle of Now Zad The Battle of Now Zad is an ongoing battle since 2006 between ISAF coalition forces and Taliban insurgents in Nawzad at the center of Nawzad district, in the northern half of Helmand Province, southern Afghanistan.It was considered to be an example of why the U.S.

negative: Bayat (tribe) The Bayat  tribe (Azerbaijani: Bayat tayfası, Turkish: Bayat boyu) is one of the Oghuz tribes in Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria. When Oghuz Turks started to migrate from the Aral steppes to Khorasan in the 11th and 13th centuries, Bayat people spread throughout the region. They are sub-ethnic groups of Turkmens, Turkish and Azerbaijanis.

negative: Beluch Beluch or the Baloch of Turkmenistan are a small part of the greater  Baloch people who live primarily in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan.  They immigrated into the Merv and the Murghab River inland delta from  the areas west and north of Herat, Afghanistan and Iran in the mid 19th century.

negative: Buruuli Buruuli (Place) is a general term for the area where Baruuli live. They speak a language known as "Luluuli"It is a semi desert area where Lake Kyoga is their main source of food, employment and wealth. The baruuli are Bantu speaking people who live in the district of Nakasongola and some are in Bugerere Kayunga District.

negative: Cangin languages The Cangin [ˈtʃaŋin] languages are spoken by 200,000 people (as of 2007) in a small area east of Dakar. They are the languages spoken by the Serer people who do not speak the Serer language (Serer-Sine). Because the people are ethnically Serer, the Cangin languages are commonly thought to be dialects of the Serer language.

negative: Central Asian Arabic Central Asian Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, and currently facing extinction. It was once spoken among Central Asia's numerous settled and nomadic Arab communities, which inhabited areas in Samarqand, Bukhara, Qashqadarya, Surkhandarya (present-day Uzbekistan), and Khatlon (present-day Tajikistan), as well as Afghanistan.

negative: Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) In 1996 the Taliban captured the Afghan capital Kabul and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The Islamic State of Afghanistan government remained the internationally recognized government of Afghanistan. The Taliban's Emirate received recognition only from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates. The defense minister of the Islamic State of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, created the United Front (Northern Alliance) in opposition to the Taliban.

negative: Community of Portuguese Language Countries The Community of Portuguese Language Countries or Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, pronounced: [kumuniˈðaðɨ ðuʃ pɐˈizɨʒ ðɨ ˈɫĩɡwɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ] (EP), [komuniˈdadʒi dus paˈiziz dʒi ˈlĩɡwɐ poʁtuˈɡezɐ] (BP); abbreviated as CPLP) is the intergovernmental organization for friendship and cooperation among lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) nations, where Portuguese is an official language.

negative: Damages (season 4) The fourth season of the legal drama series Damages premiered on the Audience Network, an entertainment channel owned by DirecTV, on July 13, 2011 and concluded on September 14, 2011. The season featured 10 episodes, bringing the series total to 49. The fourth season was released on DVD in region 1 on June 26, 2012.The fourth season takes place three years after the Tobin case. Ellen has moved on with her life.

negative: Dardistan Dardistan (Perso-Arabic: داردستان) is a term coined by Gottlieb William Leitner for the  northern Pakistan, Kashmir  and parts of north-eastern Afghanistan. It is inhabited by Dards speaking Dardic languages.Dardistān,  region inhabited by the so-called Dard peoples in the north of Pakistan and northern Kashmir. It includes Chitrāl, the upper reaches of the Panjkora River, the Kohistān (highland) of Swāt, and the upper portions of the Gilgit Agency.

negative: Delhi Sultanate literature The rise of Persian speaking people (of  Turkic and Afghan origin) to the throne naturally resulted in the spread of the foreign language they adopted, namely Persian language, in India. It was the official language and soon literary works in the language began to appear. Initially the Persian literature talked about topics foreign to India. Gradually however as more Indians learnt the language, the literary works began to have a more Indian theme.

negative: Extra Credit Extra Credit is a 2009 children's novel written by Andrew Clements. The work was first published on June 23, 2009 through Simon and Schuster and follows a young schoolgirl who is given the option of receiving extra credit by writing to an overseas pen pal in a small Afghanistan village. The book won a Christopher Award for Books for Young People in 2010. It isn’t that Abby Carson can’t do her schoolwork, she just doesn’t like doing it, and in February a warning letter arrives at her home.

negative: Foreign relations of Afghanistan Foreign relations of Afghanistan are handled by the nation's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which is headed by Salahuddin Rabbani. He answers to, and receives guidance from, the President of Afghanistan, Ashraf Ghani.The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has close and friendly relations with a number of countries around the world, including: Turkey, United States, Japan, Germany, Spain, South Korea, Italy, India, China, Canada, Russia, United Arab Emirates and many others.

negative: German-speaking Community of Belgium The German-speaking Community of Belgium (German: Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft Belgiens [ˈdɔʏ̯tʃˌʃpʁaːxɪɡə ɡəˈmaɪ̯nʃaft ˈbɛlɡi̯əns], DG; French: Communauté germanophone de Belgique; Dutch: Duitstalige Gemeenschap België [ˈdœy̯tsˌtaːlɪɣə ɣəˈmeːnˌsxɑp ˈbɛlɣijə]) is one of the three federal communities of Belgium.

negative: Glossary of language education terms Language teaching, like other educational activities, may employ specialized vocabulary and word use. This list is a glossary for English language learning and teaching using the communicative approach.'== Glossary ==AccuracyProducing language with few errors.Achievement testA test to measure what students have learned or achieved from a program of study; should be part of every language program and be specific to the goals and objectives of a specific language course.

negative: Gulf Arabic Gulf Arabic (خليجي Khalījī local pronunciation: [χɐˈliːdʒi] or اللهجة الخليجية el-lahja el-Khalijiyya local pronunciation: [elˈlɑhdʒɐ lχɐˈliːdʒɪj.jɐ]) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, eastern Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iran and northern Oman. These dialects are mutually intelligible.Gulf dialects differ in vocabulary, grammar and accent.

negative: Gurjar Gurjar or Gujjar is a pastoral agricultural ethnic group with populations in India and Pakistan and a small number in northeastern Afghanistan. Alternative spellings include Gurjara, Gojar,  Gūjar, Gurjjara, and Gūrjara. Although they are able to speak the language of the country where they live, Gurjars have their own language, known as Gujari. Religiously, they are Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs.The Gurjars are now classified under the Other Backward Class (OBC) category in some states in India.

negative: Hindkowans Hindkowans (Urdu: هِندکوان) are a linguistic group of people native to the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pothohar Plateau and Azad Kashmir regions. Hindkowans have mixed origins and almost all speak Hindko, an Indo-Aryan language. They were originally settled in the northern regions of Pakistan primarily concentrated near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. At present, Hindkowans mainly inhabit Peshawar,  Nowshera, Swabi, Mansehra, Abbottabad, Haripur and Attock.

negative: Irish language Irish (Gaeilge), sometimes referred to as Gaelic or Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Irish is spoken as a first language by a small minority of Irish people, and as a second language by a rather larger group. Irish enjoys constitutional status as the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland, and is an officially recognised minority language in Northern Ireland.

negative: Joanna Harcourt-Smith Joanna Harcourt-Smith was born in 1946 in Switzerland. She speaks a total of five languages, speaking three very well and two well enough to build relationships. Harcourt-Smith currently resides in Santa Fe, New Mexico.Harcourt-Smith has written two unpublished biographies and many poems She is also the author of Tripping the Bardo with Timothy Leary: My Psychedelic Love Story.

negative: Kalash people The Kalasha (Kalasha: Kaĺaśa, Nuristani: Kasivo) or Kalash, are a Dardic indigenous people residing in the Chitral District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language, from the Dardic family of the Indo-Iranian branch, and are considered a unique tribe among the Indo-Iranian peoples of Pakistan.The neighboring Nuristani people of the adjacent Nuristan (historically known as Kafiristan) province of Afghanistan once practiced the same religion as the Kalash.

negative: Karakalpak language Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), as well as by Bashkirs and Nogay. Ethnic Karakalpaks who live in the viloyatlar of Uzbekistan tend to speak local Uzbek dialects.

negative: Katuic languages The fifteen Katuic languages form a branch of the Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 1.3 million people in Southeast Asia. People who speak Katuic languages are called the Katuic peoples. Paul Sidwell is the leading specialist on the Katuic languages. He notes that Austroasiatic/Mon–Khmer languages are lexically more similar to Katuic and Bahnaric the closer they are geographically. He says this geographic similarity is independent of which branch of the family each language belongs to.

negative: Khalaj people The Khalaj people are a Turkic people that speak the Khalaj language, which is thought to be one of the closest languages to Old Turkic.According to Mahmud al-Kashgari, they were mentioned at Divânu "ügati't-Türk:\Twenty twos call them "Kal aç" in Turkish. This means "Stay hungry". Later, they were called "Xalac". Their origins are these.""Oguzs and Kipchaks translate "x" to k". They are a group of "Xalac"s. They say "xızım", whereas Turks say "kızım" (my daughter).

negative: Languages of Brazil Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is spoken by more than 99% of the population. Minority languages include indigenous languages, and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous.

negative: Languages of Colombia More than 99.2% of Colombians speak the Spanish language; also 65 Amerindian languages, 2 Creole languages and the romani language are spoken in the country. English has official status in the San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands.The overwhelming majority of Colombians speak Spanish (see also Colombian Spanish), but in total 101 languages are listed for Colombia in the Ethnologue database.

negative: Languages of Malta Malta has two official languages: Maltese and English. Maltese is also the national language. Until 1934 Italian was also an official language in Malta.Having been governed by many different countries in the past, the Maltese population carry linguistic imprints from many places. According to the Eurobarometer poll, 98% of Maltese people can speak Maltese, 88% can speak English, 66% can speak Italian, and more than 17% speak French.

negative: Languages of South Africa There are eleven official languages of South Africa: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu.  Fewer than two percent of South Africans speak a first language other than an official one. Most South Africans can speak more than one language.  Dutch and English were the first official languages of South Africa from 1910 to 1925.

negative: List of Afghan submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Afghanistan has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2002, following the fall of the country's previous Taliban government. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue.

negative: List of territorial entities where German is an official language The following is a list of the territorial entities where German is an official language. It includes countries, which have German as (one of) their nationwide official language(s), as well as dependent territories with German as a co-official language.

negative: Matanivanua Matanivanua is the name of a Fijian Mataqali (clan). The Fijian word means "ambassador of the land". This clan are renowned to be eloquent and articulate in the skill of speaking on behalf of the land and their chief. When a chiefly presentation of a sevusevu is performed only they can do it. They speak on behalf of the chief and all in his or her chiefdom.

negative: Maywand District murders The Maywand District killings was the murder of at least 3 Afghans  perpetrated by a group of rogue U.S. Army soldiers in 2010, during the War in Afghanistan. The soldiers, who referred to themselves as the "Kill Team", were members of the 3rd Platoon, Bravo Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment 5th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division.

negative: Mer people The Mer are a Hindu community belonging to the Saurashtra region of Gujarat an Indian state. They are also called as Maher or Mehar. They speak the Gujarati language. They are based in the Porbandar, Ranavav and Kutiyana talukas of Porbandar district. They are an endogamous group sub-divided into 14 exogamous lineages. The women of this community do not suffer female seclusion norms. They are a predominantly agricultural community.

negative: Mofu Mofu is a designation for various ethnic groups and languages they speak which are located in northern Cameroon, near the border with Nigeria. The Mofu live in the Mandara Mountains of Cameroon's Far North Province.Some of these groups accept the name “Mofu”, for example the Mofu-Duvangar, Mofu-Durum, Mofu-Wazang, Mofu-Meri and the Mofu-Gudur. Others do not use the appellation “Mofu”. They simply say they are Zulgo, Gemjek, Mbuko, Moloko.

negative: Moghol language Moghol (or Mogholi) is a Mongolic language once spoken in the region of Herat, Afghanistan, in the villages of Kundur and Karez-i-Mulla. The speakers were the Moghol people, who numbered 3,000 members in the 1970s.  They descend from the remnants of Genghis Khan's Mongol army stationed in Afghanistan in the 13th century.In the 1970s, when the German scholar Michael Weiers did fieldwork on the language, few people spoke it, most knew it passively and most were older than 40.

negative: Mohammad Hassani The Mohammad Hassani (Urdu: ممسني ،محمدحسنی;کیازئی) (also known as Muhammad Hassani, Kiazai or Mamasanis) are a large Baloch tribe, living in the districts of Chagai, Kharan, Dalbandin, Washuk, Kalat, Awaran, Khuzdar, Quetta, Nushki, Mastung, Panjgur and Makran in Pakistan. There are also reputed to be members of the tribe living in various parts of Afghanistan, and Iraq. They speak several languages including Balochi, Brahui, and Urdu.

negative: Mohammed Daud Daud Mohammed Daud Daud (Persian: محمد داود داود) (January 1969 – 28 May 2011), also known as General Daud Daud, an ethnic Tajik, was the police chief in northern Afghanistan and the commander of the 303 Pamir Corps. He was an opponent of the Afghan Taliban.Daud studied engineering in college.  After graduating from college in the 1980s he joined the forces of Ahmad Shah Massoud against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

negative: Nizamani Nizamani (Balochi:  نظامانی )  is a Baloch  tribe located in Sindh, Balochistan and Punjab in Pakistan. Nizamani tribe migrated from Balochistan to Dera Ghazi Khan then from Multan to Sindh.  Nizamani is a clan of Baloch tribe and are the descendents of Nizam Khan. In addition to being considered a great saint, Nizam Khan was also a mystic sufi poet of his time. Nizam Khan had five sons from whom the Nizamani tribe is descended. His grave is in Dera Ghazi Khan in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

negative: Nuristanis The Nuristanis are an Indo-Iranian-speaking ethnic group native to the Nuristan region of eastern Afghanistan and some villages in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

negative: Odual language Onu Odual (the Odual language) is a poorly studied Central Delta language spoken by the Odual community in the Abua–Odual Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The Odual community is divided into three major groups, Adibaam, Arughunya and Abureni groups. The Adibaam group comprises Adada, Emelego, Ogboloma and Okolomade; the Arughunya group comprises Ekunuga, Anyu, Emaarikpoko, Obedum and Odau, while the Abureni group comprises Akani, Amuruto and Emago-Kugbo (cf. Gardner et al.

negative: Operation Baawar Operation Baawar (Pashto for assurance), was a major Afghan-led offensive in Afghanistan west of Kandahar City.  The operation took place primarily in a sector known as the Horn of Panjwaii. The combat operation started on December 5, 2010.  Canadian troops from Task Force Kandahar, including those from the 1st Battalion Royal 22e Régiment Battle Group, worked with the Afghan National Army’s 1st Brigade of the 205th (Hero) Corps as part of the larger Operation Hamkari.

negative: Operation Karez Operation Karez was a military operation between May 13–23, 2008 involving Norwegian and German ISAF and Afghan  government forces against the Taliban as part of the war in Afghanistan.

negative: Operation Pickaxe-Handle Operation Lastay Kulang or Pickaxe Handle was a British-led NATO offensive in the southern Helmand province of Afghanistan. (The name of the operation is Pashto for "pickaxe-handle".)Lastay Kulang began on May 30 and ended on June 14, 2007, with 2000 ISAF and Afghan National Army troops taking part.

negative: Palula language Palula (also spelled Phalura, Palola, Phalulo, and also known as Ashreti (Aćharêtâʹ) or Dangarikwar, the name used by Khowar speakers), is a Dardic language spoken by approximately 10,000 people in the valleys of Ashret and Biori, as well as in the village Puri (also Purigal) in the Shishi valley, and at least by a portion of the population in the village Kalkatak, in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

negative: Parliament of the German-speaking Community The Parliament of the German-speaking Community (German: Parlament der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft or PDG) is the legislative assembly of the German-speaking Community of Belgium based in Eupen. The most important tasks of the Parliament of the German-speaking Community include the election and the supervision of the Government of the German-speaking Community, the adoption of decrees for the German-speaking Community and the preparation and adoption of the annual budget.

negative: Pashtunistan Pashtunistan (Pashto: پښتونستان, Pax̌tūnistān; also called  Pukhtunistan, or Pathanistan, meaning the "land of Pashtuns") or Greater Pashtunistan is the geographic region inhabited by the indigenous Pashtun people of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. Alternative names historically used for the region included "Afghānistān" and "Pax̌tūnkhwā" (for present Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province specifically, since at least the 3rd century CE onward).

negative: Pashtuns The Pashtuns (Pashto: پښتانه Pax̌tānə; sing. masculine: پښتون Pax̌tūn, feminine: پښتنه Pax̌tana; also Pakhtuns), historically known by the exonyms Afghans (Persian: افغان, Afğān) and Pathans (tr. from Hindustani, Paṭhān), are an ethnic group with populations in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Pashtun people are generally classified as Eastern Iranian who use Pashto language and follow Pashtunwali, which is a traditional set of ethics guiding individual and communal conduct.

negative: Persian-speaking peoples The Persian-speaking peoples constitute one of the largest Indo-European linguistic groups in the world. Populations are principally concentrated in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Republic of Azerbaijan, and western Chinese province of Xinjiang. Aimaq people Persians Tajiks Hazara Tat people (Caucasus)

negative: Persian people The Persian people (Persian: پارسیان) are an Iranian people who speak the modern Persian language and closely related Iranian dialects and languages.The term Persian translates to "from Persis" which is a region north of the Persian Gulf located in Pars, Iran.

negative: Pre-Islamic Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan Before the Islamic conquest of Afghanistan communities of various religious and ethnic background lived in the land. South of the Hindu Kush was ruled by the Zunbil and Kabul Shahi rulers. When the Chinese travellers (Faxian, Song Yun, Xuanzang, Wang-hiuon-tso, Huan-Tchao, and Wou-Kong) visited Afghanistan between 399 and 751 AD, they mentioned that Buddhism was practiced in different areas between the Amu Darya (Oxus River) in the north and the Indus River in the south.

negative: Provincial languages of Pakistan The provincial languages of Pakistan are a set of languages that are spoken and used in the five Provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit–Baltistan, and Balochistan). However, provincial languages have no official status in Pakistan, except Sindhi in Sindh, given the fact that Urdu and English are the official languages of the country. Shown below are the main languages of each the provinces: Punjab: The languages of the province of Punjab are Punjabi, English, and Urdu.

negative: Qadria Yazdanparast Qadria Ibrahim Yazdanparast (in Persian: قدریه یزدان پرست) is an Afghan politician and a commissioner at the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission.

negative: Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) (Persian:جمعیت انقلابی زنان افغانستان, Jamiyat-e Enqelābi-ye Zanān-e Afghānestān, Pashto:د افغانستان د ښڅو انقلابی جمعیت) is a women's organization based in Quetta, Pakistan, that promotes women's rights and secular democracy. It was founded in 1977 by Meena Keshwar Kamal, an Afghan student activist who was assassinated in February 1987 for her political activities.

negative: Robin Goldwasser Robin Goldwasser (born August 14 (year unknown)) is an American singer and playwright. She is a graduate of Sarah Lawrence College. She is the co-writer of the musical People Are Wrong! with Julia Greenberg. She has a character in the play, as does the producer, her husband, John Flansburgh of They Might Be Giants and Mono Puff.

negative: Rodini tribe Rodini (Balochi: بلوچ ) is  a Baloch Tribe  in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.In Pakistan they are mostly in Balochistan and some areas of Sindh(Nawab Shah, shikar poor, Hyader Abad) .

negative: Saraiki literature Saraiki literature is the literature of the Saraiki dialect of Western Punjabi Language, which is mostly spoken in central Pakistan.  The main Saraiki-speaking areas are Multan, Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Mianwali and Dera Ismail Khan.

negative: Shia Family Law Shia Family Law is a law of Afghanistan that was approved in February 2009 with Afghan President Hamid Karzai's signature. A portion of the law pertaining to sexual relations between husband and wife has made international headlines. The United Nations Development Fund for Women,  NATO, Canada, United States, Germany and other nations have come forward asking for a review of the law as it is felt that it oppresses Shiite women, taking away many of their rights in a marital relationship.

negative: Siege of Sangin The Siege of Sangin was a British-led military operation that lasted between June 2006 and April 2007, during which time Taliban insurgents besieged the district centre of Sangin District in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, occupied by British ISAF soldiers. During the siege, fighting became intensive, causing General David J. Richards, the NATO commander in Afghanistan, to declare that Helmand province had seen the fiercest fighting involving British troops since the Korean War.

negative: South Asian ethnic groups The ethno-linguistic composition of the population of South Asia, that is the nations of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka is highly diverse. The majority of the population fall within two large linguistic groups, Indo-Aryan and Dravidian.

negative: Sport in Afghanistan The sports in Afghanistan are managed by the Afghan Sports Federation, which promotes cricket, football, basketball, volleyball, golf, handball, boxing, taekwondo, weightlifting, bodybuilding, track and field, skating, bowling, snooker, chess, and other sports. At the moment, cricket and football are the two most popular sports in Afghanistan.

negative: Status of the Irish language Irish is a main household and/or community language for approximately 1% of the population of the Republic of Ireland (the population of the Republic of Ireland shown to be 4,581,269 in the 2011 census).The 2011 census in Northern Ireland showed that over 10% of people spoke Irish or had "some ability in Irish" (see Irish language in Northern Ireland). At least one in three people (~1.8 million) on the island of Ireland can understand Irish to some extent.

negative: Syed Gulam Farooq Mirranay Dr. Syed Ghulam Farooq Mirranay was born in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan in 1950.  Dr. Syed Ghulam Farooq Mirranay is a prominent and senior member of the Afghan Social Democratic Party (Afghan Mellat) and an elected member of the House of the People ) from 2005 – 2010.  Dr. Mirranay is the official spokesperson for the Afghan Mellat Party and speaks both official Afghanistan languages, Pashto and Dari, as well as English.Dr.

negative: Tajiks Tajik (Dari: تاجيک: Tājīk , Tajik: Тоҷик) is a general designation for a wide range of Persian-speaking people of Iranian origin, with traditional homelands in present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. As a self-designation, the term Tajik, which earlier on had been more or less pejorative, has become acceptable only during the last several decades, particularly as a result of Soviet administration in Central Asia.

negative: The Myth of Mars and Venus The Myth of Mars and Venus: Do men and women really speak different languages? is a 2007 book by Professor Deborah Cameron, published by Oxford University Press.  Dr.

negative: Tomorrow's Pioneers Tomorrow's Pioneers (Arabic: رواد الغد; also The Pioneers of Tomorrow) is a children's program, last broadcast on October 16, 2009 on the Palestinian Hamas-affiliated television station, Al-Aqsa TV (Arabic: مرئية الأقصى قناة الأقصى). The show features young host Saraa Barhoum and her co-host, a large costumed animal as they perform skits (or "scenes") and discuss life in Palestine in a talk show fashion with call-ins from children (typically of age 9-13 with some as young as 3).

negative: Tornasi people Tornasi is an ethnic group in Northern Sudan. They speak Kelo, a Nilo-Saharan language. The population of this group likely does not exceed 1,000. Most or all members of this ethnic group are Muslims.

negative: Tsimshianic languages The Tsimshianic languages are a family of languages spoken in northwestern British Columbia and in Southeast Alaska on Annette Island and Ketchikan. About 2,170 people of the ethnic Tsimshian /ˈsɪmʃiən/ population in Canada still speak a Tsimshian language; about 50 of the 1,300 Tsimshian people living in Alaska still speak Coast Tsimshian.

negative: Turkic peoples The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethnic groups that live in northern, eastern, central, and western Asia, northwestern China, and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds.

negative: Turkmens The Turkmens or Turkomans (Turkmen: Türkmen/Түркмен, plural Türkmenler/Түркменлер) are a Turkic people located primarily in Central Asia, in the states of Turkmenistan, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Afghanistan, Northern Pakistan, and in the North Caucasus (Stavropol Krai). They speak the Turkmen language, which is classified as a part of the Western (Oghuz) branch of the Turkic languages family together with Turkish, Azerbaijani, Qashqai, Gagauz and Salar.

negative: Tz’utujil language Tz'utujil /ˈᵗsuːtəhiːl/ is a Mayan language spoken by the Tz'utujil people in the region to the south of Lake Atitlán in Guatemala.  Tz'utujil is closely related to its larger neighbors, Kaqchikel and K'iche'.  The 2002 census found 60,000 people speak Tz'utujil as their mother tongue. The two Tz'utijil dialects are Eastern and Western.The majority of the Tz'utujil people have Spanish as their second language, although many of the older people, or those in more remote locations do not.

negative: Wakhi people The Wakhi people, or Khik (called Guhjali in upper Hunza, Pakistan), are an ethnic group in the Wakhan of today's Badakhshan region located in northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan.  They also live in adjacent areas of Tajikistan, Xinjiang and in Pakistan, both in the Chitral District and in Gojal).  They speak the Wakhi language.

negative: Xionites Xionites, Chionites, or Chionitae (Middle Persian: Xiyon; Avestan: Xiiaona; Sogdian: Xwn; Pahlavi: Huna), or Hunni, Yun or Xūn (獯), were an Iranian-speaking people who were prominent in Transoxania and Bactria.  The Xionites (Chionitae) are first mentioned with Kushans (Cuseni) by Ammianus Marcellinus who spent the winter of 356-57 CE in their Balkh territory. They arrived with the wave of immigration from Central Asia into Iran in late antiquity.

negative: Yunus Qanuni Yunus Qanuni (Persian: یونس قانونی, born 1957) is an Afghan politician who was Vice President of Afghanistan. An ethnic Tajik from the Panjshir Valley in Afghanistan, Qanuni is the leader of the Afghanistan e Naween (New Afghanistan) political party and former Speaker of the House of the People (the lower house of parliament or Wolesi Jirga).

negative: Zebak, Afghanistan Zebak (Persian: زيباك or زیباک) (also Zibak or Zebok) is the capital of the Zebak District in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. The city is based in the delta of the Sanglich river.  It lies at the foot of the Daliz Pass on one of the natural routes that connects it with Tajikistan approximately 35 kilometers to the north, and with Pakistan which is just 20 kilometers to the south.

negative: Ziruk District Ziruk District (Pashto: زيړوک ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی زیروک), alternately spelled "Zerok", is a district of Paktika Province that once was a part of Paktia, Afghanistan.Zeruk is a remote district of Paktika province bordered to the East by Spera District of Khost province, to the South-West by Nika District, to the West by Urgon District and to the North by Waziristan. The district has a population of roughly 43,190.The people speak Pashto but with a Zadran accent.


query: where the British monarch is also head of state

positive: Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union, two of her realms, the kingdoms of England and Scotland, united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death.Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II, who had no legitimate children. Her father, James, was first in line to the throne.

positive: Governor of Gibraltar The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government. The role of the Governor is to act as the de facto head of state, and he or she is responsible for formally appointing the Chief Minister of Gibraltar, along with other members of the Government of Gibraltar after a general election.

positive: Governor of the British Virgin Islands The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government.

positive: Monarchies in Europe There are currently twelve (12) sovereign monarchies in Europe: the Principality of Andorra, the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Principality of Monaco, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Norway, the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the State of the Vatican City.

positive: Monarchism in Canada Canadian monarchism is a movement among Canadian monarchists for raising awareness of the constitutional monarchy among the Canadian public, and advocating for its retention, countering republican and anti-monarchical reform as being generally revisionist, idealistic, and ultimately impracticable.

positive: Monarchy in the Irish Free State The Irish Free State was, in accordance with its constitution, governed formally under a form of constitutional monarchy. The British monarch was the head of state of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1931, when the Statute of Westminster came into effect, and thereafter the Irish Free State had a unique crown, though held by the same person who was sovereign for the other Dominions.

positive: Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since 1 November 1981.

positive: Monarchy of Barbados The monarchy of Barbados is the core of the country's Westminster style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government. The current Barbadian monarch, since 6 February 1952, is Queen Elizabeth II. As the sovereign, she is the personal embodiment of the Barbadian Crown.

positive: Monarchy of Belize The monarchy of Belize (the Belizean monarchy) is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Belize; the incumbent is Queen Elizabeth II, officially called Queen of Belize, who has reigned since 21 September 1981. The heir apparent is Elizabeth's eldest son, Prince Charles, though the Queen is the only member of the royal family with any constitutional role.

positive: Monarchy of Grenada The monarchy of Grenada (the Grenadian monarchy) is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Grenada. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law.

positive: Monarchy of Jamaica The Monarchy of Jamaica is a constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Jamaica, forming the core of the country's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The terms Crown in Right of Jamaica, Her Majesty in Right of Jamaica, or The Queen in Right of Jamaica may also be used to refer to the entire executive of the government of Jamaica.

positive: Monarchy of Saint Lucia The monarchy of Saint Lucia (the Saint Lucian monarchy) is a system of government in which a hereditary, constitutional monarch is the sovereign of Saint Lucia. The present monarch of Saint Lucia is Elizabeth II, who is also the Sovereign of the Commonwealth realms.

positive: Monarchy of the Bahamas The monarchy of the Bahamas is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since the country became independent on 10 July 1973. The Bahamas share the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms.

positive: Monarchy of the Solomon Islands The monarchy of Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Solomon Islands. The present monarch of Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen of a number of other Commonwealth realms.The Queen's constitutional roles have been almost entirely delegated to the Governor-General of Solomon Islands. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law.

positive: Politics of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is a unitary democracy governed within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is the head of state and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by Her Majesty's Government, on behalf of and by the consent of the Monarch, as well as by the devolved Governments of Scotland and Wales, and the Northern Ireland Executive.

positive: Republicanism in the United Kingdom Republicanism in the United Kingdom is a movement that seeks to replace the British monarchy with a republic. For those who want a head of state, the method by which one should be chosen is not agreed upon, with some favouring an elected president, some an appointed head of state with little power.

negative: Antony Head, 1st Viscount Head Antony Henry Head, 1st Viscount Head GCMG, CBE, MC, PC (19 December 1906 – 29 March 1983) was a British soldier, Conservative politician and diplomat.

negative: Australian peers and baronets Peers of the Realm have been associated with Australia since its early history. Many peers served as governors of the Australian colonies (states following Federation), and in the days when the practice of appointing British governors-general was current, the great majority were peers.Australians themselves were previously eligible to receive British Imperial Honours. Such honours, in appropriate cases, included peerages and baronetcies.

negative: Bertoleoni Bertoleoni is the self-proclaimed ruling family of the self-styled "Kingdom of Tavolara" (Sardinia, Italy), which claimed to be "the smallest kingdom of the world" (now extinguished). The members of this family were also the only inhabitants of this island (whose land is owned partly by the Marzano family in Rome, and partly by a NATO military base) that had been abandoned in the 1730s because of North-African piracy in the area. They sustained themselves by goat farming and fishing.

negative: Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; RTGS: Phumiphon Adunyadet; pronounced [pʰūː.mí.pʰōn ʔà.dūn.já.dèːt]; see full title below; born 5 December 1927) is the King of Thailand. He is also known as Rama IX, as he is the ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty.

negative: British Overseas Territories The fourteen British Overseas Territories (BOT) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom; they do not, however, form part of it. Instead, they are those parts of the former British Empire that have not chosen independence or have voted to remain British territories.

negative: Canadian royal symbols Canadian royal symbols are the visual and auditory identifiers of the Canadian monarchy, including the viceroys, in the country's federal and provincial jurisdictions.

negative: Christian X of Denmark Christian X (Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm; 26 September 1870 – 20 April 1947) was the King of Denmark from 1912 to 1947 and the only king of Iceland (where the name was officially spelled Kristján), between 1918 and 1944.He was a member of the House of Glücksburg and the first member of his family since king Frederick VII to have actually been born into the Danish royal family; both his father and his grandfather were born as princes of a German ducal family.

negative: Commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces The Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces is a position vested in the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, who as Sovereign and head of state is the "Head of the Armed Forces".

negative: Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, commonly known as the Commonwealth (formerly the British Commonwealth), is an intergovernmental organization of 53 member states that were mostly territories of the former British Empire.

negative: Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is one of 16 sovereign states that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, have Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning constitutional monarch, and have in common the same royal line of succession.The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions—named therein as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, the Irish Free State, and Newfoundland—to have full or nearly full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations, having with the United Kingdom one person as the sovereign of each respectively.

negative: Constitution of Kenya (1963) Kenya's 1963 independence constitution was based on the standard "Lancaster House template" used for the former British colonies in Africa, was subject to early amendments, and was replaced in 1969. Under the Constitution of Kenya, the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, was represented as head of state by a Governor-General of Kenya. The Constitution also provided for a bicameral parliament, the National Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

negative: Constitutional monarchy A constitutional monarchy, limited monarchy or parliamentary monarchy (also called a crowned republic)  is a form of government in which governing powers of the monarch are restricted by a constitution.A constitutional monarchy may refer to a system in which the monarch acts as a non-party political head of state under the constitution, whether written or unwritten.

negative: Coronation of the British monarch The coronation of the British monarch is a ceremony (specifically, initiation rite) in which the monarch of the United Kingdom is formally crowned and invested with regalia.

negative: Current reigning monarchs by length of reign This is a list of currently enthroned monarchs and lifelong leaders sorted by length of service.  It includes monarchs who do not reign over entire nations, such as Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, but does not include former monarchs and pretenders, such as Michael of Romania, de facto monarchs such as François Hollande who in his capacity as President of France is also Co-Prince of Andorra, or monarchs whose position is unofficial, such as Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama.

negative: Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death.The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Edward was related to royalty throughout Europe. Before his accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors.

negative: Edward VIII Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year.Edward was the eldest son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was created Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, nine weeks after his father succeeded as king.

negative: Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the queen of 16 of the 53 member states in the Commonwealth of Nations. She is Head of the Commonwealth and Supreme Governor of the Church of England.Upon her accession on 6 February 1952, Elizabeth became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon.

negative: Emperor of India The title Emperor of India was used by the British monarchs during the British Raj in the Indian Subcontinent from 1876 (see Royal Titles Act 1876) until 1948, after India had attained independence from the United Kingdom, when for a transitional period the British monarch was also King of India and King of Pakistan.The term "Emperor of India" is also used to refer to Indian emperors such as Great Chola [Raja rajan] Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Dynasty and Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire.

negative: External association External association was a hypothetical relationship between Ireland and the British Commonwealth proposed by Éamon de Valera in 1921–22, whereby Ireland would be a sovereign state associated with, but not a member of, the Commonwealth; the British monarch would be head of the association, but not head of state of Ireland. De Valera proposed external association as a compromise between isolationist Irish republicanism on the one hand and Dominion status on the other.

negative: Francis Bond Head Sir Francis Bond Head, 1st Baronet KCH PC (1 January 1793 – 20 July 1875), known as "Galloping Head", was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada during the rebellion of 1837.

negative: George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; German: Georg II. August; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death.George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain: he was born and brought up in northern Germany.

negative: George I of Great Britain George I (George Louis; German: Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698.George was born in Hanover and inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles.

negative: George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.He was the second son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), and the grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria.

negative: George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward.

negative: Ghana (Commonwealth realm) Ghana was a Commonwealth realm between 6 March 1957 and 1 July 1960, before it became the Republic of Ghana. It was the first western African country to achieve independence.British rule ended in 1957, when the Ghana Independence Act 1957 transformed the British Crown Colony of the Gold Coast into the independent sovereign Commonwealth realm of Ghana. The British monarch remained head of state, and Ghana shared its Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms.

negative: Governor-General of India The Governor-General of India or the Viceroy and Governor-General of India (commonly shortened to Viceroy of India), from 1858 to 1947, was originally the titular and executive head of the British administration in India and, later, after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Indian monarch and head of state. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William.

negative: Governor of Bermuda The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government.

negative: Governor of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

negative: Governor of the Cayman Islands The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government.

negative: Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government. The role of the Governor is to act as the  head of state, and he or she is responsible for appointing the Premier and 5 members of the House of Assembly.

negative: Head of state A head of state is the highest-ranking constitutional position in a sovereign state and is vested with powers to act as the chief public representative of that state.

negative: Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship (HMNZS) is the ship prefix used to identify warships and shore facilities commissioned into the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN).It derives from "Her Majesty's Ship" (HMS) used in the United Kingdom. The British monarch is also equally and separately the New Zealand head of state. Should the Queen be replaced by a King, the designation also changes to "His" rather than "Her" Majesty.

negative: History of monarchy in Canada The history of monarchy in Canada stretches from pre-colonial times through to the present day, though Canada's monarchical status is typically seen as beginning with the first European settlements of what is now Canada; Newfoundland was claimed for King Henry VII in 1497 and the establishment of New France by  King Francis I took place in 1534.

negative: House of Bolkiah The House of Bolkiah is the ruling royal family of Brunei Darussalam. It is composed of the descendants of the 1st sultan Muhammad Shah of Brunei and his family. The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei. He is also head of government in his capacity as Prime Minister.Since independence from the British in 1984, only one Sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates back to the 14th century.

negative: Igwe of Nnewi kingdom The Nnewi monarchy, like the British monarchy, is a traditional inheritance of the throne based on Patrilineality and sonship heredity. In Nnewi the traditional monarch is called the Igwe. The Igwe is born and not made or elected, and the institution of inheritance is the traditional right and Primogeniture privilege. The position is neither transferable nor negotiable.There have been 20 monarchs of Nnewi Kingdom (see the List of  Monarchy of the Nnewi).

negative: Jean-Jacques Dessalines Jean-Jacques Dessalines (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʒak dɛs.salin]; 20 September 1758 – 17 October 1806) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1801 constitution. Initially regarded as governor-general, Dessalines later named himself Emperor Jacques I of Haiti (1804–1806). He is regarded as a founding father of Haiti.Dessalines served as an officer in the French army when the colony was trying to withstand Spanish and British incursions.

negative: Kenya (Commonwealth realm) The Commonwealth realm of Kenya, officially known as "Kenya", was a predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Kenya. It existed between 12 December 1963 and  12 December 1964.When British rule ended in 1963, the Kenya Colony was given independence as a Commonwealth realm in which form the state existed until the proclamation of the Republic of Kenya came into existence on 12 December 1964. During this time, the British monarch (Elizabeth II) remained head of state.

negative: King Arthur King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th to early 6th century A.D. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.

negative: King of Mann The King of Mann was the title taken between 1237 and 1504 by the various rulers, both sovereign and suzerain, over the Kingdom of Mann – the Isle of Man which is located in the Irish Sea, at the centre of the British Isles.

negative: King of the Britons The Britons or Brythons were the Brythonic-Celtic-speaking people of what is now England, Wales and southern Scotland, whose ethnic identity is today maintained by the Welsh, Cornish and Bretons. The title Rex Britannorum (King of the Britons) was used (often retrospectively) to refer to the most powerful ruler among the insular Britons, both before and after the Roman occupation up until the Norman Conquest of England.

negative: Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey The Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a Crown dependency of the British Crown. The role of the Lieutenant Governor is to act as the de facto head of state in Guernsey and as liaison between the governments of Guernsey and the United Kingdom.

negative: List of 2006 British incumbents This is a list of 2006 British incumbents.

negative: List of British monarchs There have been 12 monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom (see the Monarchy of the United Kingdom). A new Kingdom of Great Britain was formed on 1 May 1707 with the merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which had been in personal union under the House of Stuart since 24 March 1603. On 1 January 1801, Great Britain merged with the Kingdom of Ireland (also previously in personal union with Great Britain) to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

negative: List of British monarchs by longevity This is a list of British monarchs by longevity since the Union of the Crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1603.To maintain consistency within the table, the dates of birth and death for each monarch are given in New Style.Two measures of the longevity are given—this is to allow for the differing number of leap days occurring within the life of each monarch.

negative: List of Canadian monarchs The lines of monarchs who reigned over the French and British colonies of Canada, followed by the British Dominion of Canada, and finally the present-day sovereign state of Canada, begin approximately at the turn of the 16th century.

negative: List of English monarchs The monarchy of the Kingdom of England began with Alfred the Great and ended with Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.Arguments are made for a few different kings deemed to control enough of the ancient kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons to be deemed the first King of England.

negative: List of Scottish monarchs The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the first King of Scots (Middle Scots: King of Scottis, Modern Scots: Keeng o Scots Scottish Gaelic: Rìghrean Albannaich) was Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín), who founded the state in 843.

negative: List of Sultans of Brunei The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei. He is also head of government in his capacity as Prime Minister.

negative: List of current sovereign monarchs A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth. Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute monarchies) or may be ceremonial figureheads, exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all, with actual authority vested in a legislature and/or executive cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies).

negative: List of fictional monarchs This is a list of fictional Monarchs – characters who appear in fiction as the monarch of a fictional or real country. They are listed by country, then according to the production or story in which they appeared.

negative: List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence International protocol holds that a head of state takes precedence over all other officials, and that heads of state rank in the order that they took office. The following list contains the heads of state for all United Nations member states and non-member observer states.Commonwealth realms, other than the United Kingdom, each have a local governor-general appointed to represent the monarch in the realm's government.

negative: List of heads of state of France This is a list of all French Heads of state. This list includes the monarchs and republics.The monarchs of France ruled from the establishment of Francia in 486 to 1870. The first race, or dynasty of kings, was the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled until 751, followed by the second race, the Carolingian dynasty, until 987 (with some interruptions).

negative: List of heads of state of Ghana This is a list of the heads of state of Ghana, from the independence of Ghana in 1957 to the present day.From 1957 to 1960 the head of state under the Ghana Independence Act 1957 was the Monarch, who was the same person as the Monarch of the United Kingdom and of the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch was represented in Ghana by a Governor-General. Ghana became a republic under the Constitution of 1960 and the monarch and Governor-General were replaced by an executive President.

negative: List of heads of state of Nigeria This is a list of the heads of state of Nigeria, from the independence of Federation of Nigeria in 1960 to the present day.From 1960 to 1963 the head of state under the Nigeria Independence Act 1960 was  the Monarch, who was also Monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch was represented in Nigeria by a Governor-General. Nigeria became a republic under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and Governor-General were replaced by a ceremonial President.

negative: List of heads of state of Spain This is a list of Spanish Heads of State; that is, kings and presidents that governed the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word. The forerunners of the Spanish throne were the following:Kings of AsturiasKings of Navarre Kings of LeónKings of GaliciaKings of CastileKings of AragonThese lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

negative: List of heads of state of Yugoslavia This is a List of heads of state of Yugoslavia from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a monarchy ruled by the House of Karađorđević from 1918 up until World War II.

negative: List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign The following is a list, ordered by length of reign, of the monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (Northern Ireland after 1927), the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of England since AD 925, the Kingdom of Scotland since AD 1107, and the Principality of Wales from AD 1170.The present queen, Elizabeth II, became the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015.

negative: List of monarchs of Mercia The Kingdom of Mercia was a state in the English Midlands from the 6th century to the 10th. For some two hundred years from the mid-7th century onwards it was the dominant member of the Heptarchy and consequently the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

negative: List of monarchs of Wessex This is a list of monarchs of Wessex until 927. For later monarchs, see the List of English monarchs.  While the details of the later monarchs are confirmed by a number of sources, the earlier ones are in many cases obscure.The names are given in modern English form followed by the names and titles (as far as is known) in contemporary Anglo-Saxon English and Latin, the prevalent 'official' languages of the time.This was a time when spellings varied widely, even within a document.

negative: List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death This is a list of Monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death.They are grouped by the type of death and then ordered by the date of death.  The monarchical status of some people is disputed, but they have been included here for the sake of completeness.

negative:
Lists of office-holders These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2007 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_office-holders?oldid=671685852> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lisbon> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> Lisbon (/ˈlɪzbən/; Portuguese: Lisboa, IPA: [liʒˈboɐ]) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km². Its urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people, being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union. About 2.8 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (which represents approximately 27% of the country's population).

negative: Lists of state leaders This article contains various lists of state leaders, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government. Typically this list includes presidents, prime ministers or monarchs.

negative: Margrethe II of Denmark Margrethe II (Danish: Margrethe 2.; Faroese: Margrethe II; Greenlandic: Margrethe II) (Danish pronunciation: [mɑˈɡ̊ʁæːˀd̥ə], full name: Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid; born 16 April 1940) is the Queen of Denmark. She is also the supreme authority of the Church of Denmark and Commander-in-Chief of the Danish Defence Forces.

negative: Marie-Charles David de Mayréna Marie-Charles David de Mayréna (also known as Charles-Marie David de Mayréna and Marie I, King of Sedang; January 31, 1842 - November 11, 1890), was an eccentric French adventurer who became the self-styled king of the Sedang of the northern Central Highlands in what is now southern Vietnam.De Mayréna was born in Toulon. He fled Paris for Java in June 1883, fearing prosecution for embezzlement. The next year, he was expelled from the Dutch East Indies.

negative: Mnemonic verse of monarchs in England A mnemonic verse listing the monarchs ruling in England since William the Conqueror was traditionally used by English schoolchildren in the era when rote learning formed a major part of the curriculum.The verse omits mentioning any pre-Conquest Saxon kings. The main part of the verse is largely constant, but the stanza from the 20th century has a number of variations. Alan Bennett's staging of the verse in Forty Years On works around the issue by stopping at Victoria.

negative: Monarch A monarch is the sovereign head of state in a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the most and highest authority in the state or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Typically a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch.

negative: Monarch Mountain Monarch Mountain is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges subdivision of the Coast Mountains in southern British Columbia.  It stands just east of a pass between the Klinaklini River and the south branch of the Atnarko River, which is a tributary of the Bella Coola River.  Surrounding Monarch Mountain is the Monarch Icefield, the northernmost of the major icefields of the Pacific Ranges, and just south of it is the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield, which is the largest.

negative: Monarchist League of Canada The Monarchist League of Canada is a nonprofit monarchist organization that describes itself as a "national patriotic society supporting Canada's constitutional monarchy."The League focuses on three areas: education, advocacy, and research. Local branches, many under the patronage of lieutenant governors, complement these areas of focus by acting as a grassroots rallying point for members.

negative: Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in one or several individual(s) reigning until death or abdication. They are called the monarchs. Forms of monarchy differ widely based on the level of legal autonomy the monarch holds in governance, the method of selection of the monarch, and any predetermined limits on the length of their tenure.

negative: Monarchy in the Cook Islands The Cook Islands are a constitutional monarchy within the Realm of New Zealand.Under the Cook Islands Constitution, the monarch in right of New Zealand (currently Elizabeth II) has been Head of State of the Cook Islands since 4 August 1965.  The Sovereign is represented by the Queen's Representative; as such, the Queen is the de jure head of state, holding several powers that are hers alone, while the Queen's Representative is sometimes referred to as the de facto head of state.

negative: Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign. Australia is a constitutional monarchy, modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government, incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia.The present monarch is Elizabeth II, styled Queen of Australia, who has reigned since 6 February 1952.

negative: Monarchy of Canada The monarchy of Canada is the core of both Canada's federalism and its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the federal and each provincial government. The current Canadian monarch, since 6 February 1952, is Queen Elizabeth II. As the sovereign, she is the personal embodiment of the Canadian Crown.

negative: Monarchy of Ceylon The Monarchy of Ceylon (the Ceylonese monarchy) was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of British Ceylon (1815–1948) and then the Dominion of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from 1948 to 1971. Ceylon shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Ceylon.

negative: Monarchy of Guyana The Monarchy of Guyana (the Guyanese monarchy) was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of Guyana from 1966 to 1970. Guyana shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Guyana. The royal succession was governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701.The monarchy was abolished in 1970, when Guyana became a republic within the Commonwealth.

negative: Monarchy of Mauritius The Monarchy of Mauritius (the Mauritian monarchy) was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of  the Mauritius from 1968 to 1992. Mauritius shared the Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II, with the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Mauritius.

negative: Monarchy of New Zealand The monarchy of New Zealand—also referred to as the Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or the Queen in Right of New Zealand—is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of New Zealand, forming the core of the country's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy.

negative: Monarchy of Norway The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Norwegian monarchy can trace its line back to the reign of Harald Fairhair and the previous petty kingdoms which were united to form Norway; it has been in unions with both Sweden and Denmark for long periods.The present Sovereign is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991. The heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prince Haakon.

negative: Monarchy of Papua New Guinea The monarchy of Papua New Guinea is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Papua New Guinea. The current monarch, since 16 September 1975, is Queen Elizabeth II. Although the person of the sovereign is equally shared with fifteen other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations, each country's monarchy is separate and legally distinct.

negative: Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis The Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis (the Kittitian and Nevisian monarchy) is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The present monarch of Saint Kitts and Nevis is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms.  The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

negative: Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines The monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, forming the core of the country's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The Crown is thus is the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Vincentian government.

negative: Monarchy of South Africa The Monarchy of South Africa (the South African monarchy) was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the Union of South Africa from 1910 to 1961. South Africa shared the Sovereign with the United Kingdom, other Dominions, and latterly other Commonwealth realms. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of the Union of South Africa.

negative: Monarchy of Sweden The Monarchy of Sweden concerns the monarchical head of state of Sweden, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige) has been a monarchy since time immemorial.

negative: Monarchy of Thailand "King of Siam" and "The King of Siam" redirect here. For the The King and I character, see The King and I#Principal roles and notable performers. For the novel, see Anna and the King of Siam (novel)The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the King of Thailand or historically as King of Siam; Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย), refers to the constitutional monarchy and monarch of the Kingdom of Thailand (formerly Siam).

negative: Monarchy of Tuvalu The monarchy of Tuvalu (the Tuvaluan monarchy) is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Tuvalu. The present monarch of Tuvalu is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Sovereign of 15 other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Tuvalu.Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law.

negative: Monarchy of the Netherlands The Monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such, the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the constitution of the Netherlands.

negative: Monarchy of the United Kingdom The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The monarch's title is "King" (male) or "Queen" (female). The current monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, ascended the throne on the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952.The monarch and his or her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties.

negative: Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British democracy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female.

negative: Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the UK Parliament or the British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories.

negative: Parliamentary system A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament); the executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected. In a parliamentary system, the head of state is normally a different person from the head of government.

negative: Politics of the Falkland Islands The politics of the Falkland Islands takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary representative democratic dependency as set out by the constitution, whereby the Governor exercises the duties of head of state in the absence of the monarch and the Chief Executive acts as the head of government, with an elected Legislative Assembly to propose new laws and hold the executive to account.The islands, an archipelago in the southern Atlantic Ocean, are a self-governing British overseas territory.

negative: Prime Minister of Denmark The Prime Minister of Denmark (Danish: Statsminister; literally "Minister of State") is the head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark. Before the creation of the modern office, Denmark did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested. The Constitution of 1849 established a constitutional monarchy by limiting the powers of the Monarch and creating the office of premierminister.

negative: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister (informal abbreviation: PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, who are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate.

negative: Prince of Wales Prince of Wales (Welsh: Tywysog Cymru) is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent of the British or English monarch. The current Prince of Wales is Prince Charles, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations.

negative: Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she had the additional title of Empress of India.Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III.

negative: Rajyabhisheka Rajyabhisheka (राज्याभिषेक) is a late Vedic ceremony of coronating a monarch. It also refers to anointing(Coronating) government officials, particularly heads of state, at the time of  taking power or to mark a signal achievement.

negative: Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations A republic in the Commonwealth of Nations is any one of the 32 sovereign states of the Commonwealth of Nations with a republican form of government. Though, with the exception of the former Portuguese possession of Mozambique and the former Belgian trust territory of Rwanda, they are all former British possessions, in contrast to the 16 Commonwealth realms they do not have Elizabeth II or another monarch as their Head of state.

negative: Scotland Scotland (/ˈskɒt.lənd/; Scots: [ˈskɔt.lənd]; Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə]) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west.

negative: Sherard Cowper-Coles Sir Sherard Louis Cowper-Coles KCMG LVO (born in London, England, 8 January 1955) is a British former diplomat.  He was the Foreign Secretary's Special Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan in 2009-2010. After leaving the Foreign Office, he worked briefly for BAE Systems as international business development director. He left BAE Systems in 2013 and is now a Senior Adviser to the Group Chairman and the Group Chief Executive of HSBC. His surname is pronounced 'cooper coals'.

negative: State funerals in the United Kingdom For funerals paid for by the British state commonly known as "pauper's funerals" or "welfare funerals" see Public Health Funerals. For state funerals under the English Poor Laws see Pauper's funeral.In the United Kingdom, the term State Funeral is used primarily for the funeral of a monarch.

negative: Terminology of the British Isles Various terms are used to describe the different (and sometimes overlapping) geographical and political areas of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, and the smaller islands which surround them. The terminology is often a source of confusion, partly owing to the similarity between some of the actual words used, but also because they are often used loosely. In addition, many of the words carry both geographical and political connotations which are affected by the history of the islands.

negative: Territorial evolution of the British Empire The territorial evolution of the British Empire is considered to have begun with the foundation of the English colonial empire in the late 16th century.  Since then, many territories around the world have been under the control of the United Kingdom or its predecessor states.When the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed in 1707 by the union of the Kingdom of Scotland with the Kingdom of England, the latter country's colonial possessions passed to the new state.

negative: The Gambia (Commonwealth realm) The Commonwealth realm of the Gambia was a predecessor to the modern-day republic of The Gambia and an independent state that existed between 1965 and 1970.When British rule ended in 1965, Gambia was given independence as a Commonwealth realm. The British monarch remained head of state of the Gambia, which shared its Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms.  The royal succession was governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701.

negative: United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign state in Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the country includes the island of Great Britain—a term also applied loosely to refer to the whole country—the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.

negative: Yang di-Pertuan Agong The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ) is the head of state (king) of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya (now Malaysia) gained independence from the United Kingdom. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy with an elected monarch as head of state. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is one of the few elected monarchs in the world. The consort of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is called the Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen Lady Consort).