query: Ironically, it's those who are mispresenting Hulme's paper that are the ones being misleading.

positive: Mike Hulme Michael ` Mike ' Hulme ( born 23 July 1960 ) is Professor of Climate and Culture in the Department of Geography at King 's College London . He was formerly professor of Climate Change in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia ( UEA ) .

positive: Imagism Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear , sharp language .   Imagism has been described as the most influential movement in English poetry since the activity of the Pre-Raphaelites . As a poetic style it gave Modernism its start in the early 20th century , and is considered to be the first organized Modernist literary movement in the English language . Imagism is sometimes viewed as ' a succession of creative moments ' rather than any continuous or sustained period of development . René Taupin remarked that ` It is more accurate to consider Imagism not as a doctrine , nor even as a poetic school , but as the association of a few poets who were for a certain time in agreement on a small number of important principles ' .   The Imagists rejected the sentiment and discursiveness typical of much Romantic and Victorian poetry , in contrast to their contemporaries , the Georgian poets , who were generally content to work within that tradition . In contrast , Imagism called for a return to what were seen as more Classical values , such as directness of presentation and economy of language , as well as a willingness to experiment with non-traditional verse forms . Imagists use free verse .   Imagist publications appearing between 1914 and 1917 featured works by many of the most prominent modernist figures , both in poetry and in other fields . The Imagist group was centered in London , with members from Great Britain , Ireland and the United States . Somewhat unusually for the time , a number of women writers were major Imagist figures .   A characteristic feature of Imagism is its attempt to isolate a single image to reveal its essence . This feature mirrors contemporary developments in avant-garde art , especially Cubism . Although Imagism isolates objects through the use of what Ezra Pound called `` luminous details '' , Pound 's Ideogrammic Method of juxtaposing concrete instances to express an abstraction is similar to Cubism 's manner of synthesizing multiple perspectives into a single image .

negative: John Hulme John Hulme may refer to :   John Hulme ( footballer ) ( 1945 -- 2008 ) , English professional footballer  John Hulme ( Derbyshire cricketer ) ( 1862 -- 1940 ) , English cricketer who played for Derbyshire 1887 -- 1903  John Hulme ( Shropshire cricketer ) ( born 1950 ) , Welsh cricketer who played for Shropshire  John Hulme ( author )

negative: Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy A Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy is named in honour of Denny Hulme , a successful racing driver from New Zealand who died in 1992 ; trophies include :   Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy ( Targa Tasmania ) , awarded at the end of the Targa Tasmania rally  NZ Motor Cup : Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy , awarded in the Toyota Racing Series

negative: Holy Trinity, Hulme Holy Trinity was an Anglican parish church built in Hulme , Manchester in 1841 to a design by George Gilbert Scott and S. Moffat . Construction cost around # 18,000 and was funded by Eleanor Atherton , the last surviving child of Edward Byrom , who had himself founded St John 's Church , Manchester .   Partially damaged by bombing in World War II , it was demolished in 1953 .

negative: Octant projection The octant projection or octants projection , is a type of projection proposed the first time , in 1508 , by Leonardo da Vinci in his Codex Atlanticus . Leonardo 's authorship would be demonstrated by Christoher Tyler paper , ( '' . . For those projections dated later than 1508 , his drawings should be effectively considered the original precursors . . '' ) in fact , there is a sketch of it on a page in the Codex Atlanticus manuscripts , made from the very hand of Leonardo , being Leonardo 's sketch , the first known description of the octant projection .   The same page of the Codex contains sketches of eight other projections of the globe ( those known in the late fifteenth century ) , being studied by Leonardo , ranging from the Ptolemy 's conical planisphere projection to the one proposed by Rosselli ,

negative: Life in the Iron Mills Life in the Iron Mills is a short story ( or novella ) written by Rebecca Harding Davis in 1861 , set in the factory world of the nineteenth century . It is one of the earliest American realist works , and is an important text for those who study labor and women 's issues . It was immediately recognized as an innovative work , and introduced American readers to `` the bleak lives of industrial workers in the mills and factories of the nation . ''   Life in the Iron Mills was initially published in The Atlantic Monthly in April 1861 . After being published anonymously , both Emily Dickinson and Nathaniel Hawthorne praised the work . Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward was also greatly influenced by Davis 's Life in the Iron Mills and in 1868 published in The Atlantic Monthly `` The Tenth of January '' , based on the 1860 fire at the Pemberton Mills in Lawrence , Massachusetts .   Rebecca Harding Davis was considered one of the nation 's first social historians and pioneering literary artists . She wrote to find social change for blacks , women , immigrants , and the working class throughout the Civil War . Throughout her long career , Davis challenged traditional subjects and older styles of writing . Her family lived briefly in Big Springs , Alabama , before moving in 1837 to Wheeling , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) , on the Ohio River . Its iron mills and immigrant populations inspired the setting of Life in the Iron Mills .

negative: Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy (Targa Tasmania) The Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy is a motorsport honour awarded to the competitor who exhibits tenacity to overcome adversity while completing the Targa Tasmania . The award was first made in 1993 .   The award is named in honour of Denny Hulme , a successful New Zealand driver who died in 1992 . During that year , he lost the first Targa Tasmania by only 9 seconds to Greg Crick despite competing furiously and having to overcome a number of obstacles that lesser drivers would have baulked at . He was never to return to the event . The day before he died , he commented enthusiastically to the Targa Tasmania founder , John Large , looking forward to the next year 's event . John chose to honour the driver by naming the trophy for him and presenting it at the next Targa Tasmania .   Throughout his career , Denny Hulme had earned a reputation for being a fierce competitor and rarely giving up - epitomised by his persistent attempts to claim the win during the 1992 event . So to qualify for the award , a driver must `` overcome extreme hardship and adversity throughout the entire event and must cross the finish line on the Sunday night in Hobart '' .

negative: William Lever, 2nd Viscount Leverhulme William Hulme Lever , 2nd Viscount Leverhulme , DL ( 25 March 1888 -- 27 May 1949 ) was the son of William Hesketh Lever and Elizabeth Ellen , daughter of Crompton Hulme of Bolton .   He was educated at Eton College and graduated from Cambridge University ( Trinity College ) in 1913 with a master 's degree in the Arts . William Hulme Lever spent his early years at Thornton Manor which he inherited after his father 's death in 1925 .

negative: St Michael's Church, Hulme Walfield St Michael 's Church is in Giantswood Lane , Hulme Walfield , Cheshire , England . It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Congleton , the archdeaconry of Macclesfield , and the diocese of Chester . The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building . The authors of the Buildings of England series comment that it is `` an attractive building , and one for which money must have been spent generously '' .

negative: Transfer paper Transfer paper is used in textiles and arts & crafts projects . Often , an ink-jet or other printer is used to print an image on the paper . Then a heat press can transfer the image onto clothing , canvas , or other surface . Transfer paper is used in creating iron-ons .

negative: John Hulme (Shropshire cricketer) John Hulme ( born 13 November 1950 ) was a Welsh cricketer . He was a left-handed batsman who played for Shropshire . He was born in Chirk , Denbighshire .   Hulme , who represented Gloucestershire Second XI in the 1970 season , and who represented Shropshire in the Minor Counties Championship between 1979 and 1983 , made his only List A appearance in his final year at the club , against Somerset . From the opening order , he scored ten runs .

negative: Paraburdoo, Western Australia Paraburdoo is a town in the Pilbara region of Western Australia . The name of the town comes from an Aboriginal word for ` white cockatoo ' . It is located 1,536 kilometres north of Perth and 79 kilometres southwest of Tom Price . Paraburdoo was developed in the early 1970s to support Hamersley Iron 's ( now Pilbara Iron ) local iron ore mining operations , and gazetted as a town in 1972 . Most of the town 's residents are employed by Pilbara Iron 's mining operation and the supporting services . The region is served by Paraburdoo Airport , which is situated 9 km from the town .   The town provides housing to workers of the three near-by Rio Tinto mines , those being the Channar , Eastern Range and Paraburdoo mine .

negative: Melanie Hulme Melanie Hulme ( born 16 December 1976 ) is a New Zealand softball player . She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , where the New Zealand team placed sixth in the women 's softball tournament .

negative: Lock, Hulme & Co. This Pembrokeshire bank was established by a Mr Hulme , who was a bank clerk . He worked for the Carmarthen Bank before its failure in 1832 , and went into partnership with a Mr Robert Lock . They traded under the name Lock , Hulme & Co. .   The Bank opened a branch in Pembroke and was subsequently purchased by the London and Provincial Bank , Ltd. ( 1864 -- 1917 ) , in 1868 . This bank was itself absorbed by the London Provincial and South Western Bank Ltd. ( 1917 -- 1918 ) , which became a constituent bank of Barclays Bank .   The Bank did not issue bank notes as this had been prohibited by Act of Parliament passed prior to the Bank 's foundation .

negative: Hulme, Staffordshire Hulme is a hamlet on the outskirts of the city of Stoke-on-Trent , in the English county of Staffordshire . Unlike Hulme End and Upper Hulme , Hulme village is situated on the city council owned boundary of Park Hall Country Park .   Category : Hamlets in Staffordshire

negative: Darren Hulme Darren Hulme ( born 19 July 1977 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton .   Hulme played junior football for the Frankston Bombers , and the Dandenong Stingrays in the TAC Cup . He was recruited to the AFL with the 8th selection in the 1997 AFL Preseason Draft . Very small in stature , but tough and hard at the ball , Hulme played primarily as a midfielder and/or tagger with stints in the forward-line . His kicking was the biggest deficiency in his game , but this improved as his career progressed . When he arrived at the club , both his playing style and his hairstyle were similar to that of ten-year veteran Fraser Brown ; Brown 's nickname had been `` Dog '' , and Hulme accordingly received the nickname `` Pup '' , which stayed with him throughout his time at Carlton .   Hulme played eight games in his debut season . He went on to be a solid contributor for Carlton over a career spanning eight years , including a fifth-placing in the 2003 Best and Fairest , and tying with Craig Bradley and Adrian Hickmott for the Peter Sullivan Memorial Trophy ( most votes in the Brownlow Medal by a Carlton player ) in 2001 . His career was plagued by injury : a quadriceps injury ruled him out of the 1999 finals series , a knee injury meant he could only play the first 3 games of 2002 and he missed the second half of the 2004 season with a groin injury . He was delisted at the end of 2004 .   Since being delisted , Hulme has continued to play state and local football for a wide range of teams : Mansfield ( GVFL ) in 2005 ; Karingal ( MPNFL Peninsula Division ) in 2006 and 2007 ; Clayton ( SFL ) as playing coach in 2008 ; Bendigo ( VFL ) , as playing assistant coach in 2009 ; a return to Karingal in 2010 , and then back to his junior team , Frankston Bombers ( MPNFL Nepean Division ) in 2011 and 2012 .

negative: Hulme F1 The Hulme F1 is a proposed sports car to be manufactured by New Zealand boutique company Hulme Supercars Ltd. . Its name is taken after the 1967 Formula One World Champion , New Zealander Denny Hulme . It is powered by the 7.0 L LS7 V8 sourced from the Chevrolet Corvette C6 and produces 600 hp However , mated to a 2182.7 lb weight gives it a power-to-weight ratio of 3.6 lb per hp .

negative: Declan Hulme Declan Hulme is a rugby league winger who plays for Workington Town .   Born in St. Helens , Hulme started his career at Widnes and made his début against Salford at the end of the 2013 Super League season . He scored his first Vikings try during the 2014 season against Wakefield Trinity Wildcats .

negative: Cheadle Hulme South (Stockport electoral ward) Cheadle Hulme South is an electoral ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport . It elects three Councillors to Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council using the first past the post electoral method , electing one Councillor every year without election on the fourth .   It covers the southern part of Cheadle Hulme and contains Cheadle Hulme Station , as well the Cheadle Conservative and Liberal Democrat Constituency offices . The ward has Cheadle Hulme High School located on Woods Lane . Together with Bramhall North , Bramhall South , Cheadle and Gatley , Cheadle Hulme North , Heald Green and Stepping Hill Wards it makes up the Cheadle Parliamentary Constituency .

negative: The Eye of the Storm (novel) The Eye of the Storm is the ninth published novel by the Australian novelist and 1973 Nobel Prize-winner , Patrick White . It tells the story of Elizabeth Hunter , the powerful matriarch of her family , who still maintains a destructive iron grip on those who come to say farewell to her in her final moments upon her deathbed .   It is regarded as one of White 's best novels , largely owing to the reputation it received from the Swedish Academy when they specifically named it as the book that confirmed White 's designation as a Literature Laureate .

negative: The Iron Mine, Port Henry, New York The Iron Mine , Port Henry , New York ( c. 1862 ) is a painting by Homer Dodge Martin in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and measures 30 1/8 x 50 in . ( 76.5 x 127.0 cm . ) .   The mine was in Craig Harbor near Port Henry , New York . After being loaded into barges the ore was taken to the nearby blast furnaces of the Bay State Iron Mine Company , and made into rails for railroads . `` Painted during the Civil War , Martin 's canvas quietly asserted the primacy of the North , whose strength lay in its natural resources and manufacturing . ''   The nearby hills were `` one of the largest iron deposits in the country and the home of dozens of the 19th century 's most important iron-producing communities in America . '' The Iron Center Museum in Port Henry specializes in this history . Craig Harbor 's iron ore contained `` 65.23 percent metallic iron and was `` extremely tough , and difficult to reduce to a state of sufficient fineness for the forge . '' North of this location , at Ore Bed Harbor near Essex , New York , is Split Rock Mountain , described in 1868 as containing `` the largest deposit of Magnetic Ore in the State of New York .   After being lost for a number of years , The Iron Mine , Port Henry was rediscovered in an unused room at the Knoedler Galleries in New York City by then-manager Roland Knoedler . Unsure of the painting 's attribution , he enlisted the advice of artist Edward Gay who recognized it as the work of Martin . Collector William T. Evans purchased the painting for $ 5,000 to give to the Smithsonian American Art Museum ( then called the National Gallery ) and Knoedler shared some of the profits with Homer Martin 's widow .

negative: Cheadle Hulme railway station Cheadle Hulme railway station is an open triangular station in Cheadle Hulme , Greater Manchester , England . It is on the West Coast Main Line and is operated by Northern .   Cheadle Hulme 's first railway station opened in 1842 , when the Manchester and Birmingham Railway to Crewe was completed . With the extension of the line to Macclesfield , and later Stoke-on-Trent , a new station opened in 1845 which has served the area since . The railway transformed it from a collection of small hamlets into a suburb of over 29,000 people .   2011 saw the construction of pedestrian bridges linking all four platforms and lifts enabling disabled access .

negative: Symphony No. 37 (Haydn) The Symphony No. 37 in C major , Hob . I/37 , is a symphony by Joseph Haydn . The numbering is misleading , as it is one of Haydn 's earliest symphonies . A copy of the score at Český Krumlov is dated 1758 .

negative: Hulme End railway station Hulme End railway station is a disused railway station in Staffordshire , England .   The station was the terminus of the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway which ran 8 +1 / 4 mi from where it made a connection with the standard gauge Waterhouses branch line of the North Staffordshire Railway .   Opened in 1904 , the station had a single platform and a small goods yard with two sidings laid out for the use of transporter wagons , with a section of standard gauge track at the end of each siding . The station was also the servicing and storage point for the line 's locomotives and coaching stock with both a locomotive shed and a carriage shed being provided .   The line became part of the London , Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923 but the finances of the line were poor and the line closed in 1934 . After closure , the route 's right of way was acquired by Staffordshire County Council and the station site at Hulme End became a car park . The station building was retained and , now restored , is used as a visitor information centre .

negative: Commuter newspaper A commuter newspaper is a class of newspapers that are often free daily newspapers and `` part of a lifestyle of commuting into work . They represent a ` fast read ' for those with busy lifestyles , and tend to be rack-selected take-ones . ''  The first commuter newspapers included Vancouver 's Georgia Strait , the Montreal Mirror , and New York City 's The Village Voice .   In keeping with the newspaper 's intention to provide brief and direct accounts of the day 's news , the paper 's writing is more simplistic , intended to give readers the facts and news they desire succinctly . Accordingly , there are fewer sections in Metro than a traditional paper , and each section is much thinner . Instead of relying on subscriptions these papers are usually supported by advertising revenue .

negative: Gabriel graph In mathematics , the Gabriel graph of a set S of points in the Euclidean plane expresses one notion of proximity or nearness of those points . Formally , it is the graph with vertex set S in which any points P and Q in S are adjacent precisely if they are distinct and the closed disc of which line segment PQ is a diameter contains no other elements of S. Gabriel graphs naturally generalize to higher dimensions , with the empty disks replaced by empty closed balls . Gabriel graphs are named after K. R. Gabriel , who introduced them in a paper with R. R. Sokal in 1969 .

negative: Everything (Teenage Jesus and the Jerks album) Everything is a compilation album by Teenage Jesus and the Jerks , released on July 18 , 1995 by Atavistic Records . Despite its misleading title , it 's actually just a reissue of side one of Lydia Lunch 's ` Hysterie ' compilation album .

negative: Stark's ink Stark 's ink is one of a number of types of homemade inks whose recipes were widely available in the 19th century . People often made their own ink before  commercially available ink was inexpensively and easily obtainable .  Dr. James Stark was a chemist during the 19th century who experimented with ink recipes for 23 years . He tested 229 recipes for their durability on various kinds of paper to find the most stable iron gall ink recipe . He submitted his findings in 1855 to the Society of Arts in Edinburgh , Scotland . This recipe was the one he personally used .

negative: Wound Medal (Independent State of Croatia) Wound Medal is established `` in honor of those who , as homeland defenders , were wounded or injured during combat with the enemy '' . A golden wound medal was rewarded to those who had 61 % ( or more ) of physical disability and killed , until iron wound medal was rewarded to those who had to 60 % of physical disability .  The number of injuries was marked with one , two or three blue stripes , and for those who had more than three injuries , oak leaves were awarded .

negative: Bouverie Street Bouverie Street is a street in the City of London , off Fleet Street , which once was the home of some of Britain 's most widely circulated newspapers as well as the Whitefriars Priory .   The offices of the News Chronicle , a British daily paper , were based there until it ceased publication on 17 October 1960 after being absorbed into the Daily Mail . The News of the World had its offices at No. 30 until the paper 's closure in 2011 ; its sister paper The Sun is still based there . It was also home to the offices of Punch magazine until the 1990s and for some decades of Lutterworth Press , one of Britain 's oldest independent publishers celebrated for Boy 's Own Paper and its sister Girl 's Own Paper .   The street 's name comes from the landlords of the area , the Pleydell-Bouveries , Earls of Radnor .

negative: Edward Richardson (priest) Edward Shaw Richardson ( 1862 -- 1921 ) was Archdeacon of Blackburn from 1920 to 1921 .   He was educated at Rossall School and Trinity College , Cambridge and ordained in 1867 . He began his ecclesiastical career with curacies in Poulton-le-Fylde , Corbridge , Kersal and Ancoats . He was then successively Rector of St Paul 's , Hulme ; Vicar of St Matthew 's , Bolton ; Rector of St George 's , Hulme ; and a Canon Residentiary of Manchesterbefore his Archdeacon 's appointment .   He died on 15 November 1921 .

negative: Valinor Valinor ( Land of the Valar ) is a fictional location in J. R. R. Tolkien 's legendarium , the realm of the Valar in Aman . It was also known as the Undying Lands , along with Tol Eressëa and the outliers of Aman . This latter name is somewhat misleading ; the land itself , while blessed , did not cause mortals to live forever . However , only immortal beings were generally allowed to reside there . Exceptionally the surviving bearers of the One Ring were allowed to dwell there for a time -- Bilbo and Frodo Baggins and Sam Gamgee -- and perhaps Gimli son of Glóin who , it is said , accompanied his friend Legolas to Valinor .

negative: The New European The New European is a British pro-EU weekly newspaper owned by Archant that began publication on 8 July 2016 . Launched as a response to the United Kingdom 's 2016 EU referendum , its readership is aimed at those who voted to remain within the European Union , with the newspaper 's tagline being `` The New Pop-up Paper for the 48 % '' .   It is edited by Matt Kelly , who formerly worked at the Daily Mirror and Local World .   The newspaper 's owners stated that The New European was to have an initial lifespan of just four issues , beyond which publication would be reviewed on a week-by-week basis . By the eve of the third edition the paper revealed it had broken even and sold around 40,000 copies . It continued to publish beyond its fourth issue , and is currently still publishing . The circulation was reported in November 2016 to be `` about 25,000 '' and , in February 2017 , to be 20,000 .   On 30 September 2016 , the newspaper won the serial rights to the fifth volume of Alastair Campbell 's diaries about the Blair government , which it serialised over three weeks . Subsequently in March 2017 the newspaper announced that it had appointed Campbell as editor-at-large .   The paper received a mainly positive reception from UK media critics .


query: receding polar ice caps have little if any negative impact on human health and welfare, and likely a positive benefit

positive: Effects of global warming on human health The effects of global warming include effects on human health . The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health . This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations .

negative: List of introduced species A complete list of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long . Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record . This list is generally for established species with truly wild populations -- not kept domestically -- that have been seen numerous times , and have breeding populations . While most introduced species can cause negative impact to new environments they reach , some can have positive impact , just for conservation purpose .

negative: Polarity symbols Many electrical devices use direct current ( DC ) power , often provided by an AC ( alternating current ) to DC adapter , also known as a `` wall wart '' or `` power brick '' . The adapter typically supplies power to the device through a thin electrical cord which terminates in a coaxial power connector often referred to as a `` barrel plug '' ( so-named because of its cylindrical shape ) . The polarity of the adapter cord and plug must match the polarity of the device , meaning that the positive contact of the plug must mate with the positive contact in the receptacle , and the negative plug contact must mate with the negative receptacle contact . Since there is no standardization of these plugs , a polarity symbol is printed on the case indicating which type of plug is needed .   The commonly used symbol denoting the polarity of a device or adapter consists of a black dot with a line leading to the right and a broken circle ( like the letter `` C '' ) surrounding the dot and with a line leading to the left . At the ends of the lines leading right and left are found a plus sign , meaning positive , and a minus sign , meaning negative .   The symbol connected to the dot ( usually the symbol found to the right ) denotes the polarity of the device or adapter . Thus a device with a plus sign at the end of the line leading from the center dot is said to have `` positive polarity '' and requires an adapter that has positive polarity . A device with a minus sign at the end of the line leading from the center dot has `` negative polarity '' and requires an adapter of negative polarity .

negative: Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved , rod-shaped , Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish saltwater , which , when ingested , causes gastrointestinal illness in humans . V. parahaemolyticus is oxidase positive , facultatively aerobic , and does not form spores . Like other members of the genus Vibrio , this species is motile , with a single , polar flagellum .

negative: Terminal (electronics) A terminal is the point at which a conductor from an electrical component , device or network comes to an end and provides a point of connection to external circuits . A terminal may simply be the end of a wire or it may be fitted with a connector or fastener . In network analysis , terminal means a point at which connections can be made to a network in theory and does not necessarily refer to any real physical object . In this context , especially in older documents , it is sometimes called a pole .   The connection may be temporary , as seen in portable equipment , may require a tool for assembly and removal , or may be a permanent electrical joint between two wires or devices .   All electric cells have two terminals . The first is the positive terminal and the second is the negative terminal . The positive terminal looks like a metal cap and the negative terminal looks like a metal disc . The current flows from the positive terminal , and out through the negative terminal , replicative of current flow ( positive to negative flow ) .

negative: Norge (airship) The Norge was a semi-rigid Italian-built airship that carried out the first verified trip of any kind to the North Pole and likely the first verified overflight on 12 May 1926 . It was also the first aircraft to fly over the polar ice cap between Europe and America . The expedition was the brainchild of polar explorer and expedition leader Roald Amundsen , the airship 's designer and pilot Umberto Nobile and American explorer Lincoln Ellsworth , who along with the Aero Club of Norway , financed the trip which was known as the Amundsen-Ellsworth 1926 Transpolar Flight .

negative: Electrical polarity Electrical polarity ( positive and negative ) is the direction of current flow in an electrical circuit . Current flows from the positive pole ( terminal ) to the negative pole . Electrons flow from negative to positive . In a direct current ( DC ) circuit , current flows in one direction only , and one pole is always negative and the other pole is always positive . In an alternating current ( AC ) circuit the two poles alternate between negative and positive and the direction of the current ( electron flow ) reverses periodically .

negative: Red-capped robin The red-capped robin ( Petroica goodenovii ) is a small passerine bird native to Australia . Found in drier regions across much of the continent , it inhabits scrub and open woodland . Like many brightly coloured robins of the family Petroicidae , it is sexually dimorphic . Measuring 10.5 -- 12.5 cm ( 4 -- 5 in ) in length , the robin has a small thin black bill , and dark brown eyes and legs . The male has a distinctive red cap and red breast , black upperparts , and a black tail with white tips . The underparts and shoulders are white . The female is an undistinguished grey-brown . This species uses a variety of songs , and males generally sing to advertise territories and attract females . Birds are encountered in pairs or small groups , but the social behaviour has been little studied .   The position of the red-capped robin is unclear ; it and its relatives are unrelated to European or American robins but appear to be an early offshoot of the songbird infraorder Passerida . The red-capped robin is a predominantly ground-feeding bird and its prey consists of insects and spiders . Although widespread , it is uncommon in much of its range and has receded in some areas from human activity .

negative: Legionella nagasakiensis Legionella nagasakiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a sample of hot spring water in Aomori in Japan and from human lung tissue . It is catalase-positive and rod-shaped , with a single polar flagellum .

negative: Essential health benefits In the context of health care in the United States , essential health benefits ( EHBs ) are a set of benefits that certain health insurance plans are required to cover for patients .   Essential health benefits must be offered by health plans in individual and small group markets , both inside and outside of the Health Insurance Marketplace . Large-group health plans , self-insured ERISA plans , and ERISA-governed multiemployer welfare arrangements not subject to state insurance law are exempt from the EHB requirement .

negative: Religion and health More than 3000 empirical studies have examined relationships between religion and health , including more than 1200 in the 20th century , and more than 2000 additional studies between 2000 and 2009 .  Various other reviews of the religion/spirituality and health literature have been published . These include two reviews from an NIH-organized expert panel that appeared in a 4-article special section of American Psychologist .  Several chapters in edited academic books have also reviewed the empirical literature .  Having a religious belief may have both positive and negative impacts on health and morbidity .

negative: Outline of Mars The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mars :   Mars -- fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System , after Mercury . Named after the Roman god of war , it is often referred to as the `` Red Planet '' because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance . Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere , having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys , deserts , and polar ice caps of Earth .

negative: Surprise (emotion) Surprise is a brief mental and physiological state , a startle response experienced by animals and humans as the result of an unexpected event . Surprise can have any valence ; that is , it can be neutral/moderate , pleasant , unpleasant , positive , or negative . Surprise can occur in varying levels of intensity ranging from very-surprised , which may induce the fight-or-flight response , or little-surprise that elicits a less intense response to the stimuli .

negative: Ecological Building Ecological Building is both a design process and the structure that is a result of such a design process .   The Ecological Building design process is a modern architecture variant of permaculture design .   An Ecological Building is a structure that is designed to create and sustain mutually beneficial relationships with all of the elements of its local ecology . A building 's local ecology , or environment , is made up of particular physical and biological elements and their interactions .   The abiotic , or physical elements are defined by the local geology and the local climate . The local geology is defined by the soil type , substrata , local land use , and water patterns of the site and its surroundings . The local climate is made up of the weather patterns , wind patterns , solar patterns , and pollution patterns for the site and its surroundings .   The biotic or living elements are all of the local species and local ecosystems - including humans and urban ecologies - that interact with the site .   This concept is distinctly different from green building , or sustainable architecture where the goal is to `` minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings '' . Ecological building is a positive design goal that sets out to increase beneficial interactions , whereas green building is a negative design outlook that seeks only the reduction of negative interactions . Inherent in green building is the assumption that any human interaction with a site is unavoidably negative , and that mitigating these negative impacts is the best that is possible . With Ecological Building , the designer acknowledges that humans can play an integral , beneficial role in improving and sustaining the health and vitality of their local ecology .

negative: Scientific opinion on climate change The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment among scientists regarding the extent to which global warming is occurring , its causes , and its probable consequences . The scientific consensus is that the Earth 's climate system is unequivocally warming , and that it is extremely likely ( meaning 95 % probability or higher ) that this warming is predominantly caused by humans . It is likely that this mainly arises from increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere , such as from deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels , partially offset by human caused increases in aerosols ; natural changes had little effect .   This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports , by scientific bodies of national or international standing , and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists . Individual scientists , universities , and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications , and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these respected reports and surveys .   National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming . These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report stated that :  Warming of the climate system is unequivocal , as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures , the widespread melting of snow and ice , and rising global average sea level .  Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities .  Benefits and costs of climate change for -LSB- human -RSB- society will vary widely by location and scale . Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative . Overall , net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming .  The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time .  The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change , associated disturbances ( e.g. flooding , drought , wildfire , insects , ocean acidification ) and other global change drivers ( e.g. land-use change , pollution , fragmentation of natural systems , over-exploitation of resources ) .   Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments , and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change . Policy decisions , however , may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion .   No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points . The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists , which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position . Some other organizations , primarily those focusing on geology , also hold non-committal positions .

negative: Swiss cheese features Swiss cheese features ( SCFs ) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery . They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep , with a flat base and steep sides . They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole , indicating that insolation is involved in their formation . The angle of the Sun probably contributes to their roundness . Near the Martian summer solstice , the Sun can remain continuously just above the horizon ; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight , and sublimate much more rapidly than the floor . The walls sublimate and recede , while the floor remains the same .  As the seasonal frost disappears , the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain . The SCFs have been observed to grow in size , year by year , at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters , suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer ( 8m ) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice . Later research with HiRISE showed that the pits are in a 1-10 meter thick layer of dry ice that is sitting on a much larger water ice cap . Pits have been observed to begin with small areas along faint fractures . The circular pits have steep walls that work to focus sunlight , thereby increasing erosion . For a pit to develop , a steep wall of about 10 cm and a length of over 5 meters in necessary .

negative: Administration of federal assistance in the United States In the United States , federal assistance , also known as federal aid , federal benefits , or federal funds , is defined as any federal program , project , service , or activity provided by the federal government that directly assists domestic governments , organizations , or individuals in the areas of education , health , public safety , public welfare , and public works , among others .   The assistance , which can reach to over $ 400 billion annually , is provided and administered by federal government agencies , such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , through special programs to recipients .

negative: Animal welfare and rights in Ethiopia Animal welfare and rights in Ethiopia is about the treatment of and laws concerning non-human animals in Ethiopia . Ethiopia has highly limited animal welfare regulations by international standards , and appears to have little animal activism .

negative: United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services The Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services ( formerly the Under Secretary of Health , Education , and Welfare , 1953 -- 1979 , and the Under Secretary of Health and Human Services , 1979 -- 1990 ) is the chief operating officer of the United States Department of Health and Human Services . The Deputy Secretary oversees all operations within the Department , including oversees Medicare , Medicaid , public health , medical research , food and drug safety , welfare , child and family services , disease prevention , Indian health , and mental health services . The incumbent Acting Deputy Secretary is Colleen Barros .   The Deputy Secretary is also the Regulatory Policy Officer for the Department , overseeing the development and approval of all HHS regulations and significant guidance . In addition , the Deputy Secretary leads a number of initiatives at the Department , including implementing the President 's Management Agenda , combating bio-terrorism , and public health emergency preparedness . He also represents Secretary Kathleen Sebelius on the board of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts .   The Deputy Secretary is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate . The Deputy Secretary is paid at level II of the Executive Schedule , meaning he or she receives a basic annual salary of $ 162,000 . The Deputy Secretary is assisted by a Principal Associate Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services , two Associate Deputy Secretaries , and three Staff Assistants . The position of Deputy Secretary was originally held by an Under Secretary until the position was retitled in August 1990 . The position of Under Secretary had been in existence since the creation of the Department of Health , Education , and Welfare in 1953 .

negative: Affirmative and negative In linguistics and grammar , affirmative and negative ( abbreviated respectively and ) are terms of opposite meaning which may be applied to statements , verb phrases , clauses , or other utterances . Essentially an affirmative ( positive ) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion , while a negative form expresses its falsity . Examples are the sentences `` Jane is here '' and `` Jane is not here '' ; the first is affirmative , while the second is negative .   The grammatical category associated with affirmative and negative is called polarity . This means that a sentence , verb phrase , etc. may be said to have either affirmative or negative polarity ( its polarity may be either affirmative or negative ) . Affirmative is typically the unmarked polarity , whereas a negative statement is marked in some way , whether by a negating word or particle such as English not , an affix such as Japanese - nai , or by other means , which reverses the meaning of the predicate . The process of converting affirmative to negative is called negation -- the grammatical rules for negation vary from language to language , and a given language may have more than one method of doing so .   Affirmative and negative responses ( especially , though not exclusively , to questions ) are often expressed using particles or words such as yes and no , where yes is the affirmative and no the negative particle .

negative: Under-occupancy penalty The under-occupancy penalty ( also known as the under occupation penalty , under-occupancy charge , under-occupation charge or size criteria ) is a reform contained in the British Welfare Reform Act 2012 whereby public-housing ( also called council or social housing ) tenants with rooms deemed to be `` spare '' face a reduction in Housing Benefit , resulting in them being obliged to fund this reduction from their incomes or face rent arrears and potential eviction by their landlord ( be that the local authority or a housing association ) . The under-occupancy penalty has been widely branded the Bedroom Tax , especially by critics of the changes who argue that they amount to a tax because of the lack of social housing ( or in some areas , any rented accommodation ) for affected tenants to downsize to ( and the refusal to accept the risk of taking lodgers in ) . The penalties are also criticised as having a disproportionate impact on disabled people .   In 2016 it was announced that the penalty would be extended to old people despite the government promising to protect the elderly from benefit cuts . Caroline Abrahams of Age UK , said : `` Imposing the cap on older tenants will not only cause them anxiety and distress , it is also pointless given the lack of affordable housing options available to them . ''   Supporters of the changes have referred to the unreformed system as a `` spare room subsidy '' whereby tax-payers are said to be subsidising social housing tenants living in houses larger than their needs require . The stated intention of the under-occupancy penalty policy is to reduce these costs and ease housing shortages and overcrowding . A similar policy was enacted over a decade beforehand in private sector housing , as the Local Housing Allowance , without attracting controversy , and this policy essentially represents an equalisation of treatment of benefit claimaints , regardless of whether they live in private tenancies or social housing . The reforms were one part of the 2010-2015 Coalition Government 's wide-ranging welfare reform agenda which included the introduction of Universal Credit , the introduction of a cap on the total size of the welfare bill ( see Welfare Cap ) , reform of Council Tax and reform of disability benefits ( see Personal Independence Payment ) .

negative: Responsible tourism in Thailand Responsible tourism is a relatively modern concept in the Kingdom of Thailand , that took root in the late-1990s . It is underpinned by the belief that tourism should develop in a manner that minimizes negative impacts on local communities , and wherever possible ensures that a positive symbiosis exist between hosts and visitors . Responsible travel promotes a respect for indigenous culture , the minimization of the negative environmental impacts of tourism , active participation in volunteering to assist local communities , and the structuring of businesses to benefit the final service provider rather than an international agent .

negative: Value-Based Insurance Design Value-Based Insurance Design ( a.k.a. V-BID , VBID , Evidence-Based Benefit Design , or Value-Based Benefit Design ) is a demand-side approach to health policy reform . V-BID generally refers to health insurers ' efforts to structure enrollee cost-sharing and other health plan design elements to encourage enrollees to consume high-value clinical services -- those that have the greatest potential to positively impact enrollee health . V-BID also discourages the use of low-value clinical services -- when benefits do not justify the cost . V-BID aims to increase health care quality and decrease costs by using financial incentives to promote cost efficient health care services and consumer choices . V-BID health insurance plans are designed with the tenets of `` clinical nuance '' in mind . These tenets recognize that medical services differ in the amount of health produced , and the clinical benefit derived from a specific service depends on the consumer using it , as well as when and where the service is provided .   The basic V-BID premise is to align patients ' out-of-pocket costs , such as copayments and premiums , with the value of health services . By reducing barriers to high-value treatments ( through lower costs to patients ) and discouraging low-value treatments ( through higher costs to patients ) , V-BID plans may achieve improved health outcomes at any level of health care expenditure . Studies have shown that when barriers are reduced , significant increases in patient compliance with recommended treatments and potential cost savings result .

negative: Polarity (physics) In physics , polarity is an attribute with two possible values . Polarity is a basic feature of the universe .   An electric charge can have either positive or negative polarity .  A voltage or potential difference between two points of an electric circuit has a polarity , describing which of the two points has the higher electric potential .  A magnet has a polarity , in that it has two poles described as `` north '' and `` south '' pole .  More generally , the polarity of an electric or magnetic field can be viewed as the sign of the vectors describing the field .  The spin of an entity in quantum mechanics can have a polarity -- parallel or anti-parallel to a given direction .

negative: Montanile v. Board of Trustees of Nat. Elevator Industry Health Benefit Plan Montanile v. Board of Trustees of the National Elevator Industry Health Benefit Plan , 577 U.S. ___ ( 2016 ) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States clarified subrogation procedures under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ( `` ERISA '' ) . The Court held that healthcare plan fiduciaries can not demand reimbursement for medical benefits from a plan member 's general assets if the beneficiary 's general assets can not be traced back to the original payment from the fiduciary . Although some scholars suggested that the court 's ruling would have little impact , others suggested the case places `` significant restrictions '' on the rights of ERISA benefit plan providers .

negative: Depolarization In biology , depolarization is a change within a cell , during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution , resulting in less negative charge inside the cell . Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells , communication between cells , and the overall physiology of an organism .   Most cells in higher organisms maintain an internal environment that is negatively charged relative to the cell 's exterior . This difference in charge is called the cell 's membrane potential . In the process of depolarization , the negative internal charge of the cell temporarily becomes more positive ( less negative ) . This shift from a negative to a more positive membrane potential occurs during several processes , including an action potential . During an action potential , the depolarization is so large that the potential difference across the cell membrane briefly reverses polarity , with the inside of the cell becoming positively charged .   The change in charge typically occurs due to an influx of sodium ions into a cell , although it can be mediated by an influx of any kind of cation or efflux of any kind of anion . The opposite of a depolarization is called a hyperpolarization .   Usage of the term `` depolarization '' in biology differs from its use in physics . In physics it refers instead to situations in which any form of polarity changes to a value of zero .   Depolarization is sometimes referred to as `` Hypopolarization '' .

negative: Argentière Glacier The Argentière Glacier is a glacier in the French Alps . It is one of the larger glaciers found within the Mont Blanc massif , and is situated above the village of Argentière . It lies perpendicular to the Chamonix valley and falls within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region .   From its source to the valley of Chamonix , the Argentière Glacier is nine kilometers long . Like many glaciers in the region , the Argentière has receded significantly . Between 1870 and 1967 , the glacier shrunk 1000 meters . In recent years , it has receded to a position atop a steep slope .   The glacier 's rapid retreat has been linked to a continuous negative mass balance . A five-year study started in 2004 showed that the glacier had lost an average of 1.5 m between 2004 and 2009 , and that there was a 10 -- 11 m loss in average ice thickness from the glacier .

negative: Welfare department Welfare department may refer to :   United States Department of Health , Education , and Welfare  Department of Social Welfare and Development ( Philippines )  Health , Welfare and Food Bureau of Hong Kong  Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare , former name of Pennsylvania Department of Human Services

negative: Staphylococcus xylosus Staphylococcus xylosus is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus . It is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms clusters of cells . Like most staphylococcal species , it is coagulase-negative and exists as a commensal on the skin of humans and animals and in the environment .   It appears to be far more common in animals than in humans . S. xylosus has very occasionally been identified as a cause of human infection , but in some cases it may have been misidentified .

negative: Health and Welfare Canada Health and Welfare Canada is a former Canadian federal department established in 1944 and split into two separate departments , Health Canada and Human Resources and Labour Canada , in June 1993 by Prime Minister Kim Campbell . Within a few months a new government was elected and Human Resources and Labour Canada became known as Human Resources Development Canada .

negative: Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services ( KEPHIS ) is a regulatory service to protect Kenya 's agriculture from pests and diseases that could impact upon the environment , economy and human health . It was formed under Plant Protection Act , ( Cap 324 ) and its mission is to assure quality Of agricultural inputs and produce to promote food security and sustainable development

negative: Limnobacter Limnobacter is a genus of Gram-negative , nonspore-forming , aerobic , oxidase - and catalase-positive , motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum , of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria . Limnobacter '' species have the ability to oxidize thiosulfate .

negative: Secretary for Health, Welfare and Food The Secretary for Health , Welfare and Food was a ministerial position in the Hong Kong Government , who headed the former Health , Welfare and Food Bureau ( HWFB ) . It was replaced by Secretary for Food and Health on July 1 , 2007 .   The position was politically appointed , and its term expired when the Chief Executive left office . The secretary was also a member of the Executive Council ( ExCo ) .