query: In which programming language is GIMP written?

positive: C (programming language) C (/ˈsiː/, as in the letter c) is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

positive: G'MIC G'MIC is a free and open-source framework for image processing. It defines a script language, that allow the creation of complex macros. Originally only usable through a command line interface, it is now currently mostly popular as a GIMP plugin. G'MIC is licensed under the CeCILL license.

positive: GIMP version history GIMP originally stood for General Image Manipulation Program. Its creators, Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis, began developing GIMP as a semester-long project at the University of California, Berkeley in 1995. The name was changed to the GNU Image Manipulation Program in 1997, after Kimball and Mattis had graduated, when it became an official part of the GNU Project.

positive: GTK+ GTK+ (formerly GIMP Toolkit, sometimes incorrectly termed the GNOME Toolkit) is a cross-platform widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. It is licensed under the terms of the LGPL, allowing both free and proprietary software to use it. It is one of the most popular toolkits for the Wayland and X11 windowing systems, along with Qt.

negative: AC3Filter AC3Filter is a free DirectShow filter for real time audio decoding and processing. It can decode the audio formats AC3, DTS, and MPEG Multichannel.

negative: ALGOL 60 ALGOL 60 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1960) is a member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages. It followed on from ALGOL 58 which had introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them.  ALGOL 60 was the first language implementing nested function definitions with lexical scope.  It gave rise to many other programming languages, including BCPL, B, Pascal, Simula and C.Niklaus Wirth based his own ALGOL W on ALGOL 60 before moving to develop Pascal.

negative: ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.The contributions of ALGOL 68 to the field of computer science have been deep, wide ranging and enduring, although many of these contributions were only publicly identified when they had reappeared in subsequently developed programming languages.

negative: AgentSheets AgentSheets is a Cyberlearning tool to teach students programming and related information technology skills through game design.AgentSheets is supported by a middle and high school curriculum called Scalable Game Design aligned with the ISTE National Educational Technology Standards (NETS).

negative: Autopackage Autopackage was a free computer package management system aimed at making it simple to create a package that can be installed on all Linux distributions, created by Mike Hearn around 2002.In August 2010, Listaller and Autopackage announced that the projects will merge.Projects such as aMSN and Inkscape offered an Autopackage installer, and Freshmeat.net offers content submitters a field to put the URL of Autopackages.

negative: C++ C++ (pronounced as cee plus plus, /ˈsiː plʌs plʌs/) is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation.It was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained and large systems, with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights.

negative: CinePaint CinePaint is an open source computer program for painting and retouching bitmap frames of films. It is a fork of version 1.0.4 of the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP).  It enjoyed some success as one of the earliest open source tools developed for feature motion picture visual effects and animation work.The main reason for this adoption over mainline gimp was its support for high bit depths (greater than 8-bits per channel) which can be required for film work.

negative: Common Lisp Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R2004) (formerly X3.226-1994 (R1999)). From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec, a hyperlinked HTML version, has been derived.The Common Lisp language was developed as a standardized and improved successor of Maclisp. Thus it is not an implementation, but rather a language specification.

negative: DYNAMO (programming language) DYNAMO (DYNAmic MOdels) was a simulation language and accompanying graphical notation developed within the system dynamics analytical framework.  It was originally for industrial dynamics but was soon extended to other applications, including population and resource studiesand urban planning.DYNAMO was initially developed under the direction of Jay Wright Forrester in the late 1950s, by Dr. Phyllis Fox,Alexander L. Pugh III, Grace Duren,and othersat the M.I.T.

negative: Darktable darktable is a free and open-source photography workflow application and raw developer. Rather than being a raster graphics editor such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMP, it comprises a subset of image editing operations specifically aimed at non-destructive raw photo post-production and is primarily focused on improving a photographer's workflow by facilitating the handling of large numbers of images.

negative: Dependent ML Dependent ML is an experimental functional programming language proposed by Hongwei Xi and Frank Pfenning. Dependent ML extends ML by a restricted notion of dependent types: types may be dependent on static indices of type Nat. Dependent ML employs a constraint theorem prover to decide a strong equational theory over the index expressions.By restricting the generality of full dependent types type checking remains decidable. Type inference remains undecidable.

negative: Dexterity programming language The Dexterity programming language was designed in the early 1990s for the implementation of platform independent graphical accounting software. Dexterity itself is written in the C programming language [1]. It was used in the development of Great Plains accounting software.Microsoft Business Solutions GP, formerly Great Plains Dynamics and eEnterprise, is a Dexterity-written application.

negative: Dia (software) Dia /ˈdiːə/is free and open source general-purpose diagramming software, developed originally by Alexander Larsson. Dia uses a controlled single document interface (SDI) similar to GIMP and Inkscape.

negative: Dwm dwm is a dynamic, minimalist tiling window manager for the X Window System that has influenced the development of several other X window managers, including xmonad and awesome. It is externally similar to wmii, but internally much simpler. dwm is written purely in C and for performance and security in addition to simplicity, and lacks any configuration interface besides editing the source code.

negative: FASM FASM (flat assembler) in computing is an assembler. It supports programming in Intel-style assembly language on the IA-32 and x86-64 computer architectures. It claims high speed, size optimizations, operating system (OS) portability, and macro abilities. It is a low-level assembler and intentionally uses very few command-line options (see SSSO principle).

negative: Ffdshow ffdshow is a codec mainly used for decoding of video in the MPEG-4 ASP (e.g. encoded with DivX or Xvid) and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video formats, but it supports numerous other video and audio formats as well. It is free software released under GNU General Public License 2.0, runs on Windows, and is implemented as a Video for Windows (VFW) codec and a DirectShow filter.

negative: Fortran Fortran (previously FORTRAN, derived from Formula Translating System) is a general-purpose, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

negative: Fotografix Fotografix is a freeware graphics editing program for Microsoft Windows. It has been noted for being portable and light on system resources while still providing features found in larger software.

negative: FreeMat FreeMat is a free open source numerical computing environment and programming language, similar to MATLAB and GNU Octave. In addition to supporting many MATLAB functions and some IDL functionality, it features a codeless interface to external C, C++, and Fortran code, further parallel distributed algorithm development (via MPI), and it has plotting and 3D visualization capabilities. Community support takes place in moderated Google Groups.

negative: GDK GDK (GIMP Drawing Kit) is a library that acts as a wrapper around the low-level functions provided by the underlying windowing and graphics systems. GDK lies between the display server and the GTK+ library, handling basic rendering such as drawing primitives, raster graphics (bitmaps), cursors, fonts, as well as window events and drag-and-drop functionality.Like GTK+, GDK is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

negative: GEGL The Generic Graphics Library (GEGL) is a programming library under development for image processing applications. It is mainly developed for GIMP in order to add support for higher bit depth images, and  non-destructive editing. It was partially implemented in GIMP 2.6, will be used directly in 2.10,  and may be used by other software too.Historically, the GEGL mascot, a five-legged goat created by George (Jiří) Lebl,found life as an easter egg in GNOME desktops.

negative: GIMP GIMP (/ɡɪmp/; an acronym for GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free and open-source raster graphics editor used for image retouching and editing, free-form drawing, resizing, cropping, photo-montages, converting between different image formats, and more specialized tasks.GIMP began in 1995 as the school project of two university students; now GIMP is a full-fledged application, available on all distributions of Linux, OS X and Microsoft Windows — XP and later versions.

negative: GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is the most widely used free software license, which guarantees end users (individuals, organizations, companies) the freedoms to run, study, share (copy), and modify the software. Software that allows these rights is called free software and, if the software is copylefted, requires those rights to be retained. The GPL demands both.

negative: GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library The GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) is a free library for arbitrary-precision arithmetic, operating on signed integers, rational numbers, and floating point numbers. There are no practical limits to the precision except the ones implied by the available memory in the machine GMP runs on (operand dimension limit is 232-1 bits on 32-bit machines and 237 bits on 64-bit machines). GMP has a rich set of functions, and the functions have a regular interface.

negative: GObject The GLib Object System, or GObject, is a free software library providing a portable object system and transparent cross-language interoperability. GObject is designed for use both directly in C programs to provide object-oriented C-based APIs and through bindings to other languages to provide transparent cross-language interoperability, e.g. PyGObject.

negative: Gambas Gambas is the name of an object-oriented dialect of the BASIC programming language as well as the integrated development environment that accompanies it. Designed to run on Linux and other Unix-like computer operating systems, its name is a recursive acronym for Gambas Almost Means Basic. Gambas is also the word for prawns in the Spanish and Portuguese language, from which the project's logos are derived.

negative: Game programmer A game programmer is a software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebases for video games or related software, such as game development tools. Game programming has many specialized disciplines all of which fall under the umbrella term of "game programmer". A game programmer should not be confused with a game designer, who works on game design.

negative: GimPhoto GimPhoto is a modification of the free and open source graphics program GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), with the intent to be a free replacement to Adobe Photoshop.It has a new menu layout, new brushes and gradient sets. Its primary purpose is to enhance GIMP in terms of user interface, use of the best plugins and other resources combined with the latest stable version of GIMP.

negative: Gutenprint Gutenprint (formerly Gimp-Print) is a collection of free software printer drivers for use with UNIX spooling systems, such as CUPS, lpr and LPRng. These drivers provide printing services for UNIX systems (including GNU/Linux), Mac OS X, RISC OS, Haiku and Microsoft Windows.It was originally developed as a plug-in for the GIMP, but later became a more general tool for use by other programs and operating systems (Apple and Windows).

negative: HTML HyperText Markup Language, commonly referred to as HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms.

negative: Java (programming language) Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.

negative: King Gimp King Gimp is a 1999 documentary that was awarded the 2000 Academy Award for Best Short Subject Documentary and 2000 Peabody Award. King Gimp follows the life of artist Dan Keplinger of Towson, Maryland, who has cerebral palsy. Filmmakers Susan Hannah Hadary and William A. Whiteford, of the University of Maryland Video Press and Tapestry International Productions produced the film.

negative: Linux Linux (pronounced /ˈlɪnəks/ LIN-əks or, less frequently, /ˈlaɪnəks/ LYN-əks) is a Unix-like and mostly POSIX-compliant computer operating system (OS) assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvalds.

negative: Lisp (programming language) Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish prefix notation.Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is older (by one year). Like Fortran, Lisp has changed a great deal since its early days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history.

negative: List of GNU packages This list of GNU packages lists notable software packages developed for or maintained by the Free Software Foundation as part of the GNU Project.  GNU is a Unix-like computer operating system composed entirely of free software. Many of these software packages are used together with the Linux kernel to build complete computer operating systems.

negative: List of Python software The Python programming language is actively used by many people, both in industry and academia for a wide variety of purposes.

negative: Lua (programming language) Lua (/ˈluːə/ LOO-ə, from Portuguese: lua [ˈlu.(w)ɐ] meaning moon; explicitly not "LUA" for it is not an acronym) is a lightweight multi-paradigm programming language designed as a scripting language with extensible semantics as a primary goal. Lua is cross-platform since it is written in ANSI C, and has a relatively simple C API.

negative: Mpg123 mpg123 is a free and open-source audio player. As the name suggests, it supports MPEG audio formats, including MP2, and MP3. It is a console application, meaning that it has no graphical user interface.

negative: Nemerle Nemerle is a general-purpose high-level statically typed programming language designed for platforms using the Common Language Infrastructure (.NET/Mono). It offers functional, object-oriented and imperative features. It has a simple C#-like syntax and a powerful metaprogramming system. In June 2012, the core developers of Nemerle were hired by the Czech software development company JetBrains.

negative: OSW3 OSW3 (Operating System Web 3.0) is a Linux-based operating system   based on the idea of cloud computing;  OSW3 leans heavily on on-line applications built on Web3.0 with html5 and they do not use local hardware and software. Also many of the documents created with OSW3 can be saved in the cloud.

negative: Objective-C Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. It is the main programming language used by Apple for the OS X and iOS operating systems, and their respective application programming interfaces (APIs), Cocoa and Cocoa Touch.The programming language Objective-C was originally developed in the early 1980s.

negative: PL/C PL/C is a computer programming language developed at Cornell University with the specific goal of being used for teaching programming.  It is based on  IBM's PL/I language, and was designed in the early 1970s.  Cornell also developed a compiler for the language that was based on its earlier CUPL compiler, and it was widely used in college-level programming courses.  The two researchers and academic teachers who designed PL/C were Richard W. Conway and Thomas R. Wilcox.

negative: Perl Perl is a family of high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. The languages in this family include Perl 5 and Perl 6.Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various backronyms in use, the most well-known being "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language". Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions.

negative: Pinta (software) Pinta is an open-source, cross-platform bitmap image drawing and editing program inspired by Paint.NET, a similar image editing program which is limited to Microsoft Windows. Pinta has more features than Microsoft Paint but is simpler and has fewer features than open-source image editor GIMP.

negative: Plug-in (computing) In computing, a plug-in (or add-in / addin, plugin, extension or add-on / addon) is a software component that adds a specific feature to an existing software application. When an application supports plug-ins, it enables customization. The common examples are the plug-ins used in web browsers to add new features such as search-engines, virus scanners, or the ability to use a new file type such as a new video format.

negative: Project Dogwaffle Project Dogwaffle is a raster graphics editor with animation capabilities.The program, written by Dan Ritchie, runs on the Windows platform and has both freeware and commercial versions.  The commercial version, PD Pro Digital Painter, is updated frequently while the most recent freeware version is Project Dogwaffle 1.2, released in 2004.

negative: Prolog Prolog is a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is declarative: the program logic is expressed in terms of relations, represented as facts and rules.

negative: PyGTK PyGTK is a set of Python wrappers for the GTK+ graphical user interface library. PyGTK is free software and licensed under the LGPL. It is analogous to PyQt/PySide and wxPython, the Python wrappers for Qt and wxWidgets, respectively. Its original author is the prominent GNOME developer James Henstridge.  Today there are six people in the core development team, with various other people who have submitted patches and bug reports.

negative: Python (programming language) Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles.

negative: Rapira Rapira is also a name for the T-12 antitank gun.Rapira (Russian: Рапира, rapier) is an educational procedural programming language developed in the USSR and implemented on Agat computer, PDP-11 clones (Electronika, DVK, BK series) and Intel-8080/Z80 clones (Korvet).  It was an interpreted language with dynamic type system and high level constructions.  The language originally had a Russian-based set of keywords, but English and Moldovan were added later.

negative: Ratpoison Ratpoison is a tiling window manager for the X Window System primarily developed by Shawn Betts. Ratpoison is written in C; Betts' StumpWM re-implements a similar window manager in Common Lisp. The user interface and much of their functionality are inspired by the GNU Screen terminal multiplexer.

negative: Ruby (programming language) Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.According to its authors, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object-oriented, and imperative. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.

negative: SIOD Scheme In One Defun (or Scheme In One Day) is a small-footprint implementation of the Scheme programming language, written in C and designed to be embedded inside C programs. It was originally written by Professor George J. Carrette at Boston University as a demonstration in a laboratory.

negative: SNOBOL SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language) is a series of computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4.  It was one of a number of text-string-oriented languages developed during the 1950s and 1960s; others included COMIT and TRAC.SNOBOL4 stands apart from most programming languages by having patterns as a first-class data type (i.e.

negative: Scheme (programming language) Scheme and Common Lisp are the two principal dialects of the computer programming language Lisp. Unlike Common Lisp, however, Scheme follows a minimalist design philosophy that specifies a small standard core accompanied by powerful tools for language extension.Scheme was created during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab and released by its developers, Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman, via a series of memos now known as the Lambda Papers.

negative: Scripting language A scripting language or script language is a programming language that supports scripts, programs written for a special run-time environment that can interpret (rather than compile) and automate the execution of tasks that could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator. Environments that can be automated through scripting include software applications, web pages within a web browser, the shells of operating systems (OS), and embedded systems.

negative: Seashore (software) Seashore is an image editor for Mac OS X that is based on the technology of GIMP, with a clean user interface (using Cocoa). Seashore uses GIMP's native file format, XCF, and has support for a handful of other graphics file formats, including full support for TIFF, PNG, and JPEG, and read-only support for BMP, PDF and GIF.

negative: Smalltalk YX Smalltalk YX (Syx) is an open source programming language. It's an implementation of the Smalltalk-80 standard.Syx is written in the C programming language and has the following purposes: Readable code Flexibility through easy creation of plugins Highly portable Optimized Modern Embeddable in C programs Easy to use, powerful and well-structured environment Small

negative: Solaris (operating system) Solaris is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It superseded their earlier SunOS in 1993. Oracle Solaris, as it is now known, has been owned by Oracle Corporation since Oracle's acquisition of Sun in January 2010.Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.

negative: Source code In computing, source code is  any collection of computer instructions (possibly with comments) written using some human-readable computer language, usually as text. The source code of a program is specially designed to facilitate the work of computer programmers, who specify the actions to be performed by a computer mostly by writing source code. The source code is often transformed by a compiler program into low-level machine code understood by the computer.

negative: Squeak The Squeak programming language is a dialect of Smalltalk. It is object-oriented, class-based and reflective.It was derived directly from Smalltalk-80 by a group at Apple Computer that included some of the original Smalltalk-80 developers. Its development was continued by the same group at Walt Disney Imagineering, where it was intended for use in internal Disney projects.Squeak is available for many platforms, and programs produced on one platform run bit-identical on all other platforms.

negative: Standard ML Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular among compiler writers and programming language researchers, as well as in the development of theorem provers.SML is a modern descendant of the ML programming language used in the Logic for Computable Functions (LCF) theorem-proving project.

negative: Stencyl Stencyl is a game creation platform that allows users to create 2D video games for computers, mobile devices, and the web. The software is available for free, with select publishing options available for purchase. The software was originally called "StencylWorks" while in development and for the initial release, but was later shortened to just "Stencyl".

negative: Tcl Tcl (originally from Tool Command Language, but conventionally spelled "Tcl" rather than "TCL"; pronounced as "tickle" or "tee-see-ell") is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout. Originally "born out of frustration", according to the author, with programmers devising their own languages intended to be embedded into applications, Tcl gained acceptance on its own. It is commonly used for rapid prototyping, scripted applications, GUIs and testing.

negative: TinyScheme TinyScheme is a free software implementation of the Scheme programming language with a lightweight Scheme interpreter of a subset of the R5RS standard. It is meant to be used as an embedded scripting interpreter for other programs. Much of the functionality in TinyScheme is included conditionally, to allow developers to balance features and size/footprint.TinyScheme is used by the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) starting with version 2.4, released in 2007.

negative: Tvtime tvtime is a program for Linux that allows a person to watch television through his or her PC using a TV tuner or a satellite receiver card DVB-S.tvtime does not use a general purpose widget set, so it does not favour any particular desktop environment. The interface to tvtime is custom-developed and resembles the on-screen display from a sophisticated TV set.

negative: UFRaw UFRaw (which stands for Unidentified Flying Raw) is an application which can read and manipulate photographs in raw image formats, as created by many digital cameras. UFRaw is available as both as a stand-alone program and as a plugin for GIMP (only on non-Microsoft Windows systems).

negative: Visual FoxPro Visual FoxPro is a data-centric, object-oriented, procedural, programming language produced by Microsoft. It is derived from FoxPro (originally known as FoxBASE) which was developed by Fox Software beginning in 1984. It contained the fastest PC-based database engine available at the time. Fox Technologies merged with Microsoft in 1992, after which the software acquired further features and the prefix \Visual\"."

negative: WATFIV WATFIV, or WATerloo FORTRAN IV,  developed at the University of Waterloo, Canada is an implementation of the Fortran computer programming language. It is the successor of WATFOR.WATFIV was used from the late 1960s into the mid-1980s. WATFIV was in turn succeeded by later versions of WATFOR.Because it could complete the three usual steps "\compile-link-go") in just one pass, the system became popular for teaching students computer programming.

negative: XCF (file format) XCF, short for eXperimental Computing Facility, is the native image format of the GIMP image-editing program. It saves all of the data the program handles related to the image, including among others each layer, the current selection, channels, transparency, paths and guides.The saved image data are compressed only by a simple RLE algorithm, but GIMP supports compressed files, using either gzip or bzip2.

negative: Xournal Xournal is a notetaking application written for Linux and other GTK+ platforms.  It bears some similarity to Windows Journal, Jarnal and Gournal.  It is designed to be used with either a stylus or a mouse.  It is also capable of adding annotations to PDF documents.

negative: Xynth Xynth is an embedded windowing system, released under LGPL, developed for systems with low resources, is an alternative for X Window System.The goal of the project is to release a soft but portable and powered Window Environment.The source language is C.A fork of the project exists as XFast.

negative: Xzgv xzgv is a simple, small software utility that can be used for viewing digital images or pictures of several formats, e.g., jpeg, GIF, PNG, etc. xzgv is used on computers using a Unix-like operating system and the X Window System.  Because xzgv is a fast, lightweight image viewer that is compatible with a large number of image formats, the viewer is popular on older, slower, resource-challenged computer systems.

negative: Zgv zgv is an image viewer for SVGAlib or SDL that incorporates a thumbnail-based file selector. Most file formats supported include GIF, JPEG, PNG, BMP, PCX, PCD, TIFF. Thumbnails used are compatible with xv, xzgv, and GIMP. There is also a version of zgv available for X11, released under the name xzgv.


query: permanent members of the UN Security Council

positive: Brazil and the United Nations Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations and participates in all of its specialized agencies. Brazil is among the twenty top contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations, and has participated in peacekeeping efforts in the Middle East, the former Belgian Congo, Cyprus, Mozambique, Angola, and more recently East Timor and Haiti. In 2010-2011, Brazil held a non-permanent seat in the Security Council for a two-year mandate.

positive: China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a sovereign state in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. The PRC is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing.

positive: China and the United Nations China is a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council after being on the winning side following World War Two.The Republic of China (ROC) joined the UN in 1945. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the government of the Republic of China relocated to Taipei after losing the Chinese Civil War.

positive: Enlargement of the United Nations As of April 2015, there are 193 United Nations (UN) member states, each of which is a member of the United Nations General Assembly.The following is a list of United Nations member states arranged in chronological order according to their dates of admission (with the United Nations Security Council resolutions that recommended their admission and the United Nations General Assembly resolutions that admitted them, signified with SCR and GAR, respectively), including former members.

positive: France and the United Nations The French Republic is a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. The nation originally joined the UN as the French Fourth Republic, however, after a series of crises, the French Fourth Republic collapsed and was dissolved by a public referendum on 5 October 1958.

positive: India and the United Nations India was among the original members of the United Nations that signed the Declaration by United Nations at Washington on 1 January 1942 and also participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945.

positive: Lauro Baja Lauro L. Baja, Jr. was the Permanent Representative to the United Nations for the Republic of the Philippines, and a former Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs. He presented his credentials to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 21 May 2003, replacing former Ambassador Alfonso T. Yuchengco. He was replaced by former Chief Justice Hilario Davide in 2006.He is a former president of the United Nations Security Council, where he took the chair for one month in 2004.

positive: List of members of the United Nations Security Council Membership of the United Nations Security Council is held by the five permanent members and ten elected, non-permanent members. Prior to 1966, there were six elected members, while the permanent members have in essence not changed since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, apart from the representation of China. Elected members hold their place on the Council for a two-year term, and half of these places are contested each year.

positive: P5+1 The P5+1 is a group of six world powers which, in 2006, joined together in diplomatic efforts with Iran with regard to its nuclear program. The term refers to the UN Security Council's five permanent members (the P5); namely China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States; plus Germany. The P5+1 is often referred to as the E3+3 by European countries.

positive: Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5, include the following five governments: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The members represent the five great powers considered the victors of World War II.

positive: Russia and the United Nations Russia succeeded the Soviet Union's seat, including its permanent membership on the Security Council in the United Nations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The succession was supported by the USSR's former members and was not objected to by the UN membership; Russia accounted for about half the Soviet Union's economy and most of its land mass; in addition, the history of the Soviet Union began in Russia.

positive: Soviet Union and the United Nations The Soviet Union was a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the Security Council. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, its UN seat was transferred to the Russian Federation.

positive: United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign state in Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the country includes the island of Great Britain—a term also applied loosely to refer to the whole country—the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.

positive: United Kingdom and the United Nations The United Kingdom is a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

positive: United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was  established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality.

positive: United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.

positive: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, on the situation in Libya, is a measure that was adopted on 17 March 2011. The Security Council resolution was proposed by France, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom.Ten Security Council members voted in the affirmative (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, Gabon, Lebanon, Nigeria, Portugal, South Africa, and permanent members France, the United Kingdom, and the United States).

positive: United Nations Security Council election, 2007 The 2007 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 2007 during the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at UN Headquarters in New York City.

positive: United Nations Security Council election, 2011 The 2011 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 and 24 October 2011 during the Sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Azerbaijan, Guatemala, Morocco, Pakistan, and Togo, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2012.

positive: United Nations Security Council election, 2012 The 2012 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 2012 during the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections were for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2013 to replace the five countries whose terms expired. The countries elected were Argentina, Australia, Luxembourg, the Republic of Korea, and Rwanda.

positive: United Nations Security Council election, 2015 The 2015 United Nations Security Council election will be held on 15 October 2015 during the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

positive: United Nations Security Council resolution A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security".The UN Charter specifies (in Article 27) that a draft resolution on non-procedural matters is adopted if nine or more of the fifteen Council members vote for the resolution, and if it is not vetoed by any of the five permanent members.

positive: United Nations Security Council veto power The United Nations Security Council "power of veto" refers to the veto power wielded solely by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States), enabling them to prevent the adoption of any "substantive" resolution, as well as decide which issues fall under "substantive" title.

positive: United States The United States of America (USA), commonly referred to as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major territories and various possessions. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is located in the northwestern part of North America and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.

positive: United States and the United Nations The United States of America is a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

negative: Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal 'Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal' (1938 – 26 August 2004) was a Yemeni diplomat who was a Permanent Representative at the United Nations in New York City for nearly 30 years.On 29 May 1973, Al-Ashtal was appointed as the Permanent Representative of South Yemen to the United Nations. In March 1990, he was President of the United Nations Security Council. After South Yemen and North Yemen united on 22 May 1990, al-Ashtal continued to represent the united Yemen at the UN.

negative: Adolfo Aguilar Zínser Adolfo Aguilar Zínser ((1949-12-02)December 2, 1949 – June 5, 2005(2005-06-05)) was a Mexican scholar, diplomat and politician who served as a National Security Advisor to President Vicente Fox and as a UN Security Council Ambassador in the midst of the US invasion of Iraq.Born in Mexico City into an upper-class family, Adolfo Aguilar was the son of Adolfo Aguilar y Quevedo a criminal lawyer and Carmen Zínser, a philanthropist.

negative: Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee The Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee (previously known as the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee) was established on 15 October 1999, pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1267 concerning Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda and/or the Taliban and associated individuals and entities.  It has subsequently been modified to deal with issues limited to al-Qaeda. The Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee is one of three Security Council committees dealing with counter-terrorism.

negative: Alain Paul Lebeaupin Archbishop Alain Paul Lebeaupin was born in Paris, France, on 2 March 1945. He is the Apostolic nuncio to European Community.

negative: Arne Sunde Arne Toralf Sunde (6 December 1883 – 30 July 1972) was a Norwegian politician, Olympic shooter and army officer. He is best known for his participation in the 1940 Norwegian Campaign, his participation in Nygaardsvold's Cabinet during its 1940–1945 exile in London and three years as a United Nations ambassador. Sunde was President of the United Nations Security Council in June 1949 and July 1950.

negative: Boutros Boutros-Ghali Boutros Boutros-Ghali (بطرس بطرس غالى Buṭrus Buṭrus Ghālī , Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈbotɾos ˈɣæːli]; born 14 November 1922) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from January 1992 to December 1996. An academic and former Vice Foreign Minister of Egypt, Boutros Boutros-Ghali oversaw the UN at a time when it dealt with several world crises, including the break-up of Yugoslavia and the Rwandan Genocide.

negative: Canada and the United Nations Canada has been a member of the United Nations since it was established, and has served six separate terms on the UN Security Council. Canada has also participated in United Nations peacekeeping missions.

negative: Chapter II of the United Nations Charter Chapter II of the United Nations Charter deals with membership of the United Nations organization. Membership is open to the original signatories and "all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations." A country can only be admitted to the UN after the UN General Assembly votes to do so upon the recommendation of the UN Security Council.

negative: Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security".Chapter VII also gives the Military Staff Committee responsibility for strategic coordination of forces placed at the disposal of the UN Security Council.

negative: Chapter V of the United Nations Charter Chapter V of the United Nations Charter contains provisions establishing the United Nations Security Council. Article 23  establishes the composition of the Security Council, with five permanent members (the Republic of China, (currently People's Republic of China), France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly. The non-permanent members serve two year terms and cannot be immediately re-elected.

negative: Chapter XIII of the United Nations Charter Chapter XIII of the United Nations Charter deals with the UN Trusteeship Council. It guarantees each of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council a seat on the council (albeit without veto) as well as those administering trust countries, and as many other members elected by the UN General Assembly as may be necessary to have an equal number of trust-administering and non-trust-administering countries on the Trusteeship Council.

negative: Claude Corea Sir George Claude Stanley Corea (29 January 1894 – 2 September 1962) was a Sri Lankan politician and diplomat.

negative: Emyr Jones Parry Sir Emyr Jones Parry, GCMG, FInstP (born 21 September 1947) is a retired British diplomat. He is a former British Permanent Representative to the United Nations (UN) and former UK Permanent Representative on the North Atlantic Council (NATO).

negative: France France, officially the French Republic (French: République française), is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories.

negative: Giovanni Tonucci Monsignor Giovanni Tonucci (born December 4, 1941 in Fano, PU, Italy) is a Latin Rite Italian archbishop of the Catholic Church. He was recently named the Territorial Prelate of Loreto. His previous post was as the Apostolic Nuncio (Papal ambassador) to Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway.

negative: Headquarters of the United Nations The Headquarters of the United Nations is a complex in New York City. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east.

negative: Jeane Kirkpatrick Jeane J. Kirkpatrick (née Jeane Duane Jordan; November 19, 1926 – December 7, 2006) was an American ambassador and an ardent anti-communist. She was a long-time Democrat, who turned Republican in 1985. After serving as Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser in his 1980 campaign, she became the first woman to serve as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.She was known for the "Kirkpatrick Doctrine", which advocated U.S.

negative: Johan C. Verbeke Johan C. Verbeke (born 1951) is a Belgian diplomat and a former Belgian Ambassador to the United Kingdom.Prior to serving in London, Verbeke was the Secretary-General’s Special Representative and Head of the UN Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) in 2008–09. He was formerly the permanent representative of Belgium to the United Nations and to its Security Council. He was briefly the UN special coordinator for Lebanon, serving as the United Nations Secretary General's representative in Lebanon.

negative: Joy Ogwu Joy Uche Angela Ogwu (born August 23, 1946) is a former Foreign Minister of Nigeria and has been the Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the United Nations in New York since 2008. She is the first woman to hold the post of Permanent Representative to the United Nations  in the history of Nigeria. Prior to her ministerial career, Dr. Joy Ogwu, who is from Delta State, served as Director–General of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA).

negative: List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the organ of the United Nations charged with maintaining peace and security among nations. While other organs of the United Nations only make recommendations to member governments, the Security Council has the power to make decisions; which member governments must carry out if they fall under Chapter VII of the under the United Nations Charter.

negative: List of the UN resolutions concerning Israel and Palestine The following is a list of United Nations resolutions that concern both Israel and Palestine and bordering states such as Lebanon. As of 2013, Israel had been condemned in 45 resolutions by United Nations Human Rights Council since its creation in 2006—the Council had resolved almost more resolutions condemning Israel than on the rest of the world combined.

negative: Liu Chieh Liu Chieh (Chinese: 劉鍇; 1905 – 12 February 1991) was a diplomat of the Republic of China. He represented China at the United Nations from 1962 to 1971, and was the last Permanent Representative of the Republic of China at the UN.Liu studied at Oxford University and practiced as a barrister in China. He was an advisor to the Chinese delegation at the meetings that established the League of Nations.

negative: Luxembourg and the United Nations The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a charter member of the United Nations and served as one of the ten non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (2013–2014).

negative: Mark Lyall Grant Sir Mark Justin Lyall Grant KCMG (born 29 May 1956) is a senior British diplomat who most recently served as Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations.

negative: Max van der Stoel Maximilianus "Max" van der Stoel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmɑksimiliˈaːnʏs mɑks vɑn dər stul]; 3 August 1924 – 23 April 2011) was a Dutch politician and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. He served as the first High Commissioner on National Minorities of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.On 17 May 1991, he was granted the honorary title of Minister of State.

negative: Member states of the United Nations There are 193 United Nations (UN) member states, and each of them is a member of the United Nations General Assembly.The criteria for admission of new members are set out in the United Nations Charter, Chapter II, Article 4: Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

negative: Oleg Troyanovsky Oleg Alexandrovich Troyanovsky (24 November 1919 – 21 December 2003) was ambassador of the Soviet Union to Japan and China and was the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations (from 1977 to 1986).Troyanovsky was born into a diplomatic family.  His father, Aleksandr A. Troyanovsky, served as the first Soviet ambassador to the United States from 1934 to 1938 and was also Soviet Ambassador to Japan from 1929-1932.

negative: Pakistan and the United Nations Pakistan officially joined the United Nations (UN) on 30 September 1947 just over a month after its independence from the British Empire. Today, it is a charter member and participates in all of the UN's specialised agencies and organisations. Pakistan has been elected a number of times into the UN Security Council (see List of members of the United Nations Security Council).

negative: Peter Ricketts For the American businessman and politician, see Pete Ricketts.Sir Peter Forbes Ricketts, GCMG GCVO (born September 1952) is a senior British diplomat.On 24 June 2011, the Prime Minister's Office announced that Ricketts would replace Peter Westmacott as UK Ambassador to France effective January 2012, with Kim Darroch taking Ricketts's old role as National Security Adviser.

negative: Reform of the United Nations Security Council Reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) encompasses five key issues: categories of membership, the question of the veto held by the five permanent members, regional representation, the size of an enlarged Council and its working methods, and the Security Council-General Assembly relationship.

negative: Singapore and the United Nations Singapore officially became the 117th member of the United Nations (UN) after its independence on September 21, 1965. From 2001 to 2002, Singapore held a rotational seat on the United Nations Security Council and has participated in UN peacekeeping/observer missions in Kuwait, Angola, Kenya, Cambodia and Timor Leste.

negative: Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk]) abbreviated to USSR (Russian: СССР, tr. SSSR) or shortened to the Soviet Union (Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з, tr. Sovetskij Soyuz; IPA: [sɐ'vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs]), was a Marxist–Leninist state on the Eurasian continent that existed between 1922 and 1991.

negative: Stefan Tafrov Stefan Tafrov is a Bulgarian politician, born on 11 February 1958, in Sofia.  He was the Permanent Representative of Bulgaria to the United Nations between 2001 and 2006, being replaced by Ivan T. Piperkov. In September 2002 and December 2003, as part of the standard presidency rotation, he took up the presidency of the United Nations Security Council.He graduated from Lycée de la langue française, also in Sofia, in 1977.

negative: Susan Rice Susan Elizabeth Rice (born November 17, 1964) is the United States National Security Advisor. Rice is a former U.S. diplomat, former Brookings Institution fellow, and former United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Rice served on the staff of the National Security Council, and as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs during President Bill Clinton's second term. Rice was confirmed as UN ambassador by the U.S.

negative: Taiwan Taiwan (/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó) is a sovereign state in East Asia. The Republic of China, originally based in mainland China, now governs the island of Taiwan, which makes up over 99% of its territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands.

negative: Thomas Mayr-Harting Thomas Mayr-Harting (born 22 May 1954 in Epsom, Surrey) is an Austrian diplomat. He is the current EU Head of Delegation to the United Nations. Before taking up this appointment he served as Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations in New York between December 2008 and October 2011. In this latter capacity he also represented Austria on the United Nations Security Council from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2010.

negative: United Nations Charter The Charter of the United Nations is the foundational treaty of the intergovernmental organization; the United Nations. It was signed at the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center in San Francisco, United States, on 26 June 1945, by 50 of the 51 original member countries.

negative: United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA, GA, or, from the French: Assemblée Générale, "AG") is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.

negative: United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377 United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution 377 A, the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, states that in any cases where the Security Council, because of a lack of unanimity amongst its five permanent members, fails to act as required to maintain international peace and security, the General Assembly shall consider the matter immediately and may issue any recommendations it deems necessary in order to restore international peace and security.

negative: United Nations General Assembly observers In addition to its 193 member states, the United Nations General Assembly may grant observer status to an international organization, entity or non-member state, which entitles the entity to participate in the work of the United Nations General Assembly, though with limitations.

negative: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 is a resolution that was intended to resolve the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.It was unanimously approved by the United Nations Security Council on 11 August 2006. The Lebanese cabinet unanimously approved the resolution on 12 August 2006. On the same day, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said that his militia would honor the call for a ceasefire. He also said that once the Israeli offensive stops, Hezbollah's rocket attacks on Israel would stop.

negative: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747 was a United Nations Security Council resolution that tightened the sanctions imposed on Iran in connection with the Iranian nuclear program.

negative: United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967, in the aftermath of the Six-Day War. It was adopted under Chapter VI of the UN Charter.

negative: United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 United Nations Security Council resolution 598 S/RES/0598 (1987), (UNSC resolution 598)  adopted unanimously on 20 July 1987, after recalling Resolution 582 and 588, called for an immediate ceasefire between Iran and Iraq and the repatriation of prisoners of war, and for both sides to withdraw to the international border. The resolution requested the Secretary-General to dispatch a team of observers to monitor the ceasefire while a permanent settlement was reached to end the conflict.

negative: United Nations Security Council Resolution 940 United Nations Security Council resolution 940, adopted on 31 July 1994, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993), 862 (1993), 867 (1993), 873 (1993), 875 (1993), 905 (1994), 917 (1994) and 933 (1994), the Council permitted a United States-led force to restore President Jean-Bertrand Aristide and authorities of the Government of Haiti, and extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) for an additional six months.

negative: United Nations Security Council election, 2006 The 2006 United Nations Security Council election  began on 16 October 2006 during the 61st session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

negative: United Nations Security Council election, 2013 The 2013 United Nations Security Council election was held on 17 October 2013 during the 68th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The Assembly elected Chad, Chile, Lithuania, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2014.

negative: United Nations Security Council election, 2014 The 2014 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 2014 during the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

negative: United Nations Security Council election, 2016 The 2016 United Nations Security Council election will be held in June 2016 during the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

negative: United Nations Security Council election, 2018 The 2018 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2018 during the 72nd session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2019. It marks the first time that Israel will be a candidate for the council.

negative: United Nations Security Council election, November 1946 The second 1946 United Nations Security Council election was held on 19 November 1946 during the First session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected Belgium, Colombia, and Syria, as the three new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing in January 1947.

negative: United States Ambassador to the United Nations The United States Ambassador to the United Nations  is the leader of the U.S. delegation, the U.S. Mission to the United Nations.  The position is more formally known as the "Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations"; it is also known as the U.S.


query: Neil Gaiman novels

positive: A Study in Emerald "A Study in Emerald" is a short story written by British fantasy and graphic novel author Neil Gaiman. The story is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche transferred to the Cthulhu Mythos universe of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. It won the 2004 Hugo Award for Best Short Story. The title is a reference to the Sherlock Holmes novel A Study in Scarlet. "A Study in Emerald" first appeared in the anthology Shadows Over Baker Street, a collection of stories combining the worlds of Arthur Conan Doyle and H. P.

positive: A Walking Tour of the Shambles A Walking Tour of the Shambles (Little Walks For Sightseers #16) (2002), written by Neil Gaiman and Gene Wolfe, is a novel in the form of a tour guide concerning a fictional part of Chicago called 'The Shambles'. It guides the reader through such non-existent landmarks as The House of Clocks (see the official website), Cereal House (home of the Terribly Strange Bed), and Gavagan's Irish Saloon.

positive: American Gods American Gods is a Hugo and Nebula Award-winning novel by Neil Gaiman. The novel is a blend of Americana, fantasy, and various strands of ancient and modern mythology, all centering on the mysterious and taciturn Shadow.  Several of the themes touched upon in the book were previously glimpsed in The Sandman graphic novels.The book was published in 2001 by Headline in the United Kingdom and by William Morrow in the United States.

positive: Anansi Boys Anansi Boys is a novel by Neil Gaiman. In the novel, "Mr. Nancy", an incarnation of the West African trickster god Anansi, dies, leaving two sons, who in turn discover each other. The novel follows their adventures as they explore their common heritage.Anansi Boys was published on 20 September 2005 and was released in paperback on 1 October 2006. The book debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list, and won both the Locus Award and the British Fantasy Society Award in 2006.

positive: Blueberry Girl Blueberry Girl is a book by Neil Gaiman and Charles Vess. It was conceived as a poem of the same name, written in 2000 by Neil Gaiman for his goddaughter Tash, the daughter of his friend Tori Amos. In 2004, Neil Gaiman announced that Charles Vess was painting pictures to go with the poem, with the intention of publishing it as book.The book was published in 2009 by HarperCollins.

positive: Coraline Coraline /ˈkɒrəlaɪn/ is a dark fantasy, children's novella by British author Neil Gaiman, published in 2002 by Bloomsbury and Harper Collins. It was awarded the 2003 Hugo Award for Best Novella, the 2003 Nebula Award for Best Novella, and the 2002 Bram Stoker Award for Best Work for Young Readers. It has been compared to Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and was adapted into a 2009 stop-motion film directed by Henry Selick.

positive: Crazy Hair Crazy Hair is a book by Neil Gaiman and Dave McKean, published in 2009 in the United States by HarperCollins, and in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury. It is based on a poem by Gaiman, with artwork by McKean.In the story a father and child discover the joys of his crazy hair.It is also available in Italian.

positive: Creatures of the Night (comics) Creatures of the Night is a graphic novel by Neil Gaiman which reprints two short stories from his collection Smoke and Mirrors with elaborate illustrations by artist Michael Zulli.

positive: Eternity's Wheel Eternity's Wheel is a fantasy and science fiction novel by Neil Gaiman, Michael Reaves and Mallory Reaves. It is the third novel in the InterWorld trilogy; previous volumes were the 2007 novel InterWorld and its 2013 sequel The Silver Dream.  Eternity's Wheel was issued by HarperTeen, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, on May 19, 2015.

positive: Good Omens Good Omens: The Nice and Accurate Prophecies of Agnes Nutter, Witch (1990) is a World Fantasy Award-nominated novel written in collaboration between the English authors Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman. The book is a comedy about the birth of the son of Satan, the coming of the End Times, and the attempts of the angel Aziraphale and the demon Crowley to avert them, having become accustomed to their comfortable situations in the human world.

positive: Hob Gadling Hob Gadling, also known as Robert, Robbie, or Bobby, is a fictional character from the Sandman comic book series by Neil Gaiman. Gadling first appears in issue #13, "Men of Good Fortune". A soldier who has recently fought in the Hundred Years' War, Gadling argues with friends about the nature of death in an inn located in what will become modern-day London.

positive: InterWorld InterWorld is a fantasy and science fiction novel by Neil Gaiman and Michael Reaves. The book was published in 2007 by EOS, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. It follows the story of Joey Harker who, together with a group of other Joeys from different Earths in other parallel universes, try to stop the two forces of magic and science from taking over all of the Earths in different universes.

positive: M Is for Magic M Is for Magic is a collection of child-friendly short fiction by Neil Gaiman.The stories and poems were selected from previously published works, with the exception of "The Witch's Headstone", which is an excerpt from the later-published  novel, The Graveyard Book, and are: "The Case Of The Four And Twenty Blackbirds" (first published in Knave) "Troll Bridge" (first published in Smoke and Mirrors) "Don't Ask Jack" (first published in Smoke and Mirrors) "How To Sell The Ponti Bridge" (first published in Imagine #24) "October In The Chair" (first published in Conjunctions) "Chivalry" (first published in Smoke and Mirrors) "The Price" (first published in Smoke and Mirrors) "How to Talk to Girls at Parties" (first published in Fragile Things) "Sunbird" (first published in Noisy Outlaws) "The Witch's Headstone" (first published in Dark Alchemy: Magical Tales from the Masters of Modern Fantasy) "Instructions" (first published in Wolf at the Door)All the stories also appeared in Coraline and Other Stories (2007) published by Bloomsbury in the UK.

positive: Murder Mysteries "Murder Mysteries" is a fantasy short story by Neil Gaiman first published in the 1992 anthology Midnight Graffiti and later collected in his collection Smoke and Mirrors.

positive: Neil Gaiman's Only the End of the World Again Neil Gaiman's Only The End of the World Again is a 2000 compilation of a serialized fantasy story published by Oni Press and originally appearing in Oni Double Feature #6-8 during 1998. The story was created and written by Neil Gaiman, adapted to comic by P.

positive: Neil Gaiman Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman (/ˈɡeɪmən/; born Neil Richard Gaiman; 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, audio theatre and films. His notable works include the comic book series The Sandman and novels Stardust, American Gods, Coraline, and The Graveyard Book. He has won numerous awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker awards, as well as the Newbery and Carnegie medals.

positive: Neil Gaiman bibliography This is a bibliography of works by Neil Gaiman.

positive: Neverwhere Neverwhere is an urban fantasy television series by Neil Gaiman that first aired in 1996 on BBC Two. The series is set in "London Below", a magical realm coexisting with the more familiar London, referred to as "London Above". It was devised by Neil Gaiman and Lenny Henry, and directed by Dewi Humphreys. Gaiman later adapted the series into novel form. The series and book were partially inspired by Gene Wolfe's novel Free Live Free.

positive: Neverwhere (novel) Neverwhere is the companion novelisation by Neil Gaiman of the television serial Neverwhere, by Neil Gaiman and Lenny Henry. The plot and characters are exactly the same as in the series, with the exception that the novel form allowed Gaiman to expand and elaborate on certain elements of the story and restore changes made in the televised version from his original plans.

positive: Odd and the Frost Giants Odd and the Frost Giants (2008) is a World Book Day book by Neil Gaiman. It draws on Norse mythology and also the historical Vikings.

positive: Rose Walker Rose Walker is a fictional character from the Sandman series written by Neil Gaiman. She makes her first appearance in issue #10, part one of The Doll's House story arc. She is a beautiful young girl, a blonde with red- and purple-dyed streaks in her hair. (In later issues she is shown as having red hair with a blonde streak.) There are various indications that Rose is, or became, one of the immortals occasionally featured in Sandman.

positive: Sandman Midnight Theatre Sandman Midnight Theatre is the title of a comic book in which two DC comics characters called the Sandman, Dream and Wesley Dodds, encounter each other.It was a one-shot, co-written by Sandman Mystery Theatre author Matt Wagner (co-plot) and Sandman author Neil Gaiman (co-plot/script), and featured painted artwork by Teddy Kristiansen and was lettered by Todd Klein.It received the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award for Favorite Original Graphic Novel/Album for 1996.It was published with a cover date of September 1995.

positive: Signal to Noise (comics) Signal to Noise (ISBN 1-56971-144-5) is a graphic novel written by Neil Gaiman and illustrated by Dave McKean. It was originally serialised in the UK style magazine The Face, beginning in 1989, and collected as a graphic novel in 1992, published by Victor Gollancz Ltd in the UK and by Dark Horse Comics in the US.The story examines the relationship between images of an imagined World Apocalypse and the experience of one man's personal, individual apocalypse.

positive: Stardust (novel) Stardust is a novel by Neil Gaiman, usually published with illustrations by Charles Vess. Stardust has a different tone and style from most of Gaiman's prose fiction, being consciously written in the tradition of pre-Tolkien English fantasy, following in the footsteps of authors such as Lord Dunsany and Hope Mirrlees.

positive: The Graveyard Book The Graveyard Book is a children's fantasy novel by the English author Neil Gaiman, simultaneously published in Britain and America during 2008. The Graveyard Book traces the story of the boy Nobody Owens who is adopted and raised by the supernatural occupants of a graveyard after his family is brutally murdered.Gaiman won both the British Carnegie Medal and the American Newbery Medal recognizing the year's best children's books, the first time both named the same work.

positive: The Ocean at the End of the Lane The Ocean at the End of the Lane is a 2013 novel by British author Neil Gaiman. The work was first published on 18 June 2013 through William Morrow and Company and follows an unnamed man who returns to his hometown for a funeral and remembers events that began forty years earlier.Themes in The Ocean at the End of the Lane include the search for self-identity and the "disconnect between childhood and adulthood".Among other honors, it was voted Book of the Year in the British National Book Awards.

positive: The Sandman: Endless Nights The Sandman: Endless Nights is a graphic novel written by Neil Gaiman as a follow-up to his Sandman series. The book is divided into seven chapters, each devoted to one of the Endless, a family of brothers and sisters who are physical manifestations of the metaphysical concepts Dream, Death, Desire, Destruction, Delirium, Despair and Destiny. It was published by DC Comics in 2003. It won the Bram Stoker Award for Best Illustrated Narrative.

positive: The Sandman: The Dream Hunters "The Sandman: The Dream Hunters" is a novella by English author Neil Gaiman, illustrated by Yoshitaka Amano. The story is tangential to The Sandman comic book series, and can be read without prior knowledge of the main sequence. It won the Bram Stoker Award for Best Illustrated Narrative. The story deals with a love affair between a Buddhist monk and a fox spirit or kitsune.Gaiman's afterword states that it was based on an old Japanese folk tale, drawn from Y. T.

positive: The Sandman (Vertigo) The Sandman is an American comic book series written by Neil Gaiman and published by DC Comics imprint Vertigo. Artists include Sam Kieth, Mike Dringenberg, Jill Thompson, Shawn McManus, Marc Hempel, and Michael Zulli, lettering by Todd Klein, and covers by Dave McKean. Beginning with issue No. 47, it was placed under the Vertigo imprint. It tells the story of Dream of the Endless, who rules over the world of dreams.

positive: The Silver Dream The Silver Dream is a fantasy and science fiction novel by Neil Gaiman, Michael Reaves and Mallory Reaves. It is a sequel to the 2007 novel InterWorld, and was published in 2013 by HarperTeen, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers.

positive: The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Mr. Punch The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Mr. Punch or simply Mr. Punch is a graphic novel written by Neil Gaiman, illustrated and designed by Dave McKean. It was published in 1994.

positive: The Wolves in the Walls The Wolves in the Walls is a book by Neil Gaiman and Dave McKean, published in 2003, in the United States by HarperCollins, and in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury. The book was highly praised on release, winning three awards for that year. In 2006, it was made into a musical which toured the UK and visited the US in 2007.Neil Gaiman has said the story was inspired by a nightmare his daughter Maddy, then aged 4, had that there were wolves in the walls.

positive: Two Plays for Voices Two Plays for Voices is a sound recording of two of Neil Gaiman's short stories, "Snow, Glass, Apples" and "Murder Mysteries"."Snow, Glass, Apples" relates the traditional tale of Snow White from the non-traditional point of view of the Queen. In the story, no character is without their flaws, including Snow White, Prince Charming, and the narrator herself.

positive: Violent Cases Violent Cases is a short graphic novel written by Neil Gaiman and illustrated by Dave McKean. It was McKean's first published work in comics. Though drawn by McKean in shades of blue, brown, and grey, when it was first published by Escape Books in 1987, it was printed in black-and-white.

negative: Foxglove (DC Comics) Foxglove (Donna Cavanagh) is a fictional character from the Sandman graphic novels, written by Neil Gaiman.  She first appears in Sandman #32 (November 1991), though she is first mentioned by her real name in Sandman #6 (June 1989).

negative: Harlequin Valentine "Harlequin Valentine" is a bloody and romantic short story (1999) and graphic novel (2001) based on the old  Commedia dell'arte and Harlequinade pantomime.Both the short story and the graphic novel were written by Neil Gaiman. The latter was drawn by John Bolton, and published by Dark Horse Books.  The short story has been republished in Fragile Things.

negative: InterWorld (series) InterWorld is a trilogy of fantasy and science fiction novels written by Neil Gaiman, Michael Reaves and later Mallory Reaves. The books are published by EOS and HarperTeen, imprints of HarperCollins Publishers.

negative: Marvel 1602 Marvel 1602 is an eight-issue comic book limited series published in 2003 by Marvel Comics. The limited series was written by Neil Gaiman, penciled by Andy Kubert, and digitally painted by Richard Isanove; Scott McKowen illustrated the distinctive scratchboard covers. The eight-part series takes place in a timeline where Marvel superheroes exist in the Elizabethan era; faced with the destruction of their world by a mysterious force, the heroes must fight to save their universe.

negative: Neverwhere (radio play) Neverwhere is a radio drama based on the novel Neverwhere by Neil Gaiman.  It was dramatised by Dirk Maggs.

negative: The Fermata For the musical notation, see fermata.The Fermata (ISBN 9780679415862) is a 1994 novel by Nicholson Baker. It is about a man named Arno Strine who can stop time, and uses this ability to embark on a series of sexual adventures.

negative: Voice of the Fire Voice of the Fire is the first novel from Alan Moore, acclaimed comic book writer. The twelve-chapter book was initially published in the United Kingdom c. 1996. The narratives take place around Moore’s hometown of Northampton, England during the month of November, and span several millennia – from 4000 B.C. to the present day. The 2004 edition from Top Shelf Productions features an introduction from Neil Gaiman and colour plates by artist José Villarrubia.

negative: Neil Gaiman's Midnight Days Neil Gaiman's Midnight Days is a 1999 compilation of new and previously released comics stories written by Neil Gaiman, and published by the Vertigo imprint of American company  DC Comics.

negative: The Neil Gaiman Reader The Neil Gaiman Reader: Essays and Explorations is a collection of essays on fantasy and horror writer Neil Gaiman and his works, edited by Darrell Schweitzer. It was first published in hardcover and trade paperback in 2007 by Wildside Press.The book consists of sixteen essays by various authors, together with an introduction by the editor, two interviews of Gaiman and a bibliography of his published works.

negative: Fragile Things Fragile Things: Short Fictions and Wonders is a collection of short stories and poetry by English author Neil Gaiman.

negative: Goldie (DC Comics) Goldie is a fictional character in The Sandman comic book series by Neil Gaiman.

negative: Hexwood Hexwood is a 1993 fantasy/science fiction novel for young adults.  It is by British author Diana Wynne Jones.The book was dedicated to author Neil Gaiman, who later wrote a poem about the honor and gave it to her.

negative: Nuala (comics) Nuala is a character in the comic book series The Sandman, by Neil Gaiman. She first appears in Sandman vol. 2 #26 (May 1991), and was created by Neil Gaiman and Kelley Jones.

negative: The Day I Swapped My Dad for Two Goldfish The Day I Swapped My Dad for Two Goldfish is a book by Neil Gaiman and Dave McKean, first published in 1997 by White Wolf Publishing. It was republished in 2004 by Harper Children's with a new cover and afterword.

negative: Smoke and Mirrors (story collection) Smoke and Mirrors: Short Fictions and Illusions is a collection of short stories and poems by Neil Gaiman. It was first published in the US in 1998, and in the UK in 1999.Many of the stories in this book are reprints from other sources, such as magazines, anthologies, and collections (including ten stories and poems from Gaiman's earlier small press miscellany Angels and Visitations).

negative: The Sandman: Book of Dreams The Sandman: Book of Dreams (1996), edited by Ed Kramer and Neil Gaiman, is an anthology of short stories based on The Sandman comic book series.

negative: Death: The High Cost of Living Death: The High Cost of Living is an American comic book miniseries, written by Neil Gaiman with art by Chris Bachalo and Mark Buckingham. It is a spin-off from Gaiman's best-selling Vertigo Comics series The Sandman, featuring the Sandman (Dream)'s elder sister, Death of the Endless.

negative: Henry Phage Henry Phage is a comic book character, an intelligent dinosaur, created by Neil Gaiman for Tekno Comix and featured in Neil Gaiman's Teknophage and Neil Gaiman's Phage: Shadow Death and as a villain in Neil Gaiman's Mr Hero the Newmatic Man.Neil Gaiman's Teknophage was written by Rick Veitch and drawn by Bryan Talbot for #1-6. Paul Jenkins took over from #7 with artist Al Davison until the series cancellation.

negative: The Midnight Charter The Midnight Charter is a young adult fantasy novel by David Whitley. It is the first novel in the Agora Trilogy, and the author's debut novel. It was nominated for the 2010 Carnegie Medal, but lost to Neil Gaiman's The Graveyard Book.

negative: Angels and Visitations Angels and Visitations is a collection of short fiction and nonfiction by Neil Gaiman. It was first published in the US in 1993 by DreamHaven Books.It is illustrated by Steve Bissette, Randy Broecker, Dave McKean, P. Craig Russell, Jill Carla Schwarz, Bill Sienkiewicz, Charles Vess, and Michael Zulli.Many of the stories in this book are reprints from other sources, such as magazines and anthologies.Included stories and poems: The Song of the Audience Chivalry Nicholas Was...

negative: Anansi Boys (TV series) Anansi Boys is a British television series that is set to first broadcast on BBC One. The miniseries is an adaptation of Neil Gaiman's novel of the same name. Anansi Boys shows the lives of the two sons of African spider-god Anansi.

negative: The Books of Magic The Books of Magic is a four-issue English-language comic book mini-series written by Neil Gaiman, published by DC Comics, and later an ongoing series under the imprint Vertigo. Since its original publication, the mini-series has also been published in a single-volume collection under the Vertigo imprint with an introduction by author Roger Zelazny. It tells the story of a young boy who has the potential to become the world's greatest magician.

negative: American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an upcoming television series created by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for Starz, based on the novel of the same name by author Neil Gaiman. Fuller and Green will script the pilot episode and serve as showrunners. Gaiman will executive produce along with Fuller, Green, Craig Cegielski, Stefanie Berk and Thom Beers.

negative: Destruction (DC Comics) Destruction is one of the Endless, fictional characters from Neil Gaiman's comic book series The Sandman.

negative: I, Cthulhu "I, Cthulhu" is a short humorous story by fantasy author Neil Gaiman featuring H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu who is dictating an autobiography to a human slave, Whateley. The story reveals much about Cthulhu's 'birth' and early life.

negative: The Sandman Companion The Sandman Companion (1999, ISBN 978-1-56389-465-7) is a book by Hy Bender and published by Vertigo, an imprint of DC Comics, providing annotations and commentary on Neil Gaiman's comic book series The Sandman.The book relies heavily on original interviews with Gaiman about the comic and was published by Vertigo, serving as an official annotation and commentary for the series.

negative: List of The Sandman spinoffs The DC comic book series The Sandman may have concluded with Issue 75, but numerous comics, novels and spin-offs continue to make use of its characters, concepts and universe.The Sandman was written by Neil Gaiman.

negative: Merv Pumpkinhead Mervyn "Merv" Pumpkinhead is a fictional character in Neil Gaiman's popular comic book series, The Sandman.

negative: Duma (DC Comics) Duma is a fallen angel in the DC Vertigo series The Sandman, created by the British author Neil Gaiman. His name means "silence", and he is based on an angel from Jewish mythology.

negative: Endless (comics) The Endless (Destiny, Death, Dream, Destruction, Desire, Delirium, and Despair) are a group of fictional beings appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics imprint Vertigo. The characters embody powerful forces or aspects of the universe in the comic book series The Sandman, by Neil Gaiman.  They have existed since the dawn of time and are thought to be among the most powerful beings in the universe. They are distinct from and supposedly more powerful than most gods.

negative: Dream (comics) Dream is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics' imprint Vertigo. The character is the protagonist of the comic book series The Sandman, written by Neil Gaiman. One of the seven Endless, inconceivably powerful beings older and greater than gods, Dream is both lord and personification of all dreams and stories, all that is not in reality (which, in turn, Dream may define by his existence).

negative: Marc Hempel Marc Hempel (born May 25, 1957) is an American cartoonist/comics artist best known for his work on The Sandman with Neil Gaiman.