query: Formula one races in Europe

positive: 1950 British Grand Prix The 1950 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 13 May 1950 at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, England. It was the first World Championship Formula One race in the modern era, as well as the fifth British Grand Prix, and the third to be held at Silverstone after motor racing resumed after World War II.

positive: 1953 Formula One season The 1953 Formula One season consisted of a number of non-championship motor races for Formula One cars. As in 1952, the FIA chose to limit all Grand Prix races counting towards the World Championship of Drivers to cars complying with Formula Two regulations rather than with Formula One.The 4th FIA World Championship of Drivers, which commenced on 18 January and ended on 13 September after nine races, was won by Alberto Ascari, driving for a Scuderia Ferrari.

positive: 1957 Pescara Grand Prix The 1957 Pescara Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race, held on 18 August 1957, at the Pescara Circuit near Pescara in Italy. The race was the seventh, and penultimate round of the 1957 World Drivers' Championship. The race, which was the only Formula One World Championship race at the track, is best remembered for being held at the longest ever circuit to stage a Formula One World Championship Grand Prix.

positive: 1975 Race of Champions The 1975 Race of Champions was a non-championship Formula One race held at Brands Hatch on March 16, 1975. Weather conditions were unusually inhospitable, with strong winds, heavy rain and even snow showers during the weekend.

positive: 1984 European Grand Prix The 1984 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring on October 7, 1984. It was the fifteenth round of the 1984 Formula One season.

positive: 1985 European Grand Prix The 1985 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on October 6, 1985. It was the fourteenth round of the 1985 FIA Formula One World Championship.Ayrton Senna got pole position for the 6th time in the season, averaging 140.106 mph (225.479 km/h), the first time anyone had lapped the circuit faster than 140 mph.

positive: 1995 European Grand Prix The 1995 European Grand Prix (formally the XL Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on October 1, 1995 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the fourteenth round of the 1995 Formula One season and the first to be held there since 1985. The race, contested over 67 laps, was won by Michael Schumacher for the Benetton team after starting from third position.

positive: 1995 Formula One season "F1 1995" redirects here. For the video games based on the 1995 Formula One season, see F1 95.The 1995 Formula One season was the 46th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1995 FIA Formula One World Championship, which was contested over 17 races from 26 March to 12 November 1995. For the second year in succession, the Drivers' Championship was won by Michael Schumacher, the Benetton driver defeating Damon Hill of Williams by 33 points.

positive: 1996 European Grand Prix The 1996 European Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on April 28, 1996 at Nürburgring. Jacques Villeneuve scored his first Formula One victory in his fourth Formula One start.Both Benetton cars made extremely slow starts, due to the brakes locking on. Berger was forced to pit for fresh tyres after a flat-spot was caused, while Alesi finished lap 1 in 13th place and spun while trying to recover.

positive: 1997 European Grand Prix The 1997 European Grand Prix (formally the XLII European Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on October 26, 1997 at the Circuito Permanente de Jerez, Spain. Originally scheduled as the Grand Prix of Portugal at the Estoril circuit, it was moved when Estoril's management had financial difficulties.  It was the 17th and final race of the 1997 Formula One season. The race, contested over 69 laps, was won by Mika Häkkinen in a McLaren, his first Formula One race victory.

positive: 2000 European Grand Prix The 2000 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on May 21, 2000 at the Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany. It was the sixth race of the 2000 Formula One season. The race was the 44th race to carry the European Grand Prix name and the ninth to be held at the Nürburgring. It was the tenth time the European Grand Prix was held as a standalone event.

positive: 2000 Formula One season The 2000 Formula One season was the 51st season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 2000 FIA Formula One World Championship which commenced on 12 March 2000, and ended on 22 October after seventeen races. Michael Schumacher became Ferrari's first World Drivers' Champion for 21 years having clinched the Drivers' title at the penultimate race of the season.

positive: 2001 European Grand Prix The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the XLV Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. The race, contested over 67 laps, was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position.

positive: 2001 Formula One season The 2001 Formula One season was the 52nd season of FIA Formula One racing. It featured the FIA Formula One World Championship which commenced on 4 March 2001 and ended on 14 October after seventeen races.  Michael Schumacher won the Drivers' title with a record margin of 58 points, after achieving nine victories and five second places and Ferrari won the Constructors' award.

positive: 2002 European Grand Prix The 2002 European Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at Nürburgring on 23 June 2002. It was won by Ferrari driver Rubens Barrichello, his first win since his victory at the 2000 German Grand Prix. His team mate Michael Schumacher finished second in another dominating performance by the team. McLaren-Mercedes driver Kimi Räikkönen finished third. This was the first race at the modified Nürburgring circuit, as the first chicane was replaced by the Mercedes Arena corners.

positive: 2003 European Grand Prix The 2003 European Grand Prix (formally the Allianz Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 29 June 2003 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2003 Formula One season. The race, contested over 60 laps, was won Ralf Schumacher driving in a Williams car. Juan Pablo Montoya, also driving for Williams finished second, with Rubens Barrichello third in a Ferrari.

positive: 2003 Formula One season The 2003 Formula One season was the 54th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 2003 FIA Formula One World Championship, which commenced on 9 March 2003 and ended on 12 October after sixteen races.

positive: 2004 European Grand Prix The 2004 European Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on 30 May 2004 at the Nürburgring. The race was noticeable due to the race strategy employed by Ferrari. Michael Schumacher extended his gap over his rivals to close to 18 seconds in the first 7 laps, when the top-runners seemed to bunch up behind Kimi Räikkönen.

positive: 2005 European Grand Prix The 2005 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on May 29, 2005 at the Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany. The race, contested over 59 laps, was the seventh round of the 2005 Formula One season, the 49th running of the European Grand Prix, and the 15th European Grand Prix as a standalone event (i.e. not an honorific title awarded to an existing event).

positive: 2006 European Grand Prix The 2006 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany on May 7, 2006.  The race, contested over 60 laps, was the fifth round of the 2006 Formula One season. It was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher who took his second victory of the season. Polesitter Fernando Alonso finished in second position for the Renault team, whilst the second Ferrari of Felipe Massa achieved his first podium finish of the season with third place.

positive: 2006 Formula One season The 2006 Formula One season was the 57th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 2006 FIA Formula One World Championship which began on 12 March and ended on 22 October after eighteen races. The Drivers' Championship was won by Fernando Alonso of Renault F1 for the second year in a row, with Alonso becoming the youngest ever double world champion at the time. Then-retiring multiple world champion Michael Schumacher of Scuderia Ferrari finished runner-up, 13 points behind.

positive: 2007 European Grand Prix The 2007 European Grand Prix (formally the LI Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany on 22 July 2007. It was the tenth race of the 2007 Formula One season. The race, contested over 60 laps, was won by Fernando Alonso driving for the McLaren team after starting from second position.

positive: 2008 European Grand Prix The 2008 European Grand Prix (formally the LII Telefónica Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on August 24, 2008 at the Valencia Street Circuit, Valencia, Spain. It was the 12th race of the 2008 Formula One season. The race, contested over 57 laps, was won by Felipe Massa for the Ferrari team after starting from pole position.

positive: 2009 Formula BMW Europe season The 2009 Formula BMW Europe season was the second season of Formula BMW Europe championship. The championship was contested over sixteen races at eight meetings: seven of which supported Formula One Grands Prix and a meeting at the Masters of Formula 3 event at Zandvoort. Felipe Nasr won the title at Monza, having finished fourteen of the sixteen races in the top two and won the title by 104 points.

positive: 2011 European Grand Prix The 2011 European Grand Prix (formally the LV Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 26 June 2011 at the Valencia Street Circuit in Valencia, Spain. The race, which was the eighth round of the 2011 Formula One season, was won by defending world drivers' champion and championship leader Sebastian Vettel, who was driving a Red Bull car. Vettel, who started from pole position, also recorded the fastest lap of the race on lap 53, giving him a hat-trick.

positive: 2012 European Grand Prix The 2012 European Grand Prix (formally, the 2012 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race that was held at the Valencia Street Circuit in Valencia, Spain on 24 June 2012. It was the eighth round of the 2012 championship season, and the final time the circuit hosted the European Grand Prix. It was Fernando Alonso's second Grand Prix win in Spain after the 2006 Spanish Grand Prix held at Barcelona.

positive: 2012 Formula One season The 2012 Formula One season was the 63rd season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 2012 FIA Formula One World Championship, a motor racing series for Formula One cars, recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) — the governing body of motorsport — as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars. The championship was contested over twenty rounds, which started in Australia on 18 March and ended in Brazil on 25 November.

positive: Austrian Grand Prix The Austrian Grand Prix (German: Großer Preis von Österreich) is a Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile sanctioned auto race which was held in 1964, 1970–1987 and 1997–2003. The Grand Prix returned to the Formula One calendar in 2014.

positive: Belgian Grand Prix The Belgian Grand Prix (Dutch: Grote Prijs van België; French: Grand Prix de Belgique; German: Großer Preis von Belgien) is an automobile race, part of the Formula One World Championship.The first national race of Belgium was held in 1925 at the Spa region's race course, an area of the country that had been associated with motor sport since the very early years of racing.

positive: British Grand Prix The British Grand Prix is a race in the calendar of the FIA Formula One World Championship. It is currently held at the Silverstone Circuit near the village of Silverstone in Northamptonshire in England. The British and Italian Grands Prix are the oldest continuously staged Formula One World Championship Grands Prix. It was designated the European Grand Prix five times between 1950 and 1977, when this title was an honorary designation given each year to one Grand Prix race in Europe.

positive: Coppa Acerbo The Coppa Acerbo was an automobile race held in Italy, named after Tito Acerbo, the brother of Giacomo Acerbo, a prominent fascist politician. Following Italy's defeat in World War II, and the consequent demise of fascism, the race was renamed the Circuito di Pescara, and in some years was also referred to as the Pescara Grand Prix (Gran Premio di Pescara). The race was run between 1924 and 1961 and over the years was held to a variety of vehicle class regulations and durations.

positive: Czechoslovakian Grand Prix The Czechoslovakian Grand Prix (Czech: Velká cena Československa; Slovak: Československá Grand Prix) was a Grand Prix motor racing event first held on September 28, 1930 at the Masaryk Circuit now referred to as the Brno Circuit. It was held in the town of Brno in Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic).From 1934 onwards, the race was dominated by the German Silver Arrows. In 1937, several spectators were killed or injured when Hermann Lang skidded off the track.

positive: Dutch Grand Prix The Dutch Grand Prix (Grote Prijs van Nederland) was a Formula One automobile race held at Circuit Zandvoort, near Zandvoort, the Netherlands, from 1948 to 1985. It was a part of the World Championship from 1952, and designated the European Grand Prix twice, 1962 and 1976, when this title was an honorary designation given each year to one grand prix race in Europe.

positive: European Championship (auto racing) The European Drivers' Championship was an annual competition in auto racing that existed prior to the establishment of the Formula One world championship in 1950.

positive: European Grand Prix The European Grand Prix (sometimes referred to as the Grand Prix of Europe and to be known from 2016 as the Baku European Grand Prix)is a Formula One event that was introduced during the mid-1980s and was held regularly from 1999 until 2012. The most recent host venue for this event was the Valencia Street Circuit in Valencia, Spain, hosting the race from 2008 until 2012.

positive: Formula One Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950, although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983.The "formula", designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, to which all participants' cars must conform.

positive: French Grand Prix The French Grand Prix (1906–1967: Grand Prix de l'ACF, 1968–2008: Grand Prix de France) was a race held as part of Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile's annual Formula One automobile racing championships. It was one of the oldest motor races in the world. It ceased shortly after its centenary in 2008 with 86 races having been held, a victim of finances and unfavourable venues.

positive: German Grand Prix The German Grand Prix (Großer Preis von Deutschland) was an annual automobile race that has been held most years since 1926, with 75 races having been held. The race has had a remarkably stable history for one of the older Grands Prix, having been held at just three different venues throughout its life; the Nürburgring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Hockenheimring in Baden-Württemberg and on odd occasion AVUS near Berlin.

positive: Hungarian Grand Prix The Hungarian Grand Prix (Hungarian: Magyar Nagydíj) is a motor race held annually in Hungary. Since 1986, the race has been a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship.

positive: Italian Grand Prix The Italian Grand Prix (Gran Premio d'Italia) is one of the longest running events on the Formula One calendar. The Italian Grand Prix was also one of the inaugural Formula One championship races in 1950, and has been held every year since then.

positive: List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC) is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) to the most successful Formula One racing car driver over a season, as determined by a points system based on Grand Prix results.The Drivers' Championship was first awarded in 1950, to Giuseppe Farina. The first driver to win multiple Championships was Alberto Ascari, in 1952 and 1953.

positive: List of Formula One seasons Sixty-three seasons of Formula One, the highest class of open wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body, have been run. The F1 world championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets, the most famous of which is the Monaco Grand Prix in Monte Carlo.

positive: List of races at the Nürburgring Races at the Nürburgring were held with Grand Prix cars, Grand Prix motorcycles, various Formula cars, Sports cars, touring cars, trucks, and even bicycles, like the 1927, 1966 and 1978 UCI Road World Championships.

positive: Luxembourg Grand Prix The Luxembourg Grand Prix (Großer Preis von Luxemburg) was the name given to two races of the FIA Formula One World Championship, held in 1997 and 1998. The FIA rulings for Formula One stipulate that no country be allowed more than one race.

positive: Monaco Grand Prix The Monaco Grand Prix (French: Grand Prix de Monaco) is a Formula One motor race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. Run since 1929, it is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world and, alongside the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans, it forms the Triple Crown of Motorsport.

positive: Pau Grand Prix The Pau Grand Prix (French: Grand Prix de Pau) is an auto race held in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, southwestern France.  The French Grand Prix was held at Pau in 1930, leading to the annual Pau Grand Prix being inaugurated in 1933.

positive: Portuguese Grand Prix The Portuguese Grand Prix (Grande Prémio de Portugal) was a motorsports event held for several years, mostly in the 1950s and then in the 1980s and 90s. It was a Formula One race between 1958 and 1960 and between 1984 and 1996.

positive: Russian Grand Prix The Russian Grand Prix (Russian: Гран-при России) is an annual auto race held at Sochi Autodrom—a street circuit built around Olympic Park in Sochi, Russia, as part of the Formula One World Championship.The race was first held briefly in the 1910s in St. Petersburg; while plans were made to host a Formula One event in Moscow for the 1983 season as the Grand Prix of the Soviet Union, these plans fell through.

positive: San Marino Grand Prix The San Marino Grand Prix (Italian: Gran Premio di San Marino) was a Formula One championship race which was run at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in the town of Imola, near the Apennine mountains in Italy, between 1981 and 2006. It was named after nearby San Marino because there already was an Italian Grand Prix held at Monza. In 1980, when Monza was under refurbishment, the Imola track was used for the 51st Italian Grand Prix.

positive: Spanish Grand Prix The Spanish Grand Prix (Spanish: Gran Premio de España, Catalan: Gran Premi d'Espanya) is a Formula One race currently held at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Barcelona. The race is one of the oldest in the world still contested, celebrating its centenary in 2013. The race had modest beginnings as a production car race. Interrupted by the First World War, the race waited a decade for its second running before becoming a staple of the European calendar.

positive: Swedish Grand Prix The Swedish Grand Prix (Swedish: Sveriges Grand Prix) was a round of the Formula One World Championship from 1973 to 1978.  It took place at the Scandinavian Raceway in Anderstorp (Gislaved Municipality), about 30 km from Jönköping, in Småland, Sweden.

positive: Swiss Grand Prix The Swiss Grand Prix (French: Grand Prix de Suisse, German: Großer Preis der Schweiz, Italian: Gran Premio di Svizzera) was the premier auto race of Switzerland. In its later years it was a Formula One race.

negative: 1954 II Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race The 2nd Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 2 August 1954 at the Davidstow Circuit, Cornwall. The race was to be run over 30 laps of the little circuit, but this was reduced to 20 laps due to the bad weather.

negative: 1954 I Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race The 1st Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race was the first Cornwall MRC motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 7 June 1954 at the Davidstow Circuit, Cornwall.

negative: 1955 Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race The 3rd Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 30 May 1955 at the Davidstow Circuit, Cornwall. The race was run over 20 laps of the little circuit, and was won by British driver Leslie Marr in a Connaught Type B.This was the third and last Formula One race to be held in Cornwall.

negative: 1967 European Formula Two season The 1967 European Formula Two season was the 1st FIA European Formula Two Championship season. It commenced on 24 March 1967 and ended on 8 October after ten races. Jacky Ickx won the Championship after winning the last race in Vallelunga, but the most successful driver of the season was Jochen Rindt, who won five Championship races but, as a graded driver, he was ineligible to earn points, so Ickx won the Championship.

negative: 1969 European Formula Two season The 1969 European Formula Two season was contested over 7 rounds.

negative: 1971 World Championship Victory Race The 1st World Championship Victory Race was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 24 October 1971 at Brands Hatch, Kent. The race was to be run over 40 laps of the circuit, but was stopped on lap 15 following the fatal accident suffered by Swiss driver Jo Siffert. The result was taken from the race order after 14 laps, with Peter Gethin being declared the winner in his BRM P160.

negative: 1999 European Grand Prix The 1999 European Grand Prix (formally the XLIII Warsteiner Grand Prix d'Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 26 September 1999 at the Nürburgring in  Nürburg, Germany. It was the fourteenth race of the 1999 Formula One season. The race, contested over 66 laps, was won by Johnny Herbert driving for the Stewart team.

negative: 2003 German Formula Three season The 2003 ATS Formel 3 Cup season was a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seat open wheel formula racing cars that held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in two-litre Formula Three racing cars built by Dallara which conform to the technical regulations, or formula, for the championship.  It was the inaugural ATS F3 Cup season.

negative: 2005 Formula One season The 2005 Formula One season was the 56th FIA Formula One World Championship season, contested over a then record 19 Grands Prix. It commenced on 6 March 2005, and ended 16 October.Fernando Alonso and the Renault F1 team won the World Drivers' and Constructors' Championships, ending five years of dominance by Michael Schumacher and Ferrari. Alonso's success made him the youngest champion in the history of the sport, a title he held until Lewis Hamilton's 2008 title success.

negative: 2005 Formula Renault 2.0 Germany season The 2005 Formula Renault 2.0 Germany season was the fourteenth Formula Renault 2.0 Germany season and the last before merging into Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup. The season began at Oschersleben on 23 April and finished on 9 October at the same venue, after sixteen races.SL Formula Racing driver Pekka Saarinen won two races on his way to championship title.

negative: 2005 United States Grand Prix The 2005 United States Grand Prix was one of the most controversial Formula One motor races in modern history. It was held on June 19, 2005 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and was the ninth race of the 2005 Formula One season. Out of the 20 cars that entered for the race, only the six cars from the teams using Bridgestone tyres (Ferrari, Jordan and Minardi) competed.

negative: 2007 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season The 2007 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season was the second Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season. The season began at Zandvoort on 28 May and finished on 21 October at Hockenheim, after sixteen races.Motopark Academy driver Frank Kechele won the NEC championship title, having won eight races during the season, bringing the team their second successive drivers' championship title.

negative: 2008 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season The 2008 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season was the third Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season. The season began at Hockenheim on 26 April and finished on 5 October at Spa, after sixteen races.Motopark Academy driver Valtteri Bottas won the NEC championship title, having won twelve races during the season, bringing the team their third successive drivers' championship title.

negative: 2009 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season The 2009 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season was the fourth Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season. The season began at Zandvoort on 12 April and finished on 4 October at Spa, after sixteen races.Motopark Academy driver António Félix da Costa won the NEC championship title, having won nine races during the season, bringing the team their fourth successive drivers' championship title.

negative: 2010 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season The 2010 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season was the fifth Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season. The season began at Hockenheim on 17 April and finished on 17 October at Nürburgring, after nineteen races. Making its début in the series in 2010 was the new-specification car, designed by Barazi-Epsilon.

negative: 2013 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season The 2013 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season was the eighth Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season, an open-wheel motor racing series for emerging young racing drivers based in Europe. The season began at Hockenheimring on 7 April and ended on 14 October at Zandvoort, after sixteen races at seven events.The title was clinched by Fortec Motorsports driver Matt Parry, who won five races. His teammate Jack Aitken finished as runner-up after five podium finishes.

negative: 2014 Florida Winter Series season The 2014 Florida Winter Series season was the inaugural season for the Florida Winter Series, a non-championship racing series organised by the Ferrari Driver Academy in Florida.

negative: Alex Soler-Roig Alex Soler-Roig (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈaɫəks suˈɫe ˈrɔtʃ]; born 29 October 1931) is a former racing driver from Barcelona, Spain. He participated in 10 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 19 April 1970, and scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.Son of Dr. Soler-Roig, Alex began his career with motorcycles before entering the world car racing, participating in rallies with Fiat and Porsche.

negative: Andrea de Adamich Andrea Lodovico de Adamich (born 3 October 1941) is a former racing driver from Italy.  He participated in 34 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, making his début on 1 January 1968.  He scored a total of 6 championship points. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.De Adamich was born in Trieste, but the family originated from Fiume where his ancestor Andrea Lodovico de Adamich had been the wealthiest and most powerful merchant.

negative: Australian Grand Prix The Australian Grand Prix is a motor race held annually in Australia currently under contract to host Formula One until 2023. The Grand Prix is the oldest surviving motor racing competition held in Australia having been held 79 times since it was first run at Phillip Island in 1928. Since 1985, the race has been a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship and is currently held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit at Albert Park in Melbourne.

negative: Bob Evans (racing driver) Robert "Bob" Evans (born 11 June 1947 in Waddington, Lincolnshire) is a British former racing driver from England. He participated in 11 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 1 March 1975.  He scored no championship points. He also competed in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.Evans followed the usual route through to Formula One, via Formula Ford, Formula 3 and Formula 5000, winning the 1974 Rothmans 5000 European Championship.

negative: Brian Henton Brian Henton (born 19 September 1946 in Castle Donington, Leicestershire) is a former racing driver from England. He won both 1974 British Formula Three Championships, and the Formula Two championship in 1980. He participated in 38 Formula One grands prix, debuting on 19 July 1975, but never scored any championship points.Henton (nicknamed "Superhen" in the British racing press) came from a modest council house background and did not start racing until he was 23.

negative: Canadian Grand Prix The Canadian Grand Prix (known in French as the Grand Prix du Canada), is an annual auto race held in Canada since 1961. It has been part of the Formula One World Championship since 1967. It was first staged at Mosport Park in Bowmanville, Ontario as a sports car event, before alternating between Mosport and Circuit Mont-Tremblant, Quebec after Formula One took over the event. After 1971, safety concerns led to the Grand Prix moving permanently to Mosport.

negative: Chuck Daigh Chuck Daigh (November 29, 1923 – April 29, 2008) was an American racing car driver. He broke into Grand Prix racing through Lance Reventlow's Scarab team, through the virtue of being one of the resident engineers. Born in Long Beach, California, he participated in six World Championship Formula One races, debuting on May 29, 1960 and scoring no championship points.

negative: Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race The Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Races were three non-championship motor races run according to Formula One rules, held at Davidstow Circuit, in Cornwall, UK. There were two events in 1954 and one the following year, before the circuit ceased to host serious motor racing events. The second of these races marked the first Formula One victory for a Lotus.

negative: Derek Daly Derek Daly (born 11 March 1953 in Ballinteer, Dublin) is a former racing driver from Ireland. He won the 1977 British Formula Three Championship, and competed as a professional racing driver for 17 years participating in 64 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 2 April 1978.  He scored a total of 15 championship points.  He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.

negative: Eddie Cheever Edward McKay "Eddie" Cheever, Jr. (born January 10, 1958) is an American former racing driver who raced for almost 30 years in Formula One, sports cars, CART, and the Indy Racing League. Cheever participated in 143 World Championship Formula One races and started 132, more than any other American, driving for 9 different teams from 1978 through 1989. In 1997, he formed his own IRL team and won the 1998 Indianapolis 500 as both owner and driver. The team now competes in sports cars.

negative: European Formula Two Championship The European Formula Two Championship was a Formula Two motor racing series that was held between 1967–84. The races were held across Europe, and were contested both by drivers aiming to compete in Formula One in the future as well as current Formula One drivers wishing to practice.

negative: Felipe Massa Felipe Massa (Portuguese pronunciation: [fiˈlipi ˈmasɐ], born 25 April 1981) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver who currently drives for Williams. Massa started his career in go-karting from the age of eight continuing in national and regional championships for seven years. He moved into Formula Chevrolet and claimed the championship. He moved in Italian Formula Renault in 2000 and won the title along with the European championship.

negative: Fritz Glatz Friedrich "Fritz" Glatz (July 21, 1943 – July 14, 2002) was an Austrian racing driver from Vienna. He raced under the pseudonyms Pierre Chauvet and Frederico Careca as well as a number of others.Glatz began his career in 1980 racing in the German Formula Three Championship. The following year he drove in that series as well as the European Formula Three Championship and made his European Formula Two Championship debut.

negative: Gerhard Berger Gerhard Berger (born 27 August 1959) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver. He competed in Formula One for 14 seasons, twice finishing 3rd overall in the championship (1988 and 1994), both times driving for Ferrari. He won ten Grands Prix, achieved 48 podiums, 12 poles and 21 fastest laps. With 210 starts he is amongst the most experienced Formula One drivers of all time. He led 33 of the 210 races he competed in and retired from 95 of them.

negative: Grand Prix de la Marne The Grand Prix de la Marne (commonly known as the Marne Grand Prix) was a motor race organized by the Automobile Club de Champagne and staged at the circuit Reims-Gueux on public roads located 7.5 km (4.7 mi) west of the city of Reims in the Marne département of north-eastern France. It proved to be one of the fastest and most prestigious road races in Europe.

negative: Hideki Noda Hideki Noda (野田 英樹, Noda Hideki, born 7 March 1969) is a professional racing driver from Japan. He participated in three Formula One Grands Prix, debuting in the 1994 European Grand Prix, but did not score any championship points. He replaced Yannick Dalmas in the Larrousse car for the last three Grands Prix of the season, but failed to finish in any of the three races. In 1995, he joined Simtek as a test driver, hoping to get some races in.

negative: Jan Lammers Johannes "Jan" Lammers, (born 2 June 1956 in Zandvoort), is a racing driver and team principal from the Netherlands.In 1979, Lammers made his debut in Formula One driving for Shadow and moved to ATS for 1980. He moved to Ensign mid-way through the season but rejoined ATS for four races in 1981. He joined Theodore for 1982.

negative: Jenson Button Jenson Alexander Lyons Button, MBE (born 19 January 1980), known as JB, is a British Formula One driver from England currently driving for McLaren. He is the 2009 Formula One World Champion, driving for Brawn GP.Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success, before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula Three Championship. He first drove in Formula One with Williams F1 for the 2000 season.

negative: Jos Verstappen Johannes Franciscus "Jos" Verstappen (born 4 March 1972), is a Dutch racing driver. He is the most successful Dutch Formula One driver, and has won races in A1 Grand Prix and Le Mans Series LMP2 races. Prior to his F1 début in 1994, he was also the German Formula Three champion and Masters of Formula Three winner in 1993. Verstappen's son, Max, is also a racing driver who made his debut in Formula One in 2015 for the Toro Rosso team.

negative: Kanonloppet Kanonloppet "\the cannon race") was an annual motor race, run at the Karlskoga Motorstadion in Gelleråsen in the outskirts of Karlskoga, Sweden. The first races were run in 1950 and 1952, and then from 1954 onwards it was an annual event until the last one was held in 1984.

negative: List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors) Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform.

negative: List of Formula One driver records This is a list of driver records in the FIA World Championships, since 1950. Drivers who have competed in the 2015 Formula One season are highlighted in bold.This page is accurate as of the 2015 Japanese Grand Prix.

negative: List of Formula One drivers Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform. The F1 world championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets.

negative: Marc Gené Marc Gené i Guerrero (born 29 March 1974) is a Spanish professional racing driver. He is best known as a tester for Williams and Ferrari in Formula One, Minardi Formula One driver and factory driver for Peugeot's Le Mans team, with which he won the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans.

negative: Masten Gregory Masten Gregory (February 29, 1932 − November 8, 1985) was a racing driver from the United States.  He raced in Formula One between 1957 and 1965, participating in 43 World Championship races, and numerous non-Championship races.

negative: Masters of Formula 3 The Masters of Formula 3 is a Formula Three race held annually, usually at the Circuit Park Zandvoort in the Netherlands. Due to noise restrictions in the Zandvoort area, the 2007 and 2008 races were held in the Belgian circuit of Zolder. However, it returned to Zandvoort for the 2009 race.The Masters was first started in 1991, as an international meeting between drivers from various national championships across Europe.

negative: Michael Schumacher Michael Schumacher (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪçaʔɛl ˈʃuːmaxɐ]; born 3 January 1969) is a retired German racing driver. He is a seven-time Formula One World Champion and is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time. He was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year twice. He won two titles with Benetton in 1994 and 1995. After his second title he moved to Ferrari for which he drove eleven years.

negative: Michele Alboreto Michele Alboreto (23 December 1956 – 25 April 2001) was an Italian racing driver. He is famous for finishing runner up to Alain Prost in the 1985 Formula One World Championship, as well as winning the 1997 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2001 12 Hours of Sebring sports car races.

negative: Mike Thackwell Michael Thackwell (born 30 March 1961 in Papakura, Auckland, New Zealand ) is a former racing driver, who participated in a number of prominent racing categories, including Formula One. The third youngest driver ever to qualify for a Grand Prix, he participated in five of them, making his first start on 28 September 1980 at the Canadian Grand Prix. He scored no championship points.

negative: Patrick Depailler Patrick André Eugène Joseph Depailler (9 August 1944 – 1 August 1980) was a racing driver from France. He participated in 95 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 2 July 1972. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.Depailler was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme. As a child, he was inspired by Jean Behra.

negative: Peter Gethin Peter Kenneth Gethin (21 February 1940 in Ewell, Surrey, United Kingdom – 5 December 2011) was a British racing driver from England. He participated in 31 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 21 June 1970. He won the 1971 Italian Grand Prix in the fastest average speed in Formula One history, but this was his only podium finish.

negative: Ricardo Zunino Ricardo Héctor Zunino (born 13 April 1949 in San Juan) is a former racing driver from Argentina who participated in Formula One from 1979 to 1981. He competed in 11 World Championship races and two non-Championship Formula One races, the 1980 Spanish Grand Prix and 1981 South African Grand Prix.At the 1979 Canadian Grand Prix, he replaced Niki Lauda at Brabham after the Austrian abruptly quit the team and Formula One.

negative: Rome Grand Prix The Rome Grand Prix, also known as the Premio Reale di Roma (1925–1932) and Gran Premio di Roma (1947–1991), was an automobile race held in Rome, Italy from 1925 until 1991.Through the years a number of different regulations and circuits were used, with the majority being Formula Two races at the ACI Vallelunga Circuit.

negative: Ronnie Peterson Bengt Ronnie Peterson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrɔni ˈpɛtɛˈʂon]; 14 February 1944 – 11 September 1978) was a Swedish racing driver. Known by the nickname 'SuperSwede', he was a two-time runner-up in the FIA Formula One World Drivers' Championship.Peterson began his motor racing career in kart racing, traditionally the discipline where the majority of race drivers begin their careers in open-wheel racing.

negative: South African Grand Prix The South African Grand Prix was first run as a Grand Prix motor racing handicap race in 1934 at the Prince George Circuit at East London, Eastern Cape Province. It drew top drivers from Europe including Bernd Rosemeyer, Richard "Dick" Seaman, Richard Shuttleworth and the 1939 winner Luigi Villoresi.World War II brought an end to the race, but it was revived in 1960 as part of the Formula One circuit, entering the World Championship calendar two years later.

negative: Speedway Grand Prix of Austria The Speedway Grand Prix of Austria was a speedway event that was a part of the Speedway Grand Prix Series.

negative: Tomas Kaiser Tomas Kaiser (born December 2, 1956) is a Swedish former racing driver from Saelen.Kaiser began his career racing Formula Fords. In 1979 he raced in the European Formula Three Championship and British Formula Three Championship. In 1980 he finished fourth in the Swedish Formula Three Championship and competed in 1 race each in the British, European, and German F3 series. In 1981 he finished third in Swedish F3 and maintained a similar part-time schedule in the other series.

negative: Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior (born December 25, 1943, São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian former racing driver and Formula One team owner. He participated in 38 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 1, 1972, scoring a total of three championship points. He ran the Fittipaldi Formula One team between 1974 and 1982. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.


query: sonny and cher

positive: A Cowboy's Work Is Never Done "A Cowboy's Work is Never Done" is a song by pop duo Sonny and Cher from their album All I Ever Need Is You, written by Sonny Bono. It was released as a single in 1972 and peaked at #8 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Billboard ranked it at No. 70 on the 1972 year-end singles chart.

positive: All I Ever Need Is You (1971 Sonny & Cher album) All I Ever Need Is You is the fourth studio album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1971 by Kapp/MCA Records. The album reached number 14 on the Billboard chart and was certified Gold for the sales of 500,000 copies.

positive: All I Ever Need Is You (1990 Sonny & Cher album) All I Ever Need Is You is the fifth compilation album by American pop rock duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1990 by Universal/MCA Records.

positive: All I Ever Need Is You (song) "All I Ever Need Is You" is a popular song written by Jimmy Holiday and Eddie Reeves and recorded by Ray Charles for his 1971 album The Volcanic Action of My Soul. The most well-known version of the song is the hit single from Sonny and Cher. It reached number seven on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.  It is their single of greatest longevity, spending 15 weeks on that chart."All I Ever Need Is You" also topped the Easy Listening chart for five weeks late in 1971.

positive: Baby Don't Go For the 2007 Fabolous song, see Baby Don't Go (Fabolous "ong)\Baby Don't Go" is a song written by Sonny Bono and recorded by Sonny & Cher. It was first released on Reprise Records in 1964 and was a minor regional hit.  Then following the duo's big success with "I Got You Babe" in the summer of 1965, "Baby Don't Go" was re-released by Reprise later that year and became another huge hit for Sonny & Cher, reaching the top ten in the U.S.

positive: Baby Don't Go – Sonny & Cher and Friends Baby Don't Go – Sonny & Cher and Friends is a compilation album released by Reprise Records credited to Sonny & Cher. While signed to Reprise in 1964, the duo recorded and released various unsuccessful singles under the name "Caesar & Cleo", before moving to Atco Records in 1965.

positive: But You're Mine "But You're Mine" is a pop song written by Sonny Bono and recorded by Sonny & Cher.  The song reached its peak of popularity in 1965, when it charted in the USA and the United Kingdom.The lyrics make reference to a hippie couple who do not fit into the larger society to which they belong, but who are still happy because they have each other.

positive: Chaz Bono Chaz Salvatore Bono (born Chastity Sun Bono, March 4, 1969) is an American advocate, writer, musician and actor. He is the only child of American entertainers Sonny and Cher.Bono is a transgender man. In 1995, several years after being outed as lesbian by the tabloid press, he publicly self-identified as such in a cover story in a leading American gay monthly magazine, The Advocate, eventually going on to discuss the process of coming out to oneself and to others in two books.

positive: Cher Cher (/ˈʃɛər/; born Cherilyn Sarkisian on May 20, 1946) is an American singer, actress, and fashion icon.

positive: Cher albums discography American entertainer Cher has released 25 studio albums, nine compilation albums, three soundtrack albums, and one live album. In 1964 Cher signed a recording contract with Imperial Records, a label owned by Liberty Records. After the success of her first major single, Bob Dylan's "All I Really Want to Do" she and her then-husband Sonny Bono worked on her first album All I Really Want to Do released in 1965.

positive: Cher filmography Cher is an American pop singer-songwriter, actor, director and record producer. Cher has appeared mainly in comedy, drama, and romance films. She has appeared in thirteen films, including two as a cameo. She has also appeared in one starring theater role, numerous television commercials and directed a piece of the motion picture If These Walls Could Talk in 1996 and some of her music videos of the Geffen-era in late 1980s and in early 1990s.

positive: Chér (1966 album) Chér is the eponymous third studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on October 1966 by Imperial. Cher collaborates again with Sonny Bono, with Harold Battiste and with Stan Ross. The album is by-and-large a covers album and contains only one song written by Bono. This album was a moderate commercial success, charted #59 on the Billboard Chart.

positive: Foxy Lady (Cher album) Foxy Lady is the eighth studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released in July 1972 by Kapp Records. Following the commercial success of the previous album Gypsies, Tramps & Thieves, Cher again collaborated with Snuff Garrett (producer), Al Capp (arrangements) and her then husband Sonny Bono (co-producer). Foxy Lady was also the second and last record for Kapp.

positive: Greatest Hits (Sonny & Cher album) Greatest Hits is the fourth compilation album by American pop rock duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1974 by MCA Records.

positive: I Got You Babe "I Got You Babe" is a 1965 song written by Sonny Bono, the first single from the first album, Look at Us, of the American pop music duo Sonny & Cher. In August of that year the single spent three weeks at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States where it sold more than 1 million copies and was certified Gold. It also reached #1 in the United Kingdom and Canada. In 2011, the song was named as one of the greatest duets of all times by both Billboard and Rolling Stone magazine.

positive: In Case You're in Love In Case You're in Love is the third studio album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1967 by Atco Records.

positive: Just You Just You is a song by US singing duo Sonny and Cher, first released in April 1965. It was recorded in January of that year, and was the first single which they released on the ATCO label; before that time they had been under contract to Reprise Records. The song initially did not chart but in the slipstream of the I Got You Babe success it was rereleased and reached a respectable #20 on the US singles chart.

positive: Laugh at Me "Laugh At Me" was Sonny Bono's only hit song as a solo artist under the name Sonny.  The song was released in 1965 and reached #1 in Canada on the RPM national singles chart (to be knocked off the top spot the following week his own Sonny & Cher  single, "Baby Don't Go"). It peaked at #10 in the U.S. and at #9 in the United Kingdom. Thus, Sonny hit the Top 10 in all three countries as a solo artist before Cher.

positive: Little Man (Sonny & Cher song) Little Man is a hit single by the pop duo Sonny and Cher released in 1966 from their third studio album In Case You're In Love. It became one of their biggest hits, reaching number #1 on the singles charts in various European countries.

positive: Look at Us Look at Us is the debut album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1965 by Atco Records. The album reached #2 on the Billboard chart and was certified Gold for the sales of 500,000 copies.

positive: Mama Was a Rock and Roll Singer, Papa Used to Write All Her Songs Mama Was a Rock and Roll Singer, Papa Used to Write All Her Songs is the fifth and final studio album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1974 by MCA Records.

positive: Sonny & Cher's Greatest Hits Sonny & Cher's Greatest Hits is the second compilation album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1968 by Atlantic/Atco Records.

positive: Sonny & Cher Sonny & Cher were an American pop music duo, actors, singers and entertainers made up of husband-and-wife  Sonny and Cher Bono in the 1960s and 1970s. The couple started their career in the mid-1960s as R&B backing singers for record producer Phil Spector.The pair first achieved fame with two hit songs in 1965, "Baby Don't Go" and "I Got You Babe".

positive: Sonny & Cher Live Sonny & Cher Live is the first live album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1971 by Kapp/MCA Records. The album reached #35 on the Billboard chart and was certified Gold for the sales of 500,000 copies.

positive: Sonny & Cher discography The discography of American Pop rock duo, Sonny & Cher consists of five studio albums, four compilation albums, one soundtrack album, two live albums and twenty-one singles. Sonny and Cher had released three albums and one single which achieved Gold status in the United States, those being: Look At Us, Sonny & Cher Live, All I Ever Need Is You and I Got You babe.

positive: Sonny & Cher dolls The Sonny & Cher dolls were a collection of 12-¼ inch high celebrity doll likenesses of pop rock duo Sonny & Cher.The line was released by Mego Corporation in 1976. The release of these fashion dolls coincided with the popularity of The Sonny & Cher Show prime time variety TV show.

positive: Sonny Bono Salvatore Phillip "Sonny" Bono (/ˈboʊnoʊ/; February 16, 1935 – January 5, 1998) was an American recording artist and producer, who came to fame in  partnership with his second wife Cher, as the popular singing duo Sonny & Cher.

positive: Supercouple A supercouple or super couple (also known as a power couple) is a popular or wealthy pairing that intrigues and fascinates the public in an intense or obsessive fashion.

positive: Take Me Home Tour Take Me Home Tour may refer to:Take Me Home Tour (Cher)Take Me Home Tour (One Direction)__DISAMBIG__

positive: The Beat Goes On: The Best of Sonny & Cher The Beat Goes On: The Best of Sonny & Cher is the sixth compilation album by American pop rock duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1991 by Atco/Atlantic Records.

positive: The Beat Goes On (Sonny & Cher song) "The Beat Goes On" is a Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 hit song written by Sonny Bono and recorded by Sonny & Cher. It was issued as a single and appeared on their 1967 album In Case You're In Love. It entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart on January 14, 1967, peaking at #6.

positive: The Best of Sonny & Chér The Best Of Sonny & Chér is the first compilation album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1967 by Atlantic/Atco Records. It is one of their best selling albums in the US, reaching number #23 and spending 64 weeks on the Billboard albums chart.

positive: The Definitive Pop Collection (Sonny & Cher album) The Definitive Pop Collection is the seventh compilation album by American pop rock duo Sonny & Cher, released in 2006 by Rhino Records.

positive: The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour is an American variety show starring American pop-singer Cher and her husband Sonny Bono. The show ran on CBS in the United States, when it premiered in August 1971. The show was canceled May 1974, due to the couple's divorce, though the duo would reunite in 1976 for the identically-formatted The Sonny & Cher Show (a title sporadically used during the run of the Comedy Hour), which ran until 1977.

positive: The Sonny Side of Chér The Sonny Side of Chér is the second studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on April, 1966 by Imperial, as her second album, Cher again collaborated with Sonny Bono and Harold Battiste. The album is by-and-large a covers album and contains two songs written by Bono. The title of the album is a pun on the name of Cher's first husband Sonny Bono. After its release, the album garnered positive reviews from critics. The album was Cher's second successful album of the sixties.

positive: The Two of Us (Sonny & Cher album) The Two of Us  is the third compilation album by American rock duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1972 by Atco Records.

positive: The Very Best of Cher The Very Best of Cher is the eighth compilation album by American singer-actress Cher, released on April 1, 2003. The album includes many of Cher's most popular songs, such as "If I Could Turn Back Time", "Believe", "Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves" and "Take Me Home". It debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart and later reached at number four on the issue date of May 17. As of November 2011, the album had sold 2.8 million copies in the United States.

positive: The Wondrous World of Sonny & Chér The Wondrous World Of Sonny & Chér is the second studio album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1966 by Atco Records.

positive: Where Do You Go (Cher song) "Where Do You Go" is a song written by Sonny Bono. It was released as the first single by Cher in the later quarter of 1965 for her second album The Sonny Side of Cher. It fell short of the Billboard Hot 100's top 20, but still earned Cher a moderate success, by reaching the Top 40. It was followed by the U.S. #2 smash hit "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)" which saw a release early the following year. It was a bigger hit in Canada, where it reached #5 on the singles chart.

negative: Cher singles discography American entertainer Cher has released seventy-nine official singles, fifteen promotional singles and appeared in eleven other songs.

negative: The Sonny Comedy Revue The Sonny Comedy Revue, starring Sonny Bono, was a variety show that aired on ABC in the early 1970s for one season. It was his first solo effort after the end of his marriage to Cher and the resulting cancellation of their variety show The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour.

negative: With Love, Chér With Love, Chér is the fourth album by American singer-actress Cher, released on November 1967 by Imperial Records. The album was a moderate commercial success and reached #48 on the Billboard Chart.

negative: Good Times (soundtrack) Good Times is the first soundtrack album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1967 by  Atlantic/Atco Records in conjunction with the film of the same name.

negative: Live in Las Vegas Vol. 2 Live In Las Vegas Vol. 2 is the second live album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1974 by Kapp/MCA Records.

negative: Good Times (film) Good Times is a 1967 American musical comedy film starring Sonny & Cher. The film marks the directorial debut of William Friedkin, who later directed The French Connection and The Exorcist.

negative: Living in a House Divided "Living in a House Divided" is a song  by American singer-actress Cher, released as the lead single from her album Foxy Lady. The song's lyrics discuss the separation of a couple, as a rather poignant descriptor of Cher's marriage to then-husband, Sonny. Due to Cher's feelings of resentment over Sonny's control of both her life and her career, their marriage soured.

negative: Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down) "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)" is the second single by American singer-actress Cher from her second studio album The Sonny Side of Chér. The song was written by Cher's then-husband Sonny Bono and released in 1966. The song reached number three in the UK Singles Chart and number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for a single week (trapped behind (You're My) Soul and Inspiration by The Righteous Brothers), eventually becoming one of Cher's biggest selling singles of the 1960s.

negative: List of Cher concert tours This is a list of concert tours by Cher, an American singer-actress. Since 1979, Cher as solo, has embarked on six worldwide concert tours performing in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia. Cher's first live concert performance was with her ex-husband Sonny Bono in 1966 at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles.In 1979, Cher started her first solo concert tour, the Take Me Home Tour, with performances in Europa and North America in 1979.

negative: All I Really Want to Do (album) All I Really Want to Do is the debut solo album by American singer and actress Cher and was released on October 16, 1965 by Imperial Records.  The album was produced for Cher by her husband and singing partner, Sonny Bono, with contributions from arranger Harold Battiste. The album is by-and-large a collection of cover versions but does contain three songs written by Bono. Upon its release, the album was well received by critics and garnered positive reviews.

negative: Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves (album) Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves (originally titled Cher) is the seventh studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on September 1971 by Kapp Records. For this album, Cher left her husband Sonny Bono to produce the album, and for the first time she collaborated with Snuff Garrett and with Al Capps for the arrangements. The album was retitled after the success of the single of the same name. It received positive reviews from critics, and RIAA certified it Gold on July 2, 1972.

negative: Half-Breed (album) Half-Breed is the tenth studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on October 27, 1973 by MCA. For the production of the album Cher returned with Snuff Garrett and Al Capps. Half-Breed was the second record for MCA and also promoted on her successful The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour show. After its release, the album faced mixed reviews from critics, and the RIAA certified it Gold on March 4, 1974. The album was her second solo album to receive a certification by RIAA.

negative: TV2 Stars TV2 Stars is a one-off collection of New Zealand celebrities who appeared on programmes featured in TV2 in 2000.  Together they sang a rendition of Sonny & Cher's I Got You Babe, renamed I Got 2 Babe.TVNZ used the song as their adverts throughout 2000-2001, as well as releasing the single.

negative: Chastity (film) Chastity is a 1969 road movie drama, directed by Alessio de Paola and starring American singer-actress Cher, in her first solo film role. Written and produced by Cher's then-husband, Sonny Bono, as a star vehicle for her, it flopped badly and deterred Cher from acting in films for more than a decade.

negative: Bittersweet White Light Bittersweet White Light was the ninth studio album by American singer Cher. The album was released in April 1973 by MCA. It was the last solo Cher album to be produced by then-performing partner and husband Sonny Bono.  While many fans consider the album to be her best vocal performance, Bittersweet White Light, composed mostly of covers of American pop standards, was Cher's first commercial failure of the 1970s. It was Cher's first record released only by MCA, both in the UK and the US.

negative: You Better Sit Down Kids "You Better Sit Down Kids'" is a major hit single release by American singer/actress Cher in 1967 from her fourth studio album With Love, Chér, released on November 1967 by Imperial Records. The song was written by her then-husband, Sonny Bono, and reached #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #12 in Canada.

negative: Cher (1987 album) Cher is the 18th studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on November 10, 1987 by Geffen Records.

negative: I Feel Something in the Air "I Feel Something in The Air" is a song written and produced by Sonny Bono that was released as the second single from Cher's third album "Cher" in 1966."I Feel Something in The Air" became a minor hit by peaking at number 43 on the UK Singles Chart. However, it failed to reach the U.S. charts. The songs controversial topic, which was unwanted pregnancy, may have been a factor in the songs disappointing sales. The song was also known, and released as "Magic In The Air" in some places.

negative: Steve Martin filmography The following is the filmography for actor and comedian Steve Martin. He is best known for his roles in the films The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (1968–1969), The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour (1971–1973), Sgt.

negative: Sonny & Brownie Sonny & Brownie is an album by the blues musicians Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee. It was recorded at the Paramount Recording Studios (in Hollywood, California, United States) in 1973, and re-released in 1988 with digital remastering by Rudy Van Gelder at the Van Gelder Recording Studio.

negative: Wild on the Beach Wild on the Beach is a 1965 beach party film directed by Maury Dexter. It is notable for the musical acts showcased onscreen, being the film debut of Sonny & Cher in particular. In addition, it is distinguished as being one of the few films in the genre to be filmed in black and white.Although some sources state that the film was also released under the title Beach House Party,  to date no prints or posters have surfaced with such a title.

negative: Cher (TV series) Cher is an American variety show that premiered on CBS in 1975. It was hosted by singer-actress, Cher. The show had many famous musical guests. It followed a TV special featuring Elton John, Bette Midler, and Flip Wilson as guests. Cher premiered at 7.30pm on Sunday, February 16, 1975 and finished the season ranked 1st among variety shows and 22nd among all programs, with a 21.3 average household share.

negative: Crosby & Nash In addition to solo careers and within the larger aggregate of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, the musical team of David Crosby and Graham Nash have performed and recorded regularly as a duo, mostly during the 1970s and the 2000s.

negative: Sonny and his Wild Cows Rhythm and blues band from Budapest, Hungary, founded in 2002, one of the very few bands who's performing this style in Europe today.

negative: Charenton-du-Cher Charenton-du-Cher is a commune  in the Cher department in the Centre region of France.

negative: Sonny Curtis Sonny Curtis (born May 9, 1937) is an American singer and songwriter. Most of his work falls into the pop and country genres. He was a teenage pal and band member with Buddy Holly in Lubbock, Texas. Sonny is his actual first name, not a nickname.

negative: Sonny Til Sonny Til (the stage name of Earlington Carl Tilghman) (August 18, 1928 – December 9, 1981) was an American singer. He was the lead singer of The Orioles, a vocal group from Baltimore, Maryland, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995.By 1960 Til was the only original member left.  He led the Orioles from its establishment until his death in 1981 of heart failure, complicated by diabetes.

negative: Sonny King (singer) Sonny King (April 1, 1922 – February 3, 2006) was an American lounge singer of Italian descent.He was born as Luigi Antonio Schiavone on April 1, 1922 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the sidekick of Jimmy Durante for 28 years until Durante's death in 1980. They appeared together on The Ed Sullivan Show five times in the 1960s.

negative: The Cake The Cake are a 1960s girl group made up of Jeanette Jacobs, Barbara Morillo and Eleanor Barooshian. They were managed and produced by Greene & Stone, two Sunset Strip impresarios who also managed Sonny & Cher, Buffalo Springfield and Iron Butterfly.

negative: Dark Lady (album) Dark Lady is the 11th studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released in May 1974 by MCA. Cher again collaborated with Snuff Garrett as a record producer, and with Al Capps for the arrangements. Dark Lady was the third and final studio album for MCA. It was also the last record promoted on her successful The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour show. After its release, the album received positive reviews from critics but, unlike her previous record produced by Garrett, was only moderately successful.

negative: Sonny Stitt Plays Sonny Stitt Plays (also referred to as Sonny Stitt, Sonny Stitt, Sonny Stitt, Sonny Stitt, Sonny Stitt) is an  album by saxophonist Sonny Stitt recorded in 1955 and originally released on the Roost label.

negative: Dear Mom, Love Cher Dear Mom, Love Cher is a 2013 American television documentary about Georgia Holt, the mother of singer and actress Cher. The film recounts Cher's family history and features in-depth interviews with her, Holt, Holt's other daughter Georganne LaPiere, and Holt's grandchildren, from Cher, Chaz Bono and Elijah Blue Allman. It premiered on Lifetime on May 6, 2013. The worldwide VOD/DVD release was on September 24, 2013, the same release date as Cher's 25th studio album, Closer to the Truth. P.


query: iowa energy

positive: Central Iowa Power Cooperative Central Iowa Power Cooperative or CIPCO is Iowa's largest cooperative energy provider that generates and transmits power to its member owners. It includes 12 rural and one municipal electric cooperatives which are all located within the state of Iowa.

positive: Corn Belt Power Cooperative Corn Belt Power Cooperative is a generation and transmission electric cooperative in northern Iowa. It currently supplies to 12 of its member cooperatives in 28 counties in northern Iowa. It owns and maintains a coal-fired plant and a gas combustion turbine generator and is one of the owners of the Duane Arnold Energy Center. The Cooperative also has access to renewable energy sources such as wind and hydroelectric power.

positive: Crystal Lake Wind Farm Crystal Lake Wind Farm is an electricity generating wind farm facility in Winnebago and Hancock County, Iowa, United States. It is owned by a subsidiary of Florida-based Next Era and began operations in 2008. With the completion of phase 3 of the project it has a generating capacity of 416 megawatts. It is located roughly five miles from Britt, Iowa, and is on the edge of Crystal Lake, which the wind farm is named after.

positive: Duane Arnold Energy Center The Duane Arnold Energy Center (DAEC) is located on a 500-acre (200 ha) site on the west bank of the Cedar River, two miles (3.2 km) north-northeast of Palo, Iowa, USA, or eight miles (13 km) northwest of Cedar Rapids.  It is Iowa's only nuclear power plant.DAEC entered operation in June 1974.

positive: Energy storage Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store energy to perform useful processes at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator.Many forms of energy produce useful work, heating or cooling to meet societal needs. These energy forms include chemical energy, gravitational potential energy, electrical potential, electricity, temperature differences, latent heat, and kinetic energy.

positive: Iowa Energy The Iowa Energy are an American professional basketball team based in Des Moines, Iowa. It is an affiliate of the Memphis Grizzlies. They play in the Eastern Conference in the NBA Development League (NBA D-League), a minor league basketball organization owned and run by the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Energy play their home games at the Wells Fargo Arena. They broke the D-league attendance record on their first ever home game with 8,842 fans.

positive: MidAmerican Energy Building Mid-American Energy Building is a high-rise office building located in the downtown Davenport, Iowa.  The building was designed by Shive-Hattery Engineers & Architects and built by Iowa-Illinois Gas and Electric Company in 1995.  It is a 9-story office building that stands on top of a six story parking ramp.  The building stands 220 feet (67 m), and is the second tallest building in the city after the Wells Fargo Bank Building.

positive: Solar power in Iowa Solar power in Iowa on rooftops can provide 20% of all electricity used in Iowa. A 2012 estimate suggests that a 5 kW array will pay for itself in utility savings in 18 years, and generate a profit of $12,000 thereafter. On June 7, 2012, Sky Factory in Fairfield became the first company in the state to generate all of their electricity from solar power, with the installation of a 54 kW 3500 sq. ft. solar array.

positive: Story County Wind Farm The Story County Wind Farm is a 300 megawatt wind energy farm in Iowa, half of which went online in November 2008 and the other half went online in December 2009. It can be seen when driving toward Ames on Highway 30.

positive: Wind power in Iowa Making up more than 25% of the state's generated electricity, Iowa is a leading U.S. state in wind power generation. The development of wind power in Iowa began with a state law, enacted in 1983, requiring investor owned utilities purchase 105 MW of power from wind generation.

negative: 2003 Iowa highway jurisdictional transfer On July 1, 2003, the Iowa Department of Transportation transferred control of more than 700 miles (1,100 km) of highway to county and local governments in order to save money and to increase operational efficiency.  Most of the highways turned over were short spurs connecting small, rural communities and state parks to the highway system.

negative: 2007 NBA Development League Expansion Draft The 2007 NBA Development League Expansion Draft was the second expansion draft of the National Basketball Association Development League (NBADL). The draft was held on September 5, 2007, so that the newly founded Rio Grande Valley Vipers, Fort Wayne Mad Ants, Utah Flash and Iowa Energy could acquire players for the upcoming 2007–08 season.

negative: 2010–11 NBA Development League season The 2010–11 NBA Development League season is the tenth season of the NBA Development League (NBA D-League). The NBA D-League is the official minor league basketball organization owned and run by the National Basketball Association (NBA). The league was formed in 2001 as the National Basketball Development League (NBDL). The league adopted its current name in 2005 to reflect its close affiliation with the NBA.

negative: 2011 Iowa Barnstormers season The 2011 Iowa Barnstormers season was the 11th season for the franchise, and the 7th in the Arena Football League. The team was coached by J. T. Smith, who took over as interim head coach on May 17 after John Gregory resigned. The Barnstormers played their home games at Wells Fargo Arena.

negative: Adam Haluska Adam Haluska (born November 16, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player.

negative: Alliant Energy Alliant Energy Corporation is a public utility holding company that incorporated in Madison, Wisconsin in 1981.  It consists of four subsidiaries: Interstate Power and Light Company (IPL) is a public utility that generates and distributes electricity and distributes and transports natural gas in Iowa. Wisconsin Power and Light Company (WPL) provides similar services as IPL in southern and central Wisconsin.

negative: Ames Laboratory Ames Laboratory is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Ames, Iowa and affiliated with Iowa State University.  The Laboratory conducts research into various areas of national concern, including the synthesis and study of new materials, energy resources, high-speed computer design, and environmental cleanup and restoration.

negative: Ashford University Field Ashford University Field is a stadium in Clinton, Iowa.  It is primarily used for baseball, and is the home field of the Clinton LumberKings minor league baseball team of the Midwest League.  It was built in 1937 and its capacity is 4,000 fans.

negative: Bakken pipeline The Bakken Pipeline is a 1,134 mile long underground oil pipeline project for highly volatile and flammable crude oil from the Bakken oil fields in Northwest North Dakota, through South Dakota, Iowa and to end in Patoka, Illinois, which Dakota Access, LLC, a subsidiary of the Dallas, Texas corporation Energy Transfer Partners, L.P. is planning.

negative: Berkshire Hathaway Energy Berkshire Hathaway Energy (previously known as MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company until 2014) is a holding company that is 89.8% owned by Berkshire Hathaway. Berkshire has owned a controlling stake since 1999.Gregory E. Abel serves as president, chairman and CEO. David L. Sokol was CEO until 2008. Until 2014, it was known as MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company from its root as MidAmerican Energy Company; it took on the name of its parent to reflect the diversity of its portfolio.

negative: Bob Donewald, Jr. Bob Donewald Jr. is an American basketball coach, currently serving as head coach of the Iowa Energy. He was an NBA assistant with the New Orleans Hornets and Cleveland Cavaliers from 2001 to 2004, and an ABA (American Basketball Association) head coach from 2004-2005. He is the son of Bob Donewald, Sr., a retired American college basketball head coach.

negative: Bruce Wilson (basketball) Bruce Wilson (born October 19, 1954) is the Director for the West Region of Special Olympics Iowa. Previously he served as an assistant coach  for Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League.

negative: Compressed air energy storage Compressed air energy storage is a way to store energy generated at one time for use at another time using compressed air. At utility scale, energy generated during periods of low energy demand (off-peak) can be released to meet higher demand (peak load) periods. Small scale systems have long been used in such applications as propulsion of mine locomotives.

negative: Conard Environmental Research Area The Henry S. Conard Environmental Research Area (CERA) is a protected environmental research facility at 41°41′00″N 92°51′52″W outside Kellogg, Iowa. The 365-acre (148 ha) facility is owned and operated by Grinnell College for class use in the study of ecology and student and faculty research. The preserve is named for Henry S. Conard, a bryologist and ecologist who long served as the chair of the college's Department of Botany.

negative: Conservation of energy In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant—it is said to be conserved over time. Energy can be neither created nor be destroyed, but it transforms from one form to another, for instance chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy in the explosion of a stick of dynamite.A consequence of the law of conservation of energy is that a perpetual motion machine of the first kind cannot exist.

negative: Curtis Stinson Curtis Stinson (born February 15, 1983) is an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball at Iowa State University.

negative: Dave Loebsack David Wayne "Dave" Loebsack (born December 23, 1952) is the U.S. Representative for Iowa's 2nd congressional district, serving since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes such cities as Davenport, Iowa City, Clinton and Ottumwa. Prior to entering Congress, he was a professor of political science.

negative: Des Moines, Iowa Des Moines /dɨˈmɔɪn/ is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small portion of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines which was shortened to "Des Moines" in 1857. It is named after the Des Moines River, which may have been adapted from the French Rivière des Moines, meaning "River of the Monks". The city's population was 203,433 as of the 2010 census.

negative: Diante Garrett Diante Maurice Garrett (born November 3, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for Maccabi Ashdod of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. He played college basketball for Iowa State University.

negative: Doug Thomas Douglas Kim Thomas II (born September 20, 1983) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Mississauga Power of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL). He has played professionally in Venezuela, Mexico, Sweden, and the Philippines. In 2011, he was invited to the San Antonio Spurs training camp.Thomas was a member of the Iowa Hawkeyes where he won the Big-10 Conference Sixth Man of the Year.

negative: Earthpark Earthpark is a proposed best-in-class educational facility with indoor rain forest and aquarium elements, and a mission of "inspiring generations to learn from the natural world."  It was previously called the Environmental Project.Earthpark was to be located around Lake Red Rock, near the town of Pella, Iowa.  In December 2007, federal funding from the U.S. Department of Energy for the Pella location was rescinded.

negative: Efficient energy use Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature. Installing fluorescent lights , LED lights or natural skylights reduces the amount of energy required to attain the same level of illumination compared with using traditional incandescent light bulbs.

negative: Electrical energy Electrical energy is the energy newly derived from  electric potential energy. When loosely used to describe energy absorbed or delivered by an electrical circuit (for example, one provided by an electric power utility) "electrical energy" talks about energy which has been converted from electrical potential energy. This energy is supplied by the combination of electric current and electrical potential that is delivered by the circuit.

negative: Energy In physics, energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms, but cannot be created or destroyed. The "ability of a system to perform work" is a common description, but it is difficult to give one single comprehensive definition of energy because of its many forms.

negative: Energy (esotericism) The term energy is used by writers and practitioners of various esoteric forms of spirituality and alternative medicine to refer to a variety of phenomena. There is no scientific evidence for the existence of such energy. Therapies that purport to use, modify, or manipulate unknown energies are thus among the most contentious of all complementary and alternative medicines. Claims related to energy therapies are most often anecdotal, rather than being based on repeatable empirical evidence.

negative: Energy Manufacturing Co. Inc Energy Manufacturing Co., Inc. is an American manufacturing company based in Monticello, Iowa. Established in 1944, the company produces a variety of hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic pumps, valves, and power systems.

negative: Energy balance (energy economics) Energy balance in terms of energy economics is concerned with all processes within an organization, that have an reference to energy. It derives from the ecobalance and has the ambition to analyze and verify the emergence, transformation and use of energy resources in an organization in detail. Energy balances serve as a major statistical data base for energy policy and energy management decisions.

negative: Energy conservation Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less of an energy service. Energy conservation differs from efficient energy use, which refers to using less energy for a constant service. For example, driving less is an example of energy conservation. Driving the same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is an example of energy efficiency.

negative: Energy development Energy development is a field of endeavor focused on making available sufficient primary energy sources and secondary energy forms to meet the needs of society. These endeavors encompass those which provide for the production of conventional, alternative and renewable sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted.

negative: Energy homeostasis In biology, energy homeostasis, or energy balance, is an aspect of bioenergetics concerning the energy flow through living systems, by the process of metabolism. Energy homeostasis involves the human body using chemical and neural signals to adjust the amount of energy flows; and to regulate caloric intake by signaling the brain to regulate the sensation of hunger. Fifty percent of the energy from glucose metabolism is immediately converted to heat.

negative: Energy management Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption units. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management, production management, logistics and other established business functions.

negative: Energy policy of China The energy policy of China is a policy decided on by the Central Government with regard to energy and energy resources. Ensuring adequate energy supply to sustain economic growth has been a core concern of the Chinese government since 1949. The country is currently the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases according to a Dutch research agency. However, China's per capita emissions are still far behind some of the developed countries.

negative: Energy policy of the United States The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal, state and local entities in the United States, which address issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption, such as building codes and gas mileage standards.

negative: Harley A. Wilhelm Harley A. Wilhelm (August 5, 1900 – October 7, 1995) was an American chemist who helped to establish the United States Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University. His uranium extraction process helped make it possible for the Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bombs.

negative: Highland Wind Energy Center The Highland Wind Project is a large wind power project in O'Brien County, Iowa. The 500 MW project is scheduled to be placed online in 2015.

negative: Intrepid Wind Farm The Intrepid Wind Farm consists of 107 wind turbines, located in Sac and Buena Vista counties in north-west Iowa, has a generating capacity of 160.5 megawatts of electricity.

negative: Iowa-class battleship The Iowa-class battleships were a class of fast battleships ordered by the United States Navy in 1939 and 1940 to escort the Fast Carrier Task Forces that would operate in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Four were completed; two more were laid down but canceled at war's end and scrapped.

negative: Iowa Iowa (/ˈaɪ.əwə/) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States, a region sometimes called the "American Heartland". Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east and the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; it is the only U.S. state whose eastern and western borders are formed entirely by rivers.

negative: Iowa (album) Iowa is the second major label studio album by American heavy metal band, Slipknot. Released by Roadrunner Records on August 28, 2001, it was produced by Ross Robinson and Slipknot. The title derives from the band's home state, Iowa, which members have stated is one of their greatest sources of inspiration. With much anticipation for the band's second album following on the success of their 1999 self-titled debut, pressures on the band were high.

negative: Iowa City, Iowa Iowa City is a "city" (as defined by people from rural Illinois) in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the only City of Literature in the U.S., as awarded by UNESCO in 2008. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862. The Census Bureau estimated the 2014 population at 73,415, making it the fifth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa.

negative: Iowa County, Iowa Iowa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,355. The county seat is Marengo.Iowa County is one of seven counties in the United States to share the same name as the state they are located in. The other six counties are Arkansas County, Hawaii County, Idaho County, New York County, Oklahoma County, and Utah County.

negative: Iowa Hawkeyes football The Iowa Hawkeyes football team is the college football team representing the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa. The team is currently coached by Kirk Ferentz, who has begun his 17th season as the head coach and is also tied for the second longest current tenured coach in the NCAA Division I FBS (he is tied with Bob Stoops at the University of Oklahoma).  The Hawkeyes compete in the West Division of the Big Ten Conference.

negative: Iowa Highway 105 Iowa Highway 105 (Iowa 105) was an east–west route which ran 34 miles (55 km) from Lake Mills to St. Ansgar in northern Iowa.  Since January 1, 1993, Iowa 105 has been known as County Road 105 (CR 105).  County Road 105 was the first county road in Iowa to not follow the standard alphanumeric route numbering system.

negative: Iowa Stars The Iowa Stars, later known as the Iowa Chops, were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. The club was based in Des Moines, Iowa at the Wells Fargo Arena.

negative: Iowa State Fairgrounds The Iowa State Fairgrounds is located on the east side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States.  It annually hosts the Iowa State Fair in late summer.  The state fair was begun in Iowa in 1854 and the current fairgrounds were established in 1886.  The fairgrounds were listed as an historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 as the Iowa State Fair and Exposition Grounds.

negative: Iowa State University Iowa State University of Science and Technology, more commonly known as Iowa State University, Iowa State, or ISU, is a public land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States.  The university is a flagship university of the state of Iowa and a group member of the prestigious Association of American Universities and the Universities Research Association.

negative: Iowa flood of 2008 The Iowa flood of 2008 was a hydrological event involving most of the rivers in eastern Iowa beginning around June 8, 2008 and ending about July 1. Flooding continued on the Upper Mississippi River in the southeastern portion of the state for several more days.

negative: Iowa locations by per capita income Iowa is the thirty-first richest state in the United States of America, with a per capita income of $19,674 (2000).

negative: Iowa people The Iowa (also spelled Ioway), also known as the Báxoǰe, are a Native American Siouan people.

negative: James Hansen James Edward Hansen (born March 29, 1941) is an American adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University. Hansen is best known for his research in the field of climatology, his testimony on climate change to congressional committees in 1988 that helped raise broad awareness of global warming, and his advocacy of action to avoid dangerous climate change.

negative: Jason Bohannon Jason Bohannon (born 30 December 1987) is a basketball player formerly with USC Heidelberg in Germany. He is a Shooting Guard that is 6-2 198 pounds.

negative: Jeff Horner Jeff Horner (born August 1, 1983) is an American basketball player best known as a point guard for the University of Iowa Hawkeyes basketball team.  Horner currently holds the University of Iowa career three point record at 232 shots made.  Horner was born in Mason City, Iowa.  His father Bob Horner was Mason City High School varsity basketball coach. Horner made a verbal commitment to the University of Iowa while in the ninth grade.

negative: List of Governors of Iowa The Governor of Iowa is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Iowa. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Iowa's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Iowa State Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.There have been 41 governors of Iowa.

negative: List of Iowa state highways State highways in the U.S. state of Iowa are owned and maintained by the Iowa Department of Transportation.

negative: List of Iowa townships This alphabetic list of townships in Iowa is based on the U.S. Census for 2000.  Iowa has 1,599 townships.See: List of townships in Iowa by county, List of counties in Iowa, List of cities in Iowa.Index:

negative: List of cities in Iowa As of 2010, there are 947 incorporated cities in the U.S. state of Iowa. According to the 2010 United States Census, Iowa has 3,046,355 inhabitants and 55,857.13 square miles (144,669.3 km2) of land.Iowa is divided into 99 counties and has 947 cities. Every incorporated place in Iowa is called a "city," regardless of population. Incorporated cities can choose one of six forms of municipal government, but most operate as mayor–council.

negative: List of county courthouses in Iowa This is a list of Iowa county courthouses.  Each county in Iowa has a city that is the county seat where the county government resides, including a county courthouse, except for Lee County, which has two county seats and two county courthouses.

negative: List of newspapers in Iowa This is a list of newspapers in Iowa.

negative: List of tallest buildings in Iowa This list of tallest buildings in Iowa ranks skyscrapers and monuments in the US state of Iowa by height.

negative: List of tallest buildings in the Quad Cities This is a list of the tallest buildings in the Quad Cities (Davenport, Rock Island, Moline, and Bettendorf).

negative: List of townships in Iowa by county This is a list of townships in Iowa by county based on United States Geological Survey and U.S. Census data.See: List of Iowa townships, List of counties in Iowa, List of cities in Iowa.

negative: List of unincorporated communities in Iowa This is a list of unincorporated communities in the U.S. state of Iowa, arranged in alphabetical order. This list contains a number of historical communities which no longer exist, and also includes a number of disincorporated cities.

negative: MidAmerican Energy Company MidAmerican Energy Company is an energy company based in Des Moines, Iowa.  Its service area includes almost two-thirds of Iowa, as well as portions of Illinois, South Dakota, and Nebraska.  Its territory is wholly encompassed by the territory of the Midcontinent Independent System Operator.

negative: Nick Nurse Nick Nurse (born July 24, 1967) is an American basketball coach who is an assistant coach for the Toronto Raptors.Nurse spent 12 seasons coaching in Europe, mostly in the British Basketball League (BBL). He won the BBL Coach of the Year Award in 1999–00 and 2003–04. In 2007, he accepted the head coaching job for the Energy, who were preparing for their first season in the NBA D-League. The Energy won division titles under Nurse in the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons.

negative: Nicki Gross Nicki Gross (born July 24, 1989) is an assistant coach for the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League. The Iowa Energy are the NBA Development League affiliate of the Memphis Grizzlies. At the time of her hire, Gross was the only female assistant coach in the NBA D-League.

negative: Palo, Iowa Palo is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,026 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area.Palo is located near the Duane Arnold Energy Center, the only nuclear power plant in Iowa, and the Pleasant Creek State Recreation Park.

negative: Renewable energy Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

negative: Renewable energy commercialization Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years.  First-generation technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat.

negative: Renewable energy debate There is a renewable energy debate about the constraints and opportunities associated with the use of renewable energy.Renewable electricity production, from sources such as wind power and solar power, is sometimes criticized for being variable or intermittent.

negative: Renewable energy in the United States Renewable energy in the United States accounted for 12.9 percent of the domestically produced electricity in 2013, and 11.2 percent of total energy generation. As of 2014, more than 143,000 people work in the solar industry and 43 states deploy net metering, where energy utilities buy back excess power generated by solar arrays.Renewable energy reached a major milestone in the first quarter of 2011, when it contributed 11.7 percent of total U.S.

negative: Rock Island Clean Line The Rock Island Clean Line is a proposed 500-mile high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line. The stated purpose of the line is to transport electrical power from wind energy dense states in the midwest (Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota and Minnesota) to the energy markets in the Chicago, Illinois, and cities further east.  The planned line would run from the Sanborn, Iowa area to near Morris, Illinois.

negative: Rolling Hills Wind Farm The Rolling Hills Wind Farm may be one of two wind farms, one in Wyoming, the other in Iowa.The Wyoming Rolling Hills Wind farm is located in Converse county and has 66 turbines with a total nameplate capacity of 99 megawatts. It is owned by PacifiCorp, a subsidiary of MidAmerican Energy Holdings.The Iowa wind farm is near Massena, Iowa.It has a nameplate capacity of 443.9 megawatts of power and was completed in December 2011.

negative: United States Department of Energy The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material. Its responsibilities include the nation's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy conservation, energy-related research, radioactive waste disposal, and domestic energy production.

negative: United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa, 2014 The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa will be held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014 to elect the four U.S. Representatives from the state of Iowa, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections will coincide with the elections of other federal and state offices, including Governor of Iowa and United States Senate. Primary elections were held on June 4, 2014.

negative: United States Senate Energy Subcommittee on Energy Senate Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy is one of four subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

negative: University of Iowa The University of Iowa (also known as the UI, or simply Iowa) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City, Iowa.  Founded in 1847, Iowa is the oldest university in the state.

negative: Upper Iowa Peacocks The Upper Iowa Peacocks (also UIU Peacocks) are the athletic teams that represent Upper Iowa University, located in Fayette, Iowa, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Peacocks compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference for all 13 varsity sports except for men's soccer, which is an associate member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association.

negative: Walnut Wind Farm The 153 megawatt (MW) capacity Walnut Wind Farm is located in Pottawattamie County, Iowa. The project, owned by MidAmerican, represents the fifth wind farm built for the group for a total of 595 MW and began operations on February 19, 2009.

negative: Wells Fargo Arena (Des Moines, Iowa) Wells Fargo Arena is a 16,980-seat multi-purpose arena in Des Moines, Iowa, USA. Part of the Iowa Events Center, the arena opened on July 12, 2005, at a cost of $117 million. Named for title sponsor Wells Fargo & Company, the arena replaced the aging Veteran's Memorial Auditorium as the Des Moines area's primary venue for sporting events and concerts.

negative: World energy consumption World energy consumption refers to the total energy used by all of human civilization. Typically measured per year, it involves all energy harnessed from every energy source applied towards humanity's endeavors across every single industrial and technological sector, across every country.