query: The heatwave we now have in Europe is not something that was expected with just 1C of warming

positive: Heat wave A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather , which may be accompanied by high humidity , especially in oceanic climate countries . While definitions vary , a heat wave is measured relative to the usual weather in the area and relative to normal temperatures for the season . Temperatures that people from a hotter climate consider normal can be termed a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the normal climate pattern for that area .   The term is applied both to hot weather variations and to extraordinary spells of hot which may occur only once a century . Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures , thousands of deaths from hyperthermia , and widespread power outages due to increased use of air conditioning . A heat wave is considered extreme weather , and a danger because heat and sunlight may overheat the human body .

positive: 2018 British Isles heat wave The 2018 Britain and Ireland heat wave was a period of unusually hot weather that took place in June, July and August. It caused widespread drought, hosepipe bans, crop failures, and a number of wildfires. These wildfires worst affected northern moorland areas around the Greater Manchester region, the largest was at Saddleworth Moor and another was at Winter Hill, together these burned over 14 square miles (36 km2) of land over a period of nearly a month.A heat wave was officially declared on 22 June, with Scotland and Northern Ireland recording temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) for the first time since the July 2013 heat wave. The British Isles were in the middle of a strong warm anticyclone inside a strong northward meander of the jet stream, this was part of the wider 2018 European heat wave. The Met Office declared summer 2018 the joint hottest on record together with 1976, 2003 and 2006.

positive: 2010 Northern Hemisphere heat waves The 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves included severe heat waves that impacted most of the United States, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Hong Kong, North Africa and the European continent as a whole, along with parts of Canada, Russia, Indochina, South Korea and Japan during May, June, July, and August 2010. The first phase of the global heatwaves was caused by a moderate El Niño event, which lasted from June 2009 to May 2010. The first phase lasted only from April 2010 to June 2010, and caused only moderate above average temperatures in the areas affected. But it also set new record high temperatures for most of the area affected, in the Northern Hemisphere. The second phase (the main, and most devastating phase) was caused by a very strong La Niña event, which lasted from June 2010 to June 2011. According to meteorologists, the 2010–11 La Niña event was one of the strongest La Niña events ever observed. That same La Niña event also had devastating effects in the Eastern states of Australia. The second phase lasted from June 2010 to October 2010, caused severe heat waves, and multiple record-breaking temperatures. The heatwaves began on April 2010, when strong anticyclones began to develop, over most of the affected regions, in the Northern Hemisphere. The heatwaves ended in October 2010, when the powerful anticyclones over most of the affected areas dissipated. The heat wave during the summer of 2010 was at its worst in June, over the Eastern United States, Middle East, Eastern Europe and European Russia, and over Northeastern China and southeastern Russia. June 2010 marked the fourth consecutive warmest month on record globally, at 0.66 °C (1.22 °F) above average, while the period April–June was the warmest ever recorded for land areas in the Northern Hemisphere, at 1.25 °C (2.25 °F) above average. The previous record for the global average temperature in June was set in 2005 at 0.66 °C (1.19 °F), and the previous warm record for April–June over Northern Hemisphere land areas was 1.16 °C (2.09 °F), set in 2007. The strongest of the anticyclones, the one situated over Siberia, registered a maximum high pressure of 1040 millibars. The weather caused forest fires in China, where three in a team of 300 died fighting a fire that broke out in the Binchuan County of Dali, as Yunnan suffered the worst drought in 60 years by February 17. A major drought was reported across the Sahel as early as January. In August, a section of the Petermann Glacier tongue connecting northern Greenland, the Nares Strait and the Arctic Ocean broke off, the biggest ice shelf in the Arctic to detach in 48 years. By the time the heatwaves had ended in late October 2010, about $500 billion (2011 USD) of damage was done, in the Northern Hemisphere alone. The World Meteorological Organization stated that the heat waves, droughts and flooding events fit with predictions based on global warming for the 21st century, include those based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2007 4th Assessment Report. Some climatologists argue that these weather events would not have happened if the atmospheric carbon dioxide was at pre-industrial levels.

negative: Now We Have Something to Celebrate Now We Have Something To Celebrate is a split album by Peachcake and Less Pain Forever .

negative: Hispasat 1C Hispasat 1C is a Spanish communications satellite which is operated by Hispasat . It was constructed by Alcatel Space and is based on the Spacebus-3000B2 satellite bus . Launch occurred on 3 February 2000 , at 23:30 . The launch was contracted by ILS , and used an Atlas IIAS carrier rocket flying from SLC-36B at Cape Canaveral .   It has a mass of 3113 kg , and an expected service life of 15 years .   Following its launch and on-orbit testing , it was placed in geostationary orbit at 30 ° West , from where it provides communications services to Europe and the Americas . It is expected to remain in service until at least 2015 .

negative: Sound of Our Hearts Sound of Our Hearts is a song by Hungarian group Compact Disco . The song represented Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku , Azerbaijan . It qualified from the first semi-final into the grand final where it finished 24th of 26 entrants .   `` Back in our previous years we just made song about love and relation and some easy things , you know . Now , these days we just feel that maybe we just have to make something more serious . ... If you look around what is going on in the world - not just in Hungary - the situation is just going down . And it is not so good , so ... our message is that we should look after each other . We should be more close to each other . We should take care of the relationship because if it is not working than everything is just going in a really bad way . '' - Eurovision interview with the group . Ref

negative: British Guiana 1c magenta The British Guiana 1c magenta is regarded by many philatelists as the world 's most famous rare stamp . It was issued in limited numbers in British Guiana ( now Guyana ) in 1856 , and only one specimen is now known to exist . It is the only major postage stamp ever issued that is not represented in Britain 's Royal Philatelic Collection .   It is imperforate , printed in black on magenta paper , and it features a sailing ship along with the colony 's Latin motto `` Damus Petimus Que Vicissim '' ( We give and expect in return ) in the middle . Four thin lines frame the ship . The stamp 's country of issue and value in small black upper case lettering in turn surround the frame .  With its $ 9,480,000 sale on 17 June 2014 to Stuart Weitzman , this item has broken the world record for a single stamp auction price each of the last four times it has been sold .

negative: Expectation (epistemic) In the case of uncertainty , expectation is what is considered the most likely to happen . An expectation , which is a belief that is centered on the future , may or may not be realistic . A less advantageous result gives rise to the emotion of disappointment . If something happens that is not at all expected , it is a surprise . An expectation about the behavior or performance of another person , expressed to that person , may have the nature of a strong request , or an order ; this kind of expectation is called a social norm . The degree to which something is expected to be true can be expressed using fuzzy logic .

negative: Start from the Dark Start from the Dark is the sixth studio album by the Swedish rock band Europe . It was released on 22 September 2004 by Sanctuary Records . It was the band 's first release since reforming in 2003 , and the first original album of all-new material since 1991 's Prisoners in Paradise .   Start from the Dark departs from the glam metal genre and featured a more modern sound compared to Europe 's previous albums . `` We wanted to be doing something at least that was a little bit relevant now ; bit of a dry mix , detuned a bit , '' vocalist Joey Tempest said , `` So we felt like we did n't want to do an '80s album per se , we just wanted to start like a fresh band really . '' Eventually , the album sold in excess of 600,000 copies worldwide .

negative: Closer to Love `` Closer to Love '' is the first single from Mat Kearney 's third album City of Black & White . It was released as a digital download on March 10 , 2009 . The song was featured in USA Today and chosen as the `` Pick of the week . '' The music video was released on March 27 , 2009 .   Kearney explained to Relevant Magazine that this song is , `` about dealing with the difficulties of a tough world , or maybe about the tough world we see our friends living in , or maybe it 's something about the growing we are all a part of -- longing for something whole and perfect -- like we are just passing though this place . ''   `` Closer to Love '' appears on the compilation album Now That 's What I Call Faith .

negative: This Is Who We Are (Run Kid Run album) This Is Who We Are is the debut album from Christian pop punk band Run Kid Run . It was released by Tooth & Nail Records on May 18 , 2006 . `` We 've Only Just Begun '' was the first single from the album . The album was produced by James Paul Wisner ( Dashboard Confessional , Further Seems Forever , New Found Glory ) .   `` This Is Who We Are is about finding your true sense of self , and then holding on to that with all you have , '' says guitarist Neil Endicott , `` We want people to have something they can listen to that makes them feel better about whatever is going on in their life . ''

negative: Condosity The condosity of a solution is defined as the molar concentration of sodium chloride that has the same specific electrical conductance as the solution .  For example , for a 2M KCl solution , we would expect the condosity to be something more than 2.0 . This is because Potassium is more metallic than sodium . We know that it will be a better conductor .  Category : Solutions

negative: Self-realization Self-realization is an expression used in psychology , philosophy , spirituality , and Eastern religions . It is defined as the `` fulfillment by oneself of the possibilities of one 's character or personality . ''   In one overview , Mortimer Adler defines self-realization as freedom from external coercion , including cultural expectations , political and economic freedom , and the freedom from worldly attachments and desires etc. . Paramahansa Yogananda defined Self-realization as `` the knowing -- in body , mind , and soul -- that we are one with the omnipresence of God ; that we do not have to pray that it come to us , that we are not merely near it at all times , but that God 's omnipresence is our omnipresence ; that we are just as much a part of Him now as we ever will be . All we have to do is improve our knowing . ''

negative: Heatwave (magazine) Heatwave was a short-lived libertarian socialist journal launched by Charles Radcliffe . Only two issues of the journal were produced , appearing in July and September 1966 . The first issue positioned itself as an ` experimental , perhaps slightly crazed libertarian socialist journal ' , and included a statement of intent : ` HEATWAVE is not a rival to existing publications on the libertarian left , but an addition to the libertarian press and an extension of its ideology , both conscious and unconscious , into new fields . HEATWAVE wants to generate heat in every field . We believe the time is ripe for an explosion of revolutionary energy which would alter the face of the earth . HEATWAVE advocates the use of any and all means that may bring to a climax the crisis of capitalism and authoritarianism , and result in the total extinction of all forms of exploitation or authority . '   The journal 's formation was inspired by , and aspired to be the British counterpart of a similar , Chicago based publication , The Rebel Worker , which was associated with the Industrial Workers of the World .

negative: Tough Love (Pulled Apart by Horses album) Tough Love is the second album from the Leeds four piece Pulled Apart by Horses . It was recorded at Monnow Valley Studio in South Wales . It was released on 20 January 2012 . In an interview with NME , Bassist Rob Lee explained that  `` This album is a lot more direct , we 're better musicians and songwriters now . On the first one , we were n't that good as musicians , but now we 've been touring relentlessly and we 've got to be better players . We made our debut ourselves and it was n't ambitious . This feels more like our first proper album and not just something for self-gratification . Every song on this album has its own personality and really stands on its own '' .

negative: Türksat 1C Türksat 1C was a Turkish communications satellite as part of a project to form an instant network with two geosynchronous satellites that is supervised by the companies Türksat A.Ş . in Turkey and Aérospatiale of France .   Türksat 1C was launched by Arianespace atop an Ariane-44L H10-3 launch vehicle along with  Saudi Arabian satellite Arabsat-2A in a dual-payload launch on July 9 , 1996 from ELA-2 at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou , French Guiana . It was built under the insurance terms of the turnkey system contract to replace the first Turkish satellite Türksat 1A , which was lost following a launch failure on January 24 , 1994 . The contract was modified so that the coverage area of Türksat 1C was enlarged by two big zones .   Turksat 1C was successfully placed into geostationary transfer orbit and positioned at 31.3 ° E on July 10 , 1996 . Completing the orbital tests , the satellite shifted to longitude 42 ° E . After this process , which took 17 days , the broadcast traffic of the Türksat 1B was transferred to Türksat 1C . Finally , when these processes completed Türksat 1B was positioned at 31.3 ° E following similar orbital manoeuvres .   Turksat 1C was designed for covering Turkey and Europe on west spot by vertical emission and Turkey and Central Asia on east spot by horizontal emission so as to serve simultaneously between Europe , Turkey and Central Asia , and to provide direct connection between Europe and Central Asia . It is based on the Aerospatiale Spacebus 2000 series having an on-orbit mass of 1062 kg . The communications payload consists of 16 Ku band transponders with eight backup , nine with 36Mhz , two with 54Mhz and five 72Mhz bandwidth .   On July 16 , 2008 , all traffic on Turksat 1C was transferred to Turksat 3A , which was launched on June 13 , 2008 and its television broadcast was terminated on October 3 , 2010 .

negative: Climate Code Red Climate Code Red : The Case for Emergency Action is a 2008 book which presents scientific evidence that the global warming crisis is worse than official reports and national governments have so far indicated . The book argues that we are facing a `` sustainability emergency '' that requires a clear break from business-as-usual politics . The authors explain that emergency action to address climate change is not so much a radical idea as an indispensable course we must embark upon . Climate Code Red draws heavily on the work of a large number of climate scientists , including James E. Hansen .   The key themes of Climate Code Red are :  `` Our goal is a safe-climate future -- we have no right to bargain away species or human lives . ''  `` We are facing rapid warming impacts : the danger is immediate , not just in the future . ''  `` For a safe climate future , we must take action now to stop emissions and to cool the earth . ''  `` Plan a large-scale transition to a post-carbon economy and society . ''  `` Recognise a climate and sustainability emergency , because we need to move at a pace far beyond business and politics as usual '' .   Co-author David Spratt is a Melbourne businessman , climate-policy analyst , and co-founder of the Carbon Equity network . Co-author Philip Sutton is convener of the Greenleap Strategic Institute and Assistant Convenor of the Climate Emergency Network .   The book was launched by the Governor of Victoria , Professor David de Kretser in Parliament House in Melbourne , Victoria , on July 17 , 2008 .

negative: Huddersfield Y.M.C.A. RUFC Huddersfield YMCA Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union team based in Huddersfield , West Yorkshire . The club runs four senior sides and a full set of junior teams . The first XV currently plays in National League 3 North , having been promoted from North 1 East the previous season .   Junior Rugby at the YMCA   The 2012/13 season marked our 40th anniversary of developing and promoting junior rugby for every age group -- from U6s through to colts and seniors . This is very clearly reflected in the large number of home-grown players that now make up our First XV . We have a great group RFU qualified coaches that are CRB-checked and ready to take your children from Tag rugby , through mini rugby and onto the senior game .  If you 're new to the area , the game or just want to try something different then come and try rugby union in a warm and friendly environment .

negative: Got to Have Faith `` Got to Have Faith '' is a 2004 single released by the Swedish heavy metal band Europe . It was released on September 15 , 2004 , and was the first single from the album Start from the Dark .   `` Got to Have Faith '' was co-written by vocalist Joey Tempest and guitarist John Norum , and was the first song written for Start from the Dark . `` We wanted to make something modern , heavy and something that would be relevant now , '' Tempest said , `` So John sent me some riffs to my hometown in London and I just started putting things together , writing lyrics and when I felt I had something , I sent it off to the other guys . They were all like , ` This is great ! ' ... Hence the heavier riffs , the D-tuning and everything because that 's the way John likes to do it . ''   The song 's music video features the band performing in a garage interspersed with clips taken from the Ghost Rider motorcycle stunt films . In an interlude , the video shows brief , distorted clips of the band taken from the 1980s . Ghost Rider , touching speeds over 300 km/h , zooms past Upplands Väsby , the Swedish suburb where the band was formed , at the end of the video .

negative: Climate change in Germany Climate change in Europe describes the climate change related issues in Europe . This includes the climate politics , contribution in the global warming and the influence of the global warming in Europe .

negative: All That We Have Now All That We Have Now is the second studio album by post-hardcore band Fear , and Loathing in Las Vegas , released on August 8 , 2012 .   `` Just Awake '' , originally recorded in Japanese , was later released with an English version .   This is the last release to feature Ma $ hu as the bass guitarist . He left the band in 2013 , and was later replaced by Kei .

negative: 2014 Pentecost weekend storms in Europe 2014 Pentecost weekend storms in Europe were a series of severe supercell storms affecting western Europe which followed a heatwave in early June 2014 , resulting from a Spanish plume synoptic weather pattern . The weekend saw repeated convective storm development across an arc from southwest France towards Paris and on towards Belgium and northwest Germany , where warm air masses interacted with the cooler air brought in by an area of low pressure moving towards the continent from the Atlantic . Outbreaks of severe weather were reported from these storm developments with the worst damages occurring over the German state of on 9 June , where the storm was described as one of the most violent in decades by the German weather service ( Deutscher Wetterdienst ) , this storm is also referred to as low pressure area `` Ela '' in some German media .

negative: Spock's Beard (album) Spock 's Beard is the eponymous ninth studio album by American progressive rock band Spock 's Beard .   On September 21 , 2006 , Dave Meros added the tentative track list to the band 's website , and said the following regarding the album 's title : `` As you probably know by now , we 're calling our ninth studio release simply Spock 's Beard . No big heavy reasoning behind that , really , it just seemed like a cool thing to do . ( Of course , you are more than welcome to help us invent some heavy philosophical or hidden meaning so we 'll have something interesting to say in interviews ... There are a few cool song titles that could have become the CD title ... but we 've done that a lot before . Then there is the obvious ` SB9 ' and its variations , or the clever play on words thing , like ` nein ' or ` asinine ' or something like that . ''   Like its predecessors `` A Guy Named Sid '' ( from Feel Euphoria ) and `` A Flash Before My Eyes '' ( from Octane ) , the individual sections of `` As Far as the Mind Can See '' are divided into separate tracks on the album .

negative: 1C Company 1C Company ( Russian : Фирма `` 1С '' ) is an independent Russian software developers and publishers . Its headquarters are in Moscow , Russia . It is best known outside Russia as a video game developer whose presence has come to dominate events like the KRI , and whose products have begun to show up for international platforms like the Xbox . On the internal Russian market , 1C is considered a leader in business software as well .   1C 's comprehensive business software suite 1C : Предприятие ( 1C : Predpriyatiye , 1C : Enterprise ) has held an overwhelming market share for over a decade . 1C is also a leader in localizing and publishing Russian-language versions of international software . For instance , more than half of popular Western video games are licensed and published by 1C . The company has over 700 employees , 10,000 business partners , 4,500 authorized retailers , 1,200 training centers , 200 authorized certification locations and over 280 stores in 100 cities .

negative: Something Is Expected Something Is Expected is Theresa Sokyrka 's second album . It was released on August 29 , 2006 .

negative: Blood/Candy Blood/Candy is the seventh studio album by American alternative rock band The Posies , released on September 28 , 2010 , by Rykodisc . It is the band 's first new album release in five years following Every Kind of Light .   The Posies say this is something totally different from what they 've tried before . `` We subscribe to the ` evolve or perish ' philosophy , '' co-founder Jon Auer says in a statement . `` We directed ourselves to new places with this recording and tried not to travel down familiar paths when it could be avoided . Expect the unexpected ''   `` One of the things I was hoping to do on this record , '' says Auer , `` was go back to the idea of Ken and me writing most of the songs , versus the last recording we did , where we kind of cobbled things together in the studio with everyone . I just felt like we needed to have that time to prepare and actually sit down and write . '' As a result , Stringfellow says , `` I would say that I feel the songs on this one a bit deeper ... there 's stuff from way down in there that I think gives it a little more soul . ''

negative: Australia West Express Australia West Express is a planned submarine cable linking Western Australia and Djibouti with en route landings at Diego Garcia . It is expected to create the fastest latency link between Europe and Australia , avoiding the Malaysian/Indonesia choke point .   Australia West Express is planned to have landings at Djibouti where it can interconnect with other submarine cables EIG , SEACOM , EASSy , SEA-ME-WE 3 and soon AAE-1 and SEA-ME-WE 5 .

negative: We Just Be Dreamin' `` We Just Be Dreamin ' '' is a song by ten piece hip-hop group Blazin ' Squad , released as the lead single from their second studio album , Now or Never .

negative: Their / They're / There Their / They 're / There is an indie rock band from Chicago , Illinois . All three members are prominent figures in the Chicago indie scene , having each been a part of numerous noteworthy projects based in the area . The group released their first two EPs , Their / They 're / There and Analog Weekend in 2013 . Frontman Evan Weiss said of the band 's sound `` people have these expectations like it 's gon na sound like something we 've already done , but it does n't -LSB- ... -RSB- but I think , listening to the songs , you can tell that the three of us wrote them . ''

negative: Stick to Me Stick to Me is the title of the third album by rock and roll singer-songwriter Graham Parker and his first group , the Rumour . Critical opinion of Stick to Me generally ranks it below their first two albums , Howlin ' Wind and Heat Treatment . An undeniable shortcoming is the sound : the sessions suffered from a production mishap . The original recording was ruined , and all the songs needed to be rerecorded hastily .   Parker , interviewed by Steve Hammer , recalled the making of the album :   '' ... for `` Stick to Me , '' we had an 80-piece string section playing . But the whole album had to be scrapped because the master tape was leaking oxide or something . The producer , again , did n't seem to spot it . We saw this black stuff coming off the tapes but he did n't notice it . When we came to mix it , it was un-mixable . The hi-hat was leaking through all the tracks . It was a nightmare , because we had a tour coming up . In those days I had a manager , and managers are always saying , `` We have to play in Sweden now , '' like that 's the most important thing to do .  So we re-made the record in a week with Nick Lowe . It 's not what I wanted at all . It 's a very intense , grungy-sounding record , but I kind of like it now for that reason . I think people are trying to get that sound now , and have been since the late '80s , when we finally got rid of that Phil Collins drum sound and got real again . If a band made a record like that now , it would be hailed as a great low-fi record . But in those days , of course , the American press panned it . They thought I should sound like Boston or Journey or something . They thought I should have a slicker sound . But they had a point . ''

negative: Warm River (story) `` Warm River '' is short love story by Erskine Caldwell , included in the collection We Are the Living ( 1933 ) .

negative: DARPA Robotics Challenge The DARPA Robotics Challenge ( DRC ) was a prize competition funded by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency . Held from 2012 to 2015 , it aimed to develop semi-autonomous ground robots that could do `` complex tasks in dangerous , degraded , human-engineered environments . '' The DRC followed the DARPA Grand Challenge and DARPA Urban Challenge . It began in October 2012 and was to run for about 33 months with three competitions : a Virtual Robotics Challenge ( VRC ) that took place in June 2013 ; and two live hardware challenges , the DRC Trials in December 2013 and the DRC Finals in June 2015 .   Besides spurring development of semi-autonomous robots , the DRC also sought to make robotic software and systems development more accessible beyond the end of the program . To that end , the DRC funded the adaptation of the GAZEBO robot simulator by the Open Source Robotics Foundation ( OSRF ) for DRC purposes and the construction of six Boston Dynamics ATLAS robots that were given to the teams that performed best in the VRC .   Dr. Gill Pratt , Program Manager DARPA Robotics Challenge described DARPA and its goals with the Robotics Challenge : DARPA 's role is to spur innovation . And we do it by focused , short term efforts . We pick things that are not impossible , but also not very low risk . So we take very high risk gambles , and those risks have tremendous payoffs . So if we 're successful it means that these robots are actually going to be able to make a difference . In particular , in disaster scenarios making society more resilient . The lesson of the original challenge -LSB- DARPA Grand Challenge - driverless cars -RSB- is that persistence pays . It 's important if you know the technology is almost there and you can sort of see the light at the end of the tunnel , a little bit of persistence will pay off . What I 'm hoping for in the trials is that some of the teams will score some points . I do n't think that any team is going to score all the points that there are . Maybe no teams will even score half the points that there are . But I think some teams will do moderately well . My expectation is that the robots are going to be slow . What we 're looking for right now is for the teams to just do as well as roughly that one year old child . If we can get there , then we think that we have good reason to believe that some of these teams with continued persistence for another year will actually be able to demonstrate robots that show the utility that these things might have in a real disaster scenario . DARPA is in the innovation business , not in the development business . So , what we do is we wait for technology to be almost ready for something big to happen , and then we add a focused effort to catalyze the something . It does n't mean that we take it all the way into a system that 's deployed or to the marketplace . We rely on the commercial sector to do that . But we provide the impetus , the extra push the technology needs to do that .

negative: Heatwave in Berlin Heatwave in Berlin ( 1961 ) is a novel by Australian writer Dymphna Cusack .

negative: Diamond Mine (King Creosote & Jon Hopkins album) Diamond Mine is a collaborative studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter King Creosote and English electronica musician Jon Hopkins , released on 28 March 2011 through Domino Records . Inspired by the East Neuk of Fife , the album combines Creosote 's songs with field recordings by Hopkins . Upon release , Creosote stated : `` I really do n't know what to do next , because , in some ways , I 'm at that peak . I do n't know where to go from here . '' The album was subsequently followed by the EP , Honest Words in September 2011 , and the double a-side single , `` John Taylor 's Month Away '' / `` Missionary '' in February 2012 .   Diamond Mine was nominated for the 2011 Mercury Prize , with Creosote noting , `` I was n't expecting it at all . -LSB- ... -RSB- There 's been a lot of people in the media nailing their colours to the mast with this record , and that 's quite encouraging -- to know that we 've got supporters , and a lot of them . I 'm not expecting to win , but just to be on that list . This is something I 've been on the outside of forever , and now here we are . It 's all good . It makes up for not selling records , anyway ! '' The album sold 25,000 copies in 2011 .

negative: Good Fortune (78 Saab album) Good Fortune is the fourth and final album by Australian rock band 78 Saab , released in 2010 .   The album came three years after its predecessor , The Bells Line , during which time frontman Ben Nash said the band had been drifting and procrastinating . The catalyst for a return to songwriting and recording was the death of a photographer friend in 2008 , which inspired the song `` Warm Jets '' . Nash told Beat magazine : `` We were going through a difficult time as a band anyway . We did n't really talk about things , we just internalised a lot of stuff lyrically , maybe that 's why the album is a bit darker than usual . But when you have a close friend that passes away or issues on the home front , it makes you realise how fleeting life can be and how important it is to grab those opportunities . You just may not be here next month . As soon as that hit home for us , we realised we still had a purpose as a band and we 'd been coasting around for too long . We knew we were capable of walking into the rehearsal room and punching out a couple of good songs - so we decided to do that and concentrate completely . ''   Nash said `` Warm Jets '' was built around the friend who died and his love of photography , `` but the trick was to write this song about a mate passing away , though without sounding too heavy-handed . In the end I was happy with the way the message is conveyed -- it 's still uplifting at the same time as touching . ''   He said the album 's title was a recognition that the band had `` really had good fortune in that we are still mates with a good body of work behind us as a band . From day one the philosophy has always been that you 're in charge of your own destiny . It 's amazing when you think that we started out in Canberra back in 1996 after winning a band competition . Once the band managed to find its own identity and its true sound - that was the most exciting experience ever . When you start putting together quality songs you realise that this is no longer an illusion , you 're a real band . It 's that moment of , ` wow , we 're really onto something here . ' ''


query: In a study last year, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and David Pollard of Pennsylvania State University used their computer model to predict what would happen if emissions were reduced sharply over the next few decades, in line with international climate goals.

positive: University of Massachusetts Amherst The University of Massachusetts Amherst ( abbreviated UMass Amherst and colloquially referred to as UMass or Massachusetts ) is a public research and land-grant university in Amherst , Massachusetts , United States , and the flagship of the University of Massachusetts system . With approximately 1,300 faculty members and more than 29,000 students , UMass Amherst is the largest public university in New England and is ranked as tied for the 27th best public university in the nation .   The university offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and doctoral degrees in 111 undergraduate , 75 master 's and 47 doctoral programs in nine schools and colleges . The main campus is situated north of downtown Amherst . In a 2009 article for MSN.com , Amherst was ranked first in Best College Towns in the United States . In 2012 , U.S. News and World Report ranked Amherst among the Top 10 Great College Towns in America . It is also a member of the Five College Consortium .   The University of Massachusetts Amherst is categorized as a Research University with Highest research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . In fiscal year 2014 , UMass Amherst had research expenditures exceeding $ 200 million .   UMass Amherst sports teams are called the Minutemen and Minutewomen , the colors being maroon , black , and white ; the school mascot is Sam the Minuteman . All teams participate in NCAA Division I . The university is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference , while playing ice hockey in Hockey East and football as an FBS Independent .

positive: Emissions trading Emissions trading or cap and trade is a government-mandated , market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants . In contrast to command-and-control environmental regulations such as best available technology ( BAT ) standards and government subsidies , cap and trade ( CAT ) schemes are a type of flexible environmental regulation that allows organizations to decide how best to meet policy targets . Various countries , states and groups of companies have adopted such trading systems , notably for mitigating climate change .   A central authority ( usually a governmental body ) allocates or sells a limited number of permits to discharge specific quantities of a specific pollutant per time period . Polluters are required to hold permits in amount equal to their emissions . Polluters that want to increase their emissions must buy permits from others willing to sell them . Financial derivatives of permits can also be traded on secondary markets .   In theory , polluters who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so , achieving the emission reduction at the lowest cost to society . Cap and trade is meant to provide the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth .   There are active trading programs in several air pollutants . For greenhouse gases , which cause climate change , permit units are often called carbon credits . The largest greenhouse gases trading program is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme , which trades primarily in European Union Allowances ( EUAs ) ; the Californian scheme trades in California Carbon Allowances , the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units . The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides .

positive: Global warming Global warming , also referred to as climate change , is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth 's climate system and its related effects . Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming . Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented in the instrumental temperature record which extends back to the mid 19th century , and in paleoclimate proxy records over thousands of years .   In 2013 , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Fifth Assessment Report concluded that `` It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century . '' The largest human influence has been emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide , methane and nitrous oxide . Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.6 to for the highest emissions scenario . These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing .   Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe . Anticipated effects include warming global temperature , rising sea levels , changing precipitation , and expansion of deserts in the subtropics . Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic , with the continuing retreat of glaciers , permafrost and sea ice . Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves , droughts , heavy rainfall with floods and heavy snowfall ; ocean acidification ; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes . Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to rising sea levels . Because the climate system has a large `` inertia '' and greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for a long time , many of these effects will not only exist for decades or centuries , but will persist for tens of thousands of years .   Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction , adaptation to its effects , building systems resilient to its effects , and possible future climate engineering . Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) ,  whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change . Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below 2.0 C-change relative to pre-industrial levels , with efforts made to limit warming to 1.5 C-change .   Public reactions to global warming and concern about its effects are also increasing . A global 2015 Pew Research Center report showed a median of 54 % consider it `` a very serious problem '' . There are significant regional differences , with Americans and Chinese ( whose economies are responsible for the greatest annual CO2 emissions ) among the least concerned .

negative: IPCC First Assessment Report The First Assessment Report ( FAR ) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) was completed in 1990 . It served as the basis of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) .   The report was issued in three main sections , corresponding to the three Working Groups of scientists that the IPCC had established .   Working Group I : Scientific Assessment of Climate Change , edited by J.T. Houghton , G.J. Jenkins and J.J. Ephraums  Working Group II : Impacts Assessment of Climate Change , edited by W.J. McG . Tegart , G.W. Sheldon and D.C. Griffiths  Working Group III : The IPCC Response Strategies   Each section included a summary for policymakers . This format was followed in subsequent Assessment Reports .   The executive summary of the policymakers ' summary of the WG I report includes :   We are certain of the following : there is a natural greenhouse effect ... ; emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases : CO2 , methane , CFCs and nitrous oxide . These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect , resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth 's surface . The main greenhouse gas , water vapour , will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it .  We calculate with confidence that : ... CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect ; long-lived gases would require immediate reductions in emissions from human activities of over 60 % to stabilise their concentrations at today 's levels ...  Based on current models , we predict : under -LSB- BAU -RSB- increase of global mean temperature during the -LSB- 21st -RSB- century of about 0.3 oC per decade ( with an uncertainty range of 0.2 to 0.5 oC per decade ) ; this is greater than that seen over the past 10,000 years ; under other ... scenarios which assume progressively increasing levels of controls , rates of increase in global mean temperature of about 0.2 oC -LSB- to -RSB- about 0.1 oC per decade .  There are many uncertainties in our predictions particularly with regard to the timing , magnitude and regional patterns of climate change , due to our incomplete understanding of : sources and sinks of GHGs ; clouds ; oceans ; polar ice sheets .  Our judgement is that : global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 oC over the last 100 years ... ; The size of this warming is broadly consistent with predictions of climate models , but it is also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability . Thus the observed increase could be largely due to this natural variability ; alternatively this variability and other human factors could have offset a still larger human-induced greenhouse warming . The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect is not likely for a decade or more .  under the IPCC business as usual emissions scenario , an average rate of global mean sea level rise of about 6 cm per decade over the next century ( with an uncertainty range of 3 -- 10 cm per decade ) , mainly due to thermal expansion of the oceans and the melting of some land ice . The predicted rise is about 20 cm ... by 2030 , and 65 cm by the end of the next century .

negative: 1946 Massachusetts State Aggies football team The 1946 Massachusetts State Aggies football team represented Massachusetts State College in the 1946 college football season . The team was coached by Walter Hargesheimer and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst , Massachusetts . The 1946 season was the team 's last as an Independent , as they would form the Yankee Conference with the other New England land-grant universities in 1947 . It was also their last as the Mass State Aggies , as they would begin play in 1947 as the University of Massachusetts Redmen . Mass State finished the season with a record of 6 -- 2 .

negative: Air pollution in Germany Air pollution in Germany has significantly decreased over the past decade . Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are released into the Earth 's atmosphere . These pollutants are released through human activity and natural sources . Germany took interest in reducing its greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions by switching to renewable energy sources . Renewable energy use rose from 6.3 % in 2000 to 34 % in 2016 . Through the transition to renewable energy sources , Germany has become the climate change policy leader and renewable energy leader in the European Union ( EU ) and in the world with ambitious climate change programs . The current goal of the German government was approved on 14 November 2016 in the German Climate Action Plan 2050 , which outlines measures by which Germany can meet its greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 . By 2050 , Germany wants to reduce their GHGs by 80 to 95 % and by 2030 they want to reduce it by 55 % , compared to the EU target of 40 % .   In order to achieve these goals , a variety of strategies and policies are used rather than legislation . The four strategies the German government bases air pollution control on are laying down environmental quality standards , emission reduction requirements according to the best available technology , production regulations , and laying down emission ceilings . Through these strategies , policy instruments have been put in place that have contributed to the success of the significant air pollution reduction in Germany . These instruments include the Federal Emission Control Act and Implementing Ordinances , Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control ( TA Luft ) , Amendment to Ordinance on Small Firing Installations , Implementation of the directive on industrial emissions , and Transboundary air pollution control policy . The German Feed-in-Tariff policy introduced in 2000 led to the significant increase in renewable energy use and decreasing air pollution . They have been introduced in Germany to increase the use of renewables , such as wind power , biomass , hydropower , geothermal power , and photovoltaics , thereby reducing GHG emissions causing air pollution and combating climate change .   The German government has been an agenda setter in international climate policy negotiations since the late 1980s . However , national and global climate policies have become a top priority since the conservative-social democratic government came into power in 2005 , pushing both European and international climate negotiations . Positive path dependency in Germany 's climate and energy policies has occurred over the past 20 years . There are three main triggers that put Germany on this positive path dependency and what led them to becoming a climate change policy leader . The first being the widespread damages to health , due to smog , and to nature , due to acid rain , caused by air pollution . The second being the shock of the two oil price crises , in 1973 and 1979 , that highlighted the problem of the German economy 's strong dependence on unsure foreign sources . The third being the growing opposition to the country 's growing reliance on nuclear energy . Air pollution began to be seen as a problem in Germany due to these three triggers , causing Germany to put policies into place to control air pollution . This has now developed from controlling air pollution to being a leader in climate change politics .   __ TOC __

negative: Louis W. Ross Louis Ross redirects here . For those of similar name , see Lewis Ross ( disambiguation )   Louis Warren Ross ( July 18 , 1893 -- September 8 , 1966 ) was an American architect from Boston , Massachusetts , perhaps best known for his work at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , where he designed over thirty of the campus buildings there .   Ross was born in Arlington , Massachusetts on July 18 , 1893 , the third of the five children of Louis Hall Ross and Mable Louisa Rawson . He was the grandson of agriculturalist Warren Winn Rawson and Helen Maria Mair . Graduating from Arlington High School in June 1913 , he entered the Massachusetts Agricultural College ( presently the University of Massachusetts Amherst ) as a pomology major in the fall of that same year . During his time at the college he was notably active in college sports , having played on the football , baseball , and hockey teams , serving as captain of the latter . He was also a member of the campus `` mandolin club '' and the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity .   Ross graduated in 1917 , entering the army soon after . He would serve as an infantry lieutenant in the 166th Regiment of the 42nd Infantry Division , better known as the `` Rainbow Division '' , in France during the First World War . By the end of the war he had been awarded a Purple Heart with an oak leaf cluster .   After the war , Ross entered the Harvard Graduate School of Architecture in 1921 , graduating four years later in 1925 . He would spend the next ten years working as a draftsman for prominent Boston architect , Edward T. P. Graham before starting his own firm in 1935 . One of his first independent projects , Thatcher House , was designed for his alma mater as the first dorm of the Northeast Residential Complex and the oldest dormitory still in use on campus today . His first design was seen as such a success by the university ( by known this time known as Massachusetts State College ) that he was given a gold medal at the 1938 commencement for his design and oversight of the building 's construction . This would be the first of over 20 dormitories that he would design for the university , among other buildings .   Although not as widely known as his campus work , Ross would also design a variety of buildings in the towns of Amherst , Northampton , Winchester , Needham and Newton .   Ross moved to Newton in the early 1920s where he met Dorothy M. Pickett ; the couple were wed on October 8 , 1928 . They had two children , a son , Warren R. Ross , and a daughter , Sally L. Pestalozzi . In the last 10 years of his life Ross spent his summers in Rockport , and continued his work up until the age of 72 , only a year prior to his death . After what was described as `` a brief illness '' , Louis Warren Ross died on Thursday , September 8 , 1966 . Although his namesake is confined to the Builder 's Association plaques of the many university buildings , never before , or since , has the Amherst campus been shaped so thoroughly by any single individual as Ross had done in his 30 years of service to the institution . It may be said that entire sections of the campus , encompass his legacy .

negative: Robert M. Kingdon Robert M. Kingdon ( December 29 , 1927 -- December 3 , 2010 ) was an American historian of the Protestant Reformation .   `` Bob '' Kingdon was born in Chicago and spent many of his early years in Hawaii . He completed his undergraduate education at Oberlin College before moving on to Columbia University where he earned a doctorate under the noted Tudor historian Garrett Mattingly .   He taught at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the University of Iowa before settling at the University of Wisconsin in 1965 , where he would remain until his retirement .   Along with his path breaking works on the Reformation in Geneva and the spread of the Reformed tradition in France , Kingdon had an enormous influence on early modern studies through his efforts to found the Sixteenth Century Society and Conference and the Sixteenth Century Journal . During his tenure at Wisconsin , he ushered through a large cohort of graduate students in early modern studies , many of whom have become leading figures in the field .

negative: Commonwealth College Commonwealth College can refer to several institutions .  Association of Commonwealth Universities in the Commonwealth of Nations  In the United States :  Commonwealth College ( Arkansas )  Columbia Pacific University , formerly known as Columbia Commonwealth University , in California  Commonwealth Honors College at the University of Massachusetts Amherst  Commonwealth System of Higher Education in Pennsylvania  Commonwealth Campus of the Pennsylvania State University  Commonwealth Medical College in Pennsylvania  Virginia Commonwealth University

negative: Campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst The campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst is located nearly entirely in Amherst , Massachusetts , United States , with a portion located in Hadley . Founded on 310 acres in rural Western Massachusetts , the campus has grown to nearly 1,450 acres .

negative: Climate change in Idaho Like other parts of the world , climate in Idaho has changed dramatically over the geologic history of the Earth . Paleo-climatic records give some indication of these changes . The longest instrumented records of climate in Idaho extend back to the late 1800s . Concern over human induced climate change through the emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and methane from agriculture and industry , are driving research efforts across the state at university , state , and federals levels to understand what the implications of climate change could be in Idaho .   In the big picture of greenhouse gas emissions , Idaho emits the least carbon dioxide per person of the United States , less than 23,000 pounds a year . It relies mostly on nonpolluting hydroelectric power from its rivers .   Like other parts of the world , Idaho has seen significant temperature increases , especially in the last several decades . From 1971-2005 the average annual observed temperature in the Snake River Plain , located in southern Idaho , has increased by 1.4 degrees Celsius based on data from 10 climate stations ( Dubois , Ashton , Oakely , Pocatello , Aberdeen , Hazelton , Jerome , Boise , Nampa , and Payette ) . Statistically the increasing temperature trends are most significant in the months of January , March , and April . While precipitation has generally increased , since the early 1900s . The high variability in precipitation makes the identification of precipitation trends statistically difficult .   Over the next century , climate in Idaho will experience additional changes due both to ` natural ' climate variability and due to feedbacks related to the interaction between climate variability and increasing greenhouse gases . For example , based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and results from the United Kingdom Hadley Centre 's climate model ( HadCM2 ) , a model that accounts for both greenhouse gases and aerosols , by 2100 temperatures in Idaho could increase by 5 F-change ( with a range of 2 F-change to 9 F-change ) in winter and summer and 4 F-change ( with a range of 2 F-change to 7 F-change ) in spring and fall . Precipitation is estimated to change little in summer , to increase by 10 % in spring and fall ( with a range of 5-20 % ) , and to increase by 20 % in winter ( with a range of 10-40 % ) . Other climate models may show different results , especially regarding estimated changes in precipitation . The impacts described in the sections that follow take into account estimates from different models . The amount of precipitation on extreme wet or snowy days in winter is likely to increase . The frequency of extreme hot days in summer would increase because of the general warming trend . It is not clear how the severity of storms might be affected , although an increase in the frequency and intensity of winter storms is possible .

negative: University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Nursing The University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Nursing is a nursing college at the University of Massachusetts Amherst .

negative: List of Chancellors of the University of Massachusetts Amherst Chancellors of the University of Massachusetts Amherst are individuals who serve in the top position of the university . The office , originally known as `` President , '' was changed to `` Chancellor '' in 1970 following Lederle 's resignation and the opening of UMass Boston five years earlier . The title `` President of the University of Massachusetts '' now refers to the president of the entire five-campus University of Massachusetts system . The current Chancellor of the Amherst campus is Kumble R. Subbaswamy . The Chancellor resides in Hillside , the campus residence for chancellors .

negative: Quinsigamond Community College Quinsigamond Community College ( colloq : QCC , Quinsig ) is a public , two-year academic institution in Worcester , Massachusetts , United States . A commuter school , the college has an enrollment of over 8,000 students in its Associate 's degree and certification programs . A number of students are enrolled in transfer programs with the intent of continuing on to a four-year college or university , often the University of Massachusetts Amherst or Worcester State University through guaranteed-acceptance programs .

negative: Amherst station (Massachusetts) Amherst is a closed intercity rail station in Amherst , Massachusetts formerly served by the Amtrak Vermonter . It is located at 13 Railroad Street off Main Street , and served the downtown area along with Amherst College and the University of Massachusetts Amherst . The station was closed on December 28 , 2014 , after which the Vermonter was rerouted to the faster Conn River Line several miles to the west .

negative: University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Humanities and Fine Arts The University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Humanities and Fine Arts is a school at the University of Massachusetts Amherst .

negative: List of University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni The University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni number is around 243,628 worldwide .

negative: William M. Cashin House The William M. Cashin House , also known as Cashin Hall , is a dormitory in Amherst , Massachusetts named for William M. Cashin , original Trustee member for the UMass Building Authority from 1949-1969 . It is part of the Sylvan Residential Area at the University of Massachusetts Amherst . The building is designed in the modernist architecture style , and is covered with brick .   In 1980 , the building was home to the first signs of the impending campus water shortage . The first signs of trouble came the next morning when a resident of Cashin on the northern end of campus called the school 's maintenance to report low water levels . A plumber was dispatched and after checking that the filters were n't clogged , determined it was a supply problem .

negative: UMass Softball Complex The UMass Softball Complex softball field located on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst , Massachusetts . It has served as the home of the University of Massachusetts Minutewoman softball team since the spring of 2000 . The field officially opened on April 1 , 2000 , when UMass posted a 5-2 victory over Princeton . Among the facilities available at the UMass Softball Complex are two batting cages , a bullpen that can accommodate three pitchers , heated dugouts , lockers in the UMass dugout and dugout restrooms . The surface also features a state-of-the-art drainage system which can accommodate six inches of rain per hour .   Each year the complex typically hosts the NCAA National Softball Tournament Amherst Regional .

negative: Robert Bagg Robert Bagg ( born 1935 , New Jersey ) is an American poet and translator . He has published several volumes of poetry and has authored critical studies of Sappho and Catallus .   In addition to his other literary work , Bagg taught English at the University of Massachusetts Amherst ( 1965 -- 1996 ) , serving as Department Chair ( 1986 -- 92 ) .

negative: Julie Choffel Julie Choffel was born and raised in Austin , studied geography at Texas State , and graduated from the MFA Program for Poets and Writers at the University of Massachusetts -- Amherst . She teaches creative writing at the University of Connecticut and lives in Connecticut with her husband and their daughter .

negative: Richard M. Freeland Richard Middleton Freeland ( born May 13 , 1941 in Orange , New Jersey ) was President of Northeastern University from 1996 to 2006 and served as the Commissioner of Higher Education for Massachusetts from 2008 until 2015 .   Freedland grew up in Mountain Lakes , New Jersey and was granted a bachelor 's degree in American Studies from Amherst College and a doctorate in American Civilization from the University of Pennsylvania .   Freeland is married to Elsa Nunez , and has two children .   During Freeland 's tenure , Northeastern University went through major institutional changes , including becoming a more selective institution , moving to semesters from quarters , and the opening of over $ 400 million worth of new facilities .

negative: New Africa House The New Africa House , formerly known as Mills House , is an academic building and former dormitory of the University of Massachusetts Amherst built in the Georgian revival style with art deco accents . It is part of the Central Residential Area at the University of Massachusetts Amherst . It was designed by Louis Ross , who designed many of the dormitories on campus as well as the Student Union . It was named after former modern languages and literary professor George Franklin Mills , who also served as a dean of the Massachusetts Agricultural College ; the building 's name was changed however following a black student takeover of the dorm in the spring of 1970 . After negotiations with university officials , an agreement was made that the dorm would be renamed `` New Africa '' and the newly formed African-American studies department would relocate its offices there . It still serves as the classroom and office space of that department to this day , and also features the Augusta Savage Art Gallery and the university 's Everywoman 's Center .

negative: UMass Minutemen baseball For information on all University of Massachusetts Amherst sports , see UMass Minutemen   The UMass Minutemen baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst , Massachusetts , United States . The team is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. Massachusetts ' first baseball team was fielded in 1877 . The team plays its home games at Earl Lorden Field in Amherst , Massachusetts . The Minutemen are coached by Matt Reynolds .

negative: Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction Climate : Long range Investigation , Mapping , and Prediction , known as CLIMAP , was a major research project of the 1970s and 80s to produce a map of climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum . The project was funded by the National Science Foundation as part of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration ( 1970s ) and is based in large part of the collection and analysis of a very large number of sediment cores to create a snapshot of conditions across the oceans . The CLIMAP project also resulted in maps of vegetative zones across the continents and the estimated extent of glaciation at the time . Most CLIMAP results aim to describe the Earth as it was 18 thousand years ago , but there was also an analysis to look at conditions during the previous interglacial -- 120 thousand years ago ( CLIMAP 1981 ) .   CLIMAP has been a cornerstone of paleoclimate research and remains the most used sea surface temperature reconstruction of the global ocean during the last glacial maximum ( Yin and Battisti 2001 ) , but it has also been persistently controversial . CLIMAP resulted in estimates of global cooling of only 3.0 ± 0.6 ° C relative to the modern day ( Hoffert and Covey 1992 ) . The climate change during an ice age that occurs far from the continental ice sheets themselves is believed to be primarily controlled by changes in greenhouse gases , hence the conditions during the last glacial maximum provide a natural experiment for measuring the impact of changes in greenhouse gases on climate . The cited estimates of 3.0 ° C implies a climate sensitivity to carbon dioxide changes at the low end of the range proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change .   However , CLIMAP also suggested that some of the tropics and in particular much of the Pacific Ocean were warmer than they are today . To date , no climate model has been able to reproduce the proposed warming in the Pacific ( Yin and Battisti 2001 ) , with most preferring a several degree cooling . Also , it appears that climate models which are forced to match the CLIMAP sea surface measurements are too warm to match estimates for changes at continental locations ( Pinot et al. 1999 ) . This suggests that either climate model design is missing some important unknown factor , or CLIMAP systematically overestimated the temperatures in the tropical oceans during the last glacial , though there is at present no consistent explanation for why or how this should have happened . Unfortunately cost and difficulty of collecting sediment cores from the open Pacific has limited the availability of samples that might help to confirm or disprove these observations . If the Pacific reconstruction is assumed to be in error , it would result in a larger climate sensitivity to changes in greenhouse gases .

negative: University of Massachusetts Amherst Student Government Association The University of Massachusetts Amherst Student Government Association is a student-run government set up to provide a voice for students when dealing with administration of the University of Massachusetts Amherst ( UMass Amherst ) . The SGA has three branches , executive , legislative and judicial , and also a constitution . UMass ' SGA , along with the four other campuses in the University of Massachusetts System student governments sends one members to a meeting to the Board of Trustees .

negative: Robert Carothers Robert L. Carothers ( born September 3 , 1942 ) served as the tenth president of the University of Rhode Island from 1991 to 2009 .   He received his B.A. degree from Edinboro University in Pennsylvania in 1965 . He joined Delta Sigma Phi Fraternity and was elected the President of the Fraternity twice . Carothers earned a Ph.D. degree at Kent State University in 1969 . He also obtained a J.D. degree from the McDowell School of Law , University of Akron in 1980 .   Carothers retired in May 2009 . David M. Dooley , former Provost at the Montana State University , took over as the University 's 11th President .

negative: Robert Mallary Robert W. Mallary ( 2 December 1917 - 10 February 1997 ) was an American artist . He was a prominent American sculptor in the 1950s and 1960s , creating Neo-Dada or junk art from found materials . He was also an early exponent of the use of plastics and computers in art . He became less well known in later life , and was a teacher of art at the University of Massachusetts for nearly 30 years .   Mallary was born in Toledo , Ohio , and grew up in Berkeley , California . He was interested in art from his youth , and went to Mexico City to study at the Escuela de Las Artes Del Libro ( now the Escuela Nacional de Artes Gráficas ) in 1938-39 and then at the Academy of San Carlos in 1942-43 , where he was inspired by José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros . He also studied at the Painters Workshop School in Boston , Massachusetts in 1941 . He started to work with plastics in the 1930s , and exhibited paintings made from liquid polyester at the Urban Gallery in New York City in 1954 .   He worked in advertising in California in 1945-48 , He taught art at the California School of Art in Los Angeles in 1949-50 , at the Hollywood Art Center from 1950 to 1954 , and then at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque from 1955 to 1959 . He moved to New York City in 1959 to teach at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn . He was a teacher at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst , Massachusetts from 1967 until his retirement in 1996 .   He arranged found objects - discarded cardboard or fabrics - which he covered with polyester resin to create abstract relief sculptures and assemblages . He also produced words using sand and straw hardened with polyester resin . He was selected for a $ 1,000 preliminary award in the US national section of the Guggenheim International Award in 1960 , and a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1964 . Examples of his works were included in the `` Sculpture U.S.A. '' and `` Sixteen Americans '' exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 1959 , and then at its `` Art of Assemblage '' exhibition in 1961 . He did not have a gallery show in New York City for nearly 30 years , from 1966 to 1993 .   A retrospective show was held at the State University of New York in Potsdam , New York , in 1968 . He exhibited sculptures designed using computers at the `` Cybernetic Serendipity '' exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London in 1968 , assembling stacked layers of shapes cut out of plywood designed using a bespoke computer graphics program , TRAN2 .   He suffered from liver problems in later life , attributable to the toxicity of liquid polyester . He lived at Conway , Massachusetts , and died of leukaemia at Cooley-Dickinson Hospital in Northampton , Massachusetts . He was survived by his wife Margot , three children , and two siblings .

negative: Vic Fusia Victor M. Fusia ( November 21 , 1916 -- January 18 , 1991 ) was an American football player and coach . He served as the head coach at the University of Massachusetts Amherst from 1961 to 1970 . He compiled an 59 -- 32 -- 2 overall record and won five Yankee Conference championships .   Born in Wilkinsburg , Pennsylvania , Fusia was a 1938 graduate of Manhattan College and a Navy veteran of World War II . He coached five years in the Pennsylvania high school system in the 1950s and was an assistant coach at Brown and the Pittsburgh before becoming the head coach at Massachusetts .

negative: The Daily Collegian (disambiguation) The Daily Collegian could refer to :  The Daily Collegian , the paper at Penn State University  The Massachusetts Daily Collegian , the student paper at the University of Massachusetts Amherst

negative: Rick Alley Rick Alley is an American poet . He is the author of the book , Talking Book of July ( Eastern Washington Press , 1997 ) He is also the author of August Machine , a chapbook of lyrical poems . . He grew up in Virginia Beach , Virginia and studied at both the Old Dominion University and at the MFA Program for Poets & Writers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst , Massachusetts . He has held editorial positions with Associated Writing Programs and Marquee . He lives in Norfolk , Virginia , where he teaches creative writing . His poetry has also appeared in the book `` The Next Generation , American Poets Under 40 '' ( Carnegie Mellon Press ) .