query: bicycle sport races

positive: 100 years for a million trees race The 100 years for a million trees race was a single day road cycling race held in Mali in 2007 between the cities of Fatoma and Mopti over a distance of 60 kilometres. The race was held symbolising the start of the 100 years for a million trees project supported by professional cycling team Saunier Duval-Prodir, after the 100-year existence of the main sponsor Saunier Duval.

positive: 1903 Tour de France The 1903 Tour de France was the first cycling race set up and sponsored by the newspaper L'Auto, ancestor of the current daily, L'Équipe. It ran from 1 to 19 July in six stages over 2,428 km (1,509 mi), and was won by Maurice Garin.The race was invented to boost the circulation of L'Auto, after its circulation started to plummet from competition with the long-standing Le Vélo.

positive: 1905 Tour de France The 1905 Tour de France was the third Tour de France, held from 9 to 30 July 1905, organized by the newspaper L'Auto. Following the disqualifications after the 1904 Tour de France, there were changes in the rules, the most important one being the general classification not made by time but by points.

positive: 2008 Tour de Vineyards The 2008 Tour de Vineyards was a cycling tour centered on the New Zealand city of Nelson, and was held between 2 and 5 January 2008. The men's race was eventually won by New Zealander Jeremy Yates, while fellow New Zealander Serena Sheridan took out the woman's title.Full results of the race can be found on the cyclingnews.com website, here.

positive: 2009 Paris–Tours The 2009 Paris–Tours is the 103rd edition of this single day road bicycle racing event and is organized by the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), which also runs the Tour de France. The 230 km event took place on October 11, 2009 and was won by Philippe Gilbert, the Belgian rider for Silence–Lotto in 5 hours, 12 minutes, 23 seconds.

positive: 2014 Diamond Tour The 2014 Diamand Tour was a women's bicycle race in Nijlen, Belgium. It was held on 15une over a distance of 125 kilometres (77.7 miles). It was rated by the UCI as a 1.2 category race.

positive: 3-Länder-Tour The 3-Länder-Tour der Sparkassen Versicherung was a multi-stage road bicycle race held around three Länder of Germany: Hessen, Thuringia and Baden-Württemberg. Since 2005 it is  part of the UCI Europe Tour, being organised as 2.1 race.The race was previously known as Hessen-Rundfahrt, taking place in the Bundesland of Hessen, but in 2006 it expanded its territory to take place in the states of Thuringia and Baden-Württemberg.

positive: 94.7 Cycle Challenge The Momentum 94.7 cycle challenge is the world's second-largest timed cycle race, after the Cape Argus Cycle Race. It is held annually on cycle challenge Sunday, the third Sunday of November in the city of Johannesburg. Between 20,000 and 30,000 participants complete the challenging 94.7 km (58.8 mi) course every year. The event's main sponsors are 94.7 Highveld Stereo and Momentum.The 94.7 Mountain Bike Challenge is held the weekend before the road race.

positive: Amaury Sport Organisation The Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) is part of the French media group, EPA (Éditions Philippe Amaury). It organises sporting events including the Tour de France, Vuelta a España and Paris–Nice professional cycle road races, and the Dakar Rally. In 2008 it began the Central Europe Rally, a rally raid endurance race in Romania and Hungary.The Tour de France was instituted by the newspaper L'Auto in 1903.

positive: American Bicycle Association The American Bicycle Association (ABA) is a United States-based Bicycle Motocross (BMX) sports governing body in Gilbert, Arizona created by Merl Mennenga and Gene Roden in 1977. It is the largest sanctioning body in the United States concerning BMX. It has tracks in Canada and Mexico as well as in the USA.

positive: Amstel Curaçao Race The Amstel Curaçao Race is a road bicycle race held on Curaçao, an island off the Venezuelan coast. The race is generally about 80 kilometres long and is held at the end of the cycling season. Since it is not as competitive as many other races (it is not included in the UCI World Tour), the Amstel Curaçao Race is considered to be an 'after-party' to the cycling season.

positive: Anne-Caroline Chausson Anne-Caroline Chausson (born 8 October 1977 in Dijon) is a French professional cyclist who competes in bicycle enduro, bicycle motocross (BMX), downhill time trial and cross-country mass start, dual, and four-cross mountain bicycle racing. She is best known for having won thirteen Union Cycliste Internationale senior mountain bike world championship rainbow jerseys, fourteen European mountain bike championships, and five consecutive Mountain Bike World Cup downhill series (1998-2002).

positive: Auensteiner-Radsporttage Auensteiner-Radsporttage is a women's staged cycle race which takes place in Germany and is currently rated by the UCI as 2.2.

positive: Australia World Cup The Australia World Cup was a women's professional road bicycle racing event held annually in Australia from 1998 to 2008 as part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. The location of the race varied: in 1998, it was held in Sydney; from 1999 to 2001, it was held in Canberra; in 2002 it was held in the Snowy Mountains and; from 2003 to 2008 it was held in Geelong, Victoria.

positive: BMX BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general on- or off-road recreation. BMX began when young cyclists appropriated motocross tracks for fun, racing and stunts, eventually evolving  specialized BMX bikes and competitions.

positive: BMX racing BMX racing is a type of off-road bicycle racing. The format of BMX was derived from motocross racing. BMX bicycle races are sprint races on purpose-built off-road single-lap race tracks. The track usually consists of a starting gate for up to eight racers, a groomed, serpentine, dirt race course made of various jumps and rollers and a finish line. The course is usually flat, about 15 feet (4.6 m) wide and has large banked corners that help the riders maintain speed.

positive: Bobby Encinas Bobby Encinas (born 1961 in Canoga Park, California) is a former professional "Old School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1973 to 1980. He was one of the first superstars in BMX and one of its most savvy promoters. Raised in the barrio of Canoga Park, he had a juvenile criminal record for theft and was on probation for consuming alcohol and drugs before he was 12 years old. He credits BMX for saving him from a life of crime.

positive: Bordeaux–Paris The Bordeaux–Paris professional cycle race was one of Europe's Classic cycle races, and one of the longest in the professional calendar, covering approximately 560 km (350 mi) - more than twice most single-day races. It started in northern Bordeaux in southwest France at 2am and finished in the capital Paris 14 hours later. It was held again in 2014.

positive: Brazilian Cycling Confederation The Brazilian Cycling Confederation or CBC (in Portuguese: Confederação Brasileira de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Brazil.The CBC is a member of the UCI and COPACI.

positive: British Cycling British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation) is the national governing body for cycle racing in Great Britain. It administers most competitive cycling in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It represents Britain at the world body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and selects national teams, including the Great Britain (GB) Cycling Team for races in Britain and abroad.

positive: Cadel Evans Cadel Lee Evans AM (/kəˈdɛl/; born 14 February 1977) is a former Australian professional racing cyclist and winner of the 2011 Tour de France. Early in his career, Evans was a champion mountain biker, winning the World Cup in 1998 and 1999 and placing seventh in the men's cross-country mountain bike race at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Cadel Evans is a four time Olympian.Evans turned to full-time road cycling in 2001, and gradually progressed through the ranks.

positive: Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race The Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race is an annual professional one-day road bicycle racing for both men and women starting and finishing in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, and routed along the picturesque Great Ocean Road. The first race was held in 2015, as the farewell race for Cadel Evans - Australia's only Tour de France winner or Road World Champion.

positive: Cape Town Cycle Tour The Cape Town Cycle Tour is an annual cycle race hosted in Cape Town, South Africa, usually 109 km (68 mi) long. It is the first event outside Europe to be included in the International Cycling Union's Golden Bike Series.South Africa hosts some of the largest, by number of entrants, sporting events in the world with three being the largest of their type. The Cape Town Cycle Tour, with as many as 35 000 cyclists taking part, is the world's largest individually timed cycle race.

positive: Chinese Cycling Association The Chinese Cycling Association (in Traditional Chinese: 中国自行车运动协会) is the national governing body of cycle racing in China..It is a member of the UCI and the Asian Cycling Confederation.

positive: Classic cycle races The classic cycle races are one-day professional cycling road races in the international calendar. Most of the events, all run in western Europe, have been fixtures on the professional calendar for decades and the oldest ones date back to the 19th century. They are normally held at roughly the same time each year. The five most revered races are often described as the 'Monuments'.For the 2005 to 2007 seasons, the Classics formed part of the UCI ProTour run by the Union Cycliste Internationale.

positive: Classica Citta di Padova Classica Citta di Padova was a women's one-day cycle race which took place in Italy and was ranked by the UCI as 1.1 in 2013 and 1.2 in 2012 having been Nationally ranked in previous seasons.

positive: Coors Classic The Coors International Bicycle Classic (1980–1988) was a stage race sponsored by the Coors Brewing Company.  Coors was the race's second sponsor; the first, Celestial Seasonings, named the race after its premium tea Red Zinger, which began in 1975.  Over the years, the event became America's national tour, listed as the fourth largest race in the world after the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, and Vuelta a España.

positive: Cootamundra Annual Classic The Cootamundra Annual Classic, also known as the Coota Classic or Coota Annual is a bicycle handicap race starting and finishing in the New South Wales town of Cootamundra.  First run in 1955, the race is traditionally held on the last weekend in August.  Today it's one of the oldest open road races in New South Wales.

positive: Cuban Cycling Federation The Cuban Cycling Federation or FCC (in Spanish: Federación Cubana de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Cuba.The FCC is a member of the UCI and COPACI.

positive: Cycle sport Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles. There are several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, time trialling, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX,  and cycle speedway. Non-racing cycling sports include artistic cycling, cycle polo, freestyle BMX and mountain bike trials.

positive: Cycling South Africa Cycling South Africa or CyclingSA is the national governing body of cycle racing in South Africa.CyclingSA is a member of the Confederation Africaine de Cyclisme.

positive: Cycling Time Trials Cycling Time Trials is the bicycle racing organisation which supervises individual and team time trials in England and Wales. It was formed out of predecessor body the Road Time Trials Council in 2002.

positive: Cycling in New Zealand Cycling in New Zealand, while relatively popular as a sport, bicycle use is a very marginal commuting mode, with the share hovering around 1-3% in most major cities. This is due to a number of factors, principally safety fears.

positive: Cycling in San Francisco Cycling in San Francisco has grown in popularity in recent years, aided by improving cycling infrastructure and community support. San Francisco's compact urban form and mild climate enable cyclists to reach work, shopping, and recreational destinations quickly and comfortably. Though San Francisco's famed steep hills can make cycling difficult, many parts of the city are relatively flat, including some of the most densely populated.

positive: Cycling team A cycling team is a group of cyclists who join a team or are acquired and train together to compete in bicycle races whether amateur or professional - and the supporting personnel. Cycling teams are most important in road bicycle racing, which is a team sport, but collaboration between team members is also important in track cycling and cyclo-cross.

positive: Cyclo-cross Cyclo-cross (sometimes cyclocross, CX, CCX, cyclo-X or  'cross) is a form of bicycle racing. Races typically take place in the autumn and winter (the international or "World Cup" season is October–February), and consist of many laps of a short (2.5–3.5  km or 1.5–2  mile) course featuring pavement, wooded trails, grass, steep hills and obstacles requiring the rider to quickly dismount, carry the bike while navigating the obstruction and remount.

positive: Cyprus Cycling Federation The Cyprus Cycling Federation (CCF) (Greek: Κυπριακή Ομοσπονδία Ποδηλασίας, Κ.Ο.ΠΟ) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Cyprus.The CCF is a member of the UCI and the UEC.

positive: Dave Lloyd (cyclist) Dave Lloyd (born 12 October 1949), is an English former professional cyclist. Lloyd began racing in 1969 and came seventh in the Milk Race and rode in the 1972 Munich Olympics. In 1973 he turned professional with Raleigh, and over the next three years he won the national 5000m pursuit championship twice and set a national 50-mile road record. In 1976 a heart condition forced a three-year break from cycling. On recovery he restarted as an amateur and over six years won  125 of 133 races.

positive: Dominican Republic Cycling Federation The Dominican Republic Cycling Federation (in Spanish: Federación Dominicana de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in the Dominican Republic.It is a member of the UCI and COPACI.It covers the disciplines of road racing, track cycling, cyclo-cross, BMX, mountain biking and cycle speedway.

positive: Donny Robinson Donald Robinson (b. June 17, 1983, in Napa, California, U.S.) is an American professional "New/Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years are from 1999 to the present. His moniker is "dR", his initials. The use of the lowercase "d" for his given name is perhaps related to his relatively diminutive physical size. A past nickname, "Scrawny", was definitely linked to his small stature, since even when very young he was the smallest child in his age group.

positive: El Tour de Tucson El Tour de Tucson is one of the largest road bicycling events in the United States. The El Tour de Tucson was started in 1983 by cyclist Richard DeBernardis, current president of the Perimeter Bicycling Association of America. The ride takes place every November in Tucson, Arizona. The first El Tour attracted nearly 185 riders while in recent years between 7,000 and 10,000 cyclists will attend.

positive: Escalada a Montjuïc The Escalada a Montjuïc (English: Scaling of Montjuïc, Spanish: Escalada a Montjuic) was a one-day, two-stage road bicycle racing race held in Barcelona, Spain since 1965. It washeld in the middle of October, as one of the final races in the European season. Since 2005, it wasorganised as a 1.2 category race as a part of the UCI Europe Tour.

positive: Franck Bouyer Franck Bouyer (born March 17, 1974 in Beaupréau) is a French former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 1995 and 2013. Bouyer competed for the Castorama, Agrigel, Française des Jeux, Bouygues Télécom and Team Europcar squads during his career.

positive: Freddy Maertens Freddy Maertens (born 13 February 1952 in Nieuwpoort) is a Belgian former professional racing cyclist who was twice world road race champion. His career coincided with the best years of another Belgian rider, Eddy Merckx, and supporters and reporters were split over which was the better. Maertens' career swung between winning more than 50 races in a season to winning almost none and then back again. His life has been marked by debt and alcoholism.

positive: Furnace Creek 508 Furnace Creek 508 is an ultramarathon bicycle race that takes place annually each October since 1989 in Southern California. Its route starts in Santa Clarita, California (25 miles north of Los Angeles), goes northeast to Towne Pass and drops into Death Valley, traverses Death Valley in the southern direction, crosses Mojave Desert and ends at Twentynine Palms, California.

positive: GP Ciudad de Valladolid GP Ciudad de Valladolid is a women's professional road bicycle racing event held annually in Valladolid, Spain.  It was first run in 2010 and serves as a race of the UCI Women's Road World Cup.The 2012 race was cancelled for financial reasons.

positive: Giro d'Italia The Giro d'Italia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒiːro diˈtaːlja]; English: Tour of Italy) is an annual stage race bicycle race primarily held in Italy, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. The race was first organized in 1909 to increase sales of the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport; however it is currently run by RCS Sport. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1909, except when it was stopped for the two world wars.

positive: Giro del Piemonte The Giro del Piemonte, since 2009 known also as Gran Piemonte, is a semi classic European bicycle race held in the Apennine Mountains, Italy. The race first took place in 1906. Since 2005, the race has been organised as a 1.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. It is usually held a few days before the more important race Giro di Lombardia.In 2007, the race was not ridden because of sponsorship problems, but in 2008 it was back again.The 2013 edition was again cancelled due to financial problems.

positive: Giro di Puglia The Giro di Puglia (English: Tour of Apulia)  was a road bicycle racing stage race. It consisted of three or four stages. It was first held in 1972, but last took place in 1998.

positive: Giro di Sardegna Giro di Sardegna (Tour of Sardinia) was a stage road bicycle race held on the island of Sardinia, an Italian region. It was rated 2.1 on the UCI Europe Tour. The race returned in 2009 after 11 years, but only lasted a further three editions before being cancelled due to budgetary problems in 2012.

positive: Golan (cycling race) Golan was an elite series of women's professional one-day road bicycle races held in Syria. The event consisted of three one-day races (Golan I, Golan II and Golan III) and each of the events were rated by the UCI as a 1.2 races.

positive: Gracia-Orlová Gracia-Orlova is a women's staged cycle race which takes place in the Czech Republic and Poland, created in 1987. Since 2004, it starts in Dětmarovice, in the Moravian–Silesian Region, in the east of the Czech Republic. A mountain stage is competed in Kuźnia Raciborska, in the Silesian Voivodeship, in the south of Poland. The finish to the final stage is located in Orlová, in the Moravian–Silesian Region.

positive: Grand Prix Eddy Merckx Grand Prix Eddy Merckx was a cycle race around Brussels, where Eddy Merckx was born. It was held between 1980 and 2004, disappearing after the creation of the UCI ProTour in 2005. The race was initially an individual time trial, becoming a Team time trial of two riders in 1998.

positive: Grand Prix Elsy Jacobs The Festival Luxembourgeois du cyclisme féminin Elsy Jacobs formerly known as the Grand Prix Elsy Jacobs is an international women's road bicycle race held in Garnich, Luxembourg. Since 2008 this event is on the UCI women's elite cycle racing calendar.

positive: Grand Prix of Maykop The Grand Prix of Maykop is an elite women's professional one-day road bicycle race held in Maykop, Russia, and is currently rated by the UCI as a 1.2 race.

positive: Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale The Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale, formerly known as the Tour Cycliste Féminin, was one of the Grand Tours of women's cycle races. Grande Boucle means "big loop" and describes the individual stages which form a circuit around France.

positive: Harry Leary Harry Clarence Leary Jr. (born February 22, 1959 in Lynwood, California U.S. Later raised in West Covina, California) was a "Old School" professional bicycle motocross (BMX) racer.Nicknamed "Scary Harry Leary", and later "Turbo", the former for his aggressive racing style, the latter was a moniker coined by Bicycle Motocross Action magazine when he "Turboed" himself into finishing National No.

positive: History of cycling in Syracuse, New York Cycling in Syracuse, New York, has been common on the roads and paths for recreation, commuting, and as a sport since the latter part of the 19th century.During the 1890s bicycling was a new mode of transportation and a popular sport, however, overall bicycle usage declined with the advent of the automobile in the early 20th century. By mid-century, the bicycle was considered a child's toy.

positive: Hoosier Nationals Also see: Sports in Evansville.The Hoosier Nationals is a BMX National Series race that is a part of the National Bicycle League racing schedule. The Hoosier Nationals take place on the BMX course at Burdette Park in Evansville, Indiana. The National Series races are the highest level or racing in the USA for BMX

positive: Hoosier Nationals ABA Also see: American Bicycle Association.The Hoosier Nationals is a BMX National Series race that is a part of the American Bicycle Association racing schedule. The Hoosier Nationals take place on the BMX course at Steel Wheels BMX in Portage, Indiana. The National Series races are the highest level or racing in the USA for BMX

positive: Indonesian Cycling Federation The Indonesian Cycling Federation or ISSI (in Indonesian: Ikatan Sepeda Sport Indonesia) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Indonesia.The ISSI is a member of the UCI and the OCC.

positive: James Moore (cyclist) James Moore (14 January 1849 – 17 July 1935) was an English bicycle racer. He is popularly regarded as the winner of the first official cycle race in the world in 1868 at St-Cloud, Paris, although this claim seems to be erroneous. In 1869 he won the world's first road race Paris–Rouen sponsored by Le Vélocipède Illustré and the Olivier brothers' Michaux Bicycle Company. Moore covered the 113 km (70 mi) in 10 hours and 25 minutes.

positive: Japan Cycling Federation The Japan Cycling Federation (in Japanese: 日本自転車競技連盟), abbreviated to JCF is the national governing body of cycle racing in Japan. It was established in 1995 to cover both amateur and professional cycle racing.It is a member of the UCI and the Asian Cycling Confederation.

positive: Joey Bradford Joseph Bradford (born October 10, 1989 in Monterey, California USA) is an American professional "New/Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years are from 1999 to the present. His nickname is simply "Joey".

positive: Kermesse (cycling) A kermesse, also spelled kermess, and kermis in Flemish is a style of road bicycle race that is common in Western Europe.  Typically kermesse races are found in Belgium, especially in the northern Flanders region, where they are the most popular style of amateur bicycle race.  They also exist in the Netherlands.

positive: LOTOJA The LoToJa Bicycle Classic is a 206-mile (332 km), one-day amateur bicycle road race from Logan, UT to Jackson Hole, WY, USA. It is usually held in September the first Saturday after Labor Day, and attracts national and International participants. LoToJa is one of the longest one-day road cycling races in the U.S, and is the longest one-day race sanctioned by USA Cycling, the sport's governing body based in Colorado Springs, CO.

positive: La Course by Le Tour de France La Course by Le Tour de France is an elite women's professional one-day road bicycle race held in Paris, France, and is currently rated by the UCI as a 1.1 race. The race is organised by the ASO.The inaugural edition of the race was run before the 21st stage of the 2014 Tour de France on 27 July. The race consisted of 13 laps on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, making a distance of 89 kilometres.

positive: Laurent Fignon Laurent Patrick Fignon (French pronunciation: [loʁɑ̃ fiɲɔ̃]; 12 August 1960 – 31 August 2010) was a French professional road bicycle racer.He won the Tour de France in 1983 and in 1984. He won the Giro d'Italia in 1989, and nearly captured the Tour for a third time that same year before being edged by Greg LeMond by 8 seconds in the final stage time trial, the closest margin ever to decide the Tour. Fignon won many classic races, including taking Milan–San Remo back to back in 1988 and 1989.

positive: List of men's road bicycle races This is a list of important men's road bicycle racing events. The list only includes road races, and no track, mountain or cyclo-cross races.

positive: List of women's road bicycle races This is a list of women's women's road cycling races. The list only includes the most important women's road races, and no track, mountain or cyclo-cross races.

positive: Main Divide Cycle Race The Main Divide Cycle Race is a single day road cycling race run by Pegasus Cycling Incorporated held annually in late summer in New Zealand, starting from Darfield on the Canterbury Plains and running for 109 km to "The Main Divide" (908m) just north of Arthurs Pass Village. Along the way there is a King/Queen of the Mountains competition at the summit of Porters Pass (942m). Total vertical ascent for the race is 1,660m.

positive: Maratona dles Dolomites The Maratona dles Dolomites (Dolomites Marathon), is an annual single-day road bicycle race covering seven spectacular mountain passes in the Dolomites. Open to amateur cyclists, the Maratona—with 9,000 riders from over 40 nations—is one of the biggest Italian Granfondo bicycle races. National Geographic described it as "one of the biggest, most passionate, and most chaotic bike races on Earth."

positive: Milad de Noor Tour Milad de Noor Tour is a men's stage race cycle race which is scheduled to take place in Iran and was rated by the UCI as 2.2 and forms part of the UCI Asia Tour.

positive: Milan–San Remo Milan–San Remo, otherwise called "The Spring classic" or "La Classicissima", is an annual cycling race between Milan and Sanremo, in Northwest Italy. With a distance of 298 km (~185.2 miles) it is the longest  professional one-day race in modern cycling. It is the first major classic race of the season, usually held on the third Sunday of March. The first edition was held in 1907.Today it is one of the five Monuments of cycling.

positive: Moldova President's Cup Moldova President's Cup is an international road bicycle racing tournament in Chişinău (Moldova), it was created in 2003.

positive: Monegasque Cycling Federation The Monegasque Cycling Federation or FMC (in French: Fédération Monégasque de Cyclisme) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Monaco.The FMC is a member of the UCI and the UEC.

positive: Mount Washington Auto Road Bicycle Hillclimb Mount Washington Auto Road Bicycle Hillclimb is an annual American racing event designed to raise money for Albany, New Hampshire's Tin Mountain Conservation Center, which promotes appreciation of the environment.

positive: Mountain bike racing Mountain bike racing (shortened MTB or ATB racing) is a competitive cycle sport held on off-road terrain. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) recognised the discipline relatively late in 1990, when it sanctioned the world championships in Purgatory, Colorado. The first mountain biking world cup series took place in 1991. Its nine-race circuit covered two continents—Europe and North America—and was sponsored by Grundig.

positive: Mountain biking Mountain biking is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories: cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as "Enduro"), downhill, freeride and dirt jumping.

positive: National Bicycle Association The National Bicycle Association (NBA), later known as the National Bicycle Motocross Association (NbmxA), was a United States-based Bicycle Motocross (BMX) sports sanctioning body originally based in Soledad, California that was created by Ernie Alexander in 1973 and ceased operations as an independent body in 1981. It was the first and for its first few years until 1980 the largest sanctioning body in the United States concerning BMX.

positive: National Pedal Sport Association The National Pedal Sport Association (NPSA) was a South Eastern USA regional Bicycle Motocross (BMX) sanctioning body originally based in Palm Harbor, Florida. It then soon after moved to Dunedin, Florida, for most of its existence. Then in its last years Pinellas Park, Florida, was its headquarters.

positive: Nelson Chanady Nelson Chanady (born November 19, 1963 in Miami, Florida U.S.) is a former American "Old School" professional Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1981–1987

positive: Nevada City Classic The Nevada City Classic (previously: Tour of Nevada City; Father's Day Bicycle Classic), one of the most historic and challenging professional cycling races in the US, is held in Nevada City, California. Established in 1960, the Nevada City Classic commonly occurs on Father's Day and brings in thousands of visitors to Nevada County. While the first race brought out approximately 1,500 spectators, the numbers have swelled to 15,000 spectators in recent years.

positive: North Star Bicycle Festival The North Star Bicycle Festival, is a ten-day series of cycling events that take place at sites around central Minnesota and now Wisconsin. The festival has gone by multiple names since its creation in 1999 as Tour de Wings. It was known as the Great River Energy Bicycle Festival for 2000–2008, the Minnesota Bicycle Festival in 2009, and the Nature Valley Bicycle Festival for 2010–2013.The festival takes place in mid-June.

positive: North Star Grand Prix The North Star Grand Prix is a men's and women's road bicycle racing stage race held each June in Minnesota, United States, as part of the North Star Bicycle Festival. An event was added in Menomonie, Wisconsin in 2010. The race ranks 2.1 on the USA Cycling National Racing Calendar of pro/élite stage races from 2.1 (highest) to 2.8 (lowest).The 2010 Grand Prix had six stages: three criteriums, two road races and a time trial.

positive: Omloop van Borsele Omloop van Borsele is an elite women's professional road bicycle race held annually since 2002 in Borsele, Netherlands.  Since 2012, the event also contains a time trial. The time trial is together with the GP Leende part of the Dutch national time trial competition.

positive: Paris–Brest–Paris Paris–Brest–Paris (PBP) is a long-distance cycling event. It was originally a 1200km bicycle race from Paris to Brest and back to Paris. It is one of the oldest bicycling events still regularly run (the oldest being the Catford CC Hill Climb). The last time it was run as a race was 1951. This year's edition of PBP ran from 16th August to 20th August 2015.

positive: Paris–Roubaix Paris–Roubaix is a one-day professional bicycle road race in northern France, starting north of Paris and finishing on the Belgian frontier. From its beginning in 1896 until 1967 it started in Paris and ended in Roubaix; since 1968 the start has been in Compiègne (about 85 kilometres (53 mi) north-east from Paris centre). The finish is still in Roubaix.

positive: People's Choice Classic The People's Choice Classic, nicknamed the Down Under Classic, is a criterium around Rymill Park in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. The race precedes the Tour Down Under.

positive: Peruvian Cycling Federation The Peruvian Cycling Federation (in Spanish: Federación Deportiva Peruana de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Peru.It is a member of the UCI and COPACI.

positive: Portuguese Cycling Federation The Portuguese Cycling Federation or UVP-FPC (in Portuguese: [União Velocipédica Portuguesa]  Federação Portuguesa de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Portugal.The UVP-FPC is a member of the Union Cycliste Internationale and the Union Européenne de Cyclisme.

positive: Presidency Tour Presidency Tour is a men's one-day cycle race which is schedules to take place in Iran and was rated by the UCI as 2.2 and forms part of the UCI Asia Tour.

positive: Primavera Rosa The Primavera Rosa was an elite women's professional one-day road bicycle race held between 1999 and 2005 in Liguria, Italy as part of the UCI Women's Road Cycling World Cup. The race was a female version of Milan–San Remo being organised on the same day and finishing in Sanremo shortly before the men but racing over a shorter distance, hence the start was in Varazze. The 2006 edition was initially planned but cancelled before the event.

positive: Prova Ciclística 9 de Julho The Prova Ciclística 9 de Julho (Portuguese for July 9 Cycling Race) is a single day road bicycle racing event held in Brazil. It was created in 1933 by journalist Cásper Líbero. He worked at the Gazeta Esportiva sports newspaper and created the race to honor the Constitutionalist Revolution that occurred in the state of São Paulo in that date of the previous year. The race currently exists as both a men's and women's competition. The men's competition is part of the UCI America Tour.

positive: Race Across America The Race Across America, or RAAM, is an ultramarathon bicycle race across the United States that started in 1982 as the Great American Bike Race. RAAM is one of the longest annual endurance events in the world. All entrants must prove their abilities by competing in any of several qualifying events, completing a course within a specified time period. In length the RAAM is comparable to the Tour de France, but the races differ to a great extent.

positive: Racing bicycle A racing bicycle, also known as a road bike, is a bicycle designed for competitive road cycling, a sport governed by according to the rules of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The UCI rules were altered in 1934 to exclude recumbent bicycles.The most important characteristics about a racing bicycle are its weight and stiffness which determine the efficiency at which the power from a rider's pedal strokes can be transferred to the drive-train and subsequently to its wheels.

positive: Red Zinger Bicycle Classic The Red Zinger Bicycle Classic (1975–1979) was a road bicycle racing stage race.

positive: Red Zinger Mini Classics Red Zinger Mini Classics (RZMC) is a series of youth boys and girls road bicycle races held annually across the state of Colorado from 1981–1992, and revived again in 2010.  The RZMC races served as an opportunity for young cyclists to get involved in the sport, and attracted hundreds of young boys and girls age 10-15 to each racing event.

positive: Redlands Bicycle Classic The Redlands Bicycle Classic is a cycling stage race located in Redlands, California, United States that has been held since 1985. It consists of two road races, an Individual Time Trial and a Criterium. It is a 4-day/4-stage race that covers approximately 350 miles. The annual event is sponsored by the city of Redlands.

positive: Road bicycle racing Road bicycle racing is a bicycle racing sport held on paved roads. The term "road racing" is usually applied to events where competing riders start simultaneously (unless riding a handicap event) with the winner being the first to the line at the end of the course (individual and team time trials are another form of cycle racing on roads).

positive: Rock Racing Rock Racing (UCI Code: RR) was a cycling team founded in 2007 by Michael Ball. The team is affiliated with Ball's Rock & Republic clothing line. Rock Racing received media attention for hiring outcasts in the sport, including those tainted by performance enhancing drug scandals.

positive: Rund um Berlin The Rund um Berlin was a classic cycling race which was based around the German city of Berlin. It was the oldest cycling race in Germany until it disappeared in 2000. Although it was one of the oldest races in the world, its importance was merely restricted to Germany. It was usually only contested by Germans and only three times the winner was not German.

positive: Shay Elliott Memorial Race The Shay Elliott Memorial race is a one day race held in Spring in Ireland. It is run in honour of former Irish professional cyclist Seamus Shay Elliott. The race was previously known as the Route de Chill Mhantain. It became the Shay Elliott Trophy in the late sixties, then the Shay Elliott Memorial after his death in 1971. The race is the most prestigious Irish one-day event after the national championships.

positive: Shropshire Star Newport Nocturne The Shropshire Star Newport Nocturne is Britain's first flood lit road bicycle race and is biennial held in Newport, Shropshire. The race was first run in 1970 at a distance of 109 miles (175 km). The race was first run as a night race under flood lights in 1989 and returned in 1990 and 1991 in this format. The economic recession of the early 1990s forced the event to be cancelled in 1992.

positive: Sochi Cup Sochi Cup is a men's one-day cycle race which takes place in Sochi, Russia and was rated by the UCI as 1.2 and forms part of the UCI Europe Tour.

positive: Swedish Cycling Federation The Swedish Cycling Federation  or SCF (in Swedish: Svenska Cykelförbundet) was established in 1900, and is the national governing body of cycle racing in Sweden.The SCF is a member of the UCI and the UEC.

positive: Tour Down Under The Tour Down Under is a cycling race in and around Adelaide, South Australia. The race attracts riders from all over the world. In 2005, the Tour Down Under was promoted by the Union Cycliste Internationale to the highest ranking outside Europe. In 2007 Premier Mike Rann and tourism minister Jane Lomax Smith launched a campaign for the Tour Down Under to become the first race outside of Europe to secure ProTour status from the UCI.  ProTour status would guarantee all the world's top teams.

positive: Tour Languedoc Roussillon Tour Languedoc Roussillon was a women's staged cycle race which took place in France and was rated by the UCI as 2.2.

positive: Tour de Berne Tour de Berne is an elite professional road bicycle racing event held in Berne, Switzerland with races for men and women.

positive: Tour de Mumbai The Tour de Mumbai (also known as Mumbai Cyclothon) is an annual professional road bicycle racing classic one-day race held in Maharashtra, India, named after Mumbai. It is classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 1.1 category race as part of the UCI Asia Tour.

positive: Tour de Snowy The Tour de Snowy was an international women's road bicycle race held in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia from 1998 to 2002. The Tour had from five to nine stages and attracted professional women cyclists from around the world as an important event in the women's road racing calendar.Originally sponsored by the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority and the NSW Department of Sport & Recreation, the Tour De Snowy was discontinued in 2003 due to lack of sponsorship.

positive: Tour de Vineyards The Tour de Vineyards is a road cycling race held in and around Richmond, New Zealand. The race exists of both a men's and a women's competition over four stages.

positive: Tour de l'Abitibi The Tour de l'Abitibi is a junior bicycle stage race taking place in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada. The race was first held in 1969 and did not, at the time, include non-Canadian teams. It has since become an international competition part of the Junior Nation's Cup (Coupe des Nations Junior) and is currently the only junior-level race in North America sponsored by the Union Cycliste Internationale.

positive: Tour du Grand Montréal The Tour du Grand Montréal was an annual women's road bicycle racing stage-race in Canada, between 2002 and 2009. It was rated by the UCI as a 2.1 category race.

positive: Tour of Adygeya Tour of Adygeya is a women's staged cycle race which takes place in Russia and is currently rated by the UCI as 2.2.

positive: Tour of Chongming Island The Tour of Chongming Island, officially the Tour of Chongming Island International Cycling Race is an annual elite women's road bicycle racing stage race held in Shanghai, China, named after Chongming Island. The Tour consists of two races: a stage race and a one-day race. Between 2007 and 2009, the one-day race was a time trial; in 2010, the time trial was replaced by a one-day race, referred to as the Tour of Chongming Island World Cup, that is part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup.

positive: Tour of Galicia The Tour of Galicia (Spanish: Vuelta a Galicia; Galician: Volta a Galicia) is an annual cycling race held in Galicia, Spain. It was first held in 1933 and was held a further five times between 1934 and 1984. The tour did not take place from the outbreak of the Spanish civil war in 1936, until the end of the second world war in 1945.In 1986, it became a regular annual race. The most successful rider was Xoán Vázquez Del Pozo, who won the race four times between 2011 and 2014.

positive: Tour of Marmara The Tour of Marmara (Turkish: Uluslararası Marmara Bisiklet Turu) is an international road cycling race organized by the Turkish Cycling Federation at towns in eastern Marmara Region of Turkey. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour having a rating of 2.2.It was first held in 2010 between October 28–31, at which 70 racers of ten international teams competed in four categories.

positive: Tour of Oman The Tour of Oman is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Oman since 2010 as part of the UCI Asia Tour. The race is classified as a 2.HC (as of 2012). The race is organized by the Amaury Sport Organisation, and was held for the first time between 14 and 19 February 2010. The race is a men's competition consisting of six stages.

positive: Tour of Qatar The Tour of Qatar is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Qatar. Since its foundation in 2002, the tour has been part of the UCI Asia Tour. The tour consists of a men's competition over six stages, and a women's competition over four stages – previously three stages, between 2009 and 2012 – held a week before the men's race. Because Qatar is entirely flat, the tour is almost always won by a sprint or classics specialist.

positive: Tour of Somerville The Tour of Somerville is an annual series of bicycle races held in Somerset County, New Jersey. The races are held over Memorial Day weekend with the premiere race held on Monday.  The series of races are called "tours" due to a New Jersey state law forbidding racing on highways for prizes. In 1940, Fred "Pop" Kugler, a local Bicycle shop owner and professional bike racer, decided to start a bicycle race in his home town of Somerville.

positive: Tour of South China Sea The Tour of South China Sea is an annual professional road bicycle racing classic one-day race held in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau since 1996 as part of the UCI Asia Tour. It has been held during Christmas holiday every year since 1996 to celebrate the handover of Hong Kong and Macau to China. The race was won four times by Wong Kam-po. The race is currently rated by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 1.2 category race.

positive: Tour of Çanakkale The Tour of Çanakkale (Turkish: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Bisiklet Turu) is a professional road bicycle racing stage race held annually in and around the Çanakkale Province in Turkey. It was first organized in 2015 and is rated as a 2.2 event. The inaugural edition was won by Ahmet Akdilek.

positive: Track cycling Track Cycling is a bicycle racing sport usually held on specially built banked tracks or velodromes (but many events are held at older velodromes where the track banking is relatively shallow) using track bicycles.

positive: Transrockies The TransRockies is an annual 7-day, 400 km mountain bicycle race from Fernie, British Columbia to Canmore, Alberta. Described in its early days as the "toughest mountain bike race on earth", the TransRockies had a reputation for tough climbs, long days, relentless mud and highly changeable weather.

positive: Trofeo Pantalica The Trofeo Pantalica was a professional road bicycle race held annually in Province of Syracuse, Italy. The last edition took place in 2003.

positive: UCI ProTour The UCI ProTour was a series of road bicycle races in Europe, Australia and Canada organised by the UCI (International Cycling Union). Created by Hein Verbruggen, former president of the UCI, it comprises a number of 'ProTour' cycling teams, each of whom are required to compete in every round of the series.

positive: USA Cycling USA Cycling or USAC, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is a national governing body for bicycle racing in the United States. It covers the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, BMX, and collegiate racing. In 2009, USAC had a membership organization of nearly 66,800 membersUSA Cycling is associated with the UCI, which governs international cycling and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC).

positive: USA Pro Cycling Challenge The USA Pro Cycling Challenge is an annual multi-day professional road bicycle racing stage race that first took place in Colorado in 2011. Originally announced on August 4, 2010 by Colorado Governor Bill Ritter and Lance Armstrong as the Quiznos Pro Challenge, the event carries on the state's cycling legacy, which was most notably highlighted by the Coors Classic that ran from 1980 to 1988. On February 4, 2011 Richard E.

positive: Union Cycliste Internationale The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI; pronounced: [y.njɔ̃ si.klist ɛ̃.tɛʁ.na.sjɔ.nal],  French for "International Cycling Union") is the world governing body for sports cycling and oversees international competitive cycling events. The UCI is based in Aigle, Switzerland.The UCI issues racing licenses to riders and enforces disciplinary rules, such as in matters of doping.

positive: Velothon Berlin Velothon Berlin (officially Garmin Velothon Berlin, formerly ProRace Berlin) is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in May in Berlin, Germany. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour as a 1.1 race. It is part of the UCI Velothon Majors series of races organised by Lagardère Unlimited, which also includes Velothon Wales, Velothon Stockholm and Velothon Vienna. These events are characterised by mass-participation sportives before an elite race along a lengthened route.

positive: Welsh Cycling Welsh Cycling (Welsh: Beicio Cymru. Formerly the Welsh Cycling Union) is "the internationally recognised" governing body of cycling in Wales. It has over 140 cycling clubs in Wales. It administers all six cycling disciplines—BMX; cyclo-cross; mountain biking (downhill and cross-country); road racing; time trials; and track racing.

positive: World Ports Classic The World Ports Classic is a European two day cycle race held between the port cities of Rotterdam and Antwerp, organized by ASO as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.The riders start in Rotterdam and finish the first day in Antwerp before riding in the opposite direction on the second and final day. A leader's jersey is awarded to the winner of the first stage to be defended on the second stage.

negative: Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles and their components, due to the forces acting on them. Dynamics is a branch of classical mechanics, which in turn is a branch of physics. Bike motions of interest include balancing, steering, braking, accelerating, suspension activation, and vibration.

negative: Bicycle frame A  bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and consists of two triangles, a main triangle and a paired rear triangle. This is known as the diamond frame. Frames are required to be strong, stiff and light, which they do by combining different materials and shapes.

negative: Bicycle suspension Bicycle suspension is the system, or systems, used to suspend the rider and bicycle in order to insulate them from the roughness of the terrain.

negative: Croatian Cycling Federation The Croatian Cycling Federation or HBS (Croatian: Hrvatski biciklistički savez) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Croatia.The HBS is a member of the UCI and the UEC.

negative: Cycling Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport. Persons engaged in cycling are referred to as "cyclists", "bikers", or less commonly, as "bicyclists". Apart from two-wheeled bicycles, "cycling" also includes the riding of unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, and similar human-powered vehicles (HPVs).Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number approximately one billion worldwide.

negative: Cycling Federation of India The Cycling Federation of India (Hindi: भारतीय साइकिलिंग महासंघ) is the national governing body of cycle racing in India.It is a member of the UCI and the Asian Cycling Confederation.

negative: Cycling in Melbourne Cycling in Melbourne, Victoria is common for recreation, commuting and sport. The city has an extensive network of off-road bicycle paths, as well as designated bicycle lanes on many streets. There is an active cycling culture enhanced by a relatively flat topography, and a generally mild climate.Cycling in Melbourne was a very popular form of transport at the turn of the 19th century, however mass car-ownership saw a dramatic decline in cycling during the 20th century.

negative: Cycling in New York City Cycling in New York City is associated with mixed cycling conditions that include dense urban proximities, relatively flat terrain, congested roadways with "stop-and-go" traffic, and streets with heavy pedestrian activity.

negative: Drafting (aerodynamics) Drafting or slipstreaming is a technique where two vehicles or other moving objects are caused to align in a close group reducing the overall effect of drag due to exploiting the lead object's slipstream. Especially when high speeds are involved, as in motor racing and cycling, drafting can significantly reduce the paceline's average energy expenditure required to maintain a certain speed and can also slightly reduce the energy expenditure of the lead vehicle or object.

negative: Ecuadorian Cycling Federation The Ecuadorian Cycling Federation or FEC (in Spanish: Federación Ecuatoriana de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Ecuador.The FEC is a member of the UCI and COPACI.

negative: Electric bicycle laws Many countries have enacted electric bicycle laws to regulate the use of electric bicycles. Countries such as the United States and Canada have federal regulations governing the safety requirements and standards of manufacture. Other countries like the signatories of the European Union have agreed to wider-ranging legislation covering use and safety of their term EPAC (electric pedal-assisted cycles).However, confusion remains regarding the various laws involving electric bicycles.

negative: Federación Mexicana de Ciclismo The Mexican Cycling Federation (in Spanish: Federación Mexicana de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Mexico.It covers the disciplines of road racing, track cycling, cyclo-cross, BMX, mountain biking and cycle speedway.It is a member of the UCI and Confederacion Panamericana de Ciclismo.

negative: Gibraltar Cycling Association The Gibraltar Cycling Association is the governing body for bicycle racing in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.The national governing body for the territory is British Cycling in the United Kingdom.

negative: Greg LeMond Gregory James "Greg" LeMond (born June 26, 1961) is an American former professional road racing cyclist. He is also an entrepreneur and anti-doping advocate. LeMond won the World Championship twice and the Tour de France three times. He was born in Lakewood, California, and raised in ranch country on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, near Reno.

negative: Guam Cycling Federation The Guam Cycling Federation or GCF is the national governing body of cycle racing in Guam.The GCF is a member of the UCI and the OCC.

negative: Honduran National Cycling Federation The Honduran National Cycling Federation (in Spanish: Federación Nacional de Ciclismo de Honduras) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Honduras.It is a member of the UCI and COPACI.

negative: Jan Ullrich Jan Ullrich (German pronunciation: [ˈjan ˈʊlrɪç]); born 2 December 1973) is a German former professional road bicycle racer. Ullrich won a gold and a silver in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He won the 1999 Vuelta a España and the HEW Cyclassics in front of a home crowd in Hamburg in 1997. He had podium finishes in the hilly classic Clásica de San Sebastián. His victorious ride in the 1997 Tour de France led to a bicycle boom in Germany.

negative: List of cycling topics The following is a list of cycling topics.

negative: Lithuanian Cycling Federation The Lithuanian Cycling Federation or LDSF (in Lithuanian: Lietuvos Dviračių Sporto Federacija) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Lithuania.The LDSF is a member of the UCI and the UEC.

negative: Lucas Brunelle Lucas Brunelle is an influential American videographer of bicycle stunts. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

negative: Moldavian Cycling Federation The Moldavian Cycling Federation (Romanian: Federaţia de Ciclism a Republicii Moldova), abbreviated to FCM, is the national governing body of cycle racing in Moldova.The FCMis a member of the UCI and the UEC.

negative: Oregon Bicycle Racing Association The Oregon Bicycle Racing Association is a bicycle racing organization based in the U.S. state of Oregon.

negative: Pakistan Cycling Federation The Pakistan Cycling Federation PCF is the national governing body of cycle racing in Pakistan. Pakistan Cycling Federation was established in 1947 and is based in Peshawar. PCF's main Road bicycle racing event is the Tour de Pakistan.

negative: Panasonic Sport Deluxe The Panasonic Sport Deluxe is a road sport bicycle by National (later, Panasonic), which was exported to the United States from 1971 to 1989.  Originally built in Osaka, Japan, later bikes may be either of Japanese or Taiwanese origin. The Panasonic Sport Deluxe utilized Suntour and Shimano group parts such as derailleurs, shifters, and crankset.

negative: Profronde van Almelo Profronde van Almelo (English: Prof tour of Almelo) is an elite men's and women's professional road bicycle racing event held annually in Almelo, Netherlands. The first edition was in 1983 and since 2008 the event also includes a women's race. In 1987 and 1988 the race was a stage within the Ronde van Nederland, a UCI category 2.1 event.

negative: Qatar Cycling Federation The Qatar Cycling Federation (in Arabic: الاتحاد القطري للدراجات الهوائية) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Qatar.It is a member of the UCI and the Asian Cycling Confederation.

negative: Race stage In sports, a stage, or leg, or heat, is a unit of a race which has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial.

negative: Road cycling Road cycling is the most widespread form of cycling. It includes recreational, racing, and utility cycling. Road cyclists are generally expected to obey the same rules and laws as other vehicle drivers or riders and may also be vehicular cyclists.Road cycling is an activity most commonly performed on a bicycle.

negative: Road running Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road (as opposed to track and field and cross country running).These events are usually classified as long-distance according to athletics terminology, with races typically ranging from 5 kilometers to 42.2 kilometers in the marathon. They may involve large numbers of runners or wheelchair entrants. The three most common IAAF recognized distances for "road running" events are 10K runs, half marathons and marathons.

negative: Roman Kreuziger Roman Kreuziger (Czech pronunciation: [ˈroman ˈkrojtsɪɡr̩]; born 6 May 1986) is a Czech professional road bicycle racer for UCI ProTour team Tinkoff-Saxo. Kreuziger is an all-rounder, with climbing and time trial abilities, becoming a contender for the General classification of stage races. He is also considered one of the biggest talents of the sport after winning the 2004 Junior Road World Championships and the 2008 Tour de Suisse at the age of 22.

negative: Single-speed bicycle A single-speed bicycle is a type of bicycle with a single gear ratio.

negative: Strade Bianche - Eroica Pro Strade Bianche - Eroica Pro, formerly known as Eroica (2007–08), Strade Bianche - Eroica Toscana (2009) and Strade Bianche (2010–14) is a road bicycle race held annually near Siena, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.The name Strade Bianche (Italian for White Streets) comes from the historic white gravel roads that make up part of its route.

negative: Top Gear Races In Top Gear, a BBC motoring show, one of the show's regular features since 2002 is various forms of racing the presenters undertake, either against each other or against invited guests. The show has featured a number of epic races, where one of the presenters — Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, James May, and occasionally The Stig — drives a car in a race against the others in another form of transport.

negative: Triathlon A triathlon is a multiple-stage competition involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance disciplines. While many variations of the sport exist, triathlon, in its most popular form, involves swimming, cycling, and running in immediate succession over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion time, including timed "transitions" between the individual swim, cycle, and run components.


query: films shot in Venice

positive: A Little Romance A Little Romance is a 1979 American Technicolor and Panavision romantic comedy film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Laurence Olivier, Thelonious Bernard, and Diane Lane in her film debut. The screenplay was written by Allan Burns and George Roy Hill, based on the novel E=mc2 Mon Amour by Patrick Cauvin. The original music score was composed by Georges Delerue.

positive: A Matter of Time (film) A Matter of Time is a 1976 American-Italian musical fantasy film starring Liza Minnelli and Ingrid Bergman, directed by Vincente Minnelli. The screenplay by John Gay is based on the novel The Film of Memory by Maurice Druon. The fictional story is based loosely on the real life exploits of the infamous Italian eccentric, the Marchesa Casati, whom Druon knew during her declining years in London while he was stationed there during World War II.

positive: A Place for Lovers A Place for Lovers (French: Le Temps des amants, Italian: Amanti) is a 1968 French-Italian romantic drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica and based on the play Gli Amanti by Brunello Rondi and Renaldo Cabieri. The film stars Faye Dunaway as a terminally ill American fashion designer in Venice, Italy who has a whirlwind affair with a race car driver (played by Marcello Mastroianni). It was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The film was released on DVD in 2009 by Atlantic Film AB.

positive: Bachna Ae Haseeno Bachna Ae Haseeno (English: Watch Out, Ladies) is an Indian romantic comedy released 15 August 2008. The rom-com stars Ranbir Kapoor, Bipasha Basu, Deepika Padukone  and Minissha Lamba. Its director was Siddharth Anand, whose previous projects include Salaam Namaste (2005) and Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007). It was the eighth highest grossing movie of 2008.

positive: Brideshead Revisited (film) Brideshead Revisited is a 2008 British drama film directed by Julian Jarrold. The screenplay by Jeremy Brock and Andrew Davies is based on the 1945 novel of the same name by Evelyn Waugh, which previously had been adapted in 1981 as an eleven-episode television serial.

positive: Casanova & Co. Casanova & Co. is a 1977 fictional period comedy film starring Tony Curtis. It had many titles during its international release.

positive: Casanova (2005 film) Casanova is a 2005 American romantic film directed by Lasse Hallström starring Heath Ledger and loosely based on the life of Giacomo Casanova.

positive: Casino Royale (2006 film) Casino Royale (2006) is the twenty-first film in the Eon Productions James Bond film series and the first to star Daniel Craig as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Directed by Martin Campbell and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and Paul Haggis, the film marks the third screen adaptation of Ian Fleming's 1953 novel of the same name.  Casino Royale is set at the beginning of Bond's career as Agent 007, just as he is earning his licence to kill.

positive: Chasing Liberty Chasing Liberty is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Andy Cadiff and starring Mandy Moore and Matthew Goode. Written by Derek Guiley and David Schneiderman, the film is about the eighteen-year-old daughter of the President of the United States whose rebellion against the constant presence of Secret Service agents in her life leads to a European adventure and an unexpected romance. Chasing Liberty was filmed on location in Prague, Venice, Berlin, London, and Washington, D.C.

positive: Children of the Century Children of the Century (French: Les Enfants du Siècle) is a 1999 French film based on the true tale of the tumultuous love affair between two French literary icons of the 19th century, novelist George Sand (Juliette Binoche) and poet Alfred de Musset (Benoît Magimel).

positive: Dangerous Beauty Dangerous Beauty is a 1998 American biographical drama film directed by Marshall Herskovitz and starring Catherine McCormack, Rufus Sewell, and Oliver Platt. Based on the non-fiction book The Honest Courtesan by Margaret Rosenthal, the film is about Veronica Franco, a courtesan in sixteenth-century Venice who becomes a hero to her city, but later becomes the target of an inquisition by the Church for witchcraft.

positive: Death in Venice (film) Death in Venice (original Italian title: Morte a Venezia) is a 1971 Italian-French drama film directed by Luchino Visconti and starring Dirk Bogarde and Björn Andrésen. It is based on the novella Death in Venice, first published in 1912 as Der Tod in Venedig by the German author Thomas Mann.

positive: Don't Look Now Don't Look Now is a 1973 independent British-Italian film directed by Nicolas Roeg. It is a thriller adapted from the short story by Daphne du Maurier. Julie Christie and Donald Sutherland star as a married couple who travel to Venice following the recent accidental death of their daughter, after the husband accepts a commission to restore a church.

positive: Everyone Says I Love You Everyone Says I Love You is a 1996 American musical comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, who also stars in the film, alongside Julia Roberts, Alan Alda, Edward Norton, Drew Barrymore, Gaby Hoffmann, Tim Roth, Goldie Hawn, Natasha Lyonne and Natalie Portman.Set in New York City, Venice, and Paris, the film features singing by actors not usually known for their singing. It is among the more critically successful of Allen's later films, although it did not do well commercially.

positive: Fellini's Casanova Fellini's Casanova (Il Casanova di Federico Fellini) is a 1976 Italian film by director Federico Fellini, adapted from the autobiography of Giacomo Casanova, the 18th century adventurer and writer.Shot entirely at the Cinecittà studios in Rome, the film won an Academy Award for Best Costume Design, with the Oscar going to Danilo Donati.The film portrays Casanova's life as a freakish journey into sexual abandonment.

positive: From Russia with Love (film) From Russia with Love is the second James Bond film made by Eon Productions and the second to star Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Released in 1963, the film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, and directed by Terence Young. It is based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. In the film, James Bond is sent to assist in the defection of Soviet consulate clerk Tatiana Romanova in Turkey, where SPECTRE plans to avenge Bond's killing of Dr.

positive: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas. It is the third installment in the Indiana Jones franchise. Harrison Ford reprises the title role and Sean Connery plays Indiana's father, Henry Jones, Sr. Other cast members featured include Alison Doody, Denholm Elliott, Julian Glover, River Phoenix, and John Rhys-Davies.

positive: Inferno (2016 film) Inferno is an upcoming American thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by David Koepp, based on 2013 novel of same name by Dan Brown. The film is set to star Tom Hanks, reprising his role as Robert Langdon from The Da Vinci Code and Angels & Demons, along with Felicity Jones, Omar Sy, Sidse Babett Knudsen, Ben Foster, and Irrfan Khan. Filming began on April 27, 2015 in Venice, Italy, and wrapped on July 21, 2015. The film is scheduled to be released on October 14, 2016.

positive: Just Married Just Married is a 2003 American romantic comedy film directed by Shawn Levy, and was written by Sam Harper, and starring Ashton Kutcher and Brittany Murphy. Produced by Robert Simonds, the film was successful at the box office despite generally negative critical reviews.

positive: Kambakkht Ishq Kambakkht Ishq (Hindi:  कमबख़्त इश्क़; English: Damned Love) is a Bollywood romantic comedy  film directed by Sabbir Khan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala. The film is based on the 2002 Tamil film Pammal K. Sambandam, and features Akshay Kumar and Kareena Kapoor in pivotal roles along with actors Aftab Shivdasani and Amrita Arora in supporting roles. Hollywood actors Sylvester Stallone, Denise Richards, Brandon Routh and Holly Valance appear in cameos, playing themselves.

positive: Marching Out of Time Marching Out of Time is a 1993 comedy film directed by Anton Vassil.

positive: Moonraker (film) Moonraker (1979) is the eleventh spy film in the James Bond series, and the fourth to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The third and final film in the series to be directed by Lewis Gilbert, it co-stars Lois Chiles, Michael Lonsdale, Corinne Cléry, and Richard Kiel. Bond investigates the theft of a space shuttle, leading him to Hugo Drax, the owner of the shuttle's manufacturing firm. Along with space scientist Dr.

positive: Novel Romance Novel Romance is an art-house romantic comedy 2006 film directed by Emily Skopov in her feature film directorial debut. It stars Traci Lords, Paul Johansson and Sherilyn Fenn. The film was shot in 2004 in Venice, Los Angeles, California, USA, and premiered on October 8, 2006, at the 2nd Annual LA Femme Film Festival.

positive: Number Our Days Number Our Days is a 1976 American short documentary film about a community of elderly Jews living in Venice, California. Directed by Lynne Littman, it won an Academy Award in 1977 for Documentary Short Subject.

positive: Only You (1994 film) Only You is a 1994 American romantic comedy film directed by Norman Jewison and starring Marisa Tomei, Robert Downey, Jr., and Bonnie Hunt. Written by Diane Drake and Malia Scotch Marmo (uncredited), the film is about a young woman whose search for the man she believes to be her soulmate leads her to Italy where she meets her destiny. Upon its release the film received mostly mixedreviews, but critics praised Tomei and Downey's performances.

positive: Othello (1952 film) Othello is a 1952 drama film based on the Shakespearean play, made by Mercury Productions Inc. and Les Films Marceau and distributed by United Artists when released in the United States in 1955. It was directed and produced by Orson Welles, who also played the title role. The screenplay was adapted by Welles and an uncredited Jean Sacha. The film was shot on location in Morocco, Venice, Tuscany and Rome and at the Scalera Studios in Rome.

positive: Pokémon Heroes Pokémon Heroes: Latios and Latias, commonly referred to as Pokémon Heroes, originally released in Japan as Pocket Monsters the Movie: The Guardians of Altomare (劇場版ポケットモンスター 水の都の護神 ラティアスとラティオス, Gekijōban Poketto Monsutā Mizu no Miyako no Mamorigami Ratiasu to Ratiosu, lit. "The Guardian Gods of the City of Water: Latias and Latios"), is a 2002 Japanese anime film directed by Kunihiko Yuyama.

positive: Robbery (1967 film) Robbery is a 1967 British crime film directed by Peter Yates and starring Stanley Baker. The story is a heavily fictionalised version of the 1963 Great Train Robbery. The film was produced by Stanley Baker and Michael Deeley, for Baker's company Oakhurst Productions.

positive: Roller Boogie Roller Boogie is a 1979 musical film starring Linda Blair and introducing Jim Bray, a former competitive artistic skater from California. The film also stars Beverly Garland, Mark Goddard, and Kimberly Beck, and is directed by Mark L. Lester.The film is set in the Venice, Los Angeles, California area at the height of the roller skating fad. Two characters, Bobby James (Bray) and Terry Barkley (Blair), fall in love while boogie skating to disco music.

positive: S.O.S. Mulheres ao Mar S.O.S. Mulheres ao Mar is a 2014 Brazilian comedy film directed by Cris D'Amato starring Giovanna Antonelli, Reynaldo Gianecchini, Fabíula Nascimento, Thalita Carauta, Marcelo Airoldi and Emanuelle Araújo.The film follows the story of Adriana, which disappointed with the end of her marriage, decides to win back her ex-husband embarking on the same cruise that he is with his new girlfriend, a soap opera star. The film was shot almost entirely on an ocean liner, but also had scenes shot in Venice.

positive: The Honey Pot The Honey Pot, also known as The Honeypot, is a 1967 crime comedy-drama film written for the screen and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. It stars Rex Harrison, Susan Hayward, Cliff Robertson, Capucine, Edie Adams, and Maggie Smith. The film was based on the play Mr. Fox of Venice by Frederick Knott, the novel The Evil of the Day by Thomas Sterling, and loosely on the 1606 play Volpone by Ben Jonson.

positive: The Italian Job (2003 film) The Italian Job is a 2003 heist film directed by F. Gary Gray, written by Wayne and Donna Powers and produced by Donald DeLine.  The film stars Mark Wahlberg, Charlize Theron, Jason Statham, Edward Norton, Seth Green, Mos Def and Donald Sutherland. It is an American remake of the 1969 British film of the same name, and is about a team of thieves who plan to steal gold from a former associate who double-crossed them.

positive: The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film) The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, also promoted as LXG, is a 2003 superhero film loosely based on the first volume of the comic book series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill. It was released on July 11, 2003, in the United States, and distributed by 20th Century Fox.

positive: The Merchant of Venice (1969 film) The Merchant of Venice is a 1969 drama short film directed by Orson Welles based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. While actually completed, it is frequently cited as an unfinished film, though better described as a partially lost film due to the loss of film negatives.

positive: The Merchant of Venice (2004 film) The Merchant of Venice is a 2004 romantic drama film based on Shakespeare's play of the same name. It is the first full-length sound film in English of Shakespeare's play — other versions are videotaped productions which were made for television, including John Sichel's 1973 version and Jack Gold's 1980 BBC production.The title character is the merchant Antonio (Jeremy Irons), not the Jewish moneylender Shylock (Al Pacino) who is the more prominent character.

positive: The Talented Mr. Ripley (film) The Talented Mr. Ripley is a 1999 American psychological thriller written for the screen and directed by Anthony Minghella. An adaptation of the 1955 Patricia Highsmith novel of the same name, the film stars Matt Damon as Tom Ripley, Jude Law as Dickie Greenleaf, Gwyneth Paltrow as Marge Sherwood and Cate Blanchett as Meredith Logue.The novel was previously filmed as Plein Soleil in 1960.

positive: The Thief Lord (film) The Thief Lord is a 2006 British-German family film directed by Richard Claus. It is a joint production of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc., Future Films Limited, Comet Film, and Thema Production.  The film is distributed by Warner Brothers.

positive: The Tourist (2010 film) The Tourist is a 2010 romantic  comedy thriller co-written and directed by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, starring Angelina Jolie and Johnny Depp. It is based on the screenplay for Anthony Zimmer. GK Films financed and produced the film, with Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions releasing it in most countries through Columbia Pictures.

positive: The Venetian Affair (film) The Venetian Affair  is a 1967 spy film directed by Jerry Thorpe. It stars Robert Vaughn and Elke Sommer and is based on a novel by Helen MacInnes. It was shot on location in Venice, Italy.

positive: This Is Cinerama This is Cinerama is a 1952 full-length film designed to introduce the widescreen process Cinerama, which broadens the aspect ratio so the viewer's peripheral vision is involved.  This is Cinerama premiered on 30 September 1952 at the New York Broadway theatre, in New York City.

positive: Untitled Cullen brothers film An untitled Cullen brothers film, previously working titled as Going Under, is an upcoming American action comedy film directed and written by Mark and Robb Cullen, about a private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang and the gang's leader forces him to work for him to get his dog back. The film stars Bruce Willis, Jason Momoa, Thomas Middleditch, Famke Janssen, John Goodman and Stephanie Sigman. Principal photography began on June 29, 2015 in Venice, Los Angeles.

positive: Vampire in Venice Vampire in Venice (Nosferatu a Venezia), also known as Nosferatu in Venice, is an Italian horror film released in 1988 and directed by Augusto Caminito, starring Klaus Kinski, Christopher Plummer and Donald Pleasence.

positive: Venice, the Moon and You Venice, the Moon and You (Italian: Venezia, la luna e tu) is a 1958 Italian comedy film directed by Dino Risi.

positive: Venice/Venice Venice/Venice is an American film starring Henry Jaglom, Nelly Alard, Melissa Leo, Suzanne Bertish, Daphna Kastner, David Duchovny, John Landis and written and directed by Henry Jaglom.

negative: 35 Shots of Rum 35 Shots of Rum (French: 35 Rhums) is a 2008 film, directed by Claire Denis, the French filmmaker. It made its North American premiere at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival, and was shown outside of competition at the Venice Film Festival. It was later released to limited theaters in 2009. Claire Denis was in part inspired by Yasujirō Ozu's Late Spring.

negative: 70th Venice International Film Festival The 70th annual Venice Film Festival took place in Venice, Italy from 28 August to 7 September 2013. American film director William Friedkin was presented with a lifetime achievement award. Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was the President of the Jury. He was previously the President of the Jury at the 40th edition in 1983. Gravity, directed by Alfonso Cuarón, was the opening film of the festival.

negative: 71st Venice International Film Festival The 71st annual Venice Film Festival took place in Venice, Italy between 27 August to 6 September 2014. The Swedish film A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence won the Golden Lion award.American filmmakers Thelma Schoonmaker and Frederick Wiseman were the recipients of the Lifetime Achievement award. French composer Alexandre Desplat was the head of the jury for the main competition section.Alejandro González Iñárritu's film Birdman opened the festival.

negative: An Angel at My Table An Angel at My Table is a 1990 New Zealand-Australian-British film directed by Jane Campion.  The film is based on Janet Frame's three autobiographies, To the Is-Land (1982), An Angel at My Table (1984), and The Envoy from Mirror City (1984). The film was very well received, winning multiple awards including at the New Zealand Film and Television awards, the Toronto International Film Festival and received second prize at the Venice Film Festival.

negative: Bad Boy Bubby Bad Boy Bubby is a 1993 Australian-Italian black comedy/drama film written and directed by Rolf de Heer. It stars Nicholas Hope and Carmel Johnson.

negative: Banditi a Orgosolo Banditi a Orgosolo  (Bandits of Orgosolo) is a 1960 Italian film drama directed by Vittorio De Seta. The film stars Vittorina Pisano. De Seta won an Award for the film at the Venice Film Festival.

negative: Before Night Falls (film) Before Night Falls  is a 2000 American drama film directed by Julian Schnabel. The screenplay is based on the autobiography of the same name of Reinaldo Arenas, which was published in English in 1993. The screenplay was written by Schnabel, Cunningham O'Keefe, and Lázaro Gómez Carriles.

negative: Black Book (film) Black Book (Dutch: Zwartboek) is a 2006 Dutch World War II thriller film co-written and directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Carice van Houten, Sebastian Koch, Thom Hoffman, and Halina Reijn. The film, credited as based on several true events and characters, is about a young Jewish woman in the Netherlands who becomes a spy for the resistance during World War II after tragedy befalls her in an encounter with the Nazis.

negative: Blood Bath This article is about the 1966 horror film produced by Roger Corman.  For the 1971 Italian horror directed by Mario Bava, see Twitch of the Death Nerve. For the death metal band, see Bloodbath.Blood Bath is a 1966 horror film directed by Jack Hill and Stephanie Rothman. William Campbell stars as an artist with vampiric tendencies who kills beautiful women and dumps their bodies into a vat of boiling wax in his studio.

negative: Bramman Bramman is a 2014 Tamil film directed by Socrates, starring M. Sasikumar and Lavanya Tripathi in the lead roles.  It has cinematography by Jomon T. John.

negative: Burn After Reading Burn After Reading is a 2008 black comedy film written, produced, edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. The film stars George Clooney, John Malkovich, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton, and Brad Pitt. The film had its premiere on August 27, 2008, when it opened the 2008 Venice Film Festival. It was released in the United States on September 12, 2008, and in the United Kingdom on October 17, 2008.

negative: Carrington (film) Carrington is a 1995 British biographical film written and directed by Christopher Hampton about the life of the English painter Dora Carrington (1893–1932), who was known simply as "Carrington". The screenplay is based on biographies of writer and critic Lytton Strachey (1880–1932) by Michael Holroyd.

negative: Chef (film) Chef is a 2014 American comedy-drama film written, produced, directed by and starring Jon Favreau, and co-starring Sofía Vergara, John Leguizamo, Scarlett Johansson, Oliver Platt, Bobby Cannavale, Dustin Hoffman, and Robert Downey, Jr. Favreau plays a professional chef who, after a public altercation with a food critic, quits his job at a popular Los Angeles restaurant and returns to his home town of Miami to fix up a food truck.

negative: Contagion (film) Contagion is a 2011 American science fiction medical thriller film directed by Steven Soderbergh. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Marion Cotillard, Bryan Cranston, Matt Damon, Laurence Fishburne, Jude Law, Gwyneth Paltrow, Kate Winslet, and Jennifer Ehle.

negative: Cupid's Mistake Cupid’s Mistake is a 2001 comedy film directed by Young Man Kang, a Korean-born filmmaker who made his U.S. directing debut with this production. The film is notable for being produced for $980, which was recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as being the least expensive feature-length motion picture to receive a theatrical film release.

negative: Dead Man Dead Man is a 1995 American Western film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. It stars Johnny Depp, Gary Farmer, Billy Bob Thornton, Iggy Pop, Crispin Glover, John Hurt, Michael Wincott, Lance Henriksen, Gabriel Byrne, and Robert Mitchum (in his final film role). The film, dubbed a "Psychedelic Western" by its director, includes twisted and surreal elements of the Western genre. The film is shot entirely in black-and-white.

negative: Der Kaiser von Kalifornien The Kaiser of California, better known as "The Emperor of California" (German Der Kaiser von Kalifornien), is a 1936 film that has the distinction of being the first western film made in Nazi Germany.

negative: Dhoom 2 Dhoom 2 ([ˈd̪ʱuːm],English: Blast 2, also abbreviated and known as D:2, D2) is a 2006 Indian action thriller film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Aditya Chopra and Yash Chopra at an estimated budget of ₹350 million (US$5.3 million) under the Yash Raj Films banner. It is the second in the Dhoom series. Abhishek Bachchan and Uday Chopra star as buddy cops Jai Dixit and Ali, respectively. The duo attempt to capture Mr.

negative: Disengagement (film) Disengagement (Désengagement) is a film directed by Amos Gitai, starring Juliette Binoche, with Jeanne Moreau in a supporting role. The film is a French/Italian/Israeli co-production, and was shot in France, Germany and Israel. It is the third film of Gitai's Border Trilogy.The film premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival in an out-of-competition slot. Following this the picture played at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival.

negative: Elizabethtown (film) Elizabethtown is a 2005 American romantic tragicomedy film written and directed by Cameron Crowe starring Orlando Bloom and Kirsten Dunst.  Alec Baldwin has a small role as a CEO of an athletic shoe company and Susan Sarandon appears as a grieving widow.The movie is named for being set primarily in Elizabethtown, Kentucky.

negative: Faust (2011 film) Faust is a 2011 Russian film directed by Alexander Sokurov. Set in the 19th century, it is a free interpretation of the Faust legend and its literary adaptations by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Thomas Mann. The dialogue is in German. The film won the Golden Lion at the 68th Venice International Film Festival.

negative: Fish & Cat Fish & Cat (in Persian : ماهی و گربه; transliterated as Mahi va Gorbeh) is a 2013 mystery drama slasher Iranian film directed by Shahram Mokri. The film narrated in 140 minutes tells the story of a group of university students camping at a lakeside for Kite-running competitions, all through a without-a-cut single shot. The film was first premiered in Venice Film Festival in 6 September 2013.

negative: I'm Not There I'm Not There is a 2007 biographical musical film directed by Todd Haynes, inspired by the life and music of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. Six actors depict different facets of Dylan's public personas: Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, Marcus Carl Franklin, Richard Gere, Heath Ledger, and Ben Whishaw.

negative: Incendies For the play, see Incendies (play)Incendies is a 2010 Canadian mystery drama film written and directed by Denis Villeneuve. Adapted from Wajdi Mouawad's play of the same name, Incendies follows the journey of twin brother and sister as they attempt to unravel the mystery of their mother's life. The film premiered at the Venice and Toronto Film Festivals in September 2010 and was released in Quebec on 17 September 2010.

negative: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 American adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. It is the second installment in the Indiana Jones franchise and a prequel to the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark.

negative: Jennifer on My Mind Jennifer on My Mind  is a 1971 American black comedy film based on the 1968 novel Heir by Roger L. Simon. It was directed by Noel Black from a screenplay by Erich Segal and stars Michael Brandon and Tippy Walker, as well as Robert De Niro in a minor role.This was one of the many early 1970s films that dealt with addiction following the explosion of recreational drug use in the 1960s.

negative: Melancholia (2008 film) Melancholia is a 2008 Philippine film directed by Lav Diaz. It won the Horizons prize at the 65th Venice International Film Festival.

negative: Mission: Impossible III Mission: Impossible III (marketed as M:i:III, M:I-3, or Mission: Impossible 3) is a 2006 American action spy thriller film co-written and directed by J.J. Abrams, his first film as a director, starring Tom Cruise, who also served as a producer, in the role of IMF agent Ethan Hunt. The film was first released on April 26, 2006, at the Tribeca Film Festival, and widely released in the United States on May 5, 2006.

negative: Moulin Rouge (1952 film) Moulin Rouge is a 1952 British drama film directed by John Huston, produced by John and James Woolf for their Romulus Films company and released by United Artists. The film is set in Paris in the late 19th century, following artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec in the city's bohemian sub-culture in and around the burlesque palace, the Moulin Rouge. The screenplay is by Huston, based on the novel by Pierre La Mure. The cinematography was by Oswald Morris.

negative: Mr. Nobody (film) Mr. Nobody is a 2009 science fiction drama film. It was written and directed by Jaco Van Dormael, produced by Philippe Godeau, and starred Jared Leto, Sarah Polley, Diane Kruger, Linh Dan Pham, Rhys Ifans, Natasha Little, Toby Regbo and Juno Temple. The film tells the life story of Nemo Nobody, a 118-year-old man who is the last mortal on Earth after the human race has achieved quasi-immortality.

negative: My Own Private Idaho My Own Private Idaho is a 1991 American independent adventure drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant, loosely based on Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1, Henry IV, Part 2, and Henry V, and starring River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves.

negative: Natural Born Killers Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey, Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film was released in the United States on August 26, 1994.

negative: Once Upon a Time in America Once Upon a Time in America is a 1984 American epic crime drama film co-written and directed by Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods. Based on Harry Grey's novel The Hoods, it chronicles the lives of Jewish ghetto youths who rise to prominence in New York City's world of organized crime.

negative: Palindromes (film) Palindromes is a 2004 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Todd Solondz. It references Solondz's 1995 film, Welcome to the Dollhouse. It competed for the Golden Lion award at the 61st Venice International Film Festival.The protagonist, a 13-year-old girl named Aviva, is played by eight different actors of different ages, races, and genders during the course of the film and features an array of secondary characters.

negative: Parigi o cara Parigi o cara (also known as Paris, My Love) is a 1962 Italian comedy drama film directed by Vittorio Caprioli.It was shown as part of a retrospective Questi fantasmi: Cinema italiano ritrovato at the 65th Venice International Film Festival.

negative: Place Vendôme (film) Place Vendôme is a 1998 film directed by Nicole Garcia, starring Catherine Deneuve, and named after the Place Vendôme in Paris.Deneuve won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the 55th Venice International Film Festival for her role in the film.

negative: Road to Nowhere (film) Road to Nowhere is a 2010 American romance thriller independent film directed by Monte Hellman, written by Steven Gaydos, and starring Cliff De Young, Waylon Payne, Shannyn Sossamon, Tygh Runyan, and Dominique Swain. It is Hellman's first feature film in 21 years.Road to Nowhere was shot in western North Carolina from July to August 2009, before moving to Europe.

negative: Robinson in Ruins Robinson in Ruins is a 2010 British documentary film by Patrick Keiller and narrated by Vanessa Redgrave. It is a sequel to Keiller's previous films, London (1994) and Robinson in Space (1997). It documents the journey of the fictional titular character around the south of England. It premiered at the 67th Venice International Film Festival in September 2010.

negative: Romance on the Orient Express Romance on the Orient Express is a 1985 television film directed by Lawrence Gordon Clark.

negative: Senso (film) Senso is a 1954 melodrama film, an adaptation of Camillo Boito's Italian novella Senso by the Italian director Luchino Visconti, with Alida Valli as Livia Serpieri and Farley Granger as Lieutenant Franz Mahler.Originally, Visconti had hoped to cast Ingrid Bergman and Marlon Brando in the lead roles, but Bergman was not interested in the part, and Brando was nixed by the producers who considered Granger a bigger star, at the time.

negative: Shark in Venice Sharks in Venice is a 2008 American natural-horror film directed by Danny Lerner and starring Stephen Baldwin, Bashar Rahal and Vanessa Johansson.

negative: Spotlight (film) Spotlight is a 2015 American drama film directed by Thomas McCarthy and written by McCarthy and Josh Singer. It is about The Boston GlobeTemplate:`s "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States, and their coverage of the Massachusetts Catholic sex abuse scandal, for which The Globe won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.

negative: The Happy Poet The Happy Poet is a 2010 film written and directed by Paul Gordon. It was shot on-location in Austin, Texas, USA. It has appeared at a number of film festivals, including the Venice Film Festival's  Giornate Degli Autori "\Authors' Days") section.

negative: The Iceman (film) The Iceman is an American biography crime thriller film based on the true story of longtime notorious hitman Richard Kuklinski. Released in 2013 at the Venice Film Festival, the film was directed by Ariel Vromen, and stars Michael Shannon as Richard Kuklinski, Winona Ryder, Chris Evans, and Ray Liotta.The Iceman showed at the 2012 Telluride Film Festival and the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival before receiving a limited release in cinemas in the United States on May 3, 2013.

negative: The Reluctant Fundamentalist (film) The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a 2012 political thriller drama film based on the 2007 novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, directed by Mira Nair, starring Riz Ahmed and Kate Hudson in lead. The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a post-9/11 film, a movie about the impact on one man of the Al Qaida attacks and the American reaction to them.In 2007, Nair read the manuscript of Hamid's unpublished novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist.

negative: The Sea Inside The Sea Inside (Spanish: Mar adentro) is a 2004 Spanish film written, produced, directed and scored by Alejandro Amenábar. It is based on the real-life story of Ramón Sampedro (played by Javier Bardem), who was left quadriplegic after a diving accident, and his 28-year campaign in support of euthanasia and the right to end his life.

negative: The Syndicate: A Death in the Family The Syndicate: A Death in the Family (Italian: Colpo rovente, also known as Red Hot Shot) is a 1970 Italian crime film directed by Piero Zuffi and written by Ennio Flaiano and the same Zuffi.In 2004 it was restored and shown as part of the retrospective "Storia Segreta del Cinema Italiano: Italian Kings of the Bs" at the 61st Venice International Film Festival.

negative: The Wings of the Dove (1997 film) The Wings of the Dove is a 1997 U.S.-British drama film directed by Iain Softley and starring Helena Bonham Carter, Linus Roache, and Alison Elliott. The screenplay by Hossein Amini is based on the 1902 novel of the same name by Henry James. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards and five BAFTAs, recognizing Bonham Carter's performance, the screenplay, costume design and the cinematography.

negative: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film) Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy is a 2011 Cold War espionage film directed by Tomas Alfredson. The screenplay was written by Bridget O'Connor and Peter Straughan, based on the 1974 novel of the same name by John le Carré.It stars Gary Oldman as George Smiley, along with Colin Firth, Tom Hardy, John Hurt, Toby Jones, Mark Strong, Benedict Cumberbatch and Ciarán Hinds.

negative: To Take a Wife To Take a Wife (VeLakahta Lekha Isha) (French: Prendre femme) is a 2004 drama film. It is the directorial debut of veteran actress, Ronit Elkabetz who also stars in the film. The French-Israeli production premiered at the 61st Venice International Film Festival in September 2004.

negative: Transformers: Dark of the Moon Transformers: Dark of the Moon (or simply Transformers 3) is a 2011 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. First released on June 23, 2011, it is the third (originally intended final) installment of the live-action Transformers film series. It is a sequel to 2009's Revenge of the Fallen taking place three years after that.

negative: Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (simply known as Transformers 2), is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg. It is a sequel to 2007's Transformers and the second installment in the live-action Transformers series taking place two years after Transformers. The plot revolves around Sam Witwicky, who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots, the Autobots and the Decepticons.

negative: U2 3D U2 3D is a 2007 American-produced 3D concert film featuring rock band U2 performing during the Vertigo Tour in 2006. The film contains performances of 14 songs, including tracks from How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2004), the album supported by the tour. The concert footage includes political and social statements made during the shows. It is the band's second feature film, following their 1988 rockumentary Rattle and Hum.

negative: Under the Skin (2013 film) Under the Skin is a 2013 science fiction-horror art film directed by Jonathan Glazer, and written by Glazer and Walter Campbell as a loose adaptation of Michel Faber's 2000 novel of the same name. It was released in the UK on 14 March 2014 and the US on 4 April. The film stars Scarlett Johansson as an otherworldly seductress who preys on men in Scotland.

negative: Up in Smoke Up in Smoke, directed by Lou Adler, is Cheech & Chong's first feature-length film, released in 1978 by Paramount Pictures. It stars Cheech Marin, Tommy Chong, Edie Adams, Strother Martin, Stacy Keach, and Tom Skerritt.  Cheech & Chong had been a counterculture comedy team for about ten years before they started reworking some of their material for their first film.

negative: Valeria Golino Valeria Golino (born 22 October 1965) is an Italian actress and director. She is best known to English-language audiences for her role in the film Rain Man (1988), and the Hot Shots! films. In addition to David di Donatello, Silver Ribbon, Golden Ciak and Italian Golden Globe awards, she is also one of the three actresses who won the Best Actress award at the Venice Film Festival multiple times.

negative: Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival (Italian: Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia, "International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale"), founded in 1932, is the oldest film festival in the world and one of the "Big Three" film festivals alongside the Cannes Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival.The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895.

negative: W.E. W.E. (stylized as W./E.) is a 2011 British romantic drama film co-written and directed by Madonna. It stars Abbie Cornish, Andrea Riseborough, Oscar Isaac, Richard Coyle, and James D'Arcy. The screenplay was co-written by Alek Keshishian, who previously worked with Madonna on her 1991 documentary Truth or Dare and two of her music videos.

negative: X-Men Origins: Wolverine X-Men Origins: Wolverine is a 2009 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics fictional character Wolverine, distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the fourth installment in the X-Men film series. The film was directed by Gavin Hood, written by David Benioff and Skip Woods, and produced by and starring  Hugh Jackman. It co-stars Liev Schreiber, Danny Huston, Dominic Monaghan, Will.i.am and Ryan Reynolds.