query: mathematician computer scientist MIT's six inaugural MacVicar Faculty Fellows

positive: Alan Edelman Alan Stuart Edelman (born June 1963, Brooklyn, New York) is an American mathematician and computer scientist. He is a Professor of Applied Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Principal Investigator at the MIT Computer Science and AI Laboratory (CSAIL) where he leads a group in Applied Computing. In 2004 Professor Edelman founded Interactive Supercomputing, recently acquired by Microsoft.

positive: Carla Savage Carla Diane Savage is an American computer scientist and mathematician, a professor of computer science at North Carolina State University and the secretary of the American Mathematical Society.

positive: David Jerison David Saul Jerison is an American mathematician, a professor of mathematics and a MacVicar Faculty Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an expert in partial differential equations and Fourier analysis.

positive: Hal Abelson Harold "Hal" Abelson (born April 26, 1947) is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT, a fellow of the IEEE, and a founding director of both Creative Commons and the Free Software Foundation.

positive: Seymour Papert Seymour Aubrey Papert (born February 29, 1928) is an MIT mathematician, computer scientist, and educator. He is one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence, and co-inventor, with Wally Feurzeig, of the Logo programming language.

negative: Avrim Blum Avrim Blum (born 27 May 1966) is a prominent computer scientist.  In 2007, he was made a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to learning theory and algorithms." Blum attended MIT, where he received his Ph.D. in 1991 under professor Ron Rivest.

negative: Barry Vercoe Barry Vercoe is a New Zealand-born computer scientist and composer. He completed his undergraduate degree in New Zealand in Music and Mathematics and went on to complete a Ph.D. at the University of Michigan, USA, in Music Composition.  In 1968, Vercoe's research in Digital Audio Processing paved the way for the subsequent evolution of digital musical composition. In 1971, he joined the faculty at MIT and established the Experimental Music facility in 1973.

negative: Bonnie Berger Bonnie Anne Berger is an American mathematician and computer scientist, who works as a professor of applied mathematics and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her early research was in algorithms, and more recently she has done research in computational molecular biology.

negative: Boris Katz Boris Katz, born in Kishinev, Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union (now Chișinău, Moldova) is a Principal Research Scientist (computer scientist) at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and head of the Laboratory's InfoLab Group.  His research interests include natural language processing and understanding, machine learning and intelligent information access.  His brother Victor Kac is a mathematician at MIT.He was able to get out of the USSR with the help of U.S.

negative: Bruce Donald Bruce Randall Donald (born 1958) is an American computer scientist and computational biologist. He is the James B. Duke Professor of Computer Science and Biochemistry at Duke University.

negative: Charles E. Leiserson Charles Eric Leiserson is a computer scientist, specializing in the theory of parallel computing and distributed computing, and particularly practical applications thereof; as part of this effort, he developed the Cilk multithreaded language.  He invented the fat-tree interconnection network, a hardware-universal interconnection network used in many supercomputers, including the Connection Machine CM5, for which he was network architect.

negative: Charlotte Froese Fischer Charlotte Froese Fischer (born 1929) is a Canadian-American applied mathematician and computer scientist who gained world recognition for the development and implementation of the Multi-Configurational Hartree–Fock (MCHF) approach to atomic-structure calculations and for her theoretical prediction concerning the existence of the negative calcium ion. For this last accomplishment, she was elected to grade of Fellow of the American Physical Society.

negative: Claude Shannon Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electronic engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".Shannon is famous for having founded information theory with a landmark paper that he published in 1948.

negative: Computer scientist A computer scientist is a scientist who has acquired knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computer systems, as opposed to the hardware side that computer engineers mainly focus on (although there is overlap).

negative: Dana Scott Dana Stewart Scott (born October 11, 1932) is the emeritus Hillman University Professor of Computer Science, Philosophy, and Mathematical Logic at Carnegie Mellon University; he is now retired and lives in Berkeley, California. His research career involved computer science, mathematics, and philosophy.

negative: Danny Hillis William Daniel "Danny" Hillis (born September 25, 1956) is an American inventor, engineer, mathematician, entrepreneur, and author. He co-founded Thinking Machines Corporation, a company that developed the Connection Machine, a parallel supercomputer designed by Hillis at MIT. He is also co-founder of the Long Now Foundation, Applied Minds, Metaweb Technologies, Applied Proteomics, and author of The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work.

negative: David Culler David Ethan Culler (born 1959) is a computer scientist and Chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a Principal Investigator in the Software Defined Buildings (SDB) project at the EECS Department at Berkeley and the Faculty Director of the i4Energy Center.

negative: David S. Johnson David Stifler Johnson (born December 9, 1945, Washington, D.C.) is an American computer scientist specializing in algorithms and optimization.  He was  the head of the Algorithms and Optimization Department of AT&T Labs Research from 1988 to 2013, and is a visiting professor at Columbia University. He was awarded the 2010 Knuth Prize.Johnson graduated summa cum laude from Amherst College in 1967, then earned his S.M. from MIT in 1968 and his Ph.D. from MIT in 1973.

negative: Diane Souvaine Diane L. Souvaine is a professor of computer science and mathematics at Tufts University, chair of the computer science department, and was newly appointed as the university's vice provost of research. In 2008 she was nominated for a six-year term to the National Science Board, a 24-member body that governs the National Science Foundation and advises the United States government about science policy.

negative: Dimitri Bertsekas Dimitri Panteli Bertsekas (Greek: Δημήτρης Παντελής Μπερτσεκάς) is an applied mathematician and computer scientist, and a professor at the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts.

negative: Dina Katabi Dina Katabi (born 1971) is the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT and the director of the MIT Wireless Center.

negative: Donald Knuth Donald Ervin Knuth (/kəˈnuːθ/ kə-NOOTH; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at Stanford University.He is the author of the multi-volume work The Art of Computer Programming. Knuth has been called the "father of the analysis of algorithms". He contributed to the development of the rigorous analysis of the computational complexity of algorithms and systematized formal mathematical techniques for it.

negative: Erik Demaine Erik D. Demaine (born February 28, 1981) is a professor of Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a former child prodigy.

negative: Eugene M. Luks Eugene Michael Luks (born circa 1940) is an American mathematician and computer scientist, a professor emeritus of computer and information science at the University of Oregon. He is known for his research on the graph isomorphism problem and on algorithms for computational group theory.

negative: F. Thomson Leighton Frank Thomson "Tom" Leighton is a professor of Applied Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the CEO of Akamai Technologies.  He has served as the head of the Algorithms group at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory since 1996, and co-founded Akamai with student Daniel Lewin in 1998. He served on the Presidential Informational Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC), during which time he served as the chair of subcommittee on cybersecurity.

negative: Gerald Jay Sussman Gerald Jay Sussman (February 8, 1947) is the Panasonic Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He received his S.B.  and Ph.D. degrees in mathematics from MIT in 1968 and 1973 respectively. He has been involved in artificial intelligence research at MIT since 1964.

negative: Hartley Rogers, Jr. Hartley Rogers, Jr. was a mathematician who worked in recursion theory, and was a professor in the Mathematics Department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  The Rogers equivalence theorem is named after him.Born in 1926 in Buffalo, New York, he studied under Alonzo Church at Princeton, and received his Ph.D. there in 1952.

negative: Haynes Miller Haynes Robert Miller (born 1948 in Princeton, New Jersey) is an American mathematician specializing in algebraic topology.Miller completed his undergraduate study at Harvard University and earned his PhD under the supervision of John Coleman Moore at Princeton University with thesis Some Algebraic Aspects of the Adams–Novikov Spectral Sequence.

negative: Herman Goldstine Herman Heine Goldstine (September 13, 1913 – June 16, 2004) was a mathematician and computer scientist, who was one of the original developers of ENIAC, the first of the modern electronic digital computers.

negative: Ileana Streinu Ileana Streinu is a Romanian-American computer scientist and mathematician, the Charles N. Clark Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at Smith College in Massachusetts. She is known for her research in computational geometry, and in particular for her work on kinematics and structural rigidity.

negative: Ivan Stojmenović Ivan Stojmenović (1957 – 3 November 2014) was a Serbian-Canadian mathematician and computer scientist well known for his contributions to communications networks and algorithms.  He has published over 300 articles in his field and edited four handbooks in the area of wireless sensor networks.

negative: James B. Orlin James Berger Orlin (born April 19, 1953) is an American operations researcher, the Edward Pennell Brooks Professor in Management and Professor of Operations Research at the MIT Sloan School of Management.

negative: James Demmel James Weldon Demmel is an American mathematician and computer scientist, the Dr. Richard Carl Dehmel Distinguished Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley.Demmel did his undergraduate studies at the California Institute of Technology, graduating in 1975 with a B.S. in mathematics. He earned his Ph.D.

negative: Jeanne Ferrante Jeanne Ferrante is a computer scientist active in the field of compiler technology, where she has made important contributions regarding optimization and parallelization. Jeanne Ferrante is  Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at UC San Diego. She received her B.A. from New College at Hofstra University in 1969, and her Ph.D. from MIT in 1974.

negative: Jeffrey Lagarias Jeffrey Clark Lagarias (born November, 1949 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) is a mathematician and professor at the University of Michigan.

negative: Jill P. Mesirov Jill P. Mesirov is an American mathematician, computer scientist, and computational biologist who works as the associate director and chief informatics officer at the Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. She also holds an adjunct faculty position at Boston University. Her research concerns high-performance computing.

negative: Joan Feigenbaum Joan Feigenbaum (born 1958 in New York) is a theoretical computer scientist with a background in mathematics. She is the Grace Murray Hopper Professor of Computer Science at Yale University. She is considered a pioneer in computer science, having co-invented the security-research area of trust management.

negative: Joe Stoy Joseph E. "Joe" Stoy is a British computer scientist. He originally studied physics at Oxford University. Early in his career, in the 1970s, he worked on denotational semantics with Christopher Strachey in the Programming Research Group at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Oxford University Department of Computer Science). He was a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. He has also spent time at MIT in the United States.

negative: John Alan Robinson John Alan Robinson (born 1928) is a philosopher (by training), mathematician and computer scientist. He is University Professor Emeritus at Syracuse University, United States.Alan Robinson's major contribution is to the foundations of automated theorem proving. His unification algorithm eliminated one source of combinatorial explosion in resolution provers; it also prepared the ground for the logic programming paradigm, in particular for the Prolog language.

negative: John E. Savage John Edmund Savage is an American computer scientist and An Wang Professor of Computer Science at Brown University.Savage earned his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965, under the supervision of Irwin M. Jacobs. After leaving MIT, he worked briefly for Bell Laboratories before joining the Brown faculty in 1967.

negative: John Guttag John Vogel Guttag (born 1949) is an American computer scientist, professor, and former Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT.

negative: John McCarthy (computer scientist) John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. McCarthy was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence.

negative: John R. Rice (computer scientist) John Rischard Rice (born 1934) is an American mathematician and computer scientist, the W. Brooks Fortune Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Computer Science and a professor of mathematics (by courtesy) at Purdue University. He specializes in numerical computing, founded the ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software and is the author of more than 20 books and approximately 300 research articles.

negative: Jonathan Grudin Jonathan Grudin is a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research in the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI) and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). Grudin is a pioneer of the field of CSCW and one of its most prolific contributors. His collaboration distance to other HCI researchers has been described by the Grudin number, similar to the Erdős number in mathematics.

negative: Joseph M. Hellerstein Joseph M. Hellerstein (born (1968-06-07)7 June 1968) is professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley, where he works on database systems and computer networks. After receiving a bachelor's degree from Harvard University and a master's degree from UC Berkeley, he received his PhD from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1995, for a thesis on query optimization supervised by Jeffrey Naughton and Michael Stonebraker.

negative: János Pach János Pach (born May 3, 1954) is a mathematician and computer scientist working in the fields of combinatorics and discrete and computational geometry.

negative: Kevin McCurley (cryptographer) Kevin Snow McCurley is a mathematician, computer scientist, and cryptographer, currently a research scientist at Google.He received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1981 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His early research was in number theory, investigating such topics as primes in arithmetic progression and polynomials with many initial composite values.

negative: Leonid Levin Leonid Anatolievich Levin (le-oh-NEED LE-vin; Russian: Леони́д Анато́льевич Ле́вин; Ukrainian: Леоні́д Анато́лійович Ле́він; born November 2, 1948) is a Soviet-American computer scientist.

negative: Linda Petzold Linda Ruth Petzold (born 1954) is a professor of computer science and mechanical engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she is also listed as affiliated faculty in the department of mathematics.

negative: Madhu Sudan Madhu Sudan (born September 12, 1966) is an Indian-American computer scientist. He was professor of computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a member of MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory until 2009.

negative: Marek Karpinski Marek Karpinski is a computer scientist and mathematician known for his research in the theory of algorithms and their applications, combinatorial optimization, computational complexity, and mathematical foundations. He is a recipient of several research prizes in the above areas.He is currently a Professor of Computer Science, and the Head of the Algorithms Group at the University of Bonn.

negative: Margaret MacVicar Margaret L.A. (Scotty) MacVicar (1943–1991) was an American physicist and educator. In addition to serving as MIT's Dean of Undergraduate Education (1985–1990), MacVicar is credited with founding the now widely emulated Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) in 1969. MacVicar received her undergraduate and graduate degrees at MIT and joined the faculty, giving her the rare distinction of being a "MIT lifer."

negative: Michael Fourman Michael Paul Fourman FBCS (born 12 September 1950) is Professor of Computer Systems at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, UK, and was Head of the School of Informatics from 2001–2009.Fourman is interested in applications of logic in computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science – more specifically, formal models of digital systems, system design tools, proof assistants, categorical semantics and propositional planning.

negative: Michael T. Goodrich Michael T. Goodrich is a mathematician and computer scientist. He is a Chancellor's Professor and the chair of Department of Computer Science, of Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, a school of University of California, Irvine.

negative: Mike Paterson Michael Stewart "Mike" Paterson, is a British Computer Scientist, who was the director of the Centre for Discrete Mathematics and its Applications at the University of Warwick until 2007, and chair of the Department of Computer Science in 2005.He received his doctorate from Cambridge University in 1967, under the supervision of David Park.

negative: Nati Linial Nathan (Nati) Linial (born 1953 in Haifa, Israel) is an Israeli mathematician and computer scientist, a professor in the Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and an ISI highly cited researcher.Linial did his undergraduate studies at the Technion, and received his PhD in 1978 from the Hebrew University under the supervision of Micha Perles.

negative: Nick Pippenger Nicholas John Pippenger is a researcher in computer science. He has produced a number of fundamental results many of which are being widely used in the field of theoretical computer science, database processing and compiler optimization. He has also achieved the rank of IBM Fellow at Almaden IBM Research Center in San Jose, California. He has taught at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada and at Princeton University in the US.

negative: Nitin Saxena Nitin Saxena (Hindi: नितिन सक्सेना) (born 3 May 1981) is an Indian scientist, active in the fields of mathematics and theoretical computer science. His research focuses on topics in computational complexity, especially algebraic approaches.He, along with Manindra Agrawal and Neeraj Kayal proposed the AKS Primality Test in 2002, for which the trio received the Gödel Prize in 2006.

negative: Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician and philosopher.

negative: Patrick Winston Patrick Henry Winston is an American computer scientist, and is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Winston was director of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory from 1972 to 1997, succeeding Marvin Minsky, who left to help found the MIT Media Lab and succeeded by Rodney Brooks.

negative: Pauline van den Driessche Pauline van den Driessche (born 1941) is a British and Canadian applied mathematician who is a professor emerita in the department of mathematics and statistics at the University of Victoria, where she has also held an affiliation in the department of computer science. Her research interests include mathematical biology, matrix analysis, and stability theory.

negative: Peter Shor Peter Williston Shor (born August 14, 1959) is an American professor of applied mathematics at MIT, most famous for his work on quantum computation, in particular for devising Shor's algorithm, a quantum algorithm for factoring exponentially faster than the best currently-known algorithm running on a classical computer.

negative: Phyllis Fox Phyllis Ann Fox (born 1923) is an American mathematician and computer scientist.Fox was raised in Colorado. She did her undergraduate studies at Wellesley College, earning a B.A. in mathematics in 1944. From 1944 until 1966 she worked for General Electric as an operator for their differential analyser project. She earned a second baccalaureate, a B.S. in electrical engineering, from the University of Colorado in 1948.

negative: Prasad V. Tetali Prasad V. Tetali is an Indian-American mathematician and computer scientist who works as a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, with a joint appointment in mathematics and the College of Computing. His research concerns probability theory, discrete mathematics, and approximation algorithms.Tetali was born in Visakhapatnam, India but is now a United States citizen.

negative: R. Duncan Luce Robert Duncan Luce (May 16, 1925 – August 11, 2012) was a renowned mathematician and social scientist, and one of the most preeminent figures in the field of mathematical psychology.

negative: Richard J. Lipton Richard Jay "Dick" Lipton (born September 6, 1946) is an American computer scientist who has worked in computer science theory, cryptography, and DNA computing. Lipton is Associate Dean of Research, Professor, and the Frederick G. Storey Chair in Computing in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

negative: Richard M. Karp Not to be confused with Richard A. Karp, one of the developers of TCP.Richard Manning Karp (born January 3, 1935) is an American computer scientist and computational theorist at the University of California, Berkeley. He is most notable for his research in the theory of algorithms, for which he received a Turing Award in 1985, The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science in 2004, and the Kyoto Prize in 2008.

negative: Robert Fano Robert Mario Fano (born 11 November 1917 in Turin, Italy, as Roberto Mario Fano) is an  Italian-American computer scientist, currently professor emeritus of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Fano is known principally for his work on information theory, inventing (with Claude Shannon) Shannon-Fano coding and deriving the Fano inequality.

negative: Rod Downey Rodney Graham Downey (born 20 September 1957) is an Australian and New Zealand mathematician and computer scientist, a professor in the School of Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand. He is known for his work in mathematical logic and computational complexity theory, and in particular for founding the field of parameterised complexity together with Michael Fellows.

negative: Rohan Abeyaratne Rohan Abeyaratne (Sinhalese: රොහාන් අබේරත්න) is a Sri Lankan born American academic and engineer and the Quentin Berg Professor of Mechanics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He was the CEO & Director of the Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (the "SMART" Centre), and prior to that the Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT.Born to L.B.

negative: Ronitt Rubinfeld Ronitt Rubinfeld is a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT and a professor of computer sciences at Tel-Aviv University, Israel.

negative: Shafi Goldwasser Shafrira Goldwasser (Hebrew: שפרירה גולדווסר; born 1958) is an American-born Israeli computer scientist. She is a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT, and a professor of mathematical sciences at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel.

negative: Subhash Suri Subhash Suri (born July 7, 1960) is an Indian-American computer scientist, a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is known for his research in computational geometry, computer networks, and algorithmic game theory.

negative: Takao Nishizeki Takao Nishizeki (西関 隆夫, Nishizeki Takao, born 1947) is a Japanese mathematician and computer scientist who specializes in graph algorithms and graph drawing.

negative: Victor Pan Victor Yakovlevich Pan (Russian: Пан Виктор Яковлевич) is a Soviet and American mathematician and computer scientist. He earned his Ph.D. at Moscow University  then continued at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. During that time, he published a number of significant papers and became known informally as "polynomial Pan" for his pioneering work in the area of polynomial computations.

negative: Vijay Vazirani Vijay Virkumar Vazirani (Hindi: विजय वीरकुमार वज़ीरानी; b. 1957) is an Indian American Professor of Computer Science at Georgia Tech.He received his Bachelor's degree from MIT in 1979 and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1983. During the early to mid nineties, he was a Professor of Computer Science at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.

negative: William Kahan William Morton Kahan (born June 5, 1933) is a mathematician and computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1989 for "his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis", was named an ACM Fellow in 1994, and inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 2005.He attended the University of Toronto, where he received his Bachelor's degree in 1954, his Master's degree in 1956, and his Ph.D. in 1958, all in the field of mathematics.

negative: Wit Busza Wit Busza is a professor in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He obtained a B.Sc. (1960) and Ph.D. (1964) from University College London and joined MIT in 1969, becoming a full professor in 1979. In 1990, he was awarded the Buechner Prize for Outstanding Contributions to the Education Program in the Department of Physics, and in 1993 he was awarded the School of Science Prize for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at MIT.

negative: Yuri Gurevich Yuri Gurevich is an American computer scientist and mathematician and the inventor of abstract state machines. He is Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, where he founded the Foundations of Software Engineering group,and he is professor emeritus at the University of Michigan.Gurevich was educated in the Soviet Union, and taught in Israel before coming to the United States. The best known work of his Soviet period is on the classical decision problem.

negative: Zvi Galil Zvi Galil (Hebrew: צבי גליל; born 1947) is an Israeli computer scientist and mathematician. He is the dean of the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing. His research interests include the design and analysis of algorithms, computational complexity and cryptography. He has been credited with coining the terms stringology and sparsification.  He has published over 150 scientific papers and is listed as an ISI highly cited researcher.

negative: Éva Tardos Éva Tardos (born 1957) is a Hungarian mathematician and the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Computer Science at Cornell University. Tardos received her Dipl.Math in 1981 and her Ph.D. 1984 from Eötvös Loránd University under her advisor András Frank. Gábor Tardos is her younger brother.   She was (2006-2010) Chair of the Department of Computer Science at Cornell and she is currently serving as the Associate Dean of the College of Computing and Information Science.


query: eloan line of credit

positive: E-Loan E-Loan, Inc. is a Rosemont, Illinois-based financial services company that offers savings accounts and certificates of deposit (CDs) and access to partners that may be able to assist customers in obtaining loans.In October 2008, E-Loan's parent company, Popular, Inc. said E-Loan would no longer operate as a direct mortgage lender in 2009, but would continue to provide certificates of deposit and savings accounts.

positive: Line of credit A line of credit is credit source extended to a government, business or individual by a bank or other financial institution. A line of credit may take several forms, such as  overdraft protection, demand loan, special purpose, export packing credit, term loan, discounting, purchase of commercial bills, traditional revolving credit card account, etc. It is effectively a source of funds that can readily be tapped at the borrower's discretion. Interest is paid only on money actually withdrawn.

positive: Loan In finance, a loan is a debt provided by one entity (organization or individual) to another entity at an interest rate, and evidenced by a note which specifies, among other things, the principal amount, interest rate, and date of repayment.

positive: Transfer credit Transfer credit, credit transfer, or advanced standing are the terms used by colleges and universities for the procedure of granting credit to a student for educational experiences or courses undertaken at another "nstitution.\Advanced standing" is also used to describe the status of a student granted credit, as distinct from normal course entrants who commence the stream of study at the beginning.

negative: Alberta Social Credit Party The Alberta Social Credit Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada, that was founded on the social credit monetary policy and conservative Christian social values. The Canadian social credit movement was largely an out-growth of the Alberta Social Credit Party.  The Social Credit Party of Canada was strongest in Alberta, before developing a base in Quebec when Réal Caouette agreed to merge his Ralliement créditiste movement into the federal party.

negative: Association of British Credit Unions The Association of British Credit Unions Limited, commonly known as ABCUL, is the leading trade association for credit unions in Great Britain.ABCUL represents around 70% of credit unions who in turn provide services to 85% of the British credit union membership. The Irish League of Credit Unions organises in Northern Ireland on an all-island basis. Both ABCUL and ILCU are members of the European Network of Credit Unions and World Council of Credit Unions.

negative: Caregiver tax credit The Caregiver Tax Credit (CTC) is a Canadian tax credit available to individuals who provide in-home support for a relative who is a dependent, is over 18 and resides with the supporting relative in his/her residence at some time in the year.  It is found on line 315 of the federal tax return. The dependent must be your child, grandchild, brother, sister, niece, nephew, aunt, uncle, parent or grandparent in order to qualify.

negative: Chargeback Chargeback is the return of funds to a consumer, mainly used in the United States, forcibly initiated by the issuing bank of the instrument used by a consumer to settle a debt. Specifically, it is the reversal of a prior outbound transfer of funds from a consumer's bank account, line of credit, or credit card.Chargebacks also occur in the distribution industry.

negative: Corporate credit union A corporate credit union, also known as a central credit union, provides services to natural person (consumer) credit unions. In the credit union industry, they are sometimes referred to as "the credit union’s credit union".

negative: Course credit A course credit (often credit hour, or just credit or "unit") is a unit that gives weight to the value, level or time requirements of an academic course taken at a school or other educational institution.

negative: Credit (finance) Credit (from Latin credere, "to believe") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit).

negative: Credit CARD Act of 2009 The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 or Credit CARD Act of 2009 is a federal statute passed by the United States Congress and signed by President Barack Obama on May 22, 2009.

negative: Credit One Bank Credit One Bank, N.A. , or Credit One, is a U.S. based bank specializing in credit cards. It has corporate offices in Paradise, Nevada. The bank is held by Credit One Financial, a bank holding company registered in Nevada. Credit One Financial is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sherman Financial Group, LLC. As of February 2011, Credit One services approximately 2 million cardholders across the United States.

negative: Credit Suisse Credit Suisse Group is a Switzerland-based multinational financial services holding company, headquartered in Zürich, that operates the Credit Suisse Bank and other financial services investments.

negative: Credit bureau A credit bureau — also known as consumer reporting agency in the United States, credit reference agency in the United Kingdom, and credit reporting body in Australia — is a company that collects information from various sources and provides consumer credit information on individual consumers for a variety of uses. It is an organization providing information on individuals' borrowing and bill-paying habits.

negative: Credit card A credit card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) as a method of payment. It allows the cardholder to pay for goods and services based on the holder's promise to pay for them.

negative: Credit card fraud Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging term for theft and fraud committed using or involving a payment card, such as a credit card or debit card, as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction. The purpose may be to obtain goods without paying, or to obtain unauthorized funds from an account. Credit card fraud is also an adjunct to identity theft.

negative: Credit crunch A credit crunch  (also known as a credit squeeze or credit crisis) is a reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks.  A credit crunch generally involves a reduction in the availability of credit independent of a rise in official interest rates.

negative: Credit default swap A credit default swap (CDS) is a financial swap agreement that the seller of the CDS will compensate the buyer (usually the creditor of the reference loan) in the event of a loan default (by the debtor) or other credit event. This is to say that the seller of the CDS insures the buyer against some reference loan defaulting.The buyer of the CDS makes a series of payments (the CDS "fee" or "spread") to the seller and, in exchange, receives a payoff if the loan defaults.

negative: Credit fracking Credit fracking is a term used by bankers and creditors when breaking up the credit history of a company to piggyback onto another company to raise the credit score or credit line of the new company.The best way to describe Credit Fracking is if  1 or 2 investors buy a company and then break it up into smaller pieces and sell it off to hundreds or thousands of individuals for a profit. The same thing applies to credit history.

negative: Credit history This article deals with the general concept of the term credit history. For detailed information about the same topic in the United States, see Credit score in the United States.A credit history is a record of a borrower's responsible repayment of debts.   A credit report is a record of the borrower's credit history from a number of sources, including banks, credit card companies, collection agencies, and governments.

negative: Credit limit A credit limit is the maximum amount of credit that a financial institution or other lender will extend to a debtor for a particular line of credit (sometimes called a credit line, line of credit, or a tradeline).

negative: Credit rating A credit rating is an evaluation of the credit worthiness of a debtor, especially a business (company) or a government, but not individual consumers. The evaluation is made by a credit rating agency of the debtor's ability to pay back the debt and the likelihood of default.

negative: Credit rating agency A credit rating agency (CRA, also called a ratings service) is a company that assigns credit ratings, which rate a debtor's ability to pay back debt by making timely interest payments and the likelihood of default.

negative: Credit risk A credit risk is the risk of default on a debt that may arise from a borrower failing to make required payments. In the first resort, the risk is that of the lender and includes lost principal and interest, disruption to cash flows, and increased collection costs. The loss may be complete or partial and can arise in a number of circumstances, for example: A consumer may fail to make a payment due on a mortgage loan, credit card, line of credit, or other loan.

negative: Credit score A credit score is a numerical expression based on a level analysis of a person's credit files, to represent the creditworthiness of the person. A credit score is primarily based on a credit report information typically sourced from credit bureaus.Lenders, such as banks and credit card companies, use credit scores to evaluate the potential risk posed by lending money to consumers and to mitigate losses due to bad debt.

negative: Credit score in the United States A credit score in the United States is a number representing the creditworthiness of a person, the likelihood that person will pay his or her debts.Lenders, such as banks and credit card companies, use credit scores to evaluate the potential risk posed by lending money to consumers.  Widespread use of credit scores has made credit more widely available and less expensive for many consumers.

negative: Credit union A credit union is a member-owned financial cooperative, democratically controlled by its members, and operated for the purpose of promoting thrift, providing credit at competitive rates, and providing other financial services to its members.

negative: Credit unions in the United States Credit unions in the United States serve 100 million members, comprising 43.7% of the economically active population. U.S. credit unions are not-for-profit, cooperative, tax-exempt organizations. As of October 2011, the largest American credit union was Navy Federal Credit Union, serving U.S. Department of Defense employees, contractors, and families of servicepeople, with over $45 billion USD in assets and over 3.4 million members.  Total credit union assets in the U.S.

negative: Debit MasterCard The Debit MasterCard is a debit card. It uses the same systems as the standard MasterCard credit card and does not use a line of credit to the customer, instead relying on funds that the customer has in their bank account.

negative: Exim Bank (India) Export-Import Bank of India is the premier export finance institution in India, established in 1982 under the Export-Import Bank of India Act 1981. Since its inception, Exim Bank of India has been both a catalyst and a key player in the promotion of cross border trade and investment.

negative: Export credit agency An export credit agency (known in trade finance as an ECA) or investment insurance agency is a private or quasi-governmental institution that acts as an intermediary between national governments and exporters to issue export financing. The financing can take the form of credits (financial support) or credit insurance and guarantees (pure cover) or both, depending on the mandate the ECA has been given by its government. ECAs can also offer credit or cover on their own account.

negative: Financial services Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies,  consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds and some government-sponsored enterprises.

negative: First Jersey Credit Union First Jersey Credit Union is a federally insured, state chartered, 102 million dollar, 7,606 member, natural person, credit union operating from two branches in Passaic County, New Jersey.

negative: First Tech Credit Union First Tech Federal Credit Union (or First Tech) is a federally chartered credit union headquartered in Mountain View, California. It is regulated under the authority of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA).

negative: History of credit unions Credit unions are not-for-profit financial cooperatives.  In the early stages of development of a nation's financial system, unserved and underserved populations must rely on risky and expensive informal financial services from sources like money lenders, ROSCAs and saving at home.  Credit unions proved they could meet demand for financial services that banks could not:  from professional, middle class and poorer people.

negative: Home equity line of credit A home equity line of credit (often called HELOC and pronounced Hee-lock) is a loan in which the lender agrees to lend a maximum amount within an agreed period (called a term), where the collateral is the borrower's equity in his/her house (akin to a second mortgage).

negative: Home equity loan A home equity loan is a type of  loan in which the borrower uses the equity of his or her home as collateral. Home equity loans are often used to finance major expenses such as home repairs, medical bills, or college education. A home equity loan creates a lien against the borrower's house and reduces actual home equity.Most home equity loans require good to excellent credit history, reasonable loan-to-value and combined loan-to-value ratios.

negative: Irish League of Credit Unions The Irish League of Credit Unions (ILCU) is a trade association for credit unions in Ireland. It operates in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It is an unincorporated body governed by a board of directors elected by member credit unions.

negative: Lafayette Federal Credit Union Lafayette Federal Credit Union (Lafayette Federal), is a credit union headquartered in Kensington, Maryland, chartered and regulated under the authority of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) of the U.S. Federal government. As of June 2013, Lafayette Federal had over $368 million USD in assets, and over 14,000 members.

negative: Letter of credit A letter of credit is a document from a bank guaranteeing that a seller will receive payment in full as long as certain delivery conditions have been met. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will cover the outstanding amount.They are often used in international transactions to ensure that payment will be received where the buyer and seller may not know each other and are operating in different countries.

negative: List of credit unions in the United States This is a list of credit unions in the United States, in which only notable credit unions and related organizations are included. A credit union is a member-owned financial cooperative, democratically controlled by its members, and operated for the purpose of promoting thrift, providing credit at competitive rates, and providing other financial services to its members. Credit unions in the United States may either be chartered by the federal government or a state government.

negative: Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (Colombia) The Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda y Crédito Público), is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for the financial and budgetary matters of the country as well as implementing the financial policies passed by Congress, equivalent to the finance ministries of other countries.The Ministry was created on 18 July 1923 by fusing together the existing Ministries of Finance and of the Treasury.The Ministry of Finance and Public Credit is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.

negative: Moody's Investors Service Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.

negative: Navy Federal Credit Union Navy Federal Credit Union (or Navy Federal) is a US credit union headquartered in Vienna, Virginia, chartered and regulated under the authority of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA).  Navy Federal is the largest natural member (or retail) credit union in the United States, both in asset size and in membership.  As of August 2015, Navy Federal had nearly $70 billion USD in assets, and nearly 5.7 million members.

negative: Offshore credit card Offshore credit cards are credit cards issued by an offshore bank in a jurisdiction that is different from that of the cardholder. Real 'unsecured' offshore credit cards with credit lines are very difficult for the average person to obtain because banks refuse to issue them. Most banks will need possession of reliable credit histories and a means of getting their money back.

negative: Online authorisation Online Authorization (or OLA) is a system used to verify a transaction on a payment card (e.g. credit card). The term 'on-line' refers to the real-time nature of the verification.

negative: Online banking Online banking is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a financial institution to conduct financial transactions on a website operated by the institution, such as a retail bank, virtual bank, credit union or building society.

negative: PayPal Credit PayPal Credit, formerly named Bill Me Later, is a proprietary payment method offered on the websites of many well-known merchants, including those of Wal-Mart, Home Depot, USPS, B&H Photo Video, Best Buy, Overstock.com, JetBlue Airways, Liquidation Channel, Jewelry Television and Hotels.com. The site, which offers consumers a line of revolving credit through Comenity Capital Bank, allows purchases to be made online without using a credit card.

negative: Port Credit GO Station Port Credit GO Station is a train and bus station in the GO Transit network located in the Port Credit area of Mississauga, Ontario in Canada. It is a stop on the Lakeshore West line train service.

negative: Precautionary demand Precautionary demand is the demand for financial assets, such as securities, money or foreign currency; it is money people hold in case of emergency.In economic theory, specifically Keynesian economics, precautionary demand is one of the determinants of demand for money (and credit), the others being transactions demand and speculative demand.The precautionary demand for money refers to real balances held for use in a contingency.

negative: Prince George's Community Federal Credit Union Prince George's Community Federal Credit Union (PGCFCU or Prince George's Community FCU), previously known as Prince George's Employees Federal Credit Union (PGEFCU), is a credit union in Prince George's County, Maryland. It was established on July 18, 1967. It has more than 14,000 members and assets above $90 million.

negative: Research and Development Expenditure Credit The Research and Development Expenditure Credit (RDEC), introduced in 2013, is a UK tax incentive designed to encourage large companies to invest in R&D in the UK. Companies can reduce their tax bill or claim payable cash credits as a proportion of their R&D expenditure.The initiative builds on the existing R&D Tax Credit scheme which has been in operation for large companies since 2002 and is one of a number of  technology tax relief schemes introduced by successive UK Governments.

negative: Revolving credit Revolving credit is a type of credit that does not have a fixed number of payments, in contrast to installment credit. Credit cards are an example of revolving credit used by consumers. Corporate revolving credit facilities are typically used to provide liquidity for a company's day-to-day operations.

negative: SafeAmerica Credit Union SafeAmerica Credit Union is a 310 million dollar, privately insured, state chartered 24,000 member, natural person credit union operating from six public and two company branches in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. The headquarters are in Pleasanton, California.

negative: Sarasota Coastal Credit Union Sarasota Coastal Credit Union (now Achieva Credit Union), was a state chartered credit union and was regulated under the authority of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). On November 1, 2009, Sarasota Coastal Credit Union merged with Achieva Credit Union, which is headquartered in Clearwater, Florida.  The merger created a credit union with more than $800 million in assets and more than 90,000 members in seven counties.

negative: Seasoned tradeline A seasoned tradeline is a line of credit that the borrower has held open in good standing for a long period of time, typically at least 2 years. The "seasoned" part simply implies that the account is aged or that it has an established history.

negative: Security Service Federal Credit Union Security Service Federal Credit Union (SSFCU) is a federally insured, federally chartered, $8 billion, natural person credit union with more than 925,000 members, operating from 70 service centers in the U.S. states of Texas, Colorado, and Utah.

negative: Seoul Metropolitan Subway The Seoul Metropolitan Subway has been described as the world's longest multi-operator metro system by route length.

negative: Ship of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed from the 17th through to the mid-19th century to take part in the naval tactic known as the line of battle, in which two columns of opposing warships would manoeuvre to bring the greatest weight of broadside firepower to bear.

negative: Signature line of credit A signature line of credit is a revolving line of credit that is not backed by collateral; i.e., the sole criterion for the decision to grant the loan and establish the terms thereof is an assessment of the customer's credit rating. Also known as an "unsecured line of credit".

negative: Social Credit Party of Canada The Social Credit Party of Canada (French: Parti Crédit social du Canada) colloquially known as the Socreds, was a conservative-populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform.  It was the federal wing of the Canadian social credit movement.

negative: Space Telescope Science Institute The Space Telescope Science Institute (STSCI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST; in orbit since 1990) and for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST; scheduled to be launched in 2018). STSCI is located on the Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus in Baltimore, Maryland and was established in 1981 as a community-based science center that is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA).

negative: Swedish Export Credit Corporation The Swedish Export Credit Corporation (Swedish: Aktiebolaget Svensk Exportkredit) is a state-owned corporation that serves as a export credit agency. It provides medium- and long-term export credits. It works with the Ministry of Finance.

negative: Tampa Bay Federal Credit Union Station Tampa Bay Federal Credit Union (also known as Federal Credit Union) is a TECO Line streetcar station in historic Ybor City. The station has one island platform, located on a passing siding, that allows for trams to pass by each other on the single track line. Just west of the stations, there are two pedestrian overpasses over 8th Avenue that are part of the Centro Ybor complex.

negative: Tax credit A tax credit is a tax incentive which allows certain taxpayers to subtract the amount of the credit from the total they owe the state.Tax credits can be granted in recognition of taxes already paid or to encourage behaviors like investment or parenting.

negative: Trade credit insurance Trade credit insurance, business credit insurance, export credit insurance, or credit insurance is an insurance policy and a risk management product offered by private insurance companies and governmental export credit agencies to business entities wishing to protect their accounts receivable from loss due to credit risks such as protracted default, insolvency or bankruptcy.

negative: Warehouse line of credit A warehouse line of credit is a credit line used by mortgage bankers. It is a short-term revolving credit facility extended by a financial institution to a mortgage loan originator for the funding of mortgage loans.The cycle starts with the mortgage banker taking a loan application from the property buyer. Then the loan originator secures an investor (often a large institutional bank) to whom the loan will be sold, whether directly or through a securitization.

negative: World Council of Credit Unions The World Council of Credit Unions (World Council or WOCCU) is the leading international trade association and development agency for credit unions and cooperative financial institutions. World Council promotes the self-sustainable development of credit unions and other financial cooperatives around the world to empower people through access to high quality and affordable financial services.


query: Who was the wife of U.S. president Lincoln?

positive: Lincoln Tomb Lincoln Tomb is the final resting place of the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, and three of their four sons. It is located in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois. At the close of the events marking Lincoln's death, his body was placed in a nearby receiving tomb and later in the state tomb. The mausoleum is owned and administered by the State of Illinois as Lincoln Tomb State Historic Site.

positive: List of First Ladies of the United States The First Lady of the United States is the hostess of the White House. The position is traditionally filled by the wife of the President of the United States, but, on occasion, the title has been applied to women who were not presidents’ wives, such as when the president was a bachelor or widower, or when the wife of the president was unable to fulfill the duties of the First Lady herself. The First Lady is not an elected position; it carries no official duties and receives no salary.

positive: List of Presidents of the United States Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and face of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.

positive: Mary Todd Lincoln Mary Ann Todd Lincoln (December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882) was the wife of the sixteenth President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, and was First Lady of the United States from 1861 to 1865.A member of a large, wealthy Kentucky family, Mary was well educated. After living in the Todd House and a finishing school during her teens, she moved to Springfield, Illinois where she lived for a time with her married sister Elizabeth Edwards.

negative: Abraham Lincoln's Clemency Abraham Lincoln's Clemency was a 1910 American film directed by Theodore Wharton and produced by Pathé Films. The plot revolves around US President Abraham Lincoln pardoning a hapless sentry who had fallen asleep while on duty during the height of the Civil War.  Due to the soldier's incompetence he is due to face the firing squad.  However, his mother pleads with the President to save her son, which, as the title suggests, he does.  The film was a single reel in length.

negative: Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address For the text of Lincoln's first Inaugural Address, see Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address at Wikisource.Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address was delivered                                                                                by                                                                                President Abraham Lincoln, on Monday, March 4, 1861, as part of his taking of the oath of office for his first term as the sixteenth President of the United States.

negative: Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln /ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis.

negative: Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue) Abraham Lincoln (1920) is a colossal seated figure of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) sculpted by Daniel Chester French (1850–1931) and carved by the Piccirilli Brothers. It is situated in the Lincoln Memorial (constructed 1914–22), on the National Mall, Washington, D.C., USA, and was unveiled in 1922. Stylistically, the work follows in the Beaux Arts and American Renaissance traditions.

negative: Abraham Lincoln (Flannery) Abraham Lincoln is a marble sculpture of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln by Irish artist Lot Flannery, located in front of the old District of Columbia City Hall in Washington, D.C., United States.  It was installed several blocks from Ford's Theatre, where Lincoln was assassinated.  Dedicated in 1868 on the third anniversary of Lincoln's death, dignitaries at the unveiling ceremony included President Andrew Johnson and Generals Ulysses S.

negative: Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park preserves two separate farm sites in LaRue County, Kentucky where Abraham Lincoln was born and lived until the age of seven. He was born at the Sinking Spring site south of Hodgenville and remained there until the family moved to the Knob Creek Farm northeast of Hodgenville when he was two years old, living there until he was seven years old. The Sinking Spring site is the location of the park visitors center.

negative: Abraham Lincoln II Abraham "Jack" Lincoln II (August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890), was the middle of three children of Robert Todd Lincoln and Mary Eunice Harlan, and the only grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Jack and his sisters were described as "bright, natural, unpretentious children, well liked by the people of the town". It was claimed that Jack was much like President Lincoln.

negative: Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum documents the life of the 16th U.S. President, Abraham Lincoln, and the course of the American Civil War. Combining traditional scholarship with 21st-century showmanship techniques, the museum ranks as one of the most visited presidential libraries.  Its library, in addition to housing an extensive collection on Lincoln, also houses the collection of the Illinois State Historical Library, founded by the state in 1889.

negative: Abraham Lincoln cultural depictions Since his death in 1865, Abraham Lincoln has been an iconic American figure depicted—usually favorably or heroically—in many forms. Lincoln has often been portrayed by Hollywood, almost always in a flattering light.

negative: African American African American, also referred to as Black American or Afro-American, is an ethnic group of Americans (citizens or residents of the United States) with total or partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. On average, African Americans are of 78 percent West African, 19 percent European and 3 percent Native American heritage, with very large variation between individuals.

negative: Amusia (album) Amusia is the first album by punk rock band Katastrophy Wife, released in 2001.

negative: Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). He was born near the end of the colonial era, somewhere near the then-unmarked border between North and South Carolina, into a recently immigrated Scots-Irish farming family of relatively modest means. During the American Revolutionary War Jackson, whose family supported the revolutionary cause, acted as a courier. He was captured, at age 13, and mistreated by his British captors.

negative: Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 –  July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson became president as he was vice president at the time of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded. The new president favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union.

negative: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln United States President Abraham Lincoln was shot on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre as the American Civil War was drawing to a close. The assassination occurred five days after the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, General Robert E. Lee, surrendered to Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army of the Potomac.Lincoln was the first American president to be assassinated.

negative: Assassination of John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife Nellie, in a presidential motorcade.

negative: Baltimore Plot The Baltimore Plot was an alleged conspiracy in late February 1861 to assassinate President-elect Abraham Lincoln en route to his inauguration. Allan Pinkerton, founder of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, played a key role by managing Lincoln's security throughout the journey.

negative: Bang (The Good Wife) "Bang" is the fifteenth episode of the first season of the American legal drama television series The Good Wife. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on March 2, 2010. In the episode, ex States Attorney Peter Florrick (Chris Noth) is released from prison to his home. He is confined by house arrest and starts working on restarting his legal career.

negative: Born to Laugh at Tornadoes Born To Laugh At Tornadoes is a 1983 album by the progressive pop band Was (Not Was). Rolling Stone declared it "conceptually, the best album of the year" shortly after its release.

negative: Clement Claiborne Clay Clement Claiborne Clay (December 13, 1816 – January 3, 1882) was a United States Senator (Democrat) from the state of Alabama from 1853 to 1861, and a Confederate States Senator from Alabama from 1861 to 1863.  His portrait appears on the Confederate one-dollar note (4th issue and later). After the war he and his wife Virginia were imprisoned for a time by the United States government at Fort Monroe, on the suspicion of having been involved in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.

negative: Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a one-room log cabin at Sinking Spring farm, south of Hodgenville, in Hardin County, Kentucky. After a land title dispute forced the family to leave, they relocated to Knob Creek farm, eight miles to the north. By 1814 Thomas Lincoln, Abraham's father, had lost most of his land in Kentucky in legal disputes over land titles.

negative: Edwin Stanton Edwin McMasters Stanton (December 19, 1814 – December 24, 1869) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War. Stanton's effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory.

negative: Eliza McCardle Johnson Eliza McCardle Johnson (October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876) was the First Lady of the United States and the wife of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States.

negative: Ellen Hamlin Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin (September 14, 1835 – February 1, 1925) was the second wife of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin who served in the first term of the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. They were married a year after the death of his first wife Sarah Jane Emery in 1855 who was also her half-sister. She had two children with Hannibal Hamlin: Hannibal Emery, who later became the attorney general of Maine, and Frank.

negative: First Family of the United States The First Family of the United States is the unofficial title for the family of the President of the United States, who is both head of state and head of government of the United States. Members of the First Family consist of the President, the First Lady of the United States, and any of their children.

negative: First Lady of the United States The First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is an unofficial title and position traditionally held by the wife of the president, concurrent with his term of office.  Historically, if a president is not married, or if the president's wife is unable to act as First Lady, the president usually asks a female relative or friend to act as White House hostess.

negative: First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of the United States took place on March 4, 1861 on the eve of American Civil War. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President.

negative: Fleas (The Good Wife) "Fleas" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American legal drama television series The Good Wife. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on March 9, 2010. In the episode, the firm defends an attorney charged with murder for allegedly providing a witness list to his drug dealer client, which resulted in the death of a federal witness.

negative: Fleetwood Lindley Fleetwood Herndon Lindley (April 4, 1887 – February 1, 1963) was the last surviving person to have looked upon the face of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln before his final burial at his tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery on September 26, 1901; Lindley was fourteen years old at the time.Lindley was born in Illinois, the son of Joseph Perry Lindley and Julia Herndon.

negative: Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln The funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln included a series of events held to mourn his death and memorialize him. Following Abraham Lincoln's death by assassination, funeral services were held in Washington, D.C., and then at additional locations as he was transported to his burial. The President was brought from the capital to the burial site in Lincoln's hometown of Springfield, Illinois, by funeral train, accompanied by dignitaries.

negative: George Atzerodt George Andreas Atzerodt (June 12, 1835 – July 7, 1865) was a conspirator, with John Wilkes Booth, in the assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Assigned to assassinate U.S. Vice President Andrew Johnson, he lost his nerve and did not make an attempt. He was executed along with three other conspirators by hanging.

negative: Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln is a stage show featuring an Audio-Animatronic version of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, best known for being presented at Disneyland since 1965. It was originally showcased as the prime feature of the State of Illinois Pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair. One year after its debut at the World's Fair, the show opened at Disneyland, where it has undergone several changes and periods of hiatus over the years. Today Great Moments with Mr.

negative: Hannibal Hamlin Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 – July 4, 1891) was the 15th Vice President of the United States (1861–1865), serving under President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.  He was the first Vice President from the Republican Party.Prior to his election in 1860, Hamlin served in the United States Senate, the House of Representatives, and, briefly, as the 26th Governor of Maine.

negative: Heights of presidents and presidential candidates of the United States A record of the heights of the Presidents of the United States and presidential candidates is useful for evaluating what role, if any, height plays in presidential elections.  Some observers have noted that the taller of the two major-party candidates tends to prevail, and argue this is due to the public's preference for taller candidates.The tallest U.S. President was Abraham Lincoln at 6 ft 4 in (193 cm), while the shortest was James Madison at 5 ft 4 in (163 cm).

negative: Henry Rathbone Henry Reed Rathbone (July 1, 1837 – August 14, 1911) was a United States military officer and diplomat who was present at the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Rathbone was sitting with his fiancée, Clara Harris, next to the President and his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, when John Wilkes Booth entered the president's box at Ford's Theatre and fatally shot Lincoln in the head. When Rathbone attempted to prevent Booth from fleeing the scene, Booth stabbed and seriously wounded him.

negative: Hildene Hildene, the Lincoln Family Home was the summer home of Robert Todd Lincoln and his wife Mary Harlan Lincoln, located in Manchester, Vermont.Robert Todd Lincoln was the eldest of the four sons of President Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary Todd Lincoln, and the only one of them to survive into adulthood. He first visited Manchester, Vermont at age 20 in the summer of 1863 when he, his brother Tad, and their mother stayed at the nearby Equinox House to escape the heat of Washington.

negative: Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013.  The wife of the 42nd President of the United States Bill Clinton, she was First Lady of the United States during his tenure from 1993 to 2001.

negative: Historical rankings of Presidents of the United States In political science, historical rankings of Presidents of the United States are surveys conducted in order to construct rankings of the success of individuals who have served as President of the United States. Ranking systems are usually based on surveys of academic historians and political scientists or popular opinion.  The rankings focus on the presidential achievements, leadership qualities, failures and faults.

negative: Hitting the Fan "Hitting the Fan" is the fifth episode of the fifth season of the American legal drama television series The Good Wife. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 27, 2013. The episode deals with Alicia and Cary forming their own firm and the conflicts this causes.The episode was written by Robert King and Michelle King, and directed by James Whitmore, Jr.

negative: Honey Lingers Honey Lingers is the second album from alternative rock band Voice of the Beehive. Released in 1991 on London Records, the album earned positive reviews from music critics and was a success on U.S. college radio stations.The first single, "Monsters and Angels", became the band's first entry on the U.S.

negative: Hugh McCulloch Hugh McCulloch (December 7, 1808 – May 24, 1895) was an American statesman who served two non-consecutive terms as U.S. Treasury Secretary under three presidents. He was opposed to the National Banking Act of 1864, and attempted to bring the United States back to the gold standard throughout his career.

negative: Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States took place on April 15, 1865 after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. The inauguration marked the commencement of the only term of Andrew Johnson as President. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office.As President Lincoln lay dying, Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay, and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him, it was reported, she screamed and demanded he be removed.

negative: Jefferson Davis Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who was U.S. Representative and Senator from Mississippi, U.S. Secretary of War, and the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union.

negative: John Adams John Adams, Jr. (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American lawyer, author, statesman, and diplomat. He served as the second President of the United States (1797–1801), the first Vice President (1789–1797), and as a Founding Father was a leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a political theorist in the Age of Enlightenment who promoted republicanism and a strong central government. His innovative ideas were frequently published.

negative: John Carroll Power John Carroll Power (September 19, 1819–January 11, 1894) was an American historian who served as the first custodian of the tomb of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois from its opening in 1874 to his death in 1894.

negative: John Miller Dickey Rev. John Miller Dickey, (December 15, 1806 — March 2, 1878) a Presbyterian minister, and his wife, Sarah Emlen Cresson, a Quaker, founded Ashmun Institute in 1854, later named Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.  They named it after  Jehudi Ashmun, a religious leader and social reformer.  They founded the school for the education of African Americans, who had few opportunities.  Dr.

negative: John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) was an American stage actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. Booth was a member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland and, by the 1860s, was a well-known actor.

negative: Kentucky in the American Civil War Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln recognized the importance of the Commonwealth when he declared "I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky." In a September 1861 letter to Orville Browning, Lincoln wrote:I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game. Kentucky gone, we cannot hold Missouri, nor Maryland. These all against us, and the job on our hands is too large for us.

negative: Lafayette S. Foster Lafayette Sabine Foster (November 22, 1806 – September 19, 1880) was a nineteenth-century American politician and lawyer from Connecticut. He served in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1867 and was a judge in the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1870 to 1876.Born in Franklin, Connecticut, Foster attended common schools as a child and graduated from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1828. He taught school in Providence for some time and studied law back in Norwich, Connecticut.

negative: Lew Bloom Lew Bloom (August 8, 1859 – December 12, 1929) was an American vaudeville performer and stage actor who popularized the the comical tramp character. After retiring from the stage in the 1910s, he became a prolific art collector and dealer and also painted his own original works.Decades after his death, art conservators discovered thay Bloom was the perpetrator of an art forgery involving an oil portrait that he claimed depicted the wife of President Abraham Lincoln, First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln.

negative: Lexington, Kentucky, in the American Civil War Lexington, Kentucky was a city of importance during the American Civil War, with notable residents participating on both sides of the conflict. These included John C. Breckinridge, Confederate generals John Hunt Morgan and Basil W. Duke, and the Todd family, who mostly served the Confederacy although one, Mary Todd Lincoln, was the first lady of the United States, wife of President Abraham Lincoln.

negative: Lincoln County, Arkansas Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,134. The county seat is Star City. Lincoln County is Arkansas's 65th county, formed on March 28, 1871, and named for Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States.

negative: Lincoln County, Idaho Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,208. The county seat and largest city is Shoshone. The county is named after President Abraham Lincoln.

negative: Lincoln Home National Historic Site Lincoln Home National Historic Site preserves the Springfield, Illinois home and a historic district where Abraham Lincoln lived from 1844 to 1861, before becoming the 16th President of the United States.  The presidential memorial includes the four blocks surrounding the home and a visitor center.

negative: Lincoln Homestead State Park Lincoln Homestead State Park is a state park located just north of Springfield, Kentucky in Washington County. The park encompasses 120 acres (49 ha), and features both historic buildings and reconstructions associated with Thomas Lincoln, father of President Abraham Lincoln.The two-story Francis Berry House is the only original structure; it was where Nancy Hanks, Abraham's mother, was working as a seamstress and living while being courted by Thomas Lincoln.

negative: Lincoln MKZ The Lincoln MKZ, initially named the Lincoln Zephyr, is a mid-size luxury car from Lincoln. The MKZ was the first of the "MK"-series of Lincoln luxury vehicles, and has since been followed by the MKX crossover, MKS full-size sedan, MKT full-size crossover and MKC compact crossover.A hybrid version was launched in the U.S. market in September 2010.

negative: Lincoln assassination flags The Lincoln assassination flags were the five flags which decorated the presidential box of Ford's Theatre, and which were present during John Wilkes Booth's assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. Lincoln and his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, were in this box watching a production of Our American Cousin. Booth's spur was allegedly caught by one of the flags when he began his escape from the theatre and broke his leg; this part of the story, however, is disputed.

negative: List of Presidents of the United States who died in office During the history of the United States, eight presidents have died in office. Of those eight, four were assassinated and four died of natural causes. In all eight cases, the Vice President of the United States took over the office of presidency as part of the United States presidential line of succession.William Henry Harrison holds the record for shortest term served, holding the office of presidency for 31 days before dying.

negative: List of The Good Wife episodes The Good Wife is a legal drama television series created by Robert King and Michelle King, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009.  The show tells the story of Alicia Florrick (Julianna Margulies), whose husband Peter (Chris Noth) has been jailed following a very public sex and corruption scandal.

negative: List of U.S. counties named after U.S. Presidents This is a list of U.S. counties which are named for Presidents of the United States.

negative: List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots Assassination attempts and plots on Presidents of the United States have been numerous: more than 20 attempts to kill sitting and former presidents, as well as the Presidents-elect, are known. Four sitting presidents have been killed, all of them by gunshot: Abraham Lincoln (the 16th President), James A. Garfield (the 20th President), William McKinley (the 25th President) and John F. Kennedy (the 35th President).

negative: List of federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln Following is a list of all United States federal judges appointed by President Abraham Lincoln during his presidency. In total Lincoln appointed 32 federal judges, including four Associate Justices and one Chief Justice to the Supreme Court of the United States, and 27 judges to the United States district courts. Lincoln appointed no judges to the United States circuit courts during his time in office.

negative: List of photographs of Abraham Lincoln "Lincoln's features were the despair of every artist who undertook his portrait.  The writer saw nearly a dozen, one after another, soon after the first nomination to the presidency, attempt the task. They put into their pictures the large, rugged features, and strong, prominent lines; they made measurements to obtain exact proportions; they "petrified" some single look, but the picture remained hard and cold.

negative: Martha Ellen Young Truman Martha Ellen Young Truman (November 25, 1852 – July 26, 1947) was the mother of U.S. president Harry Truman.  Martha Ellen Young was born in Jackson County, Missouri, on November 25, 1852, to Solomon Young, a successful farmer who also had a business running Conestoga wagon trains along the Overland Trail, and his wife Harriet Louisa Gregg. The family were southern sympathizers in the U. S. Civil War and several relatives served in the Confederate Army.

negative: Mary Eunice Harlan Mary Eunice Harlan (September 25, 1846 – March 31, 1937) was the daughter of United States Senator James Harlan and the wife of Robert T. Lincoln.

negative: Out Come the Freaks "Out Come the Freaks" is the name of a trilogy of songs by art-funk ensemble Was (Not Was).

negative: Penny (United States coin) The United States one-cent coin, commonly known as a penny, is a unit of currency equaling one-hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is ¢. Its obverse has featured the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of his birth. From 1959 (the sesquicentennial of Lincoln's birth) to 2008, the reverse featured the Lincoln Memorial.

negative: Petersen House The Petersen House is a 19th-century federal style rowhouse located at 516 10th Street NW in Washington, D.C. On April 15, 1865, United States President Abraham Lincoln died there after being shot the previous evening at Ford's Theatre located across the street. The house was built in 1849 by William A. Petersen, a German tailor.

negative: Presidency of Abraham Lincoln The presidency of Abraham Lincoln began on March 4, 1861, and ended with Lincoln's death by assassination on April 15, 1865, one month into his second term. This article details President Lincoln's actions during the American Civil War. Lincoln, despite being little prepared for it by prior military experience, was first and foremost a war president.

negative: President of the United States The President of the United States of America (POTUS) is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.The President of the United States is often considered one of the world's most powerful people.

negative: Presidential memorials in the United States The Presidential memorials in the United States honor the various Presidents of the United States and seek to perpetuate their legacies.

negative: Pritzker Military Presents Pritzker Military Presents is an original programming series produced by the Pritzker Military Museum & Library. It airs on PBS channel WYCC weekly and there are currently over 400 episodes. Weekly topics cover various parts of military history.

negative: Reportedly haunted locations in Washington, D.C. There are a number of reportedly haunted locations in Washington, D.C. The city is the capital of the United States, and was founded (pursuant to an Act of Congress) on July 16, 1790. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the Territory of Columbia until an act of Congress in 1871 effectively merged George Town, the City of Washington, and the Territory of Columbia into a single entity called the District of Columbia.

negative: Robert King Stone Robert King Stone (December 11, 1822 – April 23, 1872) was a 19th-century professor at Columbian  College Medical School ( predecessor to today's George Washington University School of Medicine) and was considered “the dean of the Washington medical community.” Stone served U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the years of the American Civil War and was present at Lincoln's deathbed and at his autopsy in 1865.The son of engraver William J. Stone, Robert King Stone was born in Washington, DC.

negative: Robert Todd Lincoln Robert Todd Lincoln (August 1, 1843 – July 26, 1926) was an American politician, lawyer, and businessman.  He was the first son of President Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd Lincoln.

negative: Rutherford B. Hayes Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877–1881). As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction.Hayes, an attorney in Ohio, became city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer.

negative: Sarah Bush Lincoln Sarah Bush Lincoln (December 13, 1788 - April 12, 1869) was the second wife of Thomas Lincoln and stepmother of President of the United States Abraham Lincoln. She was born in Kentucky, to Christopher and Hannah Bush. She married her first husband, Daniel Johnston, in 1806, and they had three children. Daniel Johnston died in 1816, and in 1819, she married Thomas Lincoln, joining his family with her three children.

negative: Sarah Lincoln Grigsby Sarah Lincoln Grigsby (February 10, 1807 – January 20, 1828) was the older sister of the sixteenth president Abraham Lincoln and cared for him when they were young.

negative: Selma Mansion Selma Mansion is one of the oldest and most historic structures in Norristown, Pennsylvania.  Located on the western edge of the town, Selma was built by General Andrew Porter in 1794.  Porter was a soldier during the American Revolutionary War and helped found the Continental Marines, forerunner of the U.S. Marine Corps.

negative: Shake Your Head "Shake Your Head" is a song by the band Was (Not Was). It was originally released in 1983 on the album Born to Laugh at Tornadoes. In 1992, it was re-recorded and remixed by house music producer Steve "Silk" Hurley, and features actress Kim Basinger alongside a re-recorded Ozzy Osbourne on vocals. It appeared on the group's compilation album, Hello Dad... I'm in Jail.

negative: Spy in the House of Love (song) "Spy in the House of Love" is a song by art-funk ensemble Was (Not Was). It was released in 1987, but became a large hit for the group in the U.S. and the UK in 1988.

negative: Tad Lincoln Thomas "Tad" Lincoln III (April 4, 1853 – July 15, 1871) was the fourth and youngest son of Abraham and Mary Lincoln. The nickname "Tad" was given to him by his father, who found him "as wiggly as a tadpole" when he was a baby. Lincoln was known to be impulsive and unrestrained, and he did not attend school during his father's lifetime.

negative: Team of Rivals Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln is a 2005 book by Pulitzer Prize-winning American historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, published by Simon & Schuster. The book is a biographical portrait of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and some of the men who served with him in his cabinet from 1861 to 1865. Three of his Cabinet members had previously run against Lincoln in the 1860 election: Attorney General Edward Bates, Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P.

negative: Teresa Bagioli Sickles Teresa Bagioli Sickles (1836–1867) was the wife of Democratic New York State Assemblyman, U.S. Representative, and later U.S. Army Major General Daniel E. Sickles. She gained notoriety in 1859, when her husband stood trial for the murder of her lover, Philip Barton Key, son of Francis Scott Key. This trial was the first known use of the temporary insanity defense in American jurisprudence.

negative: The Last Call (The Good Wife) "The Last Call" is the sixteenth episode of the fifth season of the American legal drama television series The Good Wife. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on March 30, 2014. The episode deals with the aftermath of Will Gardner being killed in the previous episode. It also concerns his former client, and killer, Jeffrey Grant and what motivated his behavior. The episode was written by Robert King and Michelle King, and directed by Jim McKay.

negative: The Reprieve: An Episode in the Life of Abraham Lincoln The Reprieve: An Episode in the Life of Abraham Lincoln was a 1908 film that included US President Abraham Lincoln pardoning a sleeping sentry. It is possibly the first motion picture based on his life.

negative: Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt (/ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or TR, was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States, from 1901 to 1909. A leader of the Republican Party, he was a leading force of the Progressive Era. Born a sickly child with debilitating asthma, Roosevelt embraced a strenuous lifestyle and successfully regained his health.

negative: Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13 [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). He was an ardent proponent of democracy and embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of the individual. At the beginning of the American Revolution, he represented Virginia in the Continental Congress, and then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781).

negative: Thomas Lincoln Thomas Lincoln (January 6, 1778 – January 17, 1851) was an American farmer, carpenter and father of President Abraham Lincoln. Although Thomas descended from colonial Puritans and Quakers, he was a staunch church of Christ member. Unlike some of his ancestors, Thomas could not write, but he was a well-respected community and church member known for his honesty.

negative: U.S. presidents on U.S. postage stamps For more than 160 years the one subject that has appeared most frequently on the face of U.S. Postage stamps is that of American Presidents. When the U.S. Post Office released its first two postage stamps in 1847, George Washington, along with Benjamin Franklin, were the two subjects depicted on these premier issues. The advent of Presidents on postage stamps has been definitive to U.S. Postage stamp design since the first issues were released and set the premise that U.S.

negative: Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–77). As Commanding General, Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. He implemented Congressional Reconstruction, often at odds with Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson.

negative: United States five-dollar bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. The current $5 bill features the 16th U.S. President (1861–65), Abraham Lincoln's portrait on the front and the Lincoln Memorial on the back. All $5 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. Five dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in red straps of 100 bills each.The $5 bill is sometimes nicknamed a \fin\"."

negative: United States presidential election, 1860 The United States presidential election of 1860  was the 19th quadrennial presidential election. The election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860, and served as the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. The United States had been divided during the 1850s on questions surrounding the expansion of slavery and the rights of slave owners. In 1860, these issues broke the Democratic Party into Northern and Southern factions, and a new Constitutional Union Party appeared.

negative: United States presidential election, 1864 The United States presidential election of 1864 was the 20th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1864. Incumbent president, Republican Abraham Lincoln, was running for re-election against Democratic candidate George B. McClellan, who ran as the "peace candidate" without personally believing in his party's platform.Lincoln was re-elected president by a landslide in the Electoral College.

negative: Walk the Dinosaur "Walk the Dinosaur" is a hit single recorded and released by the band Was (Not Was) in 1987, later featured on their hit 1988 album, What Up, Dog?.

negative: William H. Crook William H. Crook (October 15, 1839 – March 13, 1915) was one of President Abraham Lincoln's bodyguards in 1865. After Lincoln's assassination (while Crook was off duty), he continued to work in the White House, for a total of over 50 years, serving 12 presidents.Presidential security had been lax, even during the height of the American Civil War. Throngs of people entered the White House every day.

negative: William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska, and a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as the Party's candidate for President of the United States (1896, 1900 and 1908). He served two terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska and was United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1915).