query: But experts say the energy transition needs to speed up drastically to head off the worst effects of climate change.

positive: Scientific consensus on climate change There is currently a strong scientific consensus that the Earth is warming and that this warming is mainly caused by human activities. This consensus is supported by various studies of scientists' opinions and by position statements of scientific organizations, many of which explicitly agree with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) synthesis reports.  Nearly all actively publishing climate scientists (97–98%) support the consensus on anthropogenic climate change, and the remaining 2% of contrarian studies either cannot be replicated or contain errors.

positive: Abrupt climate change An abrupt climate change occurs when the climate system is forced to transition to a new climate state at a rate that is determined by the climate system energy-balance , and which is more rapid than the rate of change of the external forcing . Past events include the end of the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse , Younger Dryas , Dansgaard-Oeschger events , Heinrich events and possibly also the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum . The term is also used within the context of global warming to describe sudden climate change that is detectable over the time-scale of a human lifetime . One proposed reason for the observed abrupt climate change is that feedback loops within the climate system both enhance small perturbations and cause a variety of stable states .   Timescales of events described as ` abrupt ' may vary dramatically . Changes recorded in the climate of Greenland at the end of the Younger Dryas , as measured by ice-cores , imply a sudden warming of + 10 C-change within a timescale of a few years . Other abrupt changes are the + 4 C-change on Greenland 11,270 years ago or the abrupt + 6 C-change warming 22,000 years ago on Antarctica . By contrast , the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum may have initiated anywhere between a few decades and several thousand years . Finally , Earth Systems models project that under ongoing greenhouse gas emissions as early as 2047 , the Earth 's near surface temperature could depart from the range of variability in the last 150 years , affecting over 3 billion people and most places of great species diversity on Earth .

negative: Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change The Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change is a post in the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet . The Shadow Secretary helps hold the Energy and Climate Change Secretary and junior ministers to account and is the lead spokesperson on energy and climate change issues for his or her party . Should the relevant party take office , the Shadow Secretary would be a likely candidate to become Energy Secretary .   A previous Official Opposition post of Shadow Secretary of State for Energy existed until the Department of Energy was merged into the Department of Trade and Industry ( DTI ) in 1992 . In 2008 , the Department for Energy and Climate Change was split from the DTI 's successor department , effectively reviving the former department and the need for an Opposition shadow .   Following Theresa May 's appointment as Prime Minister in July 2016 , the department was disbanded and merged with the Department for Business , Innovation and Skills to form the Department for Business , Energy and Industrial Strategy , with the consequent ending of this shadow post .

negative: Ottmar Edenhofer Ottmar Georg Edenhofer ( born in 8 July 1961 in Gangkofen , Lower Bavaria , Germany ) is one of the world 's leading experts on climate change policy , environmental and energy policy , and energy economics . Edenhofer currently holds the professorship of the Economics of Climate Change at the Technical University of Berlin . He is deputy director and chief economist of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ) as well as director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change ( MCC ) . From 2008 to 2015 he served as one of the co-chairs of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Working Group III `` Mitigation of Climate Change '' .   Among other functions , he is a member of the OECD Advisory Council `` Growth , Investment and the Low-Carbon Transition '' , a member of the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices , a member of the Advisory Committee of the Green Growth Knowledge Platform ( GGKP ) , and a member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering ( acatech ) .

negative: European Climate Foundation The European Climate Foundation is an international organisation whose aims are to promote climate and energy policies that it says would greatly reduce Europe 's greenhouse gas emissions and to help Europe play a stronger international leadership role in mitigating climate change . According to the grop , key elements of a sustainable energy future include :  A substantial increase in energy efficiency  A successful transition from conventional to renewable energy  Maintenance of the earth 's ecological systems and the life-supporting services they provide  Equitable distribution of energy services to different segments of the population , both internationally and within nations .   The European Climate Foundation is funded by the Nationale Postcode Loterij , The Arcadia Fund , The Children 's Investment Fund Foundation , The ClimateWorks Foundation , The McCall MacBain Foundation , Oak Foundation , The Stordalen Foundation and The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation .

negative: Renewable energy in the Philippines Renewable energy accounts for 26.44 % of the total electrical energy needs in the Philippines , according to a 2013 survey . Renewable energy sources provided 19,903 gigawatt-hours of electrical energy out of a total need of 75,266 gigawatt-hours in 2013 . There are five main types of renewable energy used in the Philippines , hydropower , geothermal power , wind power , solar power and biomass power .   There has been pressure to increase the Philippines ' usage of renewable energy sources in recent years due to the negative effects of fossil fuels -- such as pollution , accelerated climate change and fluctuating prices . A number of laws have been passed by the Philippine Congress to support the use of renewable energy including the Electric Power Industry Reform Act ( 2001 ) , which promotes the use of local and sustainable energy sources to replace imported fossil fuel sources ; the Biofuels Act ( 2006 ) , which encourages the use of biomass fuels ; the Renewable Energy Act ( 2008 ) ; and the Climate Change Act ( 2009 ) , which provides a legal basis for the tackling of climate change through sustainable development .   The laws enacted by Congress have resulted in a significant degree of cooperation from private companies producing renewable energy , many of which have contracts with the Philippine Government .

negative: Varun Sivaram Varun Sivaram is the Douglas Dillon fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations ( CFR ) , a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization . He is the acting director of the CFR program on energy security and climate change and an expert on clean energy technology , climate change , and sustainable urbanization .

negative: Environmental issues in Haiti Environmental issues in Haiti include a severe deforestation problem , overpopulation , a lack of sanitation , natural disasters , and food insecurity . A major reason for these environmental issues is that there is not sufficient protection or management of the country 's natural resources . Other environmental issues , such as decreases in precipitation and more severe natural disasters , will likely arise in Haiti as a result of climate change . Experts agree that Haiti needs to adopt new policies to address both the issues that already exist and to prepare for the effects of climate change .

negative: A Friend of the Earth T. Coraghessan Boyle 's novel A Friend of the Earth ( 2000 ) is a story of environmental destruction . The novel is set in 2025 ; as a result of global warming and the greenhouse effect , the climate has drastically changed , and , accordingly , biodiversity is a thing of the past .

negative: Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Her Majesty 's Principal Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change was a British government cabinet position from 2008 to 2016 . The Department for Energy and Climate Change was created on 3 October 2008 when former Prime Minister Gordon Brown reshuffled his Cabinet .   The Energy and Climate Change Secretary revived the earlier post of the Secretary of State for Energy as head of the Department of Energy , existing from 1974 to 1992 . After which , the Department of Energy was merged into the Department of Trade and Industry under the Conservative government of Sir John Major in 1992 .   Sixteen years later , and immediately prior to the creation of the new department , energy policy was the responsibility of the Department for Business , Enterprise and Regulatory Reform ( itself now a defunct government department , superseded by the Department for Business , Innovation and Skills ) .   In 2010 , Lord Marland was made Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State .   On 3 February 2012 , Chris Huhne resigned from the post after it was announced that he would be prosecuted for perverting the course of justice , in relation to accusations that he passed on speeding penalties to his ex-wife to avoid losing his own licence . The post was taken over by Ed Davey on the same day .   The post was formed into the new Department for Business , Energy and Industrial Strategy in July 2016 .

negative: Climate Capitalism Climate Capitalism : Capitalism in the Age of Climate Change is a 2011 book by L. Hunter Lovins and Boyd Cohen . It presents positive stories and examples of how profit-seeking companies are helping to save the planet , and says that `` the best way to rebuild America 's economy , cities and job markets is to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy resources , whether climate change is happening or not '' . However , reviewer Gail Whiteman is unconvinced by the argument that naked greed and market forces will drive businesses to cut their greenhouse gas emissions .

negative: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions ( C2ES ) is an environmental nonprofit organization based in Arlington , Virginia . Launched in 2011 , C2ES is the successor to the Pew Center on Global Climate Change . C2ES works closely with policymakers and stakeholders to promote pragmatic , effective policies at the state , national and international levels .

negative: Kirk R. Smith Kirk R. Smith is an expert on the health and climate effects of household energy use in developing nations . He is currently a professor of Global Environmental Health at the University of California , Berkeley , where his research focuses on the relationships among environmental quality , health , resource use , climate , development , and policy in developing countries . Smith contributed a great deal to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , and the work of the IPCC ( including the contributions of many scientists ) was recognised by the joint award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize . Smith is a recipient of the 2012 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement for his work with cookstoves , health , and climate . He is also credited with designing and implementing the first randomized controlled trial of the health effects of indoor air pollution ( IAP ) from cookstoves .

negative: Energy in Ireland Energy in Ireland describes energy and electricity production , consumption and importing in the Republic of Ireland .   The Department of Communications , Climate Change and Natural Resources ( Irish : An Roinn Cumarsáide , Athrú Aeráide agus Achmhainní Nádúrtha ) is a department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors and regulates , protects and develops the natural resources of Ireland . The head of the department is the Minister for Communications , Climate Change and Natural Resources who is assisted by one Minister of State .   The Department of Communications , Climate Change and Natural Resources oversees the formulation and implementation of policies concerning Ireland 's coal , gas , peat , oil , electricity and renewable energy supply . The department strives to protect Ireland 's energy supply , generation , security , affordability and sustainability , and to ensure that Ireland complies with international energy and climate change policies .

negative: Prince's Rainforests Project The Prince 's Rainforests Project ( PRP ) was set up in the UK in 2007 by Charles , Prince of Wales following reports from leading climate change experts , including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , to promote awareness of the urgent need to take action against tropical deforestation . The Prince of Wales has long been concerned about climate change and about how destruction of the world 's rainforests contributes to rising temperatures and sea levels .   The project is working with governments , businesses and non-profit organisations around the world to quickly find solutions to deforestation , with the ambition of `` making the trees worth more alive than dead '' .   On 5 May 2009 , The Prince 's Rainforests Project launched a global awareness campaign to improve understanding of the link between rainforests and climate change and the need for urgent action to stop deforestation in the run up to the climate change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009 . A number of celebrities worked with the PRP to promote the campaign .   The Prince 's Rainforest Project is now a part of the International Sustainability Unit , which was also created by the Prince in relation to international deforestation .

negative: Shobhakar Dhakal Shobhakar Dhakal ( born in Nepal ) is the Head of Department of Energy , Environment and Climate Change at the Asian Institute of Technology , Thailand . His main areas of expertise are energy and climate change policies . Dhakal actively contributes to international and scientific arena . He was the Coordinating Lead Author of the Nobel Prize winning 5th Mitigation Assessment Report written by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change ( released in April 2014 ) for the Chapter on Human Settlements , Infrastructure and Spatial Planning .

negative: Effects of climate change on island nations Climate change is producing drastic changes to Earth processes and changing Earth 's environmental status quo . Especially pertinent to human development is the threat of climate change on island nations . As sea levels continue to rise , island peoples and cultures are being threatened . As the former President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands , Christopher Loeak , noted `` In the last year alone , my country has suffered through unprecedented droughts in the north , and the biggest ever king tides in the south ; and we have watched the most devastating typhoons in history leave a trail of death and destruction across the region . '' Efforts to combat theses environmental changes are ongoing and multinational . Particularly notable is the adoption of the Paris agreement at the UN Climate Summit in Paris in 2015 , which by no means an unqualified success , is certainly a step in the right direction in regards to fighting the effects of climate by aiming to slow the pace of global warming .

negative: Climate change in Pakistan Pakistan makes a tiny contribution to total global greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions , less than 1 % ( among the lowest in the world ) but it is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change , and it has very low technical and financial capacity to adapt to its adverse impacts .  The effects of climate change and global warming on Pakistan , the melting of glaciers in the Himalayas , threatening the volumetric flow rate of many of the most important rivers of Pakistan . In Pakistan , such effects are projected to impact millions of lives . As a result of ongoing climate change , the climate of Pakistan has become increasingly volatile over the past several decades ; this trend is expected to continue .   Climate Change Mitigation Pakistan 's greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions are low compared to international standards . In 2008 Pakistan 's total GHG emissions were 310 million tons of CO2 equivalent . These comprised : CO2 54 % ; Methane ( CH4 ) 36 % ; Nitrous Oxide ( N2O ) 9 % ; Carbon Monoxide ( CO ) 0.7 % ; and Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds 0.3 % . ( Source : National GHG inventory 2008 ) . The energy sector is the single largest source of GHG emission in Pakistan ; it accounts for nearly 51 % of these emissions and is followed by the agriculture sector ( 39 % ) , industrial processes ( 6 % ) , land use , land use change and forestry ( LULUCF ) ( 3 % ) emissions and waste ( 1 % ) ( Source : National GHG inventory 2008 ) . As such , the most important targets for mitigation efforts focused on reduction of GHG emissions are the energy and agriculture sectors . In the energy sector , integration of climate change and energy policy objectives is particularly important as today 's investment will `` lock in '' the infrastructure , fuel and technologies to be used for decades to come . Similarly , the building and transport infrastructure put in place today should meet the design needs of the future . Therefore , greater attention must be paid to energy efficiency requirements in building codes and long-term transport planning .

negative: Michael Schlesinger Dr. Michael Earl Schlesinger ( born February 23 , 1943 ) is a Professor of Atmospheric Sciences and director of the Climate Research Group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . He received his Ph.D. ( meteorology ) in 1976 from the University of California , Los Angeles .   Michael Schlesinger is an expert in the modeling , simulation and analysis of climate and climate change , with interests in simulating and understanding the climates of the geologic past and possible future climates resulting from increased concentrations of greenhouse gases and human-made aerosols .   He has been instrumental in developing a range of simple and complex climate models , which have been used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Energy Modeling Forum . His research currently focuses on : ( 1 ) simulating and understanding the effects on climate of a human-induced melting of the Greenland ice sheet ; ( 2 ) simulating and understanding the coupled climate-chemistry system , including the influences of the Sun - both irradiance and energetic electron precipitation - and volcanoes ; ( 3 ) understanding and reducing the uncertainty in the estimation of climate sensitivity and climate feedbacks ; and ( 4 ) performing integrative assessment of climate change , including further development of the robust adaptive decision strategy for mitigating and adapting to human-induced climate change .   He is known for his work on oscillations in the global climate system , on estimating the climate sensitivity , and on seasonal climate change .   He has edited four books , most recently Human-induced climate change : An interdisciplinary assessment . He regularly appears in the media .

negative: 100% renewable energy The endeavor to use 100 % renewable energy for electricity , heating and cooling , and transport is motivated by global warming , pollution and other environmental issues , as well as economic and energy security concerns . Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system . In 2013 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand . Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even advocates anticipated .   In 2014 , renewable sources such as wind , geothermal , solar , biomass , and burnt waste provided 19 % of the total energy consumed worldwide , with roughly half of that coming from traditional use of biomass . The most important sector is electricity with a renewable share of 22.8 % , most of it coming from hydropower with a share of 16.6 % , followed by wind with 3.1 % . There are many places around the world with grids that are run almost exclusively on renewable energy . At the national level , at least 30 nations already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 % of the energy supply .   Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow of Princeton University have developed a series of `` Climate stabilization wedges '' that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change , and `` renewable energy sources , '' in aggregate , constitute the largest number of their `` wedges . ''   Mark Z. Jacobson , professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy program , says that producing all new energy with wind power , solar power , and hydropower by 2030 is feasible , and that existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050 . Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be `` primarily social and political , not technological or economic '' . Jacobson says that energy costs today with a wind , solar , and water system should be similar to today 's energy costs from other optimally cost-effective strategies . The main obstacle against this scenario is the lack of political will .   Similarly , in the United States , the independent National Research Council has noted that `` sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change , energy security , and the escalation of energy costs ... Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States , taken collectively , can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand . ''   The main barriers to the widespread implementation of large-scale renewable energy and low-carbon energy strategies are political rather than technological . According to the 2013 Post Carbon Pathways report , which reviewed many international studies , the key roadblocks are : climate change denial , the fossil fuels lobby , political inaction , unsustainable energy consumption , outdated energy infrastructure , and financial constraints .

negative: Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration The Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration was created as part of the Clear Skies Initiative in February 2002 by George W. Bush , as a Cabinet-level effort to coordinate climate change science and technology research .   The White House says :  `` The Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of Energy will lead the effort , in close coordination with the President 's Science Advisor . The research effort will continue to be coordinated through the National Science and Technology Council in accordance with the Global Change Research Act of 1990 . ''

negative: Climate Finance Climate finance refers to financing channeled by national , regional and international entities for climate change mitigation and adaptation projects and programs . They include climate specific support mechanisms and financial aid for mitigation and adaptation activities to spur and enable the transition towards low-carbon , climate-resilient growth and development through capacity building , R&D and economic development . The term has been used in a narrow sense to refer to transfers of public resources from developed to developing countries , in light of their UN Climate Convention obligations to provide `` new and additional financial resources , '' and in a wider sense to refer to all financial flows relating to climate change mitigation and adaptation .   Finance is sourced from public , private and public-private sectors and can be channelled through various intermediaries , notably BFIs , MFIs , development cooperation agencies , the UNFCCC ( various funds including those managed by the Global Environment Facility ) , non-governmental organisations and the private sector . The financials flows can flow from developed to developing countries ( North-South ) , from developing to developing countries ( South-South ) , from developed to developed countries ( North-North ) and domestic climate finance flows in developed and developing countries .   According to the Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment Report 2011 , investments in renewable energy in 2010 reached a record of USD 211 billion ( not including large hydropower ) . These amounts far exceed existing dedicated resources and those proposed under the developed world at the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) Cancún Agreements .   The estimations for the needed financing for climate change vary according to the geographic , sectorial and activity coverage , timescale and phasing , target and the underlying assumptions . The 2010 the World Development Report preliminary estimates of financing needs for mitigation and adaptation activities in developing countries range from USD 140-175 billion per year for mitigation over the next 20 years with associated financing needs of USD 265-565 billion and USD30 -- 100 billion a year over the period 2010 - 2050 for adaptation .  The International Energy Agency 's 2011 World Energy Outlook ( WEO ) estimates that in order to meet growing demand for energy through 2035 , USD 16.9 trillion in new investment for new power generation is projected , with renewable energy ( RE ) comprising 60 % of the total . The capital required to meet projected energy demand through 2030 amounts to $ 1.1 trillion per year on average , distributed ( almost evenly ) between the large emerging economies ( China , India , Brazil , etc. ) and including the remaining developing countries .

negative: Energy and Climate Change Select Committee The Energy and Climate Change Select Committee was a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom that came into existence on 1 January 2009 .

negative: Paul J. Crutzen Paul Jozef Crutzen ( -LSB- pʌul ˈjoːzəf ˈkrɵtsə ( n ) -RSB- ; born 3 December 1933 ) is a Dutch , Nobel Prize-winning , atmospheric chemist . He is known for work on climate change research and for popularizing the term Anthropocene to describe a proposed new era when human actions have a drastic effect on the Earth .

negative: 2015 Speed Energy Formula Off-Road season The 2015 Speed Energy Formula Off-Road presented By Traxxas season was the third season of the Speed Energy Formula Off-Road series , and second with the name . Sheldon Creed won the championship .

negative: Fatima Denton Fatima Denton is the Co-ordinator for the African Climate Policy Centre ( ACPC ) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa ( UNECA ) , based in Addis Ababa , Ethiopia . She directs a special initiatives division focused on innovation , science , technology and natural resource management . She partners with countries such as Benin and Liberia to develop and implement country needs assessment missions .   Fatima Denton writes about topics including renewable energy , sustainable development , climate change , gender and climate change , climate change adaptation , vulnerability , food security and water and energy poverty . She is a lead author for Working Group II 's Fifth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , and for the IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation ( SRREN ) . She has served on a number of scientific committees including the Independent Science Panel ( ISP ) of the CGIAR Climate Change and Food Security Programme ( CCAFS ) .   Denton was the 2015 Barbara Ward Lecturer , challenging policy-makers , researchers , and academics in London to reexamine Africa and its relationship to climate change . She is a speaker at the 2016 Borlaug Dialogue International Symposium , one of several `` Women Leaders Driving Agricultural Transformation in Africa '' .

negative: Fee and dividend Fee and Dividend or Carbon Fee and Dividend ( CF&D ) is a market-based mechanism for reducing the carbon emissions that help to drive anthropogenic climate change . Carbon Fee and Dividend begins with levying imposing a progressively-rising fee on carbon-based fuels , then returning some or all of the fees collected to the public as a regular energy dividend . This is intended to incentivize a shift to low-carbon energy while protecting consumers from any increases in the costs of carbon-based fuels .   Designed to maintain or improve economic vitality while speeding the transition to a sustainable energy economy , Carbon Fee and Dividend has been proposed as an alternative to emission reduction mechanisms such as cap and trade or a straightforward carbon tax .

negative: Minister of State at the Department of Energy and Climate Change The position Minister of State at the Department of Energy and Climate Change was a junior ministerial position in the Government of the United Kingdom . Holders of this office deputised for the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change . When the DECC was dissolved in 2016 this office fell out of use .

negative: Climate Change Bill Climate Change Bill may refer to :   American Clean Energy and Security Act  The Bill for the Climate Change Act 2008

negative: Kinetic energy In physics , the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion .  It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity . Having gained this energy during its acceleration , the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes . The same amount of work is done by the body in decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest .   In classical mechanics , the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is . In relativistic mechanics , this is a good approximation only when v is much less than the speed of light .   The standard unit of kinetic energy is the joule .

negative: The Adaptation Fund The Adaptation Fund is an international fund that finances projects and programs aimed at helping developing countries to adapt to the harmful effects of climate change . It is set up under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) .

negative: 2017 Speed Energy Formula Off-Road season The 2017 Speed Energy Formula Off-Road presented By Traxxas season was the fifth season of the Speed Energy Formula Off-Road series , and fourth with the name .

negative: Climate Change TV Climate-ChangeTV was the world 's first web channel specific to climate change videos . It contains interviews from heads of state , government officials and negotiators , NGO 's , Civil Society and business professionals with a range of views on the climate change negotiations .   It is hosted by Responding to Climate Change , an NGO and Official Observer to the United Nations Framework on the Convention on Climate Change   RTCC provides a daily news and analysis service - following latest developments in climate policy , research and other aspects of the climate debate . In February this year they submitted a series of proposals to the UNFCCC on raising the ambition of the Durban Platform - which had been agreed at COP17 .   The Studio is run for the UNFCCC at the annual COP . The interviews are hosted on RTCC and the UNFCCC 's studio portal .   It provides for one-on-one video interviews with a wide array of stakeholders from civil society , intergovernmental organizations and party delegates . The studio provides a platform for discussing the effects of climate change , causes of global warming and possible solutions . It continues at COP17/CMP 7 after successfully running at COP15/CMP 5 in Copenhagen , and COP16/CMP 6 in Cancun .   At the most recent COP , held in December 2011 , the Climate Change TV Studio was visited by UNFCCC Chief Executive Christiana Figueres , lead Netherlands negotiator Maas Goote , and UK Minister for energy and climate change Greg Barker , along with members of Oxfam and 350 . org .

negative: US Climate Symposium The US Climate Symposium ( also known as USCAN ( US Climate Action Network ) ) was established in 1989 by groups and organizations working towards fight and threat of global warming . The need for a forum for a joint strategy development and advocacy to effect change in a coordinated way at the state and local level as well as at the United Nations and in Washington , D.C.


query: ‘Heatwaves are far more intense than when my parents were growing up in the 1950s.

positive: Heat wave A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather , which may be accompanied by high humidity , especially in oceanic climate countries . While definitions vary , a heat wave is measured relative to the usual weather in the area and relative to normal temperatures for the season . Temperatures that people from a hotter climate consider normal can be termed a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the normal climate pattern for that area .   The term is applied both to hot weather variations and to extraordinary spells of hot which may occur only once a century . Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures , thousands of deaths from hyperthermia , and widespread power outages due to increased use of air conditioning . A heat wave is considered extreme weather , and a danger because heat and sunlight may overheat the human body .

negative: Arizona Heatwave The Arizona Heatwave were an American women 's soccer team , founded in 2003 , which played in the USL W-League for three years , until 2005 , when they left the league and the franchise was terminated .   The Heatwave played their home games in the stadium at Sandra Day O'Connor High School in the city of Glendale , Arizona . The team 's colors were green and white .

negative: Disruption (adoption) Disruption is ending an adoption . While technically an adoption is disrupted only when it is abandoned by the adopting parent or parents before it is legally completed ( an adoption that is reversed after that point is instead referred to in the law as having been dissolved ) , in practice the term is used for all adoptions that are ended ( more recently , among families disrupting , the euphemism `` re-homing '' has become current ) . It is usually initiated by the parents via a court petition , much like a divorce , to which it is analogous .   While rarely discussed in public , even within the adoption community , the practice has become far more widespread in recent years , especially among those parents who have adopted from Eastern European countries , particularly Russia and Romania , where some children have suffered far more from their institutionalization than their parents were led to believe .

negative: 2002 India heat wave More than 1,030 people were killed in the 2002 heatwave in south India . Most of the dead were poor and elderly and a majority of deaths occurred in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh . In districts that were impacted most , the heat was so severe that ponds and rivers evaporated and in those same districts birds had fallen from the sky and animals were collapsing from the intense heat . It is said by officials to be the worst heat wave in four years . The relief commissioner of Andhra Pradesh , Rosaiah , said that the maximum number of 172 deaths related to heat took place in the East Godavari district . There were also 166 deaths in Prakasam and 144 deaths in West Godavari . Unusually high temperatures were detected across India during April of the year 2002 . In addition , this heat wave over northern zones of India lasted from the middle of April to the third week in May , thus , causing these fatalities . On May 10 the highest temperature recorded in the region of Gannavaram ( Vijayawada ) was 49 degrees Celsius ( 120.2 degrees Fahrenheit ) . According to the BBC News , `` Heatwaves are defined as periods of abnormally high temperatures and usually occur between March and June in India . May is the country 's hottest month , with an average maximum temperature of 41C ( 104F ) in Delhi . Longer , more severe heatwaves are becoming increasingly frequent globally . Intense heat can cause cramps , exhaustion and heat stroke . Thousands of people have died across India during heatwaves in 2002 and 2003 . '' The heatwaves also affected the northern states of Punjab , Haryana , Orissa and 100 people suffered from heat-related sickness .  2010 Indian heatwave

negative: Lynda Madaras Lynda Madaras is an educator and author . She has written a number of books on puberty including two ( What 's Happening to my Body ? Book for Girls : A Growing-Up Guide for Parents & Daughters , and What 's Happening to my Body ? Book for Boys : A Growing-Up Guide for Parents & Sons ) that are on the American Library Association 's list of 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books 1990-2000 . Her books have won numerous awards , including recognition as an American Library Association Best Books for Young Adults . She has one daughter , Area , and two granddaughters . Her other titles include My Body , My Self for Girls , My Body , My Self for Boys , Ready , Set , Grow ! , On Your Mark , Get Set , Grow ! , Womancare , Child 's Play , and The Alphabet Connection .

negative: Hadise discography This is the discography of Turkish pop singer-songwriter Hadise , who has released two studio albums .   Hadise gained fame when she appeared on the Belgium Version of Pop idol . She later released her debut album , Sweat , and its lead single `` Sweat '' . It produced four more singles : `` Stir Me Up '' , the more successful `` Milk Chocolate Girl '' , `` Ai n't No Love Lost '' and `` Bad Boy '' . She then released her second studio album , `` Hadise '' , which has so far become more commercially successful than her previous album and has thus produced four singles : `` A Good Kiss '' , `` My Body '' , `` My Man and the Devil on His Shoulder '' and `` Deli Oğlan '' .

negative: 2014 South-Eastern Australian heatwave The 2014 South-Eastern Australian Heatwave was a prolonged period of time in which highly unseasonal weather was recorded across the south and south-eastern corridor of mainland Australia . The heatwave commenced during early May , and was the longest ever recorded in Australia 's modern history , lasting in some places up to 15 days . Sydney , Melbourne and Adelaide were most hard hit , with temperatures in these areas breaking late Autumn records and causing a distinct lack of precipitation , especially in Sydney , Australia 's most populous city . The cause of this phenomenon was a large blocking High pressure system situated over the Tasman sea , which pushed usual Autumn cold fronts far south of the mainland .

negative: Nurturant parent model The nurturant parent model is a parenting style which envisions a family model where children are expected to explore their surroundings , while being protected by their parents . This model believes that children inherently know what they need and should be allowed to explore their environment .   The parents are responsible for protecting their child during this exploration , including protecting their child from serious mistakes , by offering guidance . A child will be picked up if the child cries because the parent wants the child to feel safe and nurtured . If a child grows up believing that its needs will be met , it will be more confident when facing challenges .   Ideas involved in this model include :   True discipline is not a matter of strict obedience , but of respect and compassion  The world is no more inherently hostile than it is inherently friendly ; it merely commands respect  Respect and compassion can only be taught by example

negative: Haar Jeet (TV series) Haar Jeet was an Indian drama aired on Imagine TV . It premiered on 3 October 2011 and finished on 12 April 2012 .   When children become a source of income ... it is the childhood that gets lost .   Parents always dream that their children should grow up to be successful . It brings them a great sense of joy to see their children doing well . But sometimes the parent 's dream can turn into a nightmare for the children . Parents become pushy and start living their dreams through their children . Worse , they push the child towards success so that they can personally benefit from it . Nowhere is this more stark than in the glamorous world of TV .

negative: Dust devil A dust devil is a strong , well-formed , and relatively long-lived whirlwind , ranging from small ( half a meter wide and a few meters tall ) to large ( more than 10 meters wide and more than 1000 meters tall ) . The primary vertical motion is upward . Dust devils are usually harmless , but can on rare occasions grow large enough to pose a threat to both people and property .   They are comparable to tornadoes in that both are a weather phenomenon of a vertically oriented rotating column of wind . Most tornadoes are associated with a larger parent circulation , the mesocyclone on the back of a supercell thunderstorm . Dust devils form as a swirling updraft under sunny conditions during fair weather , rarely coming close to the intensity of a tornado .

negative: 2014 Adelaide heatwave The 2014 Adelaide heatwave was a heat wave that occurred in Adelaide , South Australia in both January and February 2014 . The heatwaves were so strong that it broke records , becoming the hottest summer ever recorded in Adelaide . Although there were no deaths directly linked to the heatwave as of 2015 , there were at least 136 heat-related hospital admissions recorded .

negative: Sibling rivalry Sibling rivalry is a type of competition or animosity among siblings , whether blood related or not .   Siblings generally spend more time together during childhood than they do with parents . The sibling bond is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment , birth order , personality , and people and experiences outside the family . Sibling rivalry is particularly intense when children are very close in age and of the same gender and/or where one or both children are intellectually gifted .

negative: Elizabeth Fishel Elizabeth Fishel is a journalist and author . In 2013 , Fishel published her fifth book , coauthored with Jeffrey Arnett , Getting To 30 : A Parent 's Guide to the 20-Something Years ( Workman , originally titled , When Will My Grown-Up Kid Grow Up ? ) In 2000 , Fishel published a book profiling 10 of her classmates from the class of 1968 at Brearley School titled Reunion : The Girls We Used to Be , the Women We Became . Her book I Swore I 'd Never Do That ! was awarded `` Best Parenting Book '' by Parent 's Choice Award in 1991 . Earlier books include Sisters ( 1979 , reissued in 1997 ) and The Men In Our Lives ( 1985 ) .   Fishel has also written for various magazines and newspapers , including Oprah 's O , Vogue , Good Housekeeping , More , Redbook , Parents , Ms. , Parenting , The New York Times Book Review and the San Francisco Chronicle .   She presently lives in Oakland , California with her spouse , Robert Houghteling . They have two sons .

negative: Growing Up Straight (1968 book) Growing Up Straight : What Every Thoughtful Parent Should Know About Homosexuality is a 1968 guide for parents , by Peter and Barbara Wyden , on how to prevent their children from becoming homosexual .

negative: Cleveland Street Intensive English High School Cleveland Street Intensive English High School ( abbreviated to CSIEHS ) is an ESL High School located in the inner-Sydney suburb of Surry Hills , New South Wales , Australia and operated by the New South Wales Department of Education and Communities . The school provides intensive English language , settlement , orientation and welfare programs to secondary aged , newly arrived permanent , temporary resident and international students . Settlement support and partnership programs are provided for the school 's culturally and linguistically diverse parent community . The school 's student and parent community come from more than 30 language backgrounds other than English . Bilingual staff support student learning and parent programs . The school 's motto `` Harmony and Progress '' reflects the proactively inclusive education and welfare programs designed to enhance student resilience and achievement .   The school was founded in 1856 , and was a general high school until 1977 , when the school was moved to Alexandria and later renamed Alexandria Park Community School . It is one of the oldest public schools in Australia still operating on its site . The site on Cleveland Street was then reworked as an annex of the school for newly arrived immigrants into Australia , then into its current form as an intensive English-language high school in 2001 .

negative: 1914 Burdur earthquake The 1914 Burdur earthquake occurred at 00:07 local time ( 22:07 UTC ) on 4 October . It was estimated to be 7.0 on the surface wave magnitude scale with a maximum intensity of IX ( Violent ) on the Mercalli intensity scale . It was centered near Lake Burdur in southwestern Turkey and the mainshock and subsequent fire destroyed more than 17,000 homes , and caused 2,344 casualties .   In Burdur nearly 100 percent of the homes were destroyed along with other significant and historical monuments . Kilinc was completely destroyed and in Keciborlu around 85 percent of the houses were lost . In the city of Isparta the great Mosque was destroyed along with more than half of the homes . Other villages were also impacted as far as 60 km from the epicenter .   The earthquake , along with several others in 1959 and 1971 , occurred along the Fethiye-Burdur fault zone , a parallel and discontinuous series of fault segments . No unambiguous fault displacement has been found that is related to the event , but a 23 km portion of the southeast coast of Lake Burdur experienced subsidence of up to 150 cm and this may indicate that the event was due to normal faulting with a strike of N45 ° E.

negative: Sibling relationship Siblings play a unique role in one another 's lives that simulates the companionship of parents as well as the power and assistance of friends . Because siblings often grow up in the same household , they have a large amount of exposure to one another , like other members of the immediate family . However , though a sibling relationship can have both hierarchical and reciprocal elements , this relationship tends to be more egalitarian and symmetrical than with family members of other generations . Furthermore , sibling relationships often reflect the overall condition of cohesiveness within a family .   Siblings generally spend more time with each other during childhood than they do with parents or anyone else , and sibling relationships are often the longest-lasting relationship in individuals ' lives .

negative: When I Grow Up (Matilda) `` When I Grow Up '' is a song from the musical Matilda . Its music and lyrics were written by Tim Minchin .

negative: Sibling abuse Sibling abuse ( or intersibling abuse ) is the physical , emotional , and/or sexual abuse of one sibling by another .   Though several studies indicate that sibling abuse is far more common than other forms of family abuse , chronic maltreatment by siblings has only relatively recently become the subject of serious clinical study and concern . Sibling abuse is far less recognized than spousal or child abuse and is often considered less dangerous , although siblings who are a great deal larger and/or older than their younger counterparts may in fact be capable of lethal violence towards their victims .   Sibling abuse is significantly more likely to occur in dysfunctional , neglectful and/or abusive homes , and often reflects a lack of appropriate boundaries and discipline on the part of the parents . In many cases , sibling abuse can occur as `` second hand abuse '' in which children who have been harmed or maltreated go on to harm siblings . A 1982 study found that of 60 % of children who witnessed their mothers abused by their fathers subsequently acted out the scene with their siblings . Similarly , those who witness abuse as children are more likely to abuse as adults : Malone and colleagues found that when children witnessed parental abuse they were more likely to behave abusively as adults , and that , contrary to common wisdom , girls from such families were more likely than boys to behave abusively towards partners as adults . The `` Cinderella effect '' , which is a conventional wisdom in the English-speaking world , holds that sibling abuse is more common between half-siblings or full step-siblings than genetic siblings .

negative: Heatwave! (1974 film) Heatwave ! is an American disaster movie that was broadcast on the ABC television network on January 26 , 1974 . It was an ABC Movie of the Week . Its running time was 90 minutes . The film was directed by Jerry Jameson , produced by Herbert F. Solow and Harve Bennett .   The plot focuses upon the effect an intense and prolonged heat wave and water shortage has on Frank Taylor and his pregnant wife Laura Taylor , both while they are in the city where they live and after they decide to relocate .

negative: Heatwave's Greatest Hits Heatwave 's Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by Heatwave released by Epic Records in 1984 . It features all of their biggest hits from all of their albums , with the lone exception of the Hot Property album , which all of its singles were omitted .

negative: Heatwave (album) Heatwave is the fifth album by Belgian RIO band Univers Zero . Released in 1986 , the album is a continued exploration of the Middle Eastern influences , which first appeared on Uzed . The instrumentation here is more electronic than in their previous works . The album was recorded and mixed by Didier de Roos at Daylight Studio , Brussels .   The album is unusual among Univers Zero albums in that drummer/bandleader Daniel Denis did not write the majority of the material . Keyboardist Andy Kirk takes the compositional lead instead , penning both the title track and `` The Funeral Plain . '' The latter is notable for being the second longest Univers Zero song ( Only the track `` La Faulx '' , off the Heresie album , is longer ) . `` The Funeral Plain '' is dedicated to `` all living hardships that lead into self-awareness . '' The band would not release their next album , The Hard Quest , until 1999 . Denis temporarily broke up the band after the release of Heatwave due to financial difficulties and tension within the group .

negative: Threadfin rainbowfish The threadfin rainbowfish or featherfin rainbowfish ( Iriatherina werneri ) is a rainbowfish , the only species in the genus Iriatherina . It is characterized by long beautiful fins , and is among the most attractive of the rainbowfishes .   It is native to freshwater swamps and demersal or thickly vegetated areas of flowing waters , in tropical Australia , the West Papuan region of Indonesia , and Papua New Guinea .   It grows up to 5 cm in length , but this does not include the Threadfin 's long tail . Sexing is easy by examining fins : males have larger , gaudier finnage than females . Males also have more intense colours . When reproduction takes place eggs are scattered among fine leaved plants , and hatch after 8 -- 12 days .

negative: 1950s Texas drought The 1950s Texas drought was a period between 1949 and 1957 , in which the state received 30 to 50 percent less rain than normal , while temperatures rose above average . During this time period , Texans experienced the second , third and eighth-driest single years ever in the state -- 1956 , 1954 and 1951 , respectively . The drought was described by a state water official as `` the most costly and one of the most devastating droughts in 600 years . ''

negative: The Soundtrack of My Life The Soundtrack of My Life is the 16th studio album released by Donny Osmond in 2014 . It contains his versions of very popular songs from when he was growing up , like `` Ben '' , `` My Cherie Amour '' , and `` Baby Love '' . The album peaked at No. 181 on the Billboard 200 chart and No. 17 on the UK Albums Chart .

negative: Nothing to Lose (Billy Talent song) `` Nothing to Lose '' is a single by Canadian band Billy Talent 's debut self-titled album . The song was not released for special digital download or as a CD single or vinyl record . The song is about a suicidal teenager . The unnamed character suffers rejection from peers and depression , although the character 's parents overlook this-Teacher said it 's just a phase/When I grow up my children will probably do the same . '' At the end of the song , it can be inferred that the character committed suicide .

negative: Fosterella spectabilis Fosterella spectabilis is a Bromeliad species in the genus Fosterella . This species is endemic to Bolivia .   ` Growing Fosterella Spectabilis in Sydney Australia '   Grows vigorously in Sydney but I would avoid planting in the open if you get frost in your area . It will tolerate low light but leaves will be smaller and more delicate . I had my Fosterella in a shadehouse for 3 years and the leaves were thick and succulent . For the last 7 years it has been on a windy balcony with good light and 2 -- 3 hours of afternoon sun . The leaves are wider and longer with more sun but I have not tried planting in full sun so I am unsure if it will survive in full sun .  Mine has flowered every year without fail on established pups , my original plant is still pupping and flowering . Pups grow from the base of the plant above the soil and grows to a mature plant in 1 -- 2 years when it flowers and pups and so on . Pups can be re-potted anytime when it has grown roots of its own but it may require staking or pebbles at its base for stability until new roots have anchored it well . The flower spike starts to grow at the end of winter and it can take 3 -- 4 months to complete the flowering cycle . The spike grows towards the sun so it can grow bent if you turn or move the pot during flowering . The spike can be up to 45 cm long .  Keep Fosterellas well watered during Spring and Summer then reduce through Autumn . Water well once every fortnight in winter but check it weekly in case a top up is needed .  Regular supermarket bought potting mix is fine just make sure the pot is well drained .

negative: My Heaven (Big Bang song) `` My Heaven '' is the first Japanese single by South Korean boy band , Big Bang released under YG Entertainment . The single is a Japanese version of the group 's previous song '' 천국 '' ( `` Heaven '' ) from their EP , Stand Up . The song has sold more than 40,552 copies so far . The Music Video started filming from 27 to 28 April , 2009 . and premiered May 11 , 2009 . The music video is about G-Dragon and his girlfriend . The girl featured in the music video is the Japanese actress and model Mayuko Kawakita .

negative: Minuartia yukonensis Minuartia yukonensis , the Yukon sandwort or Yukon stitchwort , is a plant species native to Yukon and Northwest Territories of Canada , as well as Alaska , and The Russian Far East . Flora of North America and some other publications also report it from British Columbia , but more recent work shows those collections to have been misidentified . Minuartia yukonensis grows in dry , rocky meadows at elevations less than 1000 m.   Minuartia yukonensis is a perennial herb with a large taproot , spreading out along the ground to form low-lying mats . Stems are up to 30 cm long . Leaves are narrow and linear , up to 18m mm long but rarely more than 1.5 mm across . Flowers are born in cymes of up to 13 green to purplish cup-shaped flowers .

negative: Raised by Bats Raised by Bats is the tenth studio album by Cuban American dark cabaret singer Voltaire , released in 2014 . The album 's production was crowdfunded by Voltaire 's fans all over the world via a successful Indiegogo campaign ; it would reach US$ 53,793 , surpassing its originally intended goal of US$ 10,000 . The album is a major departure of Voltaire 's musical style ; instead of his usual dark cabaret style , Raised by Bats is more deathrock - and gothic rock-oriented . According to Voltaire in his official website : In truth , it 's a tour of all of the kinds of music I loved growing up . There are songs on this album that are goth rock , deathrock , new wave , New Romantic , dark wave and dark folk . It 's the album I 've always wanted to make . Some of the songs were written as far back as 1984 , when I was 17 years old !   Raised by Bats is , thus far , the album by Voltaire that most features guest musicians : among them are Ray Toro of My Chemical Romance fame , Craig Adams of The Mission and The Sisters of Mercy , Melora Creager of Rasputina and much more .


query: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

positive: Ice age An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth 's surface and atmosphere , resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers . Within a long-term ice age , individual pulses of cold climate are termed `` glacial periods '' ( or alternatively `` glacials '' or `` glaciations '' or colloquially as `` ice age '' ) , and intermittent warm periods are called `` interglacials '' . In the terminology of glaciology , ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in both northern and southern hemispheres . By this definition , we are in an interglacial period -- the Holocene -- of the ice age . The ice age began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch , because the Greenland , Arctic , and Antarctic ice sheets still exist .

positive: Retreat of glaciers since 1850 The retreat of glaciers since 1850 affects the availability of fresh water for irrigation and domestic use , mountain recreation , animals and plants that depend on glacier-melt , and , in the longer term , the level of the oceans . Studied by glaciologists , the temporal coincidence of glacier retreat with the measured increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases is often cited as an evidentiary underpinning of global warming . Mid-latitude mountain ranges such as the Himalayas , Alps , Rocky Mountains , Cascade Range , and the southern Andes , as well as isolated tropical summits such as Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa , are showing some of the largest proportionate glacial losses .   Glacier mass balance is the key determinant of the health of a glacier . If the amount of frozen precipitation in the accumulation zone exceeds the quantity of glacial ice lost due to melting or in the ablation zone a glacier will advance ; if the accumulation is less than the ablation , the glacier will retreat . Glaciers in retreat will have negative mass balances , and if they do not find an equilibrium between accumulation and ablation , will eventually disappear .   The Little Ice Age was a period from about 1550 to 1850 when the world experienced relatively cooler temperatures compared to the present . Subsequently , until about 1940 , glaciers around the world retreated as the climate warmed substantially . Glacial retreat slowed and even reversed temporarily , in many cases , between 1950 and 1980 as global temperatures cooled slightly . Since 1980 , a significant global warming has led to glacier retreat becoming increasingly rapid and ubiquitous , so much so that some glaciers have disappeared altogether , and the existences of many of the remaining glaciers are threatened . In locations such as the Andes of South America and Himalayas in Asia , the demise of glaciers in these regions has the potential to affect water supplies in those areas .   The retreat of mountain glaciers , notably in western North America , Asia , the Alps and tropical and subtropical regions of South America , Africa and Indonesia , provide evidence for the rise in global temperatures since the late 19th century . The acceleration of the rate of retreat since 1995 of key outlet glaciers of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets may foreshadow a rise in sea level , which would affect coastal regions .

positive: Little Ice Age The Little Ice Age ( LIA ) was a period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period . Although it was not a true ice age , the term was introduced into scientific literature by François E. Matthes in 1939 . It has been conventionally defined as a period extending from the 16th to the 19th centuries , but some experts prefer an alternative timespan from about 1300 to about 1850 . Climatologists and historians working with local records no longer expect to agree on either the start or end dates of the period , which varied according to local conditions .   The NASA Earth Observatory notes three particularly cold intervals : one beginning about 1650 , another about 1770 , and the last in 1850 , all separated by intervals of slight warming . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report considered the timing and areas affected by the Little Ice Age suggested largely-independent regional climate changes rather than a globally-synchronous increased glaciation . At most , there was modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during the period .   Several causes have been proposed : cyclical lows in solar radiation , heightened volcanic activity , changes in the ocean circulation , variations in Earth 's orbit and axial tilt ( orbital forcing ) , inherent variability in global climate , and decreases in the human population .

positive: Global warming Global warming , also referred to as climate change , is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth 's climate system and its related effects . Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming . Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented in the instrumental temperature record which extends back to the mid 19th century , and in paleoclimate proxy records over thousands of years .   In 2013 , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Fifth Assessment Report concluded that `` It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century . '' The largest human influence has been emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide , methane and nitrous oxide . Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.6 to for the highest emissions scenario . These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing .   Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe . Anticipated effects include warming global temperature , rising sea levels , changing precipitation , and expansion of deserts in the subtropics . Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic , with the continuing retreat of glaciers , permafrost and sea ice . Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves , droughts , heavy rainfall with floods and heavy snowfall ; ocean acidification ; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes . Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to rising sea levels . Because the climate system has a large `` inertia '' and greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for a long time , many of these effects will not only exist for decades or centuries , but will persist for tens of thousands of years .   Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction , adaptation to its effects , building systems resilient to its effects , and possible future climate engineering . Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) ,  whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change . Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below 2.0 C-change relative to pre-industrial levels , with efforts made to limit warming to 1.5 C-change .   Public reactions to global warming and concern about its effects are also increasing . A global 2015 Pew Research Center report showed a median of 54 % consider it `` a very serious problem '' . There are significant regional differences , with Americans and Chinese ( whose economies are responsible for the greatest annual CO2 emissions ) among the least concerned .

negative: Last ice age Last ice age may refer to :   Quaternary glaciation , the period of the last few million years  Last glacial period , the most recent glacial period of the current ice age  Little Ice Age , a hundred years of relative cold in the Middle Ages after what historians term the Medieval Warm Period

negative: James O'Brien (oceanographer) James O'Brien ( born August 10 , 1935 , died September 20 , 2016 ) is the emeritus Robert O. Lawton Professor of Meteorology and Oceanography at Florida State University . He believes sea levels are rising but predicts a more modest 18 in rise instead of 6 ft by 2100 targeted by some other scientists . He stated that `` sea level in Florida is going to continue to rise period . Unless we go back into an Ice age , we will continue to rise at over 8 in in 10 year . That 's without any global warming . ''

negative: We've Been Had Again We 've Been Had Again is the second album by Huffamoose , released in 1997 .

negative: We've Got Tonight (disambiguation) `` We 've Got Tonight '' is a song by Bob Seger .   We 've Got Tonight may also refer to :  We 've Got Tonight ( Kenny Rogers album ) , 1983  We 've Got Tonight ( Elkie Brooks album )

negative: Climate inertia Climate inertia describes the widespread inherent characteristic of the climate , ecological , and socio-economic systems . Inertia from anthropogenic impacts may be slow to become apparent , or could be irreversible if climate change crosses associated thresholds . Melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica take time to respond to the emissions of fossil fuel carbon in the climate system . The global warming also causes thermal inertia , thermal expansion of the oceans , which contributes to sea level rise . It has been estimated that we are already committed to a sea-level rise of approximately 2.3 meters for each degree of temperature rise within the next 2,000 years .

negative: Future Vintage Future Vintage is the fifth studio album by American hip hop group ¡ Mayday ! . Pre-release , Wrekonize illustrated that `` This album sums up everywhere we 've been and is a link between everything we 've done and where we 're trying to go . '' The album was released on September 18 , 2015 , by Strange Music .

negative: We Are the Ones (We've Been Waiting For) We Are The Ones ( We 've Been Waiting For ) is the fourth album by The Visionaries , an American hip hop group composed of 2Mex , LMNO , KeyKool , DJ Rhettmatic , Lord Zen , and Dannu .

negative: Songs from the British Isles Songs from the British Isles is a collobrative extended play by Australian singer songwriter Katie Noonan and classical guitarist Karin Schaupp , available only from Katie Noonan webshop .  It was released to support the tour ` Songs from the British Isles ' .   Katie said ; '' -LSB- it 's -RSB- a chance to rediscover the Celtic music I grew up around , the classical music I fell in love with and the pop music that has informed my voice as a songwriter in more recent years . ''   Karin Schaupp said ; `` For years we 've been saying ` We must do something together one day ... ' and finally we found the time to make it happen ! I am delighted to be collaborating with Katie - her voice is absolutely unique and she is a brilliant musician . The combination of voice and guitar is very intimate but also very versatile . We 've had a wonderful time putting together this British programme drawn from so many different styles of music , and we 've become great friends in the process ! ''

negative: We've Got the Power We 've Got the Power may refer to :   We 've Got the Power ( album ) , a 1987 live album by Skrewdriver  `` We 've Got the Power '' ( song ) , a 1992 song by Sonia

negative: Fight Songs (Billy Bragg album) Fight Songs is a compilation of songs by Billy Bragg that had previously been released as free digital downloads . This album was released in October 2011 . Most of the songs are political in nature , but a Christmas song , `` We 're Following the Wrong Star '' , is also included .   Describing why he decided to release this album , Bragg said ...  `` Since I started giving away music for free on the internet in 2002 with The Price of Oil , I 've felt a little bit like I 've been pissing in the wind , so to speak , that the ideas that I 've been putting out there have not really been in keeping with what 's going on in the music industry . But the last couple of years , since the crash in 2008 , I think the idea of polemical songs has become more and more relevant , so it now seems like a good time to collect these together and make them available for people who may only have tuned in a few years ago . ''

negative: Duncan Wingham Duncan John Wingham ( born 12 October 1957 ) is a British physicist who is Professor of Climate Physics at University College London , and was the first Director of the Centre for Polar Observation & Modelling . He is chief executive of the Natural Environment Research Council and Principal Scientist for the CryoSat Satellite Mission .   In the 1990s , Wingham was involved in a four-year satellite study of the Antarctic ice sheet . His conclusion then , and from later research , is that the Antarctic has contributed little to observed rising sea levels in the 20th century . However , he has also stated that `` it is possible that the consequences of global warming on sea level rise have been underestimated ... Other sources of rise must be underestimated . In particular it is possible that the effect of global warming on thermal expansion -LSB- on the oceans -RSB- is larger than we thought '' .   In a 2005 interview Wingham stated '' -LSB- t -RSB- he Antarctic is to some extent insulated from global warming because to its north are zonal flows in the atmosphere and ocean , unimpeded by other landmasses ... I am not denying global warming . ''

negative: Seminal Live Seminal Live is a 1989 album by British rock band The Fall , recorded partly in the studio and partly at live performances in 1988 . The album was the last to be released by the group through Beggars Banquet Records , and as such is often seen as a `` contractual obligation '' album . It was also the last Fall album to feature Brix Smith , former wife of the lead singer Mark E. Smith , until her return for 1995 's Cerebral Caustic .   The studio recordings on Seminal Live were all new songs and make up the first five tracks of the album -- side one on the original vinyl release . The live recordings on side two , meanwhile , are all versions of previously-released tracks .   In a 2006 interview with The Pseud Mag fanzine , keyboardist Marcia Scofield called Seminal Live '' `` the worst piece of shit I have ever worked on -LSB- ... -RSB- Talk about exhausted and out of ideas . It was one of those-we 've just come off tour and have to make a record so what shit covers can we bung on it ? - album '' .

negative: The Rise and Fall of Little Voice The Rise and Fall of Little Voice is a 1992 play written by English dramatist Jim Cartwright .

negative: We Are the People We've Been Waiting For We Are the People We 've Been Waiting For is a 2009 documentary film directed by Daryl Goodrich and produced by Caroline Rowland . It explores the education system in the UK and asks whether the current system provides young people with the opportunity to develop their talents .

negative: Copenhagen Climate Challenge During the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 ( COP15 ) , there was a rival conference in Copenhagen , Denmark , for sceptics , called the Copenhagen Climate Challenge . which was organised by the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow .   While COP15 attracted 33,200 delegates , the rival sceptic conference was attended by 60 people ( 15 journalists , 18 speakers , 27 audience ) . According to Lenore Taylor of The Australian , the attendees had an average age `` well over 60 '' . In closing his speech , Plimer stated that `` They 've got us outnumbered , but we 've got them outgunned , and that 's with the truth . '' Plimer also stated that `` It 's been freezing in Perth and bucketing down '' . Perth had below average rainfall in 2009 , and temperatures of 38 ° C were forecast for December 13 .

negative: Last One to Die `` Last One to Die '' is a song by the American punk rock band Rancid . It was released as the first single from their seventh album , Let the Dominoes Fall . It first primered on April 6 , 2009 on the Los Angeles modern rock radio station , KROQ , and is currently available on their MySpace page . Frontman Tim Armstrong explained that the song , `` is about the survival of our band . Over the last eighteen years we 've seen a lot of bands and friends pass on , quit or move on for various reasons , yet we keep moving forward . '' The song impacted radio on April 21 , 2009 . A music video was also produced and released for the song on May 12 , 2009 . The song 's music video features many cameos including WWE wrestlers CM Punk and Lita

negative: Regional effects of global warming Regional effects of global warming are long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region due to global warming . The world average temperature is rising due to the greenhouse effect caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases , especially carbon dioxide . When the global temperature changes , the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the Earth . In particular , land areas change more quickly than oceans , and northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics , and the margins of biome regions change faster than do their cores .   Regional effects of global warming vary in nature . Some are the result of a generalised global change , such as rising temperature , resulting in local effects , such as melting ice . In other cases , a change may be related to a change in a particular ocean current or weather system . In such cases , the regional effect may be disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend . The increasing temperatures from greenhouse gases have been causing sea levels to rise for many years .   There are three major ways in which global warming will make changes to regional climate : melting or forming ice , changing the hydrological cycle ( of evaporation and precipitation ) and changing currents in the oceans and air flows in the atmosphere . The coast can also be considered a region , and will suffer severe impacts from sea level rise .

negative: We've Come a Long Way, Baby We 've Come a Long Way , Baby is the thirtieth studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn . It was released on January 29 , 1979 , by MCA Records . The title track was a top ten hit for Lynn , playing on the famous Virginia Slims slogan of the day , `` You 've Come a Long Way , Baby '' . The album was produced by Owen Bradley .

negative: So where the bloody hell are you? So where the bloody hell are you ? is a A$ 180 million advertising campaign launched in 2006 by Tourism Australia created by the Sydney office of the London advertising agency M&C Saatchi .   The advertisements feature Australians preparing for visitors to their country . It begins in an Outback pub with the barkeeper saying , `` We 've poured you a beer '' . Further imagery to a similar effect is then shown , including a young boy on the beach saying , `` We 've got the sharks out of the pool , '' and partygoers watching Sydney harbour fireworks saying , `` We 've turned on the lights '' . The commercial ends with bikini-clad model Lara Bingle at Fingal Spit stepping out of the ocean and asking , `` So where the bloody hell are you ? ''   The campaign received extensive press coverage , but it was soon deemed a failure and withdrawn .

negative: Rise and Fall Rise and Fall may refer to :   `` Rise & Fall '' ( Justice Crew song )  `` Rise & Fall '' ( song ) , a 2003 song by Craig David featuring Sting  Rise and Fall ( band ) , a Belgian hardcore band  Rise and Fall ( Dargaard album ) , 2004  Rise and Fall ( Tim Halperin album ) , 2011  Rise and Fall ( The Warlocks album ) , 2001  Rise and Fall : Civilizations at War , a 2006 computer game  Rises and falls , ballroom dance techniques  The Rise & Fall , a 1982 album by Madness

negative: 6.1 (album) 6.1 is the sixth studio album by Out of the Grey , released on August 15 , 2001 . It was their first ( and only ) on Rocketown Records , after leaving Sparrow .   The duo saw the new album as an opportunity to redefine themselves as a band , and this hope is reflected in the album 's name , 6.1 . In an interview , the Dentés said `` This time around , we were told to forget about the mentality of trying to write a certain way . It 's been a long time since we 've been able to let go and feel the freedom to do what we like and be what we want to be . ''   Although the album gained favorable reviews , it would be their last as a band until 2015 .

negative: Caleb (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) Caleb is a fictional character played by Nathan Fillion in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer created by Joss Whedon . The character is a sadistic sociopath with a pathological hatred of women .   According to Whedon , the character was introduced because the mutable , non-corporeal nature of the First Evil `` meant that we did n't really have anything to push against . We needed ... a sidekick . Somebody physical that we can see from episode to episode . '' Whedon describes him as `` the creepiest priest '' , adding , `` he is the most bald-faced misogynist we 've had since , well , since last year , with Warren . ''

negative: Climate change in the Arctic The effects of global warming in the Arctic , or climate change in the Arctic include rising temperatures , loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly , observed in recent years . Potential methane release from the region , especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , is also a concern . The Arctic warms twice as fast compared to the rest of the world . The pronounced warming signal , the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming , it is often seen as a leading indicator of global warming . The melting of Greenland 's ice sheet is linked to polar amplification . According to a study published in 2016 , about 0.5 ◦ C of the warming in the Arctic has been attributed to reductions in sulfate aerosols in Europe since 1980 .

negative: Schoolboys in Disgrace Schoolboys in Disgrace or The Kinks Present Schoolboys in Disgrace is a 1975 album by the Kinks .   According to the back cover liner notes , the story which the album presents is as follows :   Once upon a time there was a naughty little schoolboy . He and his gang were always playing tricks on the teachers and bullying other children in the school . One day he got himself into very serious trouble with a naughty schoolgirl and he was sent to the Headmaster who decided to disgrace the naughty boy and his gang in front of the whole school .   After this punishment the boy turned into a hard and bitter character . Perhaps it was not the punishment that changed him but the fact that he realised people in authority would always be there to kick him down and the Establishment would always put him in his place . He knew that he could not change the past but he vowed that in the future he would always get what he wanted . The naughty little boy grew up ... into Mr Flash .   Mr Flash was the name of the villain from the Kinks ' rock opera Preservation ( released as Preservation Act 1 and Preservation Act 2 ) .   In 2015 , Dave Davies spoke positively of the album in a Yahoo interview , saying , `` Schoolboys in Disgrace is a great album . At the time , we were so busy doing it and getting it out and touring and playing it . Over a matter of three years it was gone and we were doing something else . But when you draw this into the present , it 's like , ` Oh my God , what the f -- is this ?!? How did we do that ? ' We 've been very fortunate , Ray and I and the Kinks . We 've had such a wealth of materials , ideas , and observations . We 've been very good at following our intuition . That 's something you ca n't really teach . ''   The front cover was illustrated by Mickey Finn of T. Rex . It later appeared on NME 's list of the '50 worst covers of all time ' .   In 1978 the Finnish band Kontra had a number one hit with the song `` Jerry Cotton '' which was a cover version of the song `` Jack the Idiot Dunce . ''

negative: Soldiers of the King Soldiers of the King is a song written and composed by Leslie Stuart . The song is often sung and published as `` Soldiers of the Queen '' depending on the reigning monarch at the time .   The tune was originally composed by Stuart as a march celebrating the opening of the Manchester Ship Canal . The lyrics were added at a later date and the title changed . The song was then interpolated in the musical comedy An Artist 's Model ( 1895 ) .   The song served as the regimental ( quick ) march of the Queen 's Regiment , 1966 -- 1992 . In 1992 the Queens Regiment and Royal Hampshires became The Princess of Wales 's Royal Regiment who now use the song Soldiers of the Queen as their regimental song ( at the end of the song the Regiment then sing `` Farmer 's boy '' to show their links to R Hampshire ) It is also the regimental march of the combined 2nd and 14th Light Horse Regiment , Queensland Mounted Infantry -LCB- 2/14LHR ( QMI ) -RCB- ; and of the Lord Strathcona 's Horse ( Royal Canadians ) , the second most senior of Canada 's Cavalry Regiments . The song was sung by the public attending a farewell function in Brisbane , Australia the day before the departure of the 1st contingent QMI , to the Boer War on 1 November 1899 .   It was used as the theme to the film , Breaker Morant . BBC Radio 4 comedy programme The Harpoon , a show lampooning boys ' magazines from Britain 's Empire days of the 20th century , also used the piece as its opening theme -- which is harshly interrupted mid-stanza by a page-turn .   The song has no connection to `` The Soldiers of Our Queen '' , a quite different song which appears in the Gilbert and Sullivan opera Patience .   Soldiers of the Queen by Leslie Stuart 1898   1  Britons once did loyally declaim  About the way we rul 'd the waves  Ev'ry Briton 's song was just the same ,  When singing of our soldier braves .  All the world had heard it  wonder 'd why we sang ,  And some have learn 'd the reason why  But we 're forgetting it ,  And we 're letting it  Fade away and gradually die ,  Fade away and gradually die .  So when we say that England 's master ,  Remember who has made her so   1st Refrain  It 's the Soldiers of the Queen , my lads  Who 've been my lads ,  Who 're seen my lads ,  In the fight for England 's glory , lads ,  When we 've had to show them what we mean :  And when we say we 've always won ,  And when they ask us how it 's done ,  We 'll proudly point to ev'ry one  of England 's soldiers of the Queen !  It 's the Queen !   2  War clouds gather over ev'ry land ,  Our flag is threaten 'd east and west .  Nations that we 've shaken by the hand  Our bold resources try to test  They thought they found us sleeping  thought us unprepar 'd ,  Because we have our party wars ,  But Englishmen unite when they 're call 'd to fight  The battle for Old England 's common cause ,  The battle for Old England 's common cause .  So when we say that England 's master ,  Remember who has made her so .   2nd/3rd Refrains   It 's the Soldiers of the Queen , my lads ,  Who 've been my lads ,  Who 're seen my lads ,  In the fight for England 's glory , lads ,  When we have to show them what we mean :  And when we sat we 've always won ,  And when they ask us how it 's done ,  We 'll proudly point to ev'ry one  Of England 's soldiers of the Queen !  It 's the Queen !   3  Now we 're rous 'd we 've buckled on our swords ,  We 've done with diplomatic lingo ,  We 'll do deeds to follow on our words ,  We 'll show we 're something more than `` jingo . ''  And though Old England 's laws do not her sons compel  To military duties do ,  We 'll play them at their game , and show them all the same ,  An Englishman can be a soldier too ,  An Englishman can be a soldier too .  So when we say that England 's master ,  Remember who has made her so .   refrain   Notes  Who 've been & Who 're seen - easy to miss   When we 've had & When we have to show them what we mean :

negative: We've Come a Long Way Baby (song) `` We 've Come a Long Way Baby '' is a song written by L.E. White and Shirl Milete that was originally performed by American country music artist Loretta Lynn . It was released as a single in October 1978 via MCA Records .

negative: Ee Aye Addio A traditional British celebratory football crowd song .   The usual format is :  : `` We 've won the cup , we 've won the cup , ee aye addio , we 've won the cup '' .   Variations are often made up on the spur of the moment .   The song perhaps first gained a wider audience at the 1965 FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium , when the singing by supporters of Liverpool F.C. was broadcast on TV and radio . Noticing the Queen had a red jacket on ( Liverpool 's team colours ) , the words were hastily changed to `` Ee aye addio , the Queen 's wearing red ! '' .   The origin of the song lies in the traditional British nursery rhyme The Farmer 's in his Den .   Category : Football songs and chants

negative: Divided We Fall Divided We Fall may refer to :  `` United we stand , divided we fall '' , a motto   `` Divided We Fall '' ( short story ) , by Raymond F. Jones  Divided We Fall ( film ) , a 2000 Czech film directed by Jan Hřebejk  Divided We Fall ( album ) , a 2016 album by Flaw  A 2005 episode of Justice League Unlimited

negative: Riphouse 151: Could've Been's & Wanna Be's Riphouse 151 : Could 've Been 's & Wan na Be 's is a 2008 retrospective documentary film chronicling the rise and fall of Riphouse , a thrash metal band from Rockland County , New York . The film was directed by Peter O'Brien and features interviews with Rob Dukes ( current lead singer of Exodus ) , Don La Greca of ESPN radio , Rob Moschetti ( M.O.D. and Pro Pain ) , and several others .

negative: We've Got Tonight (Kenny Rogers album) We 've Got Tonight is the fourteenth studio album by Kenny Rogers , released in 1983 . It is also his last with Liberty Records before moving to RCA Nashville .

negative: X2 (Record Label) x2 a British record label set up by Pet Shop Boys to release their own music .   On 14 March 2013 , the duo officially left Parlophone after 28 years and entered into a new arrangement with Kobalt Label Services for their 12th , the band 's first release on their own music label . Tennant stated at the time of the announcement :   We 'd like to thank everyone we 've worked with at Parlophone over the last 28 years both in the UK and abroad . When we signed to the label in 1985 we had no idea how long and successful a relationship we were embarking on . However it is also exciting now to commence a new phase working with a new team in a new business structure and we look forward to a creative and equally fulfilling relationship with Kobalt .

negative: Deglaciation Deglaciation describes the transition from full glacial conditions during ice ages , to warm interglacials , characterized by global warming and sea level rise due to change in continental ice volume ( IPCC AR5 ) . Thus , it refers to the retreat of a glacier , an ice sheet or frozen surface layer , and the resulting exposure of the Earth 's surface . The decline of the cryosphere due to ablation can occur on any scale from global to localized to a particular glacier . After the Last Glacial Maximum ( ca. 21k years ago ) , the last deglaciation begun , which lasted until the early Holocene .   The previous deglaciation took place between approximately 22ka until 11.5 ka . This occurred when there was an annual mean atmospheric temperature on the earth that increased by roughly 5 ° C , which was also accompanied by regional high-latitude warming that exceeded 10 ° C . This was also followed by noteworthy deep-sea and tropical-se warming , between about 1-2 ° C ( deep-sea ) and 2-4 ° C ( tropical sea ) . Not only did this warming occur , but the global hydrological budget also experienced noticeable changes and regional precipitation patters changed . As a result of all of this , the worlds main ice sheets , including the ones located in Eurasia , North America and parts of the Antarctic Ice Sheets melted . As a consequence , sea levels rose roughly 120 metres ) . These processes did not occur steadily , and they also did not occur at the same time .