query: The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since 1988.

positive: Global warming controversy The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring , how much has occurred in modern times , what has caused it , what its effects will be , whether any action should be taken to curb it , and if so what that action should be . In the scientific literature , there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases . No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view , though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions . Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are more prevalent in the media than in the scientific literature , where such issues are treated as resolved , and such disputes are more prevalent in the United States than globally .   Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record , whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations , and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it . Scientists have resolved these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing , that human activity is the cause , and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years . Public disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases ( climate sensitivity ) , how global climate change will play out at local and regional scales , and what the consequences of global warming will be .   Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate , often split along party political lines , especially in the United States . Many of the issues that are settled within the scientific community , such as human responsibility for global warming , remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay , dismiss or deny them -- an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial . The sources of funding for those involved with climate science -- both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions -- have been questioned by both sides . There are debates about the best policy responses to the science , their cost-effectiveness and their urgency . Climate scientists , especially in the United States , have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data , with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications . Legal cases regarding global warming , its effects , and measures to reduce it have reached American courts . The fossil fuels lobby has been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming .

positive: Global warming Global warming , also referred to as climate change , is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth 's climate system and its related effects . Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming . Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented in the instrumental temperature record which extends back to the mid 19th century , and in paleoclimate proxy records over thousands of years .   In 2013 , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Fifth Assessment Report concluded that `` It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century . '' The largest human influence has been emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide , methane and nitrous oxide . Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.6 to for the highest emissions scenario . These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing .   Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe . Anticipated effects include warming global temperature , rising sea levels , changing precipitation , and expansion of deserts in the subtropics . Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic , with the continuing retreat of glaciers , permafrost and sea ice . Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves , droughts , heavy rainfall with floods and heavy snowfall ; ocean acidification ; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes . Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to rising sea levels . Because the climate system has a large `` inertia '' and greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for a long time , many of these effects will not only exist for decades or centuries , but will persist for tens of thousands of years .   Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction , adaptation to its effects , building systems resilient to its effects , and possible future climate engineering . Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) ,  whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change . Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below 2.0 C-change relative to pre-industrial levels , with efforts made to limit warming to 1.5 C-change .   Public reactions to global warming and concern about its effects are also increasing . A global 2015 Pew Research Center report showed a median of 54 % consider it `` a very serious problem '' . There are significant regional differences , with Americans and Chinese ( whose economies are responsible for the greatest annual CO2 emissions ) among the least concerned .

negative: Blackstone Legacy Blackstone Legacy is the debut album by trumpeter Woody Shaw recorded in 1970 and released on the Contemporary label .   Moved by the highly charged political sensibilities among creative artists during the latter part of the 1960s and early 1970s , Shaw 's message for Blackstone Legacy spoke to the social and political ills of his time . In the liner notes to Blackstone Legacy , Shaw states :   `` This album is dedicated to the youth who will benefit mankind . To the youth who are constantly aware of the turmoil in which the world is and who are trying to right all these wrongs -- whether in music or in speech or in any other way of positive work .   This album is dedicated to the freedom of Black people all over the world . And it 's dedicated to the people in the ghettos here . The ` stone ' in the title is the image of strength . I grew up in a ghetto -- funky houses , rats and roaches , stinking hallways . I 've seen all of that , and I 've seen people overcome all of that . This music is meant to be a light of hope , a sound of strength and of coming through . It 's one for the ghetto .   We 're trying to express what 's happening in the world today as we -- a new breed of young musicians -- feel it . I mean the different tensions in the world , the ridiculous war in Vietnam , the oppression of poor people in this , a country of such wealth . The cats on this date usually discuss these things , but we 're all also trying to reach a state of spiritual enlightenment in which we 're continually aware of what 's happening but react in a positive way . The music in this album , you see , expresses strength -- confidence that we 'll overcome these things . ''

negative: It's Not Big It's Large It 's Not Big It 's Large is an album by Lyle Lovett and his Large Band , released in 2007 ( see 2007 in music ) . The recording was made live in studio -LCB- recorded with all instruments as if a concert venue , but done in a studio -RCB- .   The title is a play on the name Lovett has given to his touring band since 1988 . Lovett explains the title in an interview : `` We 've always done arrangements that border on blues music , that border on jazz arrangements , that border on what folks might think of as ` big band ' , but we do n't really play big band music . But we 've always had a lot of people in the band so that 's why I call the band the ` Large Band ' and not the ` Big Band ' . But invariably people refer to the band as the ` Big Band ' and ... it 's not big ... you get the idea . ''   The album debuted at number 18 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart , selling about 25,000 copies in its first week .

negative: Ball Boys Ball Boys was an American reality television see if u kick doon to irvine you 'll catch a glimpse of the worlds first mongofied two faced snake in history of snake discovery team . Never have we seen such weridness so we 've called it jack rogerson , aw aye back to base boys there mostly sound but there 's a few munters n they 'll heavy jump on yer shadow :) ABC . The series premiered on March 24 , 2012 .

negative: The Ga Ga's The Ga Ga 's ( often spelled as The * Ga * Ga * s ) were a hard rock band formed by Tommy Gleeson in 2002 . Following the band 's demise in 2006 , three of the band 's members would go on to form Slaves to Gravity . Throughout the band 's career , they played through Europe , Japan , America and played with acts such as Velvet Revolver , Biffy Clyro , The Wildhearts , Skid Row , Whitesnake & Andrew WK .   During an interview with the band in 2005 , Gleeson states that : `` We 're not the kind of band that if one left , we 'd just get another guy in . It 's about us as four guys , our styles and who we are as people . There 's no replacement member , that 's how we knew the band was strong . '' On 1 June 2006 the following appeared on the band 's MySpace : In May , when Rob left the band we had undoubtedly reached a crossroads in our lives . The constant set-backs and let-downs of the last 12 months had left us all feeling exhausted and disillusioned , and we knew that to survive , something had to change . We 've looked deep into ourselves and come to the conclusion that now is the time to begin again . We 've had 4 amazing years as THE * GA * GA * S , learning a lot about the way things really work in this business , and sharing our music and our lives with you all . None of us would change this experience for the world , and we thank every single one of you who has supported us throughout . We are forever indebted .   In 2005 , the band were nominated for a Kerrang ! award for ` Best British Newcomer ' , an award Slaves to Gravity would go on to win in 2008 .   In 2016 , Gleeson would later become the live-only guitarist on Feeder 's UK and Ireland tour , after Snow Patrol 's Nathan Conolly was unable to attend due to his commitments with said band .

negative: Davis Guggenheim Philip Davis Guggenheim ( born November 3 , 1963 ) is an American film and television director and producer . His credits include NYPD Blue , ER , 24 , Alias , The Shield , Deadwood , and the documentaries An Inconvenient Truth , The Road We 've Traveled , Waiting for ` Superman ' and He Named Me Malala . Since 2006 , Guggenheim is the only filmmaker to release three different documentaries that were ranked within the top 100 highest-grossing documentaries of all time ( An Inconvenient Truth , It Might Get Loud , and Waiting for ′ Superman ′ ) .

negative: The Layaways (band) The Layaways are an American indie rock band , based in Chicago . The group was founded by David Harrell ( vocals/guitar ) who released `` More Than Happy '' as a solo album in 2003 . Mike Porter ( vocals/bass ) and Nathan Burleson ( drums/vocals ) joined the lineup in 2004 for `` We 've Been Lost , '' the band 's sophomore release . The group 's third album , `` The Space Between , '' was released in 2008 , followed by `` Maybe Next Year , '' a collection of holiday songs , in 2009 . `` Silence , '' the lead-off track from `` We 've Been Lost , '' was included on the digital version of the 2012 compilation Occupy This Album . The band 's music is often described by reviewers as shoegaze or indie pop and the group has also received attention for its exploration of alternative business models and for Harrell 's frequent writings about digital music economics .

negative: Where I Am (song) `` Where I Am '' is a song performed by Danish-Australian singer Anja Nissen . The song was released as a digital download on 28 February 2017 , through Australian Broadcasting Corporation . It represented Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 , and was written by Nissen along with Angel Tupai and Michael D'Arcy .   Nissen said : `` The song is about letting go , particularly in relationships . Breaking down the emotional walls and letting you give love and receive love . Have n't we all been in that situation where we 've felt lost and we 've felt we do n't know who we are and that no one is going to accept us for who we are ? But at the end of the day we make a decision to not care and just to let go . That 's what the song is about . '' Anja Nissen wrote the song when she was 18 years old about her first relationship . She intended `` Where I Am '' to be her debut single after winning The Voice Australia in 2014 , but it never materialized .

negative: Brick by Brick (Arctic Monkeys song) `` Brick by Brick '' is a song by Arctic Monkeys from the band 's fourth album Suck It and See . The song was the first track to be revealed from the album , on 4 March 2011 , and was designed as a teaser for the album rather than a lead single . The lead single was instead `` Do n't Sit Down 'Cause I 've Moved Your Chair '' which was released digitally on 12 April . A limited-edition white-label seven-inch vinyl version of `` Do n't Sit Down 'Cause I 've Moved Your Chair '' released on 16 April featured `` Brick by Brick '' as its B-side .   Alex Turner explained the story of the song to NME : `` We were in Miami on tour once and we just got off a long flight to there and we had an idea for a song called ` Brick By Brick ' and so we wrote it that night just sorta in a bar . But it was quite loose , we thought about it as the concept of a song and all these things that you want to do - brick by brick - and we just made a list of them that was probably three times as long as what it ended up over that night and the next few weeks . ''   The song is intentionally brief and humorous , with Turner claiming that it was meant to include fewer than 30 words , `` since we always do songs with a thousand words '' , an approach borrowed from Iggy Pop . `` Even though it is dumbed down , we know it , and it 's got a sense of humor ... ( t ) here have always been jokes all over our songs ; I originally started writing lyrics to make my friends crack a smile , which is difficult . ''

negative: Elsa Bloodstone Elsa Bloodstone is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . She first appears in Marvel 's Bloodstone mini-series of 2001 written by Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning . She is the daughter of the previously established Marvel Universe character Ulysses Bloodstone and the sister of Cullen Bloodstone .   As she is a young , female monster-hunter there are potential similarities with Buffy the Vampire Slayer , although when asked about this the authors claimed `` neither of us have seen an episode of Buffy all the way through ! I know we 're missing out on some great TV but we 've determined to steer clear of Buffy at least while we 're doing Bloodstone . ''

negative: Speccy Speccy , developed by Piriform , is a freeware utility software and runs under Microsoft Windows 10 , Windows 8 , Windows 7 , Vista and XP for both IA-32 and x64 versions of these operating systems , which shows the user information about hardware and software of the computer . The information displayed by Speccy includes processor brand and model , hard drive size and speed , amount of memory ( RAM ) , information about graphics card and operating system . Speccy is for seeing what kind of hardware is present in a system and how it is being used .   Lifehacker stated in 2009 that among similar tools , Speccy was the `` cleanest and most detailed one we 've used yet . ''  Download Squad described the software as '' -LSB- though -RSB- not as detailed as some other system information tools , Speccy still provides a good deal of essential information and gathers it quickly . '' In 2010 , PC World stated that the beta test version `` gives you a remarkable amount of technical detail '' that is `` more comprehensive than other tools like Systeminfo '' . In its 2012 review Softpedia rated version 1.24.632 four stars ( of five ) .   As of Windows 10 version 1511 released in November 2015 , Speccy versions 1.28.709 and before are automatically uninstalled after downloading the update . Speccy 1.29.714 was released on December 3rd to restore Speccy to Windows 10 after the November update .

negative: Go, You Redbirds Go , You Redbirds is the fight song for the athletic teams of Illinois State University . It was written in 1932 by Kenyon S. Fletcher . The words have been changed from time to time . Prior to the fight song we know today , the Illinois State fight song was `` Normal Loyalty . '' At sporting events when an ISU athletic team enters the field or floor , the students and fans sing the first stanza of `` Go , You Redbirds . '' A new growing Redbird tradition amongst several redbird teams is to sing the fight song with the marching band to the home crowd after victories . The line `` Lets win this game '' is changed to `` We 've won this game . ''   The current lyrics for the song are :  Go you Redbirds on to battle fight for ISU ,  Raise the banner Red and White ,  To this emblem we 'll be true ,  So let us cheer the Redbirds on to victory ,  Every voice proclaim ,  We 've got the fight ,  We 've got the might ,  Lets win this game .  ISU Go !

negative: Songs from the British Isles Songs from the British Isles is a collobrative extended play by Australian singer songwriter Katie Noonan and classical guitarist Karin Schaupp , available only from Katie Noonan webshop .  It was released to support the tour ` Songs from the British Isles ' .   Katie said ; '' -LSB- it 's -RSB- a chance to rediscover the Celtic music I grew up around , the classical music I fell in love with and the pop music that has informed my voice as a songwriter in more recent years . ''   Karin Schaupp said ; `` For years we 've been saying ` We must do something together one day ... ' and finally we found the time to make it happen ! I am delighted to be collaborating with Katie - her voice is absolutely unique and she is a brilliant musician . The combination of voice and guitar is very intimate but also very versatile . We 've had a wonderful time putting together this British programme drawn from so many different styles of music , and we 've become great friends in the process ! ''

negative: This House Is Not for Sale (song) `` This House Is Not for Sale '' is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi from their thirteenth studio album , This House Is Not for Sale . It was released as the album 's lead single on August 12 , 2016 . The song was written by Jon Bon Jovi , John Shanks , and Billy Falcon , and it was produced by Jovi and Shanks . Jovi has said of `` This House Is Not for Sale '' : `` this song is about integrity and what we were going through these last three years . We 've become even closer and , as the song says , ` this heart , this soul , this house is not for sale . ' ''

negative: I've Never Seen Star Wars I 've Never Seen Star Wars may refer to :   I 've Never Seen Star Wars ( radio series ) , a BBC Radio 4 comedy chat show presented by Marcus Brigstocke , in which celebrity guest try new experiences .  I 've Never Seen Star Wars ( TV series ) , a television version of the original radio show , broadcast on BBC Four '' .

negative: The Time We Were Not in Love The Time We Were Not in Love ( ; lit . The Time I 've Loved You ) is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Ha Ji-won and Lee Jin-wook , adapted from the award winning 2011 Taiwanese drama In Time with You . It aired on SBS from June 27 to August 16 , 2015 on Saturdays and Sundays at 22:00 for 16 episodes .

negative: Seven Places Seven Places was a Christian rock band founded in 2000 . Seth Gilbert was the main songwriter and vocalist for Seven Places which was signed to BEC Recordings . The group amiably disbanded in 2005 to pursue other projects .   The band members were all originally from Medford , Oregon . `` Our name is about the seven places Jesus Christ bled from to save us from our sins , '' vocalist Seth explains . `` His hands cover the sinful things we 've done with our hands . His feet cover the places of sin we 've walked . His back covers all the times we 've turned our back on Him , and His side , which is really from His heart , allows our hardened hearts to be softened . It is all about His blood and the fact that we 're being covered by it at all points . '' Seth Gilbert currently works in the Music Ministry of Applegate Christian Fellowship in southern Oregon . Tony Pallotta became a music pastor at Mountain Christian Fellowship . Tyler Jones is married and lives in Portland , Oregon . Dave Luetkenhoelter and Jeffrey Gilbert joined Kutless , filling in the positions of bassist and drummer , respectively .   Seven Places disbanded shortly after the release of `` Hear Us Say Jesus '' in 2004 , but a new 11-track album entitled `` Glowing '' was released on June 26 , 2007 , by BEC Recordings .

negative: Houston, We've Got a Problem Houston , We 've Got a Problem is a 1974 television film about the Apollo 13 spaceflight , directed by Lawrence Doheny and starring Ed Nelson in the role of NASA Flight Director Gene Kranz .

negative: Warm Blood Warm Blood may refer to :   warmblood  Warm Blood , album by Carol Grimes  `` Warm Blood '' , song by Icelandic band Seabear on album We Built a Fire  Warm Blood ( Carly Rae Jepsen song )


query: If the same eruptions had happened near the more recent end of the dataset, they could have pushed the overall trend into negative numbers, or a long-term cooling,’ Christy said.”

positive: Global warming hiatus A global warming hiatus , also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown , is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures . In the current episode of global warming many such 15-year periods appear in the surface temperature record , along with robust evidence of the long-term warming trend ; climate is classically averaged over 30-year periods .   Publicity has surrounded claims of a global warming hiatus during the period 1998 -- 2013 . The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend , and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus : by January 2006 , it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused . A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional , and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability , the rising temperature trend continued unabated . There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report , and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend , the IPCC included a section on a hiatus , which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012 , than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012 . Various studies examined possible causes of the short-term slowdown . Even though the overall climate system has continued to accumulate energy due to Earth 's positive energy budget , the available temperature readings at the Earth 's surface indicate slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade . Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space , the retained energy should be producing warming in the Earth 's climate system .   Research reported in July 2015 on an updated NOAA dataset casts doubt on the existence of a hiatus , and it finds no indication of a slowdown even in earlier years . Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study , though they have expressed the view that the recent warming trend was less than in previous periods of the same length . Subsequently , a detailed study supports the conclusion that warming is continuing , but it also find there was less warming between 2001 and 2010 than climate models had predicted , and that this slowdown might be attributed to short-term variations in the Pacific decadal oscillation ( PDO ) , which was negative during that period . Another review finds `` no substantive evidence '' of a pause in global warming . A statistical study of global temperature data since 1970 concludes that the term ` hiatus ' or ` pause ' is not justified .   Independent of these discussions about data and measurements for earlier years , 2015 turned out to be much warmer than any of the earlier years , already before El Niño conditions started . The warmth of 2015 largely ended any remaining scientific credibility of claims that the supposed `` hiatus '' since 1998 had any significance for the long-term warming trend . In January 2017 , a study published in the journal Science Advances cast further doubt on the existence of a recent pause , with more evidence that ocean temperatures have been underestimated . An April 2017 study found the data consistent with a steady warming trend globally since the 1970s , with fluctuations within the expected range of short term variability .

positive: Phanerozoic The Phanerozoic Eon ( British English Phanærozoic ) is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale , and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed . It covers million years to the present , and began with the Cambrian Period when diverse hard-shelled animals first appeared . Its name was derived from the Ancient Greek words φανερός ( phanerós ) and ζωή ( zōḗ ) , meaning visible life , since it was once believed that life began in the Cambrian , the first period of this eon . The time before the Phanerozoic , called the Precambrian supereon , is now divided into the Hadean , Archaean and Proterozoic eons .   The time span of the Phanerozoic starts with the rapid emergence of a number of animal phyla ; the evolution of those phyla into diverse forms ; the emergence and development of complex plants ; the evolution of fish ; the emergence of insects and tetrapods ; and the development of modern fauna . Land plant life appeared in the early Phanerozoic eon . During this time span , tectonic forces caused the continents to move and eventually collect into a single landmass known as Pangaea , which then separated into the current continental landmasses .

positive: John Christy John Raymond Christy is a climate scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville ( UAH ) whose chief interests are satellite remote sensing of global climate and global climate change . He is best known , jointly with Roy Spencer , for the first successful development of a satellite temperature record .

positive: Global cooling Global cooling was a conjecture during the 1970s of imminent cooling of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere culminating in a period of extensive glaciation . This hypothesis had little support in the scientific community , but gained temporary popular attention due to a combination of a slight downward trend of temperatures from the 1940s to the early 1970s and press reports that did not accurately reflect the full scope of the scientific climate literature , which showed a larger and faster-growing body of literature projecting future warming due to greenhouse gas emissions . The current scientific opinion on climate change is that the Earth has not durably cooled , but underwent global warming throughout the 20th century .

positive: Satellite temperature measurements The temperature of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures can be inferred from satellite measurements . These measurements can be used to locate weather fronts , monitor the El Niño-Southern Oscillation , determine the strength of tropical cyclones , study urban heat islands and monitor the global climate . Wildfires , volcanos , and industrial hot spots can also be found via thermal imaging from weather satellites .   Weather satellites do not measure temperature directly . They measure radiances in various wavelength bands . Since 1978 microwave sounding units ( MSUs ) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar orbiting satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation from atmospheric oxygen , which is related to the temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere . Measurements of infrared radiation pertaining to sea surface temperature have been collected since 1967 .   Satellite datasets show that over the past four decades the troposphere has warmed and the stratosphere has cooled . Both of these trends are consistent with the influence of increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases .

negative: Crooked House Crooked House is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie first published in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company in March 1949 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 23 May of the same year .   The action takes place in and near London in the autumn of 1947 . Christie said this and Ordeal by Innocence were her favourites . It is one of only five Christie novels not to have received a screen adaptation ( although one is planned ) - the others being Death Comes as the End , Destination Unknown , Passenger to Frankfurt , and Postern of Fate .

negative: Negative interest on excess reserves Negative interest on excess reserves is an instrument of unconventional monetary policy applied by central banks to encourage lending by making it costly for commercial banks to hold their excess reserves at central banks so they will lend more readily to the private sector . Such policy is usually associated with very slow economic growth , deflation , and deleverage .   During economic downturns , central banks often lower interest rates to stimulate growth . Until recently , it was thought that rates could n't go below zero because people would hold on to cash instead of paying a fee to deposit it . It turns out this was not quite right . Central banks in Europe and in Japan have demonstrated rates can go negative , and several have pushed them in that direction for the same reason they lowered them to zero in the first place -- to provide stimulus and , where inflation is below target , to raise the inflation rate . The notion is that negative rates will provide even more incentive for commercial banks to make loans . What might have looked like a project not worth funding even in a low-interest-rate environment might now look attractive if the alternative is being charged to store money at the central bank or holding lots of cash .

negative: Mount Meager Mount Meager , originally known as Meager Mountain , is a volcanic massif in the of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia , Canada . Part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc of western North America , it is located north of Vancouver at the northern end of the Pemberton Valley and reaches a maximum elevation of . Meager is capped by several eroded volcanic edifices , including , volcanic plugs and overlapping piles of lava flows ; these form at least six major summits including Mount Meager proper which is the second highest of the massif .   The Garibaldi Volcanic Belt ( GVB ) has a long history of eruptions and poses a threat to the surrounding region . Any volcanic hazard ranging from landslides to eruptions could pose a significant risk to humans and wildlife . Although Mount Meager has not erupted for more than 2,000 years , it could produce a major eruption ; if this were to happen , relief efforts would be quickly organized . Teams such as the Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan ( IVENP ) are prepared to notify people threatened by volcanic eruptions in Canada .   Mount Meager produced the largest volcanic eruption in Canada in the last 10,000 years . About 2,400 years ago , an explosive eruption formed a volcanic crater on its northeastern flank and sent avalanches of hot ash , rock fragments and volcanic gases down the northern flank of the volcano . Evidence for more recent volcanic activity has been documented at the volcano , such as hot springs and earthquakes . Mount Meager has also been the source of several large landslides in the past , including a massive debris flow in 2010 that swept down Meager Creek and the Lillooet River .

negative: Lollipop sequence numbering Lollipop sequence numbering is a numbering scheme used in routing protocols . In this numbering scheme , sequence numbers start at a negative value , increase until they reach zero , then cycles through a finite set of positive numbers indefinitely . When a system is rebooted , the sequence is restarted from a negative number again . This allows recently rebooted systems to be distinguished from systems which have simply looped around their numbering space . This path can be visualized as a line with a circle at the end ; hence a lollipop .   Lollipop sequence numbering was originally believed to resolve the ambiguity problem in cyclic sequence numbering schemes , and was used in OSPF version 1 for this reason . Later work showed that this was not the case , and OSPF version 2 replaced it with a linear numbering space , with special rules for what happens when the sequence numbers reach the end of the numbering space .

negative: Vatnafjöll Vatnafjöll is a 40 km long , 9 km wide basaltic fissure vent system that is located southeast of Hekla , Iceland . It is part of the same system as Hekla . More than two dozen eruptions have occurred at Vatnafjöll during the Holocene Epoch . Vatnafjöll last erupted about 1200 years ago .

negative: Ember Ridge Ember Ridge is a volcanic mountain ridge associated with the Mount Cayley volcanic field in British Columbia , Canada . Ember Ridge is made of a series of steep-sided domes of glassy , complexly jointed , hornblende-phyric basalt with the most recent eruptions during the Holocene . The domes have structural similarities which indicate that the domes are similar in age and could have formed by the same foundation .

negative: Multiple sex partners Multiple sex partners ( MSP ) is the measure and incidence of engaging in sexual activities with two or more people within a specific time period . Sexual activity with MSP can happen simultaneously or serially . MSP includes sexual activity between people with the same gender . MSP can also mean that one person may have a long-term relationship or relationships , and when the second relationship begins , the person can be said to have multiple sex partners . Another term , polyamoruous is a behavior and not a measure describing multiple romantically sexually or romantically committed relationships at the same time .   Young people having MSP in the last year is an indicator used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) to evaluate risky sexual behavior in adolescents and monitoring changes in the worldwide HIV/AIDS infection rates and deaths .

negative: Something Cool Something Cool is a studio album recorded by June Christy in 1953 , 1954 , and 1955 , and featuring Christy singing 11 ( in the original release , seven ) jazz songs backed by the orchestra of Pete Rugolo . First issued in 1954 as a 10 '' mono LP , an expanded 12 '' mono LP was released the following year , with four newly recorded selections added to the track listing . In 1960 , Christy and Rugolo re-recorded all 11 selections in stereo , so that a stereo version of Something Cool could be issued . For many years , this re-recorded version of the LP was the only one commercially available .   Christy had been associated with `` cool '' jazz since her vocal work with the Stan Kenton Orchestra in the 1940s and early 1950s . As well as launching her career as a solo artist , Something Cool , according to jazz writer John Bush , was responsible for launching a whole cool movement in jazz singing . It was the first of 18 June Christy albums , most of them recorded with the backing of Pete Rugolo . This debut turned out extremely successful , the album reaching the Top 20 album charts in America .

negative: Period (periodic table) A period in the periodic table is one of the horizontal rows , all of whose elements have the same number of electron shells . Going across a period , each element has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor . Arranged this way , groups of elements in the same column have similar chemical and physical properties , reflecting the periodic law . For example , the alkali metals lie in the first column ( group 1 ) and share similar properties , such as high reactivity and the tendency to lose one electron to arrive at a noble-gas electronic configuration . At the present time , the periodic table of elements has a total of 118 elements which have been discovered to date .   Modern quantum mechanics explains these periodic trends in properties in terms of electron shells . As atomic number increases , shells fill with electrons in approximately the order shown at right . The filling of each shell corresponds to a row in the table .   In the s-block and p-block of the periodic table , elements within the same period generally do not exhibit trends and similarities in properties ( vertical trends down groups are more significant ) . However , in the d-block , trends across periods become significant , and in the f-block elements show a high degree of similarity across periods .

negative: Gram-negative folliculitis Gram-negative folliculitis occurs in patients who have had moderately inflammatory acne for long periods and have been treated with long-term antibiotics , mainly tetracyclines , a disease in which cultures of lesions usually reveals a species of Klebsiella , Escherichia coli , Enterobacter , or , from the deep cystic lesions , Proteus .

negative: Double negative A double negative is a grammatical construction occurring when two forms of negation are used in the same sentence . Multiple negation is the more general term referring to the occurrence of more than one negative in a clause . In some languages , double negatives cancel one another and produce an affirmative ; in other languages , doubled negatives intensify the negation . Languages where multiple negatives affirm each other are said to have negative concord or emphatic negation . Portuguese , Persian , Russian , Spanish , Neapolitan , Italian , Czech , and some non-standard dialects of English are examples of negative-concord languages , while Latin and German do not have negative concord . It is cross-linguistically observed that negative-concord languages are more common than those without .   Languages without negative concord typically have negative polarity items that are used in place of additional negatives when another negating word already occurs . Examples are `` ever '' , `` anything '' and `` anyone '' in the sentence `` I have n't ever owed anything to anyone '' ( cf. `` I have n't never owed nothing to no one '' in negative-concord dialects of English , and `` Nunca devi nada a ninguém '' in Portuguese , lit . `` Never have I owed nothing to no one '' , or `` Non ho mai dovuto nulla a nessuno '' in Italian ) . Note that negative polarity can be triggered not only by direct negatives such as `` not '' or `` never '' , but also by words such as `` doubt '' or `` hardly '' ( `` I doubt he has ever owed anything to anyone '' or `` He has hardly ever owed anything to anyone '' ) .   Stylistically , in English , double negatives can sometimes be used for understated affirmation ( e.g. `` I 'm not feeling bad '' vs. `` I 'm feeling good '' ) . The rhetorical term for this is litotes .

negative: Political offences in China This is a list of political offences in China . During the Maoist era , particularly during the Anti-Rightist Movement and the Cultural Revolution , the judicial system of China was often used for political persecution of rivals , and penalties such as jail terms or capital punishment were largely imposed on the authority 's political enemies , or anyone who dared to challenge it . During those times , vague accusations such as `` counter-revolutionary '' , Capitalist roader , `` running dog of the imperialist '' could have had the accused imprisoned , or shot by firing squad . These labels fell out of use following the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976 .   In more recent times , accusations such as `` possession of state secret '' , `` inciting the subversion of the state '' carry long jail terms .

negative: Bulk personal datasets `` Bulk personal datasets '' is the UK government 's euphemism for datasets containing personally identifiable information on a large number of individuals , as part of mass surveillance in the United Kingdom and on citizens around the world .   The term was first used publicly in March 2015 by the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament , and is subject to significant controversy .   Other UK Government departments have programmes utilising bulk personal datasets , one of which is the care.data programme in the Department of Health and National Health Service . In health , bulk personal datasets are created as a by-product of providing direct care .

negative: Panum Crater Panum Crater is a volcanic cone that is part of the Mono-Inyo Craters , a chain of recent volcanic cones south of Mono Lake and east of the Sierra Nevada , in California , United States . Panum Crater is between 600 and 700 years old , and it exhibits all of the characteristics of the textbook rhyolitic lava dome .   Rhyolitic volcanoes are characterized by having large amounts of silica ( quartz ) in their lava . The content of silica at Panum is about 76 percent . It makes the lava very viscous , or thick , and very glassy . Products of this rhyolitic eruption are pumice and obsidian , the volcanic glass that Native Americans used to make arrow points and scrapers .   Panum Crater formed in a sequence of events . The first event was caused by magma rising from deep within the Earth 's crust . When this extremely hot , liquid rock made contact with water just below the surface , the water expanded into steam and a large , violent eruption occurred . The material that was thrown into the air by the steam , mainly old lake bottom sediments , was deposited around the new vent in little mounds . So much debris was blown out that a gaping crater was left behind .   Once this debris was blown out , a fountain of cinders shot up a great distance into the sky . As this huge amount of ash and pumice began to fall back towards the earth , it formed a pumice ring , or cinder cone , about the original vent . This cinder cone is still visible today .   Following the violent eruptions of the first two phases , the remainder of the thick magma slowly rose to the surface in a series of domes . Each dome began with an outpouring of the viscous , rhyolitic lava which hardened and formed a cap over the vent . As magma continued to push up , the cap ( or dome ) shattered and fell to the outside of the newly formed dome . This happened so many times that a new mountain was created out of these broken pieces , called crumble breccia . The mountain continued to build in this manner until the force within the volcano weakened and no more new domes formed . The final one still stands today .   As the final dome hardened , a period of spire building began . Thick lava pushed up through cracks of the hardening dome and formed castle-like spires . If you can imagine toothpaste squeezing through the opening of a tube and forming a small tower before it topples over , you can imagine how these spires form . Most of the spires at Panum fell over and broke because of their rapid cooling and because of many small explosions at their bases . Most of the rocky debris you see at the top of the dome is the remains of spires that have crumbled .   The central lava dome was erupted from degassed material and is made up of pumice and obsidian of the same composition . The difference between the two has to do with gas escaping as the magma cooled . The magma that created the dome had dissolved gas in it , like a bottle of seltzer water . As the magma rose towards the surface where there was less pressure on it than at depth , the gas expanded producing the holes ( bubbles ) you see in the pumice . The magma that remained pressurized while it cooled quickly or that had already lost its gas , formed the obsidian .   Flow banding containing both obsidian and pumice is common at Panum Crater . Another common texture , called breadcrust , can also be seen in the dome . Breadcrust textures form when the inside of a cooling rock is still hot with gas escaping from it while the outside surface has already cooled . As the gas expands from the inside , the outside surface cracks to allow the gas to escape .

negative: Chaitén (volcano) Chaitén is a volcanic caldera 3 km in diameter , 17 km west of the elongated ice-capped Michinmahuida volcano and 10 km northeast of the town of Chaitén , near the Gulf of Corcovado in southern Chile . The most recent eruptive phase of the volcano erupted on 2008 . Originally , radiocarbon dating of older tephra from the volcano suggested that its last previous eruption was in 7420 BC ± 75 years . However , recent studies have found that the volcano is more active than thought . According to the Global Volcanism Program , its last eruption is 1640 ± 18 years .   The caldera rim reaches 1122 m above sea level . Before the current eruption , it was mostly filled by a rhyolite obsidian lava dome that reached a height of 962 m , partly devoid of vegetation . Two small lakes occupied the caldera floor on the west and north sides of the lava dome .   The translucent grey obsidian which had erupted from the volcano was used by pre-Columbian cultures as a raw material for artifacts and has been found as far away as 400 km to the south and north , for example in Chan-Chan .

negative: Generación de la Ruptura Generación de la Ruptura ( Breakaway Generation ) was a reaction of the post World War II generation of Mexican artists against the established Mexican School of Painting , more commonly called Mexican muralism . It began with the criticisms of José Luis Cuevas in the early 1950s , followed by others who thought the established art had become dogmatic , formulaic and nationalistic and the artists too deferential to the government . This new generation of artists was not bound by a particular artistic style but was more interested in personal rather than social issues and influenced by a number of international trends in art such as Abstract expressionism . Early reaction to them was strong and negative but by the end of the 1950s , they had succeeded in having their art shown in the major venues of Mexico . The Generación de la Ruptura had influence on other arts in Mexico , such as literature but it did not end the production of murals in Mexico with social and nationalist purposes .

negative: United States state legislatures' partisan trend This chart shows the trends in the partisan composition of the various state legislatures in the United States . In most cases the data point for each year is July 1 , a time when few elections are scheduled . Most states hold legislative elections in the even numbered years , so the data points below are near the end of the term for most states . Nebraska is not included in the national summaries below .

negative: Composition (combinatorics) In mathematics , a composition of an integer n is a way of writing n as the sum of a sequence of ( strictly ) positive integers . Two sequences that differ in the order of their terms define different compositions of their sum , while they are considered to define the same partition of that number . Every integer has finitely many distinct compositions . Negative numbers do not have any compositions , but 0 has one composition , the empty sequence . Each positive integer n has 2n − 1 distinct compositions .   A weak composition of an integer n is similar to a composition of n , but allowing terms of the sequence to be zero : it is a way of writing n as the sum of a sequence of non-negative integers . As a consequence every positive integer admits infinitely many weak compositions ( if their length is not bounded ) . Adding a number of terms 0 to the end of a weak composition is usually not considered to define a different weak composition ; in other words , weak compositions are assumed to be implicitly extended indefinitely by terms 0 .   To further generalize , an A-restricted composition of an integer n , for a subset A of the ( nonnegative or positive ) integers , is an ordered collection of one or more elements in A whose sum is n.

negative: Basic sequential access method In IBM mainframe operating systems , Basic sequential access method ( BSAM ) is an access method to read and write datasets sequentially . BSAM is available on OS/360 , OS/VS2 , MVS , z/OS , and related operating systems .   BSAM is used for devices that are naturally sequential , such as punched card readers , punches , line printers , and magnetic tape . It is also used for data on devices that could also be addressed directly , such as magnetic disks . BSAM offers device independence : to the extent possible , the same API calls are used for different devices .   BSAM allows programs to read and write physical blocks of data , as opposed to the more powerful but less flexible Queued Sequential Access Method ( QSAM ) which allows programs to access logical records within physical blocks of data .  The BSAM user must be aware of the possibility of encountering short ( truncated ) blocks ( blocks within a dataset which are shorter than the BLKSIZE of the dataset ) , particularly at the end of a dataset , but also in many cases within a dataset . QSAM has none of these limitations .

negative: Tuya A tuya is a type of distinctive , flat-topped , steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet . They are somewhat rare worldwide , being confined to regions which were covered by glaciers and had active volcanism during the same period .   Lava that erupts under a glacier cools very quickly and can not travel far , so it piles up into a steep-sided hill . If the eruption continues long enough , it either melts all the ice or emerges through the top of the ice and then creates normal-looking lava flows that make a flat cap on top of the hill . Discovering and dating the lava flows in a tuya has proven useful in reconstructing past glacial ice extents and thicknesses .

negative: Liquidmetal Liquidmetal and Vitreloy are commercial names of a series of amorphous metal alloys developed by a California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) research team and marketed by Liquidmetal Technologies . Liquidmetal alloys combine a number of desirable material features , including high tensile strength , excellent corrosion resistance , very high coefficient of restitution and excellent anti-wearing characteristics , while also being able to be heat-formed in processes similar to thermoplastics . Despite the name , they are not liquid at room temperature .   Liquidmetal was introduced for commercial applications in 2003 . It is used for , among other things , golf clubs , watches and covers of cell phones .   The alloy was the end result of a research program into amorphous metals carried out at Caltech . It was the first of a series of experimental alloys that could achieve an amorphous structure at relatively slow cooling rates . Amorphous metals had been made before , but only in small batches because cooling rates needed to be in the millions of degrees per second . For example , amorphous wires could be fabricated by splat quenching a stream of molten metal on a spinning disk . Because Vitreloy allowed such slow cooling rates , production of larger batch sizes was possible . More recently , a number of additional alloys have been added to the Liquidmetal portfolio . These alloys also retain their amorphous structure after repeated re-heating , allowing them to be used in a wide variety of traditional machining processes .

negative: Poás Volcano National Park Poás Volcano National Park , in Spanish Parque Nacional Volcán Poás , is a National Park in Costa Rica that covers an area of approximately 16000 acre ; the summit is 8900 ft. Until recently visitors could usually walk all the way to the edge of the main crater , but on April 13 , 2017 the park was closed to visitors due to an explosive eruption on the evening of April 12 . Still further eruptions , including Easter , April 16 , have closed the park until further notice .   The volcano is located in the Central Volcanic Conservation Area located in the Alajuela Province near the Pacific coast of Costa Rica , which encompasses the area around the Poás Volcano . The main crater is 950 ft deep and is quite active with frequent small geyser and lava eruptions , however the last major eruptions were during 1952-54 . Two more craters make up parts of the park , the extinct Von Frantzuis crater and the Botos crater . Botos is a beautiful cold , green water crater lake with a diameter of 1200 ft. The Botos crater has not erupted for about 7,500 years . Well-marked trails lead to the two inactive craters , conditions permitting .   The park has been frequently closed to visitors because of sulphuric gas emissions . Over the last decade there were a number of indications that the volcano was slowly building up towards a new eruption .

negative: Trend line (technical analysis) In finance , a trend line is a bounding line for the price movement of a security . It is formed when a diagonal line can be drawn between a minimum of three or more price pivot points . A line can be drawn between any two points , but it does not qualify as a trend line until tested . Hence the need for the third point , the test . Trend lines are commonly used to decide entry and exit timing when trading securities . They can also be referred to as a Dutch line , as the concept was first used in Holland .   A support trend line is formed when a securities price decreases and then rebounds at a pivot point that aligns with at least two previous support pivot points . Similarly a resistance trend line is formed when a securities price increases and then rebounds at a pivot point that aligns with at least two previous resistance pivot points . Stock often begin or end trending because of a stock catalyst such as a product launch or change in management .   Trend lines are a simple and widely used technical analysis approach to judging entry and exit investment timing . To establish a trend line historical data , typically presented in the format of a chart such as the above price chart , is required . Historically , trend lines have been drawn by hand on paper charts , but it is now more common to use charting software that enables trend lines to be drawn on computer based charts . There are some charting software that will automatically generate trend lines , however most traders prefer to draw their own trend lines .   When establishing trend lines it is important to choose a chart based on a price interval period that aligns with your trading strategy . Short term traders tend to use charts based on interval periods , such as 1 minute ( i.e. the price of the security is plotted on the chart every 1 minute ) , with longer term traders using price charts based on hourly , daily , weekly and monthly interval periods .   However , time periods can also be viewed in terms of years . For example , below is a chart of the S&P 500 since the earliest data point until April 2008 . While the Oracle example above uses a linear scale of price changes , long term data is more often viewed as logarithmic : e.g. the changes are really an attempt to approximate percentage changes than pure numerical value .   Trend lines are typically used with price charts , however they can also be used with a range of technical analysis charts such as MACD and RSI . Trend lines can be used to identify positive and negative trending charts , whereby a positive trending chart forms an upsloping line when the support and the resistance pivots points are aligned , and a negative trending chart forms a downsloping line when the support and resistance pivot points are aligned .   Trend lines are used in many ways by traders . If a stock price is moving between support and resistance trend lines , then a basic investment strategy commonly used by traders , is to buy a stock at support and sell at resistance , then short at resistance and cover the short at support . The logic behind this , is that when the price returns to an existing principal trend line it may be an opportunity to open new positions in the direction of the trend , in the belief that the trend line will hold and the trend will continue further . A second way is that when price action breaks through the principal trend line of an existing trend , it is evidence that the trend may be going to fail , and a trader may consider trading in the opposite direction to the existing trend , or exiting positions in the direction of the trend .

negative: Victorian Railways power vans The Victorian Railways ( VR ) of Australia and successors have utilised a number of different types of railway carriages and wagons for the supply of head end power to passenger trains on the Victorian railway network .   When train travellers around the world began to enjoy such comforts as lighting , and heating and cooling , the Victorian Railways initially employed axle mounted generators -RSB- , then progressed to more reliable head-end power ( HEP ) as a source for this equipment . In more recent times , vans have been specially built for the purpose of supplying HEP , or special generators are fitted to locomotives ( the N and P classes )

negative: Reflation Reflation is the act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by reducing taxes , seeking to bring the economy ( specifically price level ) back up to the long-term trend , following a dip in the business cycle . It is the opposite of disinflation , which seeks to return the economy back down to the long-term trend .   Reflation , which can be considered a form of inflation ( increase in the price level ) , is contrasted with inflation ( narrowly speaking ) in that `` bad '' inflation is inflation above the long-term trend line , while reflation is a recovery of the price level when it has fallen below the trend line . For example , if inflation had been running at a 3 % rate , but for one year it falls to 0 % , the following year would need 6 % inflation ( actually 6.09 % due to compounding ) to catch back up to the long-term trend . This higher than normal inflation is considered reflation , since it is a return to trend , not exceeding the long-term trend .   This distinction is predicated on a theory of economic growth where there is long-term growth in the economy and price level , which is widely accepted in economics . Just as disinflation is considered an acceptable antidote to high inflation , reflation is considered to be an antidote to deflation ( which , unlike inflation , is considered bad regardless of its magnitude ) .

negative: Negative transfer (memory) Negative transfer is a behavioral psychology term that refers to the interference of the previous knowledge with new learning . It relates to the experience with one set of events could hurt performance on related tasks . It also describes the pattern of error in animal learning and behavior . It occurs when a learned , previously adaptive response to one stimulus interferes with the acquisition of an adaptive response to a novel stimulus that is similar to the first .   A common example is switching from a manual transmission vehicle to an automatic transmission vehicle . The adaptive response series in a standard vehicle when it reaches 10 miles per hour is to step on the clutch , shift gears , and step on the accelerator . This previously adaptive response is incompatible with the proper response in an automatic transmission , confirming how prior experience can limit the ability to function efficiently in new settings .   Negative transfer can also correspond with positive transfer and the errors that come with negative transfer can sometimes be made at faster rates . Although positive transfer is more likely than negative transfer , error rates can be much higher when negative transfer does occur than if no previously learned behavior had existed .   For example , if a mariner already knows how to operate navigation equipment and if negative transfer occurs , he or she may display more errors while learning to operate new equipment than a mariner who has never operated navigation equipment . This is because the old mariner is using previous knowledge that may have transferred negatively and now is having to forget the prior inaccurate knowledge and try to learn new equipment the correct way . This is because the learning that was transferred can not properly apply to the new experience . Another example of this might be the way an experience of the same kind has different protocol for different situations . If a mariner has already learned how to quickly react to an alarm , the same mariner may react to the same alarm on new equipment even more quickly ( positive transfer on reaction time ) than without already knowing how to react . Although the reaction may happen very quickly , it may be to push the wrong alarm switch located in the same position as the old alarm switch ( negative transfer on error rate ) . In essence , the old behavior contributes to making errors at a faster rate on the new behavior .   A common test for negative transfer is the AB-AC list learning paradigm from the verbal learning research of the 1950s and 1960s . In this paradigm , two lists of paired associates are learned in succession , and if the second set of associations ( List 2 ) constitutes a modification of the first set of associations ( List 1 ) , negative transfer results and thus the learning rate of the second list is slower than the first list .   An elementary example of transfer learning would be , for example , in dealing with subject -- verb agreement : When you have a singular subject you have to add and `` s '' on the end of the verb and when you have a plural subject you do not put an `` s '' on the end of the verb . However , when they are the subjects `` I '' and `` You '' , they do not follow this rule . Therefore , if students take the previously learned lesson of subject -- verb agreement and have not learned the exception properly they are going to be adding `` s '' on the end of the verbs in their sentences , which is incorrect . This is an example of negative transfer because they have taken what they have learned from one set of rules and have applied it to a similar experience but in the wrong way .   Studies have shown that not only by reevaluating the situation and its errors but by comparing them to others who have attempted the same task allows for deeper insight into how to correct ones ability or knowledge of a situation . By having the ability to compare oneself to another individuals performance adjustments can be better internalized and negative effects can be calculated and seen before they are even made . This allows for the error rate to slow down with the positive transfer rate to increase . When applying what has been learned to another similar task , one can now take what has been learned along with the comparisons of what others have accomplished and apply it more accurately . It would almost be like getting five chances to learn from one exercise when in actuality you only attempted it once .   According to research done by Magda Osman , without external normative standards , such as making a comparison with another 's learning experiences , self-perceptions of the knowledge and control ability of self-conditions lead to negative self-assessments . Moreover , along with poor self-efficacy judgments , individuals also undervalued the relevancy of previously gained knowledge in assisting them in the transfer task . The reason for this is because individuals overcompensate in their error detection and correction , which leads them to ignore rather than transfer relevant prior information . As a consequence this has negative effects on their performance because they have failed to utilize prior relevant knowledge .   Remember to consider the negative learnings that can transfer over from prior experiences when introducing something new . Address the negatives to help extinguish the error rates that might occur . Luckily , while negative transfer is a real and often problematic phenomenon of learning , it is of much less concern to education than positive transfer . Negative transfer typically causes trouble only in the early stages of learning a new domain . With experience , learners correct for the effects of negative transfer .

negative: Positive-definite matrix In linear algebra , a symmetric real matrix is said to be positive definite if the scalar is positive for every non-zero column vector of real numbers . Here denotes the transpose of .   More generally , an Hermitian matrix is said to be positive definite if the scalar is real and positive for all non-zero column vectors of complex numbers . Here denotes the conjugate transpose of .   The negative definite , positive semi-definite , and negative semi-definite matrices are defined in the same way , except that in the last two cases 0 's are allowed , i.e. the expression or is required to be always negative , non-negative , and non-positive , respectively .   Positive definite matrices are closely related to positive-definite symmetric bilinear forms ( or sesquilinear forms in the complex case ) , and to inner products of vector spaces .   Some authors use more general definitions of `` positive definite '' that include some non-symmetric real matrices , or non-Hermitian complex ones .

negative: Rally (stock market) A rally is a period of sustained increases in the prices of stocks , bonds or indexes . This type of price movement can happen during either a bull or a bear market , when it is known as either a bull market rally or a bear market rally , respectively . However , a rally will generally follow a period of flat or declining prices .   An increase in prices during a primary trend bear market is called a bear market rally . A bear market rally is sometimes defined as an increase of 10 % to 20 % . Bear market rallies typically begin suddenly and are often short-lived . Notable bear market rallies occurred in the Dow Jones index after the 1929 stock market crash leading down to the market bottom in 1932 , and throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s . The Japanese Nikkei 225 has been typified by a number of bear market rallies since the late 1980s while experiencing an overall long-term downward trend .

negative: Karlino oil eruption The Karlino oil eruption was an oil well blowout that took place on December 9 , 1980 , near Karlino , a town located in Pomerania in northern Poland , near the Baltic Sea coast . The eruption and the fire that followed it put an end to the hope of Poland becoming a `` second Kuwait '' . It took more than a month for Polish , Soviet and Hungarian firefighters to completely extinguish the fire . The eruption was the result of an extensive search for underground oil deposits that took place in the area in 1980 .

negative: Cool Christy Cool Christy is a 2002 double-CD compilation of recordings by jazz vocalist June Christy from 1945 to 1951 .

negative: Anti-Catalanism Anti-Catalanism ( anticatalanisme , -LSB- ˌantikətəɫəˈnizmə -RSB- ) is the collective name given to various historical trends in Spain that have been hostile to Catalan culture and traditions .  In more recent times it is a term used to criticize political stances contrary to Catalan nationalism or Catalan independentism , both within and without Catalonia .

negative: Negative consequentialism Negative consequentialism is a version of the ethical theory consequentialism , which is `` one of the major theories of normative ethics . '' Like other versions of consequentialism , negative consequentialism holds that moral right and wrong depend only on the value of outcomes . That is , for negative and other versions of consequentialism , questions such as `` what should I do ? '' and `` what kind of person should I be ? '' are answered only based on consequences . Negative consequentialism differs from other versions of consequentialism by giving greater weight in moral deliberations to what is bad ( e.g. suffering or injustice ) than what is good ( e.g. happiness or justice ) .   A specific type of consequentialism is utilitarianism , which says that the consequences that matter are those that affect well-being . Consequentialism is broader than utilitarianism in that consequentialism can say that the value of outcomes depend on other things than well-being ; for example , justice , fairness , and equality . Negative utilitarianism is thus a form of negative consequentialism . Much more has been written explicitly about negative utilitarianism than directly about negative consequentialism , although since negative utilitarianism is a form of negative consequentialism , everything that has been written about negative utilitarianism is by definition about a specific ( utilitarian ) version of negative consequentialism . Similarly to how there are many variations of consequentialism and negative utilitarianism , there are many versions of negative consequentialism , for example negative prioritarianism and negative consequentialist egalitarianism .   G. E. Moore 's ethics can be said to be a negative consequentialism ( more precisely , a consequentialism with a negative utilitarian component ) , because he has been labeled a consequentialist , and he said that `` consciousness of intense pain is , by itself , a great evil '' whereas `` the mere consciousness of pleasure , however intense , does not , by itself , appear to be a great good , even if it has some slight intrinsic value . In short , pain ( if we understand by this expression , the consciousness of pain ) appears to be a far worse evil than pleasure is a good . '' Moore wrote in the first half of the 20th century before any of the terms ` consequentialism , ' ` negative utilitarianism ' or ` negative consequentialism ' were coined , and he did not use the term ` negative consequentialism ' himself . Similarly to Moore , Ingemar Hedenius defended a consequentialism that could be called negative ( or could be said to have a negative utilitarian component ) because he assigned more importance to suffering than to happiness . Hedenius saw the worst in life , such as infernalistic suffering , as so evil that calculations of happiness versus suffering becomes unnecessary ; he did not see that such evil could be counterbalanced by any good , such as happiness .   Philosophy professor Clark Wolf defends `` negative consequentialism as a component of a larger theory of justice . '' Walter Sinnott-Armstrong interprets Bernard Gert 's moral system as a `` sophisticated form of negative objective universal public rule consequentialism . '' Jamie Mayerfeld argues for a strong duty to relieve suffering , which is consequentialist in form . He says that `` suffering is more bad than happiness is good , '' and that `` the lifelong bliss of many people , no matter how many , can not justify our allowing the lifelong torture of one . ''