Stan Poley came along and he invented this thing they called an assembler so that was the symbolic optimizing assembly program this language where you could write in words if you wanted the computer to add something about the word add you could use symbolic variable names instead of hard coding memory addresses it is this much more powerful way of thinking about programming you were much more productive made much fewer errors assembly was shown to these guys the guys coding in a binary and they just weren't interested at all they just didn't get it they didn't see any value in doing this stuff so there can be a lot of resistance to new ways of working that require you to have unlearn what you've already learned and think in new ways and there can even be like outright hostility so John von Neumann the great scientist who invented the von neumann computer architecture that we use and so many other things he said I don't see why anybody woud need anything other than machine code and he one-time so he had a bunch of students and students were all kinda coding along and in binary and one time one of his  students took a little time out to write out his own little assembler so he could write in assembly and by von neumann was furious at him furious that he would waste precious machine time doing the assembly that was clerical work that was supposed to be for people right and so we saw the same story happened just a little bit later when john backus and friends came up with us idea they called fortran this is so call high-level language where you could write out your formulas as if your writing mathmatical notation you could write out loops and this was shown to the assembly programmers and once again they just they weren't interested they don't see any value in that they just didn't get it so um I want you to keep this in mind as I talk about the four big ideas that I'm going to talk about today that it's easy to think that technology technology is always getting better because Moore's law because computers are getting always more capable but ideas that require people to unlearn what they've learned and think in new ways there's often enormous amount of resistance people over here they think they know what they're doing they think they know a programming is this programming that's not programming and so there's going to be a lot of resistance to adopting new ideas the four ideas I want talk about today this is all coming out a very recent research the first one is today we writer programs in code. 