In the last lecture, we explored the ways in which the seventeenth century crisis intensified a process that was latent in the era before, which saw the ways in which regimes around Afro-Eurasia began the process of filling in the more empty spaces driven by global money, driven by the reorganization of political power and colonization of distant spaces increased the velocity of this process particularly after 1648 and 1644 in China, 1648 in Europe, 1644 in China, which saw regimes across Euroasia resolve a set of conflicts, and extrude their conflicts at words. 