#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;

const long double PI = acos(-1);
constexpr long double EPS = 1e-15;
constexpr int inf = 2e9;
constexpr ll INF = 2e18;
constexpr ll MOD = 1e9+7;
constexpr ll MOD1 = 998244353;
typedef pair<ll,ll> P;

//#define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end()
#define rep(i,a,b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define REP(i,n) rep(i,0,n)
#define sz(s) (s).size()
#define pb push_back
#define fi first
#define se second
//#define mp make_pair

int main(){
  string s;
  cin >> s;
  int cnt = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < sz(s) ; i++) {
    if (s[i] == '*') break;
    if (s[i] == '(') cnt++;
    else cnt--;
  }
  cout << cnt << endl;
  return 0;
}

