#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <cstdlib>
#define INF 100000000
#define _INF -100000000
#define INFLL (long long)1e14
#define _INFLL (long long)-1e14
#define Loop(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)n; i++)
#define Loop1(i, n) for(int i = 1; i <= (int)n; i++)
#define Loopr(i, n) for(int i = (int)n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define Loopr1(i, n) for(int i = (int)n; i >= 1; i--)
using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vector<int>> vvi;
typedef vector<ll> vll;
typedef vector<vector<ll>> vvll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;

int main() {
	int t; cin >> t;
	Loop(i, t) {
		int n, d; cin >> n >> d;
		int cnt = 0;
		Loop(j, n - 1) {
			int x = 127 - d;
			d = x;
			cnt++;
		}
		cout << cnt * 127 + d << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}