#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using std::max;
using std::min;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f, Inf = 0x7fffffff;
const long long INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) unsigned int rnd() {
  static unsigned int seed = 416;
  return seed ^= seed >> 5, seed ^= seed << 17, seed ^= seed >> 13;
}
template <typename _Tp>
_Tp gcd(const _Tp &a, const _Tp &b) {
  return (!b) ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
}
template <typename _Tp>
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) _Tp abs(const _Tp &a) {
  return a >= 0 ? a : -a;
}
template <typename _Tp>
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) void chmax(_Tp &a, const _Tp &b) {
  (a < b) && (a = b);
}
template <typename _Tp>
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) void chmin(_Tp &a, const _Tp &b) {
  (b < a) && (a = b);
}
template <typename _Tp>
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) void read(_Tp &x) {
  char ch(getchar());
  bool f(false);
  while (!isdigit(ch)) f |= ch == 45, ch = getchar();
  x = ch & 15, ch = getchar();
  while (isdigit(ch)) x = (((x << 2) + x) << 1) + (ch & 15), ch = getchar();
  f && (x = -x);
}
template <typename _Tp, typename... Args>
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) void read(_Tp &t, Args &...args) {
  read(t);
  read(args...);
}
template <typename _Tp, typename... Args>
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) _Tp min(const _Tp &a, const _Tp &b,
                                                  const Args &...args) {
  return a < b ? min(a, args...) : min(b, args...);
}
template <typename _Tp, typename... Args>
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) _Tp max(const _Tp &a, const _Tp &b,
                                                  const Args &...args) {
  return a < b ? max(b, args...) : max(a, args...);
}
__inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) int read_str(char *s) {
  char ch(getchar());
  while (ch == ' ' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\n') ch = getchar();
  char *tar = s;
  *tar = ch, ch = getchar();
  while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\r' && ch != '\n' && ch != EOF)
    *(++tar) = ch, ch = getchar();
  return tar - s + 1;
}
const int N = 100005;
long long k;
long long solve(long long id) {
  if (!id) return (k * (k + 1)) >> 1;
  long long i = id / k, t = id % k;
  long long X = solve(i);
  long long val =
      (((k + 1) * k) >> 1) - t + max(0ll, k - max(1ll, X - t * k) + 1);
  return val;
}
void MAIN() {
  long long n;
  read(n, k);
  long long B = (n - 1) / (k * k + 1);
  long long val = B * (k * k + 1) + solve(B);
  if (val == n)
    printf("%lld\n", (k + 1) * (B + 1));
  else {
    long long ans = n + B * k - B - (val < n) +
                    max(0ll, (n - B * (k * k + 1) - 1 - (val < n)) / k);
    printf("%lld\n", ans);
  }
}
int main() {
  int _;
  read(_);
  while (_--) MAIN();
  return 0;
}
