#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void _print(long long t) { cerr << t; }
void _print(string t) { cerr << t; }
void _print(char t) { cerr << t; }
void _print(double t) { cerr << t; }
template <class T, class V>
void _print(pair<T, V> p) {
  cerr << "{";
  _print(p.first);
  cerr << ",";
  _print(p.second);
  cerr << "}";
}
template <class T>
void _print(vector<T> v) {
  cerr << "[ ";
  for (T i : v) {
    _print(i);
    cerr << " ";
  }
  cerr << "]";
}
template <class T>
void _print(set<T> v) {
  cerr << "[ ";
  for (T i : v) {
    _print(i);
    cerr << " ";
  }
  cerr << "]";
}
template <class T>
void _print(multiset<T> v) {
  cerr << "[ ";
  for (T i : v) {
    _print(i);
    cerr << " ";
  }
  cerr << "]";
}
template <class T, class V>
void _print(map<T, V> v) {
  cerr << "[ ";
  for (auto i : v) {
    _print(i);
    cerr << " ";
  }
  cerr << "]";
}
bool revsort(long long a, long long b) { return a > b; }
void swap(long long &x, long long &y) {
  long long temp = x;
  x = y;
  y = temp;
}
void solve() {
  long long n, k;
  cin >> n >> k;
  if (k >= n) {
    cout << n * (n - 1) / 2 + 1 << "\n";
  } else {
    cout << k * (k + 1) / 2 << "\n";
  }
}
int32_t main() {
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(NULL);
  cout.tie(NULL);
  long long t;
  cin >> t;
  while (t--) {
    solve();
  }
}
