#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void cerr_(istream_iterator<string> it) { (void)it; }
template <class T, class... Args>
void cerr_(istream_iterator<string> it, T a, Args... args) {
  cerr << *it << " = " << a << endl;
  cerr_(++it, args...);
}
template <class T, class S>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, S> &p) {
  os << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";
  return os;
}
template <class T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) {
  os << '{';
  string sep;
  for (const auto &x : v) os << sep << x, sep = ", ";
  return os << '}';
}
template <class T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const set<T> &s) {
  os << '{';
  string sep;
  for (const auto &x : s) os << sep << x, sep = ", ";
  return os << '}';
}
template <class T, class S>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const map<T, S> &m) {
  os << '{';
  string sep;
  for (const auto &x : m) os << sep << x, sep = ", ";
  return os << '}';
}
template <class T, size_t size>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const array<T, size> &arr) {
  os << '{';
  string sep;
  for (const auto &x : arr) os << sep << x, sep = ", ";
  return os << '}';
}
void run_test() {
  int n, r;
  cin >> n >> r;
  long long x = min(n - 1, r);
  long long ans = (1LL + x) * x / 2;
  if (r >= n) ans++;
  cout << ans << endl;
}
int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  int t_;
  cin >> t_;
  while (t_--) run_test();
  return 0;
}
