lavf: use the new bitstream filter for extracting extradata

This merges commits 8e2ea691351c5079cdab245ff7bfa5c0f3e3bfe4 and
096a8effa3f8f3455292c958c3ed07e798def7bd by Anton Khirnov, with the
following change:

- extract_extradata_check() is added to know if the codec is supported
by the bsf before trying to initialize it. This behaviour is similar to
the old AVCodecParser.split checks.

The FATE reference changes are due to the filtered out NAL units that
the old AVCodecParser.split implementation left alone.
Decoding is unchanged as the functions that parse extradata simply
ignored said unnecessary NAL units.

Signed-off-by: James Almer <jamrial@gmail.com>
