block: Switch bdrv_co_get_block_status() to byte-based

We are gradually converting to byte-based interfaces, as they are
easier to reason about than sector-based.  Convert another internal
function (no semantic change); and as with its public counterpart,
rename to bdrv_co_block_status() and split the offset return, to
make the compiler enforce that we catch all uses.  For now, we
assert that callers and the return value still use aligned data,
but ultimately, this will be the function where we hand off to a
byte-based driver callback, and will eventually need to add logic
to ensure we round calls according to the driver's
request_alignment then touch up the result handed back to the
caller, to start permitting a caller to pass unaligned offsets.

Note that we are now prepared to accepts 'bytes' larger than INT_MAX;
this is okay as long as we clamp things internally before violating
any 32-bit limits, and makes no difference to how a client will
use the information (clients looping over the entire file must
already be prepared for consecutive calls to return the same status,
as drivers are already free to return shorter-than-maximal status
due to any other convenient split points, such as when the L2 table
crosses cluster boundaries in qcow2).

Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
