block: Convert bdrv_co_discard() to byte-based

Another step towards byte-based interfaces everywhere.  Replace
the sector-based bdrv_co_discard() with a new byte-based
bdrv_co_pdiscard(), which silently ignores any unaligned head
or tail.  Driver callbacks will be converted in followup patches.

By calculating the alignment outside of the loop, and clamping
the max discard to an aligned value, we can simplify the actions
done within the loop.

Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1468624988-423-2-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
