evp_test: allow FIPS provider version based escapes in evp_test

Also fix a number of regressions when run against the 3.0.0 FIPS provider
that result from bug fixes.

Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Shane Lontis <shane.lontis@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/19201)
