Fix tf.compat.v1.placeholder_with_default vulnerability with quantized types.

When iterating through the tensor to extract shape values, an underlying missing kernel
(`StridedSlice` for quantized types) causes an error, which then results in a `nullptr`
being passed to `ParseDimensionValue()`, causing a segfault.

The `nullptr` check allows the missing kernel error to propagate.
Adding the missing kernel registrations allows the shape values
to be extracted successfully.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 445045957