btrfs: validate type when reading a chunk

Reported in https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199839, with an
image that has an invalid chunk type but does not return an error.

Add chunk type check in btrfs_check_chunk_valid, to detect the wrong
type combinations.

Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199839
Reported-by: Xu Wen <wen.xu@gatech.edu>
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Gu Jinxiang <gujx@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
