APA格式

格式

虽然有些作者对于APA格式其中的一些规范感到不妥，但APA格式仍备受推崇。期刊采用同一种格式能够让读者有效率的浏览和搜集文献资料，写作时感到不确定的学者们发现这样的格式手册非常有帮助。譬如，手册中的“非歧视语言”章节明文禁止作者针对女性和弱势团体使用歧视的文字，不过使用APA格式的学术期刊有时也会为了让文章更有条理而允许作者忽略此规定。

参考文献清单

APA格式规定“参考文献”部分的人名必须以姓氏的字母顺序来排列，包括姓氏的前缀。譬如，Martin de Rijke应被改成“De Rijke, M.”；Saif Al Falasi则改成“Al-Falasi, Saif.”。（阿拉伯文名字通常在姓氏和前缀之间加上连字号“−”，所以姓氏和前缀自成一体。）

纸本文献

单一作者著作的书籍：

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
两位作者以上合著的书籍：

Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.
文集中的文章：

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.
期刊中的文章（连续页码）：

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.
期刊中的文章（非连续页码）：

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.
月刊杂志中的文章：

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
报纸中的文章：

Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). Misquotes are "Problematastic" says Mayor. Toronto Sol. p. 4.
政府官方文献：

Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for employees (MP 65–347/1124). Ottawa: Minister of Immigration and Revenue.

线上文献

针对电子文献、网站和线上文章，APA格式的网站上有订定一些基本的规则，第一就是提供读者详细的文献内容来源，第二为提供其有效的参考来源。
网络文章的打印版本

Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of colour versus black and white [Electronic version]。Journal of Pointless Research, 11, 123–124.
电子期刊的文章（只有网络版的期刊）

Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture. Felines & Felons, 4, Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from http://journals.f+f.org/spectre/vblofeld-0046g.html
电子简讯（newsletter）的文章

Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popular writing: Project update. Off the beaten path, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999, from http://www.newsletter.offthebeatenpath.news/otr/complaints.html
单篇线上文献（无作者及著作日期）
What I did today. (n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from http://www.cc.mystory.life/blog/didtoday.html
从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献

Rogers, B. (2078). Faster-than-light travel: What we've learned in the first twenty years. Retrieved August 24, 2079, from Mars University, Institute for Martian Studies Web site: http://www.eg.spacecentraltoday.mars/university/dept.html
从数据库搜寻的期刊文章的电子复制版本（3至5位作者）

Costanza, G., Seinfeld, J., Benes, E., Kramer, C., & Peterman, J. (1993). Minutiæ and insignificant observations from the nineteen-nineties. Journal about Nothing, 52, 475–649. Retrieved October 31, 1999, from NoTHINGJournals database.
电子邮件或其他个人通讯（限定文字）

(A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001).
储存于光碟的书籍

Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [CD]。New York: Random House/Listening Library. 
储存于录音带的书籍

Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [Cassette Recording No. 1999-1999-1999]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.