Chapter 5. Preparing PXE assets for OpenShift Container Platform
Chapter 5. Preparing PXE assets for OpenShift Container Platform Use the following procedures to create the assets needed to PXE boot an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using the Agent-based Installer. The assets you create in these procedures will deploy a single-node OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can use these procedures as a basis and modify configurations according to your requirements. See Installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the Agent-based Installer to learn about more configurations available with the Agent-based Installer. 5.1. Prerequisites You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes. 5.2. Downloading the Agent-based Installer Use this procedure to download the Agent-based Installer and the CLI needed for your installation. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console using your login credentials. Navigate to Datacenter . Click Run Agent-based Installer locally . Select the operating system and architecture for the OpenShift Installer and Command line interface . Click Download Installer to download and extract the install program. Download or copy the pull secret by clicking on Download pull secret or Copy pull secret . Click Download command-line tools and place the openshift-install binary in a directory that is on your PATH . 5.3. Creating the preferred configuration inputs Use this procedure to create the preferred configuration inputs used to create the PXE files. Procedure Install nmstate dependency by running the following command: USD sudo dnf install /usr/bin/nmstatectl -y Place the openshift-install binary in a directory that is on your PATH. Create a directory to store the install configuration by running the following command: USD mkdir ~/<directory_name> Note This is the preferred method for the Agent-based installation. Using GitOps ZTP manifests is optional. Create the install-config.yaml file by running the following command: USD cat << EOF > ./<directory_name>/install-config.yaml apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: test.example.com compute: - architecture: amd64 1 hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker replicas: 0 controlPlane: architecture: amd64 hyperthreading: Enabled name: master replicas: 1 metadata: name: sno-cluster 2 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 192.168.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 3 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: 4 none: {} pullSecret: '<pull_secret>' 5 sshKey: '<ssh_pub_key>' 6 EOF 1 Specify the system architecture. Valid values are amd64 , arm64 , ppc64le , and s390x . If you are using the release image with the multi payload, you can install the cluster on different architectures such as arm64 , amd64 , s390x , and ppc64le . Otherwise, you can install the cluster only on the release architecture displayed in the output of the openshift-install version command. For more information, see "Verifying the supported architecture for installing an Agent-based Installer cluster". 2 Required. Specify your cluster name. 3 The cluster network plugin to install. The default value OVNKubernetes is the only supported value. 4 Specify your platform. Note For bare metal platforms, host settings made in the platform section of the install-config.yaml file are used by default, unless they are overridden by configurations made in the agent-config.yaml file. 5 Specify your pull secret. 6 Specify your SSH public key. Note If you set the platform to vSphere or baremetal , you can configure IP address endpoints for cluster nodes in three ways: IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 and IPv6 in parallel (dual-stack) IPv6 is supported only on bare metal platforms. Example of dual-stack networking networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 172.21.0.0/16 hostPrefix: 23 - cidr: fd02::/48 hostPrefix: 64 machineNetwork: - cidr: 192.168.11.0/16 - cidr: 2001:DB8::/32 serviceNetwork: - 172.22.0.0/16 - fd03::/112 networkType: OVNKubernetes platform: baremetal: apiVIPs: - 192.168.11.3 - 2001:DB8::4 ingressVIPs: - 192.168.11.4 - 2001:DB8::5 Note When you use a disconnected mirror registry, you must add the certificate file that you created previously for your mirror registry to the additionalTrustBundle field of the install-config.yaml file. Create the agent-config.yaml file by running the following command: USD cat > agent-config.yaml << EOF apiVersion: v1beta1 kind: AgentConfig metadata: name: sno-cluster rendezvousIP: 192.168.111.80 1 hosts: 2 - hostname: master-0 3 interfaces: - name: eno1 macAddress: 00:ef:44:21:e6:a5 rootDeviceHints: 4 deviceName: /dev/sdb networkConfig: 5 interfaces: - name: eno1 type: ethernet state: up mac-address: 00:ef:44:21:e6:a5 ipv4: enabled: true address: - ip: 192.168.111.80 prefix-length: 23 dhcp: false dns-resolver: config: server: - 192.168.111.1 routes: config: - destination: 0.0.0.0/0 -hop-address: 192.168.111.2 -hop-interface: eno1 table-id: 254 EOF 1 This IP address is used to determine which node performs the bootstrapping process as well as running the assisted-service component. You must provide the rendezvous IP address when you do not specify at least one host's IP address in the networkConfig parameter. If this address is not provided, one IP address is selected from the provided hosts' networkConfig . 2 Optional: Host configuration. The number of hosts defined must not exceed the total number of hosts defined in the install-config.yaml file, which is the sum of the values of the compute.replicas and controlPlane.replicas parameters. 3 Optional: Overrides the hostname obtained from either the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) or a reverse DNS lookup. Each host must have a unique hostname supplied by one of these methods. 4 Enables provisioning of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image to a particular device. The installation program examines the devices in the order it discovers them, and compares the discovered values with the hint values. It uses the first discovered device that matches the hint value. 5 Optional: Configures the network interface of a host in NMState format. Optional: To create an iPXE script, add the bootArtifactsBaseURL to the agent-config.yaml file: apiVersion: v1beta1 kind: AgentConfig metadata: name: sno-cluster rendezvousIP: 192.168.111.80 bootArtifactsBaseURL: <asset_server_URL> Where <asset_server_URL> is the URL of the server you will upload the PXE assets to. Additional resources Deploying with dual-stack networking . Configuring the install-config yaml file . See Configuring a three-node cluster to deploy three-node clusters in bare metal environments. About root device hints . NMState state examples . Optional: Creating additional manifest files 5.4. Creating the PXE assets Use the following procedure to create the assets and optional script to implement in your PXE infrastructure. Procedure Create the PXE assets by running the following command: USD openshift-install agent create pxe-files The generated PXE assets and optional iPXE script can be found in the boot-artifacts directory. Example filesystem with PXE assets and optional iPXE script boot-artifacts ├─ agent.x86_64-initrd.img ├─ agent.x86_64.ipxe ├─ agent.x86_64-rootfs.img └─ agent.x86_64-vmlinuz Important The contents of the boot-artifacts directory vary depending on the specified architecture. Note Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) supports multipathing on the primary disk, allowing stronger resilience to hardware failure to achieve higher host availability. Multipathing is enabled by default in the agent ISO image, with a default /etc/multipath.conf configuration. Upload the PXE assets and optional script to your infrastructure where they will be accessible during the boot process. Note If you generated an iPXE script, the location of the assets must match the bootArtifactsBaseURL you added to the agent-config.yaml file. 5.5. Manually adding IBM Z agents After creating the PXE assets, you can add IBM Z(R) agents. Only use this procedure for IBM Z(R) clusters. Depending on your IBM Z(R) environment, you can choose from the following options: Adding IBM Z(R) agents with z/VM Adding IBM Z(R) agents with RHEL KVM Adding IBM Z(R) agents with Logical Partition (LPAR) Note Currently, ISO boot support on IBM Z(R) ( s390x ) is available only for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) KVM, which provides the flexibility to choose either PXE or ISO-based installation. For installations with z/VM and Logical Partition (LPAR), only PXE boot is supported. 5.5.1. Adding IBM Z agents with z/VM Use the following procedure to manually add IBM Z(R) agents with z/VM. Only use this procedure for IBM Z(R) clusters with z/VM. Procedure Create a parameter file for the z/VM guest: Example parameter file rd.neednet=1 \ console=ttysclp0 \ coreos.live.rootfs_url=<rootfs_url> \ 1 ip=172.18.78.2::172.18.78.1:255.255.255.0:::none nameserver=172.18.78.1 \ 2 zfcp.allow_lun_scan=0 \ 3 rd.znet=qeth,0.0.bdd0,0.0.bdd1,0.0.bdd2,layer2=1 \ rd.dasd=0.0.4411 \ 4 rd.zfcp=0.0.8001,0x50050763040051e3,0x4000406300000000 \ 5 random.trust_cpu=on rd.luks.options=discard \ ignition.firstboot ignition.platform.id=metal \ console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8 \ coreos.inst.persistent-kargs="console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8" 1 For the coreos.live.rootfs_url artifact, specify the matching rootfs artifact for the kernel and initramfs that you are booting. Only HTTP and HTTPS protocols are supported. 2 For the ip parameter, assign the IP address automatically using DHCP, or manually assign the IP address, as described in "Installing a cluster with z/VM on IBM Z(R) and IBM(R) LinuxONE". 3 The default is 1 . Omit this entry when using an OSA network adapter. 4 For installations on DASD-type disks, use rd.dasd to specify the DASD where Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) is to be installed. Omit this entry for FCP-type disks. 5 For installations on FCP-type disks, use rd.zfcp=<adapter>,<wwpn>,<lun> to specify the FCP disk where RHCOS is to be installed. Omit this entry for DASD-type disks. Leave all other parameters unchanged. Punch the kernel.img , generic.parm , and initrd.img files to the virtual reader of the z/VM guest virtual machine. For more information, see PUNCH (IBM Documentation). Tip You can use the CP PUNCH command or, if you use Linux, the vmur command, to transfer files between two z/VM guest virtual machines. Log in to the conversational monitor system (CMS) on the bootstrap machine. IPL the bootstrap machine from the reader by running the following command: USD ipl c For more information, see IPL (IBM Documentation). Additional resources Installing a cluster with z/VM on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE 5.5.2. Adding IBM Z agents with RHEL KVM Use the following procedure to manually add IBM Z(R) agents with RHEL KVM. Only use this procedure for IBM Z(R) clusters with RHEL KVM. Procedure Boot your RHEL KVM machine. To deploy the virtual server, run the virt-install command with the following parameters: USD virt-install \ --name <vm_name> \ --autostart \ --ram=16384 \ --cpu host \ --vcpus=8 \ --location <path_to_kernel_initrd_image>,kernel=kernel.img,initrd=initrd.img \ 1 --disk <qcow_image_path> \ --network network:macvtap ,mac=<mac_address> \ --graphics none \ --noautoconsole \ --wait=-1 \ --extra-args "rd.neednet=1 nameserver=<nameserver>" \ --extra-args "ip=<IP>::<nameserver>::<hostname>:enc1:none" \ --extra-args "coreos.live.rootfs_url=http://<http_server>:8080/agent.s390x-rootfs.img" \ --extra-args "random.trust_cpu=on rd.luks.options=discard" \ --extra-args "ignition.firstboot ignition.platform.id=metal" \ --extra-args "console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8" \ --extra-args "coreos.inst.persistent-kargs=console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8" \ --osinfo detect=on,require=off 1 For the --location parameter, specify the location of the kernel/initrd on the HTTP or HTTPS server. 5.5.3. Adding IBM Z agents in a Logical Partition (LPAR) Use the following procedure to manually add IBM Z(R) agents to your cluster that runs in an LPAR environment. Use this procedure only for IBM Z(R) clusters running in an LPAR. Prerequisites You have Python 3 installed. Procedure Create a boot parameter file for the agents. Example parameter file rd.neednet=1 cio_ignore=all,!condev \ console=ttysclp0 \ ignition.firstboot ignition.platform.id=metal coreos.live.rootfs_url=http://<http_server>/rhcos-<version>-live-rootfs.<architecture>.img \ 1 coreos.inst.persistent-kargs=console=ttysclp0 ip=<ip>::<gateway>:<netmask>:<hostname>::none nameserver=<dns> \ 2 rd.znet=qeth,<network_adaptor_range>,layer2=1 rd.<disk_type>=<adapter> \ 3 zfcp.allow_lun_scan=0 ai.ip_cfg_override=1 \ 4 random.trust_cpu=on rd.luks.options=discard 1 For the coreos.live.rootfs_url artifact, specify the matching rootfs artifact for the kernel and initramfs that you are starting. Only HTTP and HTTPS protocols are supported. 2 For the ip parameter, manually assign the IP address, as described in Installing a cluster with z/VM on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE . 3 For installations on DASD-type disks, use rd.dasd to specify the DASD where Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) is to be installed. For installations on FCP-type disks, use rd.zfcp=<adapter>,<wwpn>,<lun> to specify the FCP disk where RHCOS is to be installed. 4 Specify this parameter when you use an Open Systems Adapter (OSA) or HiperSockets. Generate the .ins and initrd.img.addrsize files by running the following Python script: The .ins file is a special file that includes installation data and is present on the FTP server. It can be accessed from the HMC system. This file contains details such as mapping of the location of installation data on the disk or FTP server, the memory locations where the data is to be copied. Note The .ins and initrd.img.addrsize files are not automatically generated as part of boot-artifacts from the installer. You must manually generate these files. Save the following script to a file, such as generate-files.py : Example of a Python file named generate-files.py file # The following commands retrieve the size of the `kernel` and `initrd`: KERNEL_IMG_PATH='./kernel.img' INITRD_IMG_PATH='./initrd.img' CMDLINE_PATH='./generic.prm' kernel_size=(stat -c%s KERNEL_IMG_PATH) initrd_size=(stat -c%s INITRD_IMG_PATH) # The following command rounds the `kernel` size up to the megabytes (MB) boundary. # This value is the starting address of `initrd.img`. offset=(( (kernel_size + 1048575) / 1048576 * 1048576 )) INITRD_IMG_NAME=(echo INITRD_IMG_PATH | rev | cut -d '/' -f 1 | rev) # The following commands create the kernel binary patch file that contains the `initrd` address and size: KERNEL_OFFSET=0x00000000 KERNEL_CMDLINE_OFFSET=0x00010480 INITRD_ADDR_SIZE_OFFSET=0x00010408 OFFSET_HEX=(printf '0x%08x\n' offset) # The following command converts the address and size to binary format: printf "(printf '%016x\n' USDinitrd_size)" | xxd -r -p > temp_size.bin # The following command concatenates the address and size binaries: cat temp_address.bin temp_size.bin > "USDINITRD_IMG_NAME.addrsize" # The following command deletes temporary files: rm -rf temp_address.bin temp_size.bin # The following commands create the `.ins` file. # The file is based on the paths of the `kernel.img`, `initrd.img`, `initrd.img.addrsize`, and `cmdline` files and the memory locations where the data is to be copied. KERNEL_IMG_PATH KERNEL_OFFSET INITRD_IMG_PATH OFFSET_HEX INITRD_IMG_NAME.addrsize INITRD_ADDR_SIZE_OFFSET CMDLINE_PATH KERNEL_CMDLINE_OFFSET Execute the script by running the following command: USD python3 <file_name>.py Transfer the initrd , kernel , generic.ins , and initrd.img.addrsize parameter files to the file server. For more information, see Booting Linux in LPAR mode (IBM documentation). Start the machine. Repeat the procedure for all other machines in the cluster. Additional resources Installing a cluster with z/VM on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE
sudo dnf install /usr/bin/nmstatectl -y mkdir ~/<directory_name> cat << EOF > ./<directory_name>/install-config.yaml apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: test.example.com compute: - architecture: amd64 1 hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker replicas: 0 controlPlane: architecture: amd64 hyperthreading: Enabled name: master replicas: 1 metadata: name: sno-cluster 2 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 192.168.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 3 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: 4 none: {} pullSecret: '<pull_secret>' 5 sshKey: '<ssh_pub_key>' 6 EOF networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 172.21.0.0/16 hostPrefix: 23 - cidr: fd02::/48 hostPrefix: 64 machineNetwork: - cidr: 192.168.11.0/16 - cidr: 2001:DB8::/32 serviceNetwork: - 172.22.0.0/16 - fd03::/112 networkType: OVNKubernetes platform: baremetal: apiVIPs: - 192.168.11.3 - 2001:DB8::4 ingressVIPs: - 192.168.11.4 - 2001:DB8::5 cat > agent-config.yaml << EOF apiVersion: v1beta1 kind: AgentConfig metadata: name: sno-cluster rendezvousIP: 192.168.111.80 1 hosts: 2 - hostname: master-0 3 interfaces: - name: eno1 macAddress: 00:ef:44:21:e6:a5 rootDeviceHints: 4 deviceName: /dev/sdb networkConfig: 5 interfaces: - name: eno1 type: ethernet state: up mac-address: 00:ef:44:21:e6:a5 ipv4: enabled: true address: - ip: 192.168.111.80 prefix-length: 23 dhcp: false dns-resolver: config: server: - 192.168.111.1 routes: config: - destination: 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop-address: 192.168.111.2 next-hop-interface: eno1 table-id: 254 EOF apiVersion: v1beta1 kind: AgentConfig metadata: name: sno-cluster rendezvousIP: 192.168.111.80 bootArtifactsBaseURL: <asset_server_URL> openshift-install agent create pxe-files boot-artifacts ├─ agent.x86_64-initrd.img ├─ agent.x86_64.ipxe ├─ agent.x86_64-rootfs.img └─ agent.x86_64-vmlinuz rd.neednet=1 console=ttysclp0 coreos.live.rootfs_url=<rootfs_url> \ 1 ip=172.18.78.2::172.18.78.1:255.255.255.0:::none nameserver=172.18.78.1 \ 2 zfcp.allow_lun_scan=0 \ 3 rd.znet=qeth,0.0.bdd0,0.0.bdd1,0.0.bdd2,layer2=1 rd.dasd=0.0.4411 \ 4 rd.zfcp=0.0.8001,0x50050763040051e3,0x4000406300000000 \ 5 random.trust_cpu=on rd.luks.options=discard ignition.firstboot ignition.platform.id=metal console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8 coreos.inst.persistent-kargs="console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8" ipl c virt-install --name <vm_name> --autostart --ram=16384 --cpu host --vcpus=8 --location <path_to_kernel_initrd_image>,kernel=kernel.img,initrd=initrd.img \ 1 --disk <qcow_image_path> --network network:macvtap ,mac=<mac_address> --graphics none --noautoconsole --wait=-1 --extra-args "rd.neednet=1 nameserver=<nameserver>" --extra-args "ip=<IP>::<nameserver>::<hostname>:enc1:none" --extra-args "coreos.live.rootfs_url=http://<http_server>:8080/agent.s390x-rootfs.img" --extra-args "random.trust_cpu=on rd.luks.options=discard" --extra-args "ignition.firstboot ignition.platform.id=metal" --extra-args "console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8" --extra-args "coreos.inst.persistent-kargs=console=tty1 console=ttyS1,115200n8" --osinfo detect=on,require=off rd.neednet=1 cio_ignore=all,!condev console=ttysclp0 ignition.firstboot ignition.platform.id=metal coreos.live.rootfs_url=http://<http_server>/rhcos-<version>-live-rootfs.<architecture>.img \ 1 coreos.inst.persistent-kargs=console=ttysclp0 ip=<ip>::<gateway>:<netmask>:<hostname>::none nameserver=<dns> \ 2 rd.znet=qeth,<network_adaptor_range>,layer2=1 rd.<disk_type>=<adapter> \ 3 zfcp.allow_lun_scan=0 ai.ip_cfg_override=1 \ 4 random.trust_cpu=on rd.luks.options=discard The following commands retrieve the size of the `kernel` and `initrd`: KERNEL_IMG_PATH='./kernel.img' INITRD_IMG_PATH='./initrd.img' CMDLINE_PATH='./generic.prm' kernel_size=(stat -c%s KERNEL_IMG_PATH) initrd_size=(stat -c%s INITRD_IMG_PATH) The following command rounds the `kernel` size up to the next megabytes (MB) boundary. This value is the starting address of `initrd.img`. offset=(( (kernel_size + 1048575) / 1048576 * 1048576 )) INITRD_IMG_NAME=(echo INITRD_IMG_PATH | rev | cut -d '/' -f 1 | rev) The following commands create the kernel binary patch file that contains the `initrd` address and size: KERNEL_OFFSET=0x00000000 KERNEL_CMDLINE_OFFSET=0x00010480 INITRD_ADDR_SIZE_OFFSET=0x00010408 OFFSET_HEX=(printf '0x%08x\n' offset) The following command converts the address and size to binary format: printf "(printf '%016x\n' USDinitrd_size)" | xxd -r -p > temp_size.bin The following command concatenates the address and size binaries: cat temp_address.bin temp_size.bin > "USDINITRD_IMG_NAME.addrsize" The following command deletes temporary files: rm -rf temp_address.bin temp_size.bin The following commands create the `.ins` file. The file is based on the paths of the `kernel.img`, `initrd.img`, `initrd.img.addrsize`, and `cmdline` files and the memory locations where the data is to be copied. KERNEL_IMG_PATH KERNEL_OFFSET INITRD_IMG_PATH OFFSET_HEX INITRD_IMG_NAME.addrsize INITRD_ADDR_SIZE_OFFSET CMDLINE_PATH KERNEL_CMDLINE_OFFSET python3 <file_name>.py