9.2. Mounting an SMB Share
9.2. Mounting an SMB Share On Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the cifs.ko file system module of the kernel provides support for the SMB protocol. However, to mount and work with SMB shares, you must also install the cifs-utils package: The cifs-utils package provides utilities to: Mount SMB and CIFS shares Manage NT Lan Manager (NTLM) credentials in the kernel's keyring Set and display Access Control Lists (ACL) in a security descriptor on SMB and CIFS shares 9.2.1. Supported SMB Protocol Versions The cifs.ko kernel module supports the following SMB protocol versions: SMB 1 SMB 2.0 SMB 2.1 SMB 3.0 Note Depending on the protocol version, not all SMB features are implemented. 9.2.1.1. UNIX Extensions Support Samba uses the CAP_UNIX capability bit in the SMB protocol to provide the UNIX extensions feature. These extensions are also supported by the cifs.ko kernel module. However, both Samba and the kernel module support UNIX extensions only in the SMB 1 protocol. To use UNIX extensions: Set the server min protocol option in the [global] section in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file to NT1 . This is the default on Samba servers. Mount the share using the SMB 1 protocol by providing the -o vers=1.0 option to the mount command. For example: By default, the kernel module uses SMB 2 or the highest later protocol version supported by the server. Passing the -o vers=1.0 option to the mount command forces that the kernel module uses the SMB 1 protocol that is required for using UNIX extensions. To verify if UNIX extensions are enabled, display the options of the mounted share: If the unix entry is displayed in the list of mount options, UNIX extensions are enabled. 9.2.2. Manually Mounting an SMB Share To manually mount an SMB share, use the mount utility with the -t cifs parameter: In the -o options parameter, you can specify options that will be used to mount the share. For details, see Section 9.2.6, "Frequently Used Mount Options" and the OPTIONS section in the mount.cifs (8) man page. Example 9.1. Mounting a Share Using an Encrypted SMB 3.0 Connection To mount the \\ server \ example \ share as the DOMAIN \ Administrator user over an encrypted SMB 3.0 connection into the /mnt/ directory: 9.2.3. Mounting an SMB Share Automatically When the System Boots To mount an SMB share automatically when the system boots, add an entry for the share to the /etc/fstab file. For example: Important To enable the system to mount a share automatically, you must store the user name, password, and domain name in a credentials file. For details, see Section 9.2.4, "Authenticating To an SMB Share Using a Credentials File" . In the fourth field of the /etc/fstab file, specify mount options, such as the path to the credentials file. For details, see Section 9.2.6, "Frequently Used Mount Options" and the OPTIONS section in the mount.cifs (8) man page. To verify that the share mounts successfully, enter: 9.2.4. Authenticating To an SMB Share Using a Credentials File In certain situations, administrators want to mount a share without entering the user name and password. To implement this, create a credentials file. For example: Procedure 9.1. Creating a Credentials File Create a file, such as ~/smb.cred , and specify the user name, password, and domain name that file: Set the permissions to only allow the owner to access the file: You can now pass the credentials= file_name mount option to the mount utility or use it in the /etc/fstab file to mount the share without being prompted for the user name and password. 9.2.5. Performing a Multi-user SMB Mount The credentials you provide to mount a share determine the access permissions on the mount point by default. For example, if you use the DOMAIN\example user when you mount a share, all operations on the share will be executed as this user, regardless which local user performs the operation. However, in certain situations, the administrator wants to mount a share automatically when the system boots, but users should perform actions on the share's content using their own credentials. The multiuser mount options lets you configure this scenario. Important To use multiuser , you must additionally set the sec= security_type mount option to a security type which supports providing credentials in a non-interactive way, such as krb5 or the ntlmssp option with a credentials file. See the section called "Accessing a Share as a User" . The root user mounts the share using the multiuser option and an account that has minimal access to the contents of the share. Regular users can then provide their user name and password to the current session's kernel keyring using the cifscreds utility. If the user accesses the content of the mounted share, the kernel uses the credentials from the kernel keyring instead of the one initially used to mount the share. Mounting a Share with the multiuser Option To mount a share automatically with the multiuser option when the system boots: Procedure 9.2. Creating an /etc/fstab File Entry with the multiuser Option Create the entry for the share in the /etc/fstab file. For example: Mount the share: If you do not want to mount the share automatically when the system boots, mount it manually by passing -o multiuser,sec= security_type to the mount command. For details about mounting an SMB share manually, see Section 9.2.2, "Manually Mounting an SMB Share" . Verifying if an SMB Share is Mounted with the multiuser Option To verify if a share is mounted with the multiuser option: Accessing a Share as a User If an SMB share is mounted with the multiuser option, users can provide their credentials for the server to the kernel's keyring: Now, when the user performs operations in the directory that contains the mounted SMB share, the server applies the file system permissions for this user, instead of the one initially used when the share was mounted. Note Multiple users can perform operations using their own credentials on the mounted share at the same time. 9.2.6. Frequently Used Mount Options When you mount an SMB share, the mount options determine: How the connection will be established with the server. For example, which SMB protocol version is used when connecting to the server. How the share will be mounted into the local file system. For example, if the system overrides the remote file and directory permissions to enable multiple local users to access the content on the server. To set multiple options in the fourth field of the /etc/fstab file or in the -o parameter of a mount command, separate them with commas. For example, see Procedure 9.2, "Creating an /etc/fstab File Entry with the multiuser Option" . The following list gives an overview of frequently used mount options: Table 9.1. Frequently Used Mount Options Option Description credentials= file_name Sets the path to the credentials file. See Section 9.2.4, "Authenticating To an SMB Share Using a Credentials File" . dir_mode= mode Sets the directory mode if the server does not support CIFS UNIX extensions. file_mode= mode Sets the file mode if the server does not support CIFS UNIX extensions. password= password Sets the password used to authenticate to the SMB server. Alternatively, specify a credentials file using the credentials option. seal Enables encryption support for connections using SMB 3.0 or a later protocol version. Therefore, use seal together with the vers mount option set to 3.0 or later. See Example 9.1, "Mounting a Share Using an Encrypted SMB 3.0 Connection" . sec= security_mode Sets the security mode, such as ntlmsspi , to enable NTLMv2 password hashing and enabled packet signing. For a list of supported values, see the option's description in the mount.cifs (8) man page. If the server does not support the ntlmv2 security mode, use sec=ntlmssp , which is the default. For security reasons, do not use the insecure ntlm security mode. username= user_name Sets the user name used to authenticate to the SMB server. Alternatively, specify a credentials file using the credentials option. vers= SMB_protocol_version Sets the SMB protocol version used for the communication with the server. For a complete list, see the OPTIONS section in the mount.cifs (8) man page.
yum install cifs-utils mount -t cifs -o vers=1.0 ,username= user_name //server_name/share_name /mnt/ mount // server / share on /mnt type cifs (..., unix ,...) mount -t cifs -o username= user_name // server_name / share_name /mnt/ Password for user_name @// server_name / share_name : ******** mount -t cifs -o username= DOMAIN \ Administrator ,seal,vers=3.0 // server / example /mnt/ Password for user_name @// server_name / share_name : ******** // server_name / share_name /mnt cifs credentials= /root/smb.cred 0 0 mount /mnt/ username= user_name password= password domain= domain_name chown user_name ~/smb.cred # chmod 600 ~/smb.cred // server_name / share_name /mnt cifs multiuser,sec=ntlmssp, credentials= /root/smb.cred 0 0 mount /mnt/ mount // server_name / share_name on /mnt type cifs (sec=ntlmssp, multiuser ,...) cifscreds add -u SMB_user_name server_name Password: ********