Chapter 7. Knative CLI
Chapter 7. Knative CLI 7.1. Knative Serving CLI commands 7.1.1. kn service commands You can use the following commands to create and manage Knative services. 7.1.1.1. Creating serverless applications by using the Knative CLI Using the Knative ( kn ) CLI to create serverless applications provides a more streamlined and intuitive user interface over modifying YAML files directly. You can use the kn service create command to create a basic serverless application. Prerequisites OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on your cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. Procedure Create a Knative service: USD kn service create <service-name> --image <image> --tag <tag-value> Where: --image is the URI of the image for the application. --tag is an optional flag that can be used to add a tag to the initial revision that is created with the service. Example command USD kn service create event-display \ --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest Example output Creating service 'event-display' in namespace 'default': 0.271s The Route is still working to reflect the latest desired specification. 0.580s Configuration "event-display" is waiting for a Revision to become ready. 3.857s ... 3.861s Ingress has not yet been reconciled. 4.270s Ready to serve. Service 'event-display' created with latest revision 'event-display-bxshg-1' and URL: http://event-display-default.apps-crc.testing 7.1.1.2. Updating serverless applications by using the Knative CLI You can use the kn service update command for interactive sessions on the command line as you build up a service incrementally. In contrast to the kn service apply command, when using the kn service update command you only have to specify the changes that you want to update, rather than the full configuration for the Knative service. Example commands Update a service by adding a new environment variable: USD kn service update <service_name> --env <key>=<value> Update a service by adding a new port: USD kn service update <service_name> --port 80 Update a service by adding new request and limit parameters: USD kn service update <service_name> --request cpu=500m --limit memory=1024Mi --limit cpu=1000m Assign the latest tag to a revision: USD kn service update <service_name> --tag <revision_name>=latest Update a tag from testing to staging for the latest READY revision of a service: USD kn service update <service_name> --untag testing --tag @latest=staging Add the test tag to a revision that receives 10% of traffic, and send the rest of the traffic to the latest READY revision of a service: USD kn service update <service_name> --tag <revision_name>=test --traffic test=10,@latest=90 7.1.1.3. Applying service declarations You can declaratively configure a Knative service by using the kn service apply command. If the service does not exist it is created, otherwise the existing service is updated with the options that have been changed. The kn service apply command is especially useful for shell scripts or in a continuous integration pipeline, where users typically want to fully specify the state of the service in a single command to declare the target state. When using kn service apply you must provide the full configuration for the Knative service. This is different from the kn service update command, which only requires you to specify in the command the options that you want to update. Example commands Create a service: USD kn service apply <service_name> --image <image> Add an environment variable to a service: USD kn service apply <service_name> --image <image> --env <key>=<value> Read the service declaration from a JSON or YAML file: USD kn service apply <service_name> -f <filename> 7.1.1.4. Describing serverless applications by using the Knative CLI You can describe a Knative service by using the kn service describe command. Example commands Describe a service: USD kn service describe --verbose <service_name> The --verbose flag is optional but can be included to provide a more detailed description. The difference between a regular and verbose output is shown in the following examples: Example output without --verbose flag Name: hello Namespace: default Age: 2m URL: http://hello-default.apps.ocp.example.com Revisions: 100% @latest (hello-00001) [1] (2m) Image: docker.io/openshift/hello-openshift (pinned to aaea76) Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 1m ++ ConfigurationsReady 1m ++ RoutesReady 1m Example output with --verbose flag Name: hello Namespace: default Annotations: serving.knative.dev/creator=system:admin serving.knative.dev/lastModifier=system:admin Age: 3m URL: http://hello-default.apps.ocp.example.com Cluster: http://hello.default.svc.cluster.local Revisions: 100% @latest (hello-00001) [1] (3m) Image: docker.io/openshift/hello-openshift (pinned to aaea76) Env: RESPONSE=Hello Serverless! Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 3m ++ ConfigurationsReady 3m ++ RoutesReady 3m Describe a service in YAML format: USD kn service describe <service_name> -o yaml Describe a service in JSON format: USD kn service describe <service_name> -o json Print the service URL only: USD kn service describe <service_name> -o url 7.1.2. kn service commands in offline mode 7.1.2.1. About the Knative CLI offline mode When you execute kn service commands, the changes immediately propagate to the cluster. However, as an alternative, you can execute kn service commands in offline mode. When you create a service in offline mode, no changes happen on the cluster, and instead the service descriptor file is created on your local machine. Important The offline mode of the Knative CLI is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope . After the descriptor file is created, you can manually modify it and track it in a version control system. You can also propagate changes to the cluster by using the kn service create -f , kn service apply -f , or oc apply -f commands on the descriptor files. The offline mode has several uses: You can manually modify the descriptor file before using it to make changes on the cluster. You can locally track the descriptor file of a service in a version control system. This enables you to reuse the descriptor file in places other than the target cluster, for example in continuous integration (CI) pipelines, development environments, or demos. You can examine the created descriptor files to learn about Knative services. In particular, you can see how the resulting service is influenced by the different arguments passed to the kn command. The offline mode has its advantages: it is fast, and does not require a connection to the cluster. However, offline mode lacks server-side validation. Consequently, you cannot, for example, verify that the service name is unique or that the specified image can be pulled. 7.1.2.2. Creating a service using offline mode You can execute kn service commands in offline mode, so that no changes happen on the cluster, and instead the service descriptor file is created on your local machine. After the descriptor file is created, you can modify the file before propagating changes to the cluster. Important The offline mode of the Knative CLI is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope . Prerequisites OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on your cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Procedure In offline mode, create a local Knative service descriptor file: USD kn service create event-display \ --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest \ --target ./ \ --namespace test Example output Service 'event-display' created in namespace 'test'. The --target ./ flag enables offline mode and specifies ./ as the directory for storing the new directory tree. If you do not specify an existing directory, but use a filename, such as --target my-service.yaml , then no directory tree is created. Instead, only the service descriptor file my-service.yaml is created in the current directory. The filename can have the .yaml , .yml , or .json extension. Choosing .json creates the service descriptor file in the JSON format. The --namespace test option places the new service in the test namespace. If you do not use --namespace , and you are logged in to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, the descriptor file is created in the current namespace. Otherwise, the descriptor file is created in the default namespace. Examine the created directory structure: USD tree ./ Example output ./ └── test └── ksvc └── event-display.yaml 2 directories, 1 file The current ./ directory specified with --target contains the new test/ directory that is named after the specified namespace. The test/ directory contains the ksvc directory, named after the resource type. The ksvc directory contains the descriptor file event-display.yaml , named according to the specified service name. Examine the generated service descriptor file: USD cat test/ksvc/event-display.yaml Example output apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1 kind: Service metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: event-display namespace: test spec: template: metadata: annotations: client.knative.dev/user-image: quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest creationTimestamp: null spec: containers: - image: quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest name: "" resources: {} status: {} List information about the new service: USD kn service describe event-display --target ./ --namespace test Example output Name: event-display Namespace: test Age: URL: Revisions: Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON The --target ./ option specifies the root directory for the directory structure containing namespace subdirectories. Alternatively, you can directly specify a YAML or JSON filename with the --target option. The accepted file extensions are .yaml , .yml , and .json . The --namespace option specifies the namespace, which communicates to kn the subdirectory that contains the necessary service descriptor file. If you do not use --namespace , and you are logged in to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, kn searches for the service in the subdirectory that is named after the current namespace. Otherwise, kn searches in the default/ subdirectory. Use the service descriptor file to create the service on the cluster: USD kn service create -f test/ksvc/event-display.yaml Example output Creating service 'event-display' in namespace 'test': 0.058s The Route is still working to reflect the latest desired specification. 0.098s ... 0.168s Configuration "event-display" is waiting for a Revision to become ready. 23.377s ... 23.419s Ingress has not yet been reconciled. 23.534s Waiting for load balancer to be ready 23.723s Ready to serve. Service 'event-display' created to latest revision 'event-display-00001' is available at URL: http://event-display-test.apps.example.com 7.1.3. kn container commands You can use the following commands to create and manage multiple containers in a Knative service spec. 7.1.3.1. Knative client multi-container support You can use the kn container add command to print YAML container spec to standard output. This command is useful for multi-container use cases because it can be used along with other standard kn flags to create definitions. The kn container add command accepts all container-related flags that are supported for use with the kn service create command. The kn container add command can also be chained by using UNIX pipes ( | ) to create multiple container definitions at once. Example commands Add a container from an image and print it to standard output: USD kn container add <container_name> --image <image_uri> Example command USD kn container add sidecar --image docker.io/example/sidecar Example output containers: - image: docker.io/example/sidecar name: sidecar resources: {} Chain two kn container add commands together, and then pass them to a kn service create command to create a Knative service with two containers: USD kn container add <first_container_name> --image <image_uri> | \ kn container add <second_container_name> --image <image_uri> | \ kn service create <service_name> --image <image_uri> --extra-containers - --extra-containers - specifies a special case where kn reads the pipe input instead of a YAML file. Example command USD kn container add sidecar --image docker.io/example/sidecar:first | \ kn container add second --image docker.io/example/sidecar:second | \ kn service create my-service --image docker.io/example/my-app:latest --extra-containers - The --extra-containers flag can also accept a path to a YAML file: USD kn service create <service_name> --image <image_uri> --extra-containers <filename> Example command USD kn service create my-service --image docker.io/example/my-app:latest --extra-containers my-extra-containers.yaml 7.1.4. kn domain commands You can use the following commands to create and manage domain mappings. 7.1.4.1. Creating a custom domain mapping by using the Knative CLI Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on your cluster. You have created a Knative service or route, and control a custom domain that you want to map to that CR. Note Your custom domain must point to the DNS of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. Procedure Map a domain to a CR in the current namespace: USD kn domain create <domain_mapping_name> --ref <target_name> Example command USD kn domain create example-domain-map --ref example-service The --ref flag specifies an Addressable target CR for domain mapping. If a prefix is not provided when using the --ref flag, it is assumed that the target is a Knative service in the current namespace. Map a domain to a Knative service in a specified namespace: USD kn domain create <domain_mapping_name> --ref <ksvc:service_name:service_namespace> Example command USD kn domain create example-domain-map --ref ksvc:example-service:example-namespace Map a domain to a Knative route: USD kn domain create <domain_mapping_name> --ref <kroute:route_name> Example command USD kn domain create example-domain-map --ref kroute:example-route 7.1.4.2. Managing custom domain mappings by using the Knative CLI After you have created a DomainMapping custom resource (CR), you can list existing CRs, view information about an existing CR, update CRs, or delete CRs by using the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on your cluster. You have created at least one DomainMapping CR. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI tool. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. Procedure List existing DomainMapping CRs: USD kn domain list -n <domain_mapping_namespace> View details of an existing DomainMapping CR: USD kn domain describe <domain_mapping_name> Update a DomainMapping CR to point to a new target: USD kn domain update --ref <target> Delete a DomainMapping CR: USD kn domain delete <domain_mapping_name> 7.2. Configuring the Knative CLI You can customize your Knative ( kn ) CLI setup by creating a config.yaml configuration file. You can provide this configuration by using the --config flag, otherwise the configuration is picked up from a default location. The default configuration location conforms to the XDG Base Directory Specification , and is different for UNIX systems and Windows systems. For UNIX systems: If the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable is set, the default configuration location that the Knative ( kn ) CLI looks for is USDXDG_CONFIG_HOME/kn . If the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable is not set, the Knative ( kn ) CLI looks for the configuration in the home directory of the user at USDHOME/.config/kn/config.yaml . For Windows systems, the default Knative ( kn ) CLI configuration location is %APPDATA%\kn . Example configuration file plugins: path-lookup: true 1 directory: ~/.config/kn/plugins 2 eventing: sink-mappings: 3 - prefix: svc 4 group: core 5 version: v1 6 resource: services 7 1 Specifies whether the Knative ( kn ) CLI should look for plugins in the PATH environment variable. This is a boolean configuration option. The default value is false . 2 Specifies the directory where the Knative ( kn ) CLI looks for plugins. The default path depends on the operating system, as described previously. This can be any directory that is visible to the user. 3 The sink-mappings spec defines the Kubernetes addressable resource that is used when you use the --sink flag with a Knative ( kn ) CLI command. 4 The prefix you want to use to describe your sink. svc for a service, channel , and broker are predefined prefixes for the Knative ( kn ) CLI. 5 The API group of the Kubernetes resource. 6 The version of the Kubernetes resource. 7 The plural name of the Kubernetes resource type. For example, services or brokers . 7.3. Knative CLI plugins The Knative ( kn ) CLI supports the use of plugins, which enable you to extend the functionality of your kn installation by adding custom commands and other shared commands that are not part of the core distribution. Knative ( kn ) CLI plugins are used in the same way as the main kn functionality. Currently, Red Hat supports the kn-source-kafka plugin and the kn-event plugin. Important The kn-event plugin is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope . 7.3.1. Building events by using the kn-event plugin You can use the builder-like interface of the kn event build command to build an event. You can then send that event at a later time or use it in another context. Prerequisites You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Procedure Build an event: USD kn event build --field <field-name>=<value> --type <type-name> --id <id> --output <format> where: The --field flag adds data to the event as a field-value pair. You can use it multiple times. The --type flag enables you to specify a string that designates the type of the event. The --id flag specifies the ID of the event. You can use the json or yaml arguments with the --output flag to change the output format of the event. All of these flags are optional. Building a simple event USD kn event build -o yaml Resultant event in the YAML format data: {} datacontenttype: application/json id: 81a402a2-9c29-4c27-b8ed-246a253c9e58 source: kn-event/v0.4.0 specversion: "1.0" time: "2021-10-15T10:42:57.713226203Z" type: dev.knative.cli.plugin.event.generic Building a sample transaction event USD kn event build \ --field operation.type=local-wire-transfer \ --field operation.amount=2345.40 \ --field operation.from=87656231 \ --field operation.to=2344121 \ --field automated=true \ --field signature='FGzCPLvYWdEgsdpb3qXkaVp7Da0=' \ --type org.example.bank.bar \ --id USD(head -c 10 < /dev/urandom | base64 -w 0) \ --output json Resultant event in the JSON format { "specversion": "1.0", "id": "RjtL8UH66X+UJg==", "source": "kn-event/v0.4.0", "type": "org.example.bank.bar", "datacontenttype": "application/json", "time": "2021-10-15T10:43:23.113187943Z", "data": { "automated": true, "operation": { "amount": "2345.40", "from": 87656231, "to": 2344121, "type": "local-wire-transfer" }, "signature": "FGzCPLvYWdEgsdpb3qXkaVp7Da0=" } } 7.3.2. Sending events by using the kn-event plugin You can use the kn event send command to send an event. The events can be sent either to publicly available addresses or to addressable resources inside a cluster, such as Kubernetes services, as well as Knative services, brokers, and channels. The command uses the same builder-like interface as the kn event build command. Prerequisites You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Procedure Send an event: USD kn event send --field <field-name>=<value> --type <type-name> --id <id> --to-url <url> --to <cluster-resource> --namespace <namespace> where: The --field flag adds data to the event as a field-value pair. You can use it multiple times. The --type flag enables you to specify a string that designates the type of the event. The --id flag specifies the ID of the event. If you are sending the event to a publicly accessible destination, specify the URL using the --to-url flag. If you are sending the event to an in-cluster Kubernetes resource, specify the destination using the --to flag. Specify the Kubernetes resource using the <Kind>:<ApiVersion>:<name> format. The --namespace flag specifies the namespace. If omitted, the namespace is taken from the current context. All of these flags are optional, except for the destination specification, for which you need to use either --to-url or --to . The following example shows sending an event to a URL: Example command USD kn event send \ --field player.id=6354aa60-ddb1-452e-8c13-24893667de20 \ --field player.game=2345 \ --field points=456 \ --type org.example.gaming.foo \ --to-url http://ce-api.foo.example.com/ The following example shows sending an event to an in-cluster resource: Example command USD kn event send \ --type org.example.kn.ping \ --id USD(uuidgen) \ --field event.type=test \ --field event.data=98765 \ --to Service:serving.knative.dev/v1:event-display 7.4. Knative Eventing CLI commands 7.4.1. kn source commands You can use the following commands to list, create, and manage Knative event sources. 7.4.1.1. Listing available event source types by using the Knative CLI You can list event source types that can be created and used on your cluster by using the kn source list-types CLI command. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Eventing are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Procedure List the available event source types in the terminal: USD kn source list-types Example output TYPE NAME DESCRIPTION ApiServerSource apiserversources.sources.knative.dev Watch and send Kubernetes API events to a sink PingSource pingsources.sources.knative.dev Periodically send ping events to a sink SinkBinding sinkbindings.sources.knative.dev Binding for connecting a PodSpecable to a sink Optional: You can also list the available event source types in YAML format: USD kn source list-types -o yaml 7.4.1.2. Knative CLI sink flag When you create an event source by using the Knative ( kn ) CLI, you can specify a sink where events are sent to from that resource by using the --sink flag. The sink can be any addressable or callable resource that can receive incoming events from other resources. The following example creates a sink binding that uses a service, http://event-display.svc.cluster.local , as the sink: Example command using the sink flag USD kn source binding create bind-heartbeat \ --namespace sinkbinding-example \ --subject "Job:batch/v1:app=heartbeat-cron" \ --sink http://event-display.svc.cluster.local \ 1 --ce-override "sink=bound" 1 svc in http://event-display.svc.cluster.local determines that the sink is a Knative service. Other default sink prefixes include channel , and broker . 7.4.1.3. Creating and managing container sources by using the Knative CLI You can use the kn source container commands to create and manage container sources by using the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Using the Knative CLI to create event sources provides a more streamlined and intuitive user interface than modifying YAML files directly. Create a container source USD kn source container create <container_source_name> --image <image_uri> --sink <sink> Delete a container source USD kn source container delete <container_source_name> Describe a container source USD kn source container describe <container_source_name> List existing container sources USD kn source container list List existing container sources in YAML format USD kn source container list -o yaml Update a container source This command updates the image URI for an existing container source: USD kn source container update <container_source_name> --image <image_uri> 7.4.1.4. Creating an API server source by using the Knative CLI You can use the kn source apiserver create command to create an API server source by using the kn CLI. Using the kn CLI to create an API server source provides a more streamlined and intuitive user interface than modifying YAML files directly. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Eventing are installed on the cluster. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Procedure If you want to re-use an existing service account, you can modify your existing ServiceAccount resource to include the required permissions instead of creating a new resource. Create a service account, role, and role binding for the event source as a YAML file: apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: events-sa namespace: default 1 --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: name: event-watcher namespace: default 2 rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - get - list - watch --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: k8s-ra-event-watcher namespace: default 3 roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: event-watcher subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: events-sa namespace: default 4 1 2 3 4 Change this namespace to the namespace that you have selected for installing the event source. Apply the YAML file: USD oc apply -f <filename> Create an API server source that has an event sink. In the following example, the sink is a broker: USD kn source apiserver create <event_source_name> --sink broker:<broker_name> --resource "event:v1" --service-account <service_account_name> --mode Resource To check that the API server source is set up correctly, create a Knative service that dumps incoming messages to its log: USD kn service create <service_name> --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest If you used a broker as an event sink, create a trigger to filter events from the default broker to the service: USD kn trigger create <trigger_name> --sink ksvc:<service_name> Create events by launching a pod in the default namespace: USD oc create deployment hello-node --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest Check that the controller is mapped correctly by inspecting the output generated by the following command: USD kn source apiserver describe <source_name> Example output Name: mysource Namespace: default Annotations: sources.knative.dev/creator=developer, sources.knative.dev/lastModifier=developer Age: 3m ServiceAccountName: events-sa Mode: Resource Sink: Name: default Namespace: default Kind: Broker (eventing.knative.dev/v1) Resources: Kind: event (v1) Controller: false Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 3m ++ Deployed 3m ++ SinkProvided 3m ++ SufficientPermissions 3m ++ EventTypesProvided 3m Verification You can verify that the Kubernetes events were sent to Knative by looking at the message dumper function logs. Get the pods: USD oc get pods View the message dumper function logs for the pods: USD oc logs USD(oc get pod -o name | grep event-display) -c user-container Example output ☁\ufe0f cloudevents.Event Validation: valid Context Attributes, specversion: 1.0 type: dev.knative.apiserver.resource.update datacontenttype: application/json ... Data, { "apiVersion": "v1", "involvedObject": { "apiVersion": "v1", "fieldPath": "spec.containers{hello-node}", "kind": "Pod", "name": "hello-node", "namespace": "default", ..... }, "kind": "Event", "message": "Started container", "metadata": { "name": "hello-node.159d7608e3a3572c", "namespace": "default", .... }, "reason": "Started", ... } Deleting the API server source Delete the trigger: USD kn trigger delete <trigger_name> Delete the event source: USD kn source apiserver delete <source_name> Delete the service account, cluster role, and cluster binding: USD oc delete -f authentication.yaml 7.4.1.5. Creating a ping source by using the Knative CLI You can use the kn source ping create command to create a ping source by using the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Using the Knative CLI to create event sources provides a more streamlined and intuitive user interface than modifying YAML files directly. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator, Knative Serving and Knative Eventing are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. Optional: If you want to use the verification steps for this procedure, install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure To verify that the ping source is working, create a simple Knative service that dumps incoming messages to the service logs: USD kn service create event-display \ --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest For each set of ping events that you want to request, create a ping source in the same namespace as the event consumer: USD kn source ping create test-ping-source \ --schedule "*/2 * * * *" \ --data '{"message": "Hello world!"}' \ --sink ksvc:event-display Check that the controller is mapped correctly by entering the following command and inspecting the output: USD kn source ping describe test-ping-source Example output Name: test-ping-source Namespace: default Annotations: sources.knative.dev/creator=developer, sources.knative.dev/lastModifier=developer Age: 15s Schedule: */2 * * * * Data: {"message": "Hello world!"} Sink: Name: event-display Namespace: default Resource: Service (serving.knative.dev/v1) Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 8s ++ Deployed 8s ++ SinkProvided 15s ++ ValidSchedule 15s ++ EventTypeProvided 15s ++ ResourcesCorrect 15s Verification You can verify that the Kubernetes events were sent to the Knative event sink by looking at the logs of the sink pod. By default, Knative services terminate their pods if no traffic is received within a 60 second period. The example shown in this guide creates a ping source that sends a message every 2 minutes, so each message should be observed in a newly created pod. Watch for new pods created: USD watch oc get pods Cancel watching the pods using Ctrl+C, then look at the logs of the created pod: USD oc logs USD(oc get pod -o name | grep event-display) -c user-container Example output ☁\ufe0f cloudevents.Event Validation: valid Context Attributes, specversion: 1.0 type: dev.knative.sources.ping source: /apis/v1/namespaces/default/pingsources/test-ping-source id: 99e4f4f6-08ff-4bff-acf1-47f61ded68c9 time: 2020-04-07T16:16:00.000601161Z datacontenttype: application/json Data, { "message": "Hello world!" } Deleting the ping source Delete the ping source: USD kn delete pingsources.sources.knative.dev <ping_source_name> 7.4.1.6. Creating a Kafka event source by using the Knative CLI You can use the kn source kafka create command to create a Kafka source by using the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Using the Knative CLI to create event sources provides a more streamlined and intuitive user interface than modifying YAML files directly. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator, Knative Eventing, Knative Serving, and the KnativeKafka custom resource (CR) are installed on your cluster. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. You have access to a Red Hat AMQ Streams (Kafka) cluster that produces the Kafka messages you want to import. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Optional: You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ) if you want to use the verification steps in this procedure. Procedure To verify that the Kafka event source is working, create a Knative service that dumps incoming events into the service logs: USD kn service create event-display \ --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display Create a KafkaSource CR: USD kn source kafka create <kafka_source_name> \ --servers <cluster_kafka_bootstrap>.kafka.svc:9092 \ --topics <topic_name> --consumergroup my-consumer-group \ --sink event-display Note Replace the placeholder values in this command with values for your source name, bootstrap servers, and topics. The --servers , --topics , and --consumergroup options specify the connection parameters to the Kafka cluster. The --consumergroup option is optional. Optional: View details about the KafkaSource CR you created: USD kn source kafka describe <kafka_source_name> Example output Name: example-kafka-source Namespace: kafka Age: 1h BootstrapServers: example-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka.svc:9092 Topics: example-topic ConsumerGroup: example-consumer-group Sink: Name: event-display Namespace: default Resource: Service (serving.knative.dev/v1) Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 1h ++ Deployed 1h ++ SinkProvided 1h Verification steps Trigger the Kafka instance to send a message to the topic: USD oc -n kafka run kafka-producer \ -ti --image=quay.io/strimzi/kafka:latest-kafka-2.7.0 --rm=true \ --restart=Never -- bin/kafka-console-producer.sh \ --broker-list <cluster_kafka_bootstrap>:9092 --topic my-topic Enter the message in the prompt. This command assumes that: The Kafka cluster is installed in the kafka namespace. The KafkaSource object has been configured to use the my-topic topic. Verify that the message arrived by viewing the logs: USD oc logs USD(oc get pod -o name | grep event-display) -c user-container Example output ☁\ufe0f cloudevents.Event Validation: valid Context Attributes, specversion: 1.0 type: dev.knative.kafka.event source: /apis/v1/namespaces/default/kafkasources/example-kafka-source#example-topic subject: partition:46#0 id: partition:46/offset:0 time: 2021-03-10T11:21:49.4Z Extensions, traceparent: 00-161ff3815727d8755848ec01c866d1cd-7ff3916c44334678-00 Data, Hello! 7.5. Knative Functions CLI commands 7.5.1. kn functions commands 7.5.1.1. Creating functions Before you can build and deploy a function, you must create it by using the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You can specify the path, runtime, template, and image registry as flags on the command line, or use the -c flag to start the interactive experience in the terminal. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. Procedure Create a function project: USD kn func create -r <repository> -l <runtime> -t <template> <path> Accepted runtime values include quarkus , node , typescript , go , python , springboot , and rust . Accepted template values include http and cloudevents . Example command USD kn func create -l typescript -t cloudevents examplefunc Example output Created typescript function in /home/user/demo/examplefunc Alternatively, you can specify a repository that contains a custom template. Example command USD kn func create -r https://github.com/boson-project/templates/ -l node -t hello-world examplefunc Example output Created node function in /home/user/demo/examplefunc 7.5.1.2. Running a function locally You can use the kn func run command to run a function locally in the current directory or in the directory specified by the --path flag. If the function that you are running has never previously been built, or if the project files have been modified since the last time it was built, the kn func run command builds the function before running it by default. Example command to run a function in the current directory USD kn func run Example command to run a function in a directory specified as a path USD kn func run --path=<directory_path> You can also force a rebuild of an existing image before running the function, even if there have been no changes to the project files, by using the --build flag: Example run command using the build flag USD kn func run --build If you set the build flag as false, this disables building of the image, and runs the function using the previously built image: Example run command using the build flag USD kn func run --build=false You can use the help command to learn more about kn func run command options: Build help command USD kn func help run 7.5.1.3. Building functions Before you can run a function, you must build the function project. If you are using the kn func run command, the function is built automatically. However, you can use the kn func build command to build a function without running it, which can be useful for advanced users or debugging scenarios. The kn func build command creates an OCI container image that can be run locally on your computer or on an OpenShift Container Platform cluster. This command uses the function project name and the image registry name to construct a fully qualified image name for your function. 7.5.1.3.1. Image container types By default, kn func build creates a container image by using Red Hat Source-to-Image (S2I) technology. Example build command using Red Hat Source-to-Image (S2I) USD kn func build 7.5.1.3.2. Image registry types The OpenShift Container Registry is used by default as the image registry for storing function images. Example build command using OpenShift Container Registry USD kn func build Example output Building function image Function image has been built, image: registry.redhat.io/example/example-function:latest You can override using OpenShift Container Registry as the default image registry by using the --registry flag: Example build command overriding OpenShift Container Registry to use quay.io USD kn func build --registry quay.io/username Example output Building function image Function image has been built, image: quay.io/username/example-function:latest 7.5.1.3.3. Push flag You can add the --push flag to a kn func build command to automatically push the function image after it is successfully built: Example build command using OpenShift Container Registry USD kn func build --push 7.5.1.3.4. Help command You can use the help command to learn more about kn func build command options: Build help command USD kn func help build 7.5.1.4. Deploying functions You can deploy a function to your cluster as a Knative service by using the kn func deploy command. If the targeted function is already deployed, it is updated with a new container image that is pushed to a container image registry, and the Knative service is updated. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. You must have already created and initialized the function that you want to deploy. Procedure Deploy a function: USD kn func deploy [-n <namespace> -p <path> -i <image>] Example output Function deployed at: http://func.example.com If no namespace is specified, the function is deployed in the current namespace. The function is deployed from the current directory, unless a path is specified. The Knative service name is derived from the project name, and cannot be changed using this command. 7.5.1.5. Listing existing functions You can list existing functions by using kn func list . If you want to list functions that have been deployed as Knative services, you can also use kn service list . Procedure List existing functions: USD kn func list [-n <namespace> -p <path>] Example output NAME NAMESPACE RUNTIME URL READY example-function default node http://example-function.default.apps.ci-ln-g9f36hb-d5d6b.origin-ci-int-aws.dev.rhcloud.com True List functions deployed as Knative services: USD kn service list -n <namespace> Example output NAME URL LATEST AGE CONDITIONS READY REASON example-function http://example-function.default.apps.ci-ln-g9f36hb-d5d6b.origin-ci-int-aws.dev.rhcloud.com example-function-gzl4c 16m 3 OK / 3 True 7.5.1.6. Describing a function The kn func info command prints information about a deployed function, such as the function name, image, namespace, Knative service information, route information, and event subscriptions. Procedure Describe a function: USD kn func info [-f <format> -n <namespace> -p <path>] Example command USD kn func info -p function/example-function Example output Function name: example-function Function is built in image: docker.io/user/example-function:latest Function is deployed as Knative Service: example-function Function is deployed in namespace: default Routes: http://example-function.default.apps.ci-ln-g9f36hb-d5d6b.origin-ci-int-aws.dev.rhcloud.com 7.5.1.7. Invoking a deployed function with a test event You can use the kn func invoke CLI command to send a test request to invoke a function either locally or on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. You can use this command to test that a function is working and able to receive events correctly. Invoking a function locally is useful for a quick test during function development. Invoking a function on the cluster is useful for testing that is closer to the production environment. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a project or have access to a project with the appropriate roles and permissions to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. You must have already deployed the function that you want to invoke. Procedure Invoke a function: USD kn func invoke The kn func invoke command only works when there is either a local container image currently running, or when there is a function deployed in the cluster. The kn func invoke command executes on the local directory by default, and assumes that this directory is a function project. 7.5.1.7.1. kn func invoke optional parameters You can specify optional parameters for the request by using the following kn func invoke CLI command flags. Flags Description -t , --target Specifies the target instance of the invoked function, for example, local or remote or https://staging.example.com/ . The default target is local . -f , --format Specifies the format of the message, for example, cloudevent or http . --id Specifies a unique string identifier for the request. -n , --namespace Specifies the namespace on the cluster. --source Specifies sender name for the request. This corresponds to the CloudEvent source attribute. --type Specifies the type of request, for example, boson.fn . This corresponds to the CloudEvent type attribute. --data Specifies content for the request. For CloudEvent requests, this is the CloudEvent data attribute. --file Specifies path to a local file containing data to be sent. --content-type Specifies the MIME content type for the request. -p , --path Specifies path to the project directory. -c , --confirm Enables prompting to interactively confirm all options. -v , --verbose Enables printing verbose output. -h , --help Prints information on usage of kn func invoke . 7.5.1.7.1.1. Main parameters The following parameters define the main properties of the kn func invoke command: Event target ( -t , --target ) The target instance of the invoked function. Accepts the local value for a locally deployed function, the remote value for a remotely deployed function, or a URL for a function deployed to an arbitrary endpoint. If a target is not specified, it defaults to local . Event message format ( -f , --format ) The message format for the event, such as http or cloudevent . This defaults to the format of the template that was used when creating the function. Event type ( --type ) The type of event that is sent. You can find information about the type parameter that is set in the documentation for each event producer. For example, the API server source might set the type parameter of produced events as dev.knative.apiserver.resource.update . Event source ( --source ) The unique event source that produced the event. This might be a URI for the event source, for example https://10.96.0.1/ , or the name of the event source. Event ID ( --id ) A random, unique ID that is created by the event producer. Event data ( --data ) Allows you to specify a data value for the event sent by the kn func invoke command. For example, you can specify a --data value such as "Hello World" so that the event contains this data string. By default, no data is included in the events created by kn func invoke . Note Functions that have been deployed to a cluster can respond to events from an existing event source that provides values for properties such as source and type . These events often have a data value in JSON format, which captures the domain specific context of the event. By using the CLI flags noted in this document, developers can simulate those events for local testing. You can also send event data using the --file flag to provide a local file containing data for the event. In this case, specify the content type using --content-type . Data content type ( --content-type ) If you are using the --data flag to add data for events, you can use the --content-type flag to specify what type of data is carried by the event. In the example, the data is plain text, so you might specify kn func invoke --data "Hello world!" --content-type "text/plain" . 7.5.1.7.1.2. Example commands This is the general invocation of the kn func invoke command: USD kn func invoke --type <event_type> --source <event_source> --data <event_data> --content-type <content_type> --id <event_ID> --format <format> --namespace <namespace> For example, to send a "Hello world!" event, you can run: USD kn func invoke --type ping --source example-ping --data "Hello world!" --content-type "text/plain" --id example-ID --format http --namespace my-ns 7.5.1.7.1.2.1. Specifying the file with data To specify the file on disk that contains the event data, use the --file and --content-type flags: USD kn func invoke --file <path> --content-type <content-type> For example, to send JSON data stored in the test.json file, use this command: USD kn func invoke --file ./test.json --content-type application/json 7.5.1.7.1.2.2. Specifying the function project You can specify a path to the function project by using the --path flag: USD kn func invoke --path <path_to_function> For example, to use the function project located in the ./example/example-function directory, use this command: USD kn func invoke --path ./example/example-function 7.5.1.7.1.2.3. Specifying where the target function is deployed By default, kn func invoke targets the local deployment of the function: USD kn func invoke To use a different deployment, use the --target flag: USD kn func invoke --target <target> For example, to use the function deployed on the cluster, use the --target remote flag: USD kn func invoke --target remote To use the function deployed at an arbitrary URL, use the --target <URL> flag: USD kn func invoke --target "https://my-event-broker.example.com" You can explicitly target the local deployment. In this case, if the function is not running locally, the command fails: USD kn func invoke --target local 7.5.1.8. Deleting a function You can delete a function by using the kn func delete command. This is useful when a function is no longer required, and can help to save resources on your cluster. Procedure Delete a function: USD kn func delete [<function_name> -n <namespace> -p <path>] If the name or path of the function to delete is not specified, the current directory is searched for a func.yaml file that is used to determine the function to delete. If the namespace is not specified, it defaults to the namespace value in the func.yaml file.
kn service create <service-name> --image <image> --tag <tag-value> kn service create event-display --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest Creating service 'event-display' in namespace 'default': 0.271s The Route is still working to reflect the latest desired specification. 0.580s Configuration "event-display" is waiting for a Revision to become ready. 3.857s 3.861s Ingress has not yet been reconciled. 4.270s Ready to serve. Service 'event-display' created with latest revision 'event-display-bxshg-1' and URL: http://event-display-default.apps-crc.testing kn service update <service_name> --env <key>=<value> kn service update <service_name> --port 80 kn service update <service_name> --request cpu=500m --limit memory=1024Mi --limit cpu=1000m kn service update <service_name> --tag <revision_name>=latest kn service update <service_name> --untag testing --tag @latest=staging kn service update <service_name> --tag <revision_name>=test --traffic test=10,@latest=90 kn service apply <service_name> --image <image> kn service apply <service_name> --image <image> --env <key>=<value> kn service apply <service_name> -f <filename> kn service describe --verbose <service_name> Name: hello Namespace: default Age: 2m URL: http://hello-default.apps.ocp.example.com Revisions: 100% @latest (hello-00001) [1] (2m) Image: docker.io/openshift/hello-openshift (pinned to aaea76) Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 1m ++ ConfigurationsReady 1m ++ RoutesReady 1m Name: hello Namespace: default Annotations: serving.knative.dev/creator=system:admin serving.knative.dev/lastModifier=system:admin Age: 3m URL: http://hello-default.apps.ocp.example.com Cluster: http://hello.default.svc.cluster.local Revisions: 100% @latest (hello-00001) [1] (3m) Image: docker.io/openshift/hello-openshift (pinned to aaea76) Env: RESPONSE=Hello Serverless! Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 3m ++ ConfigurationsReady 3m ++ RoutesReady 3m kn service describe <service_name> -o yaml kn service describe <service_name> -o json kn service describe <service_name> -o url kn service create event-display --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest --target ./ --namespace test Service 'event-display' created in namespace 'test'. tree ./ ./ └── test └── ksvc └── event-display.yaml 2 directories, 1 file cat test/ksvc/event-display.yaml apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1 kind: Service metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: event-display namespace: test spec: template: metadata: annotations: client.knative.dev/user-image: quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest creationTimestamp: null spec: containers: - image: quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest name: "" resources: {} status: {} kn service describe event-display --target ./ --namespace test Name: event-display Namespace: test Age: URL: Revisions: Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON kn service create -f test/ksvc/event-display.yaml Creating service 'event-display' in namespace 'test': 0.058s The Route is still working to reflect the latest desired specification. 0.098s 0.168s Configuration "event-display" is waiting for a Revision to become ready. 23.377s 23.419s Ingress has not yet been reconciled. 23.534s Waiting for load balancer to be ready 23.723s Ready to serve. Service 'event-display' created to latest revision 'event-display-00001' is available at URL: http://event-display-test.apps.example.com kn container add <container_name> --image <image_uri> kn container add sidecar --image docker.io/example/sidecar containers: - image: docker.io/example/sidecar name: sidecar resources: {} kn container add <first_container_name> --image <image_uri> | kn container add <second_container_name> --image <image_uri> | kn service create <service_name> --image <image_uri> --extra-containers - kn container add sidecar --image docker.io/example/sidecar:first | kn container add second --image docker.io/example/sidecar:second | kn service create my-service --image docker.io/example/my-app:latest --extra-containers - kn service create <service_name> --image <image_uri> --extra-containers <filename> kn service create my-service --image docker.io/example/my-app:latest --extra-containers my-extra-containers.yaml kn domain create <domain_mapping_name> --ref <target_name> kn domain create example-domain-map --ref example-service kn domain create <domain_mapping_name> --ref <ksvc:service_name:service_namespace> kn domain create example-domain-map --ref ksvc:example-service:example-namespace kn domain create <domain_mapping_name> --ref <kroute:route_name> kn domain create example-domain-map --ref kroute:example-route kn domain list -n <domain_mapping_namespace> kn domain describe <domain_mapping_name> kn domain update --ref <target> kn domain delete <domain_mapping_name> plugins: path-lookup: true 1 directory: ~/.config/kn/plugins 2 eventing: sink-mappings: 3 - prefix: svc 4 group: core 5 version: v1 6 resource: services 7 kn event build --field <field-name>=<value> --type <type-name> --id <id> --output <format> kn event build -o yaml data: {} datacontenttype: application/json id: 81a402a2-9c29-4c27-b8ed-246a253c9e58 source: kn-event/v0.4.0 specversion: "1.0" time: "2021-10-15T10:42:57.713226203Z" type: dev.knative.cli.plugin.event.generic kn event build --field operation.type=local-wire-transfer --field operation.amount=2345.40 --field operation.from=87656231 --field operation.to=2344121 --field automated=true --field signature='FGzCPLvYWdEgsdpb3qXkaVp7Da0=' --type org.example.bank.bar --id USD(head -c 10 < /dev/urandom | base64 -w 0) --output json { "specversion": "1.0", "id": "RjtL8UH66X+UJg==", "source": "kn-event/v0.4.0", "type": "org.example.bank.bar", "datacontenttype": "application/json", "time": "2021-10-15T10:43:23.113187943Z", "data": { "automated": true, "operation": { "amount": "2345.40", "from": 87656231, "to": 2344121, "type": "local-wire-transfer" }, "signature": "FGzCPLvYWdEgsdpb3qXkaVp7Da0=" } } kn event send --field <field-name>=<value> --type <type-name> --id <id> --to-url <url> --to <cluster-resource> --namespace <namespace> kn event send --field player.id=6354aa60-ddb1-452e-8c13-24893667de20 --field player.game=2345 --field points=456 --type org.example.gaming.foo --to-url http://ce-api.foo.example.com/ kn event send --type org.example.kn.ping --id USD(uuidgen) --field event.type=test --field event.data=98765 --to Service:serving.knative.dev/v1:event-display kn source list-types TYPE NAME DESCRIPTION ApiServerSource apiserversources.sources.knative.dev Watch and send Kubernetes API events to a sink PingSource pingsources.sources.knative.dev Periodically send ping events to a sink SinkBinding sinkbindings.sources.knative.dev Binding for connecting a PodSpecable to a sink kn source list-types -o yaml kn source binding create bind-heartbeat --namespace sinkbinding-example --subject "Job:batch/v1:app=heartbeat-cron" --sink http://event-display.svc.cluster.local \ 1 --ce-override "sink=bound" kn source container create <container_source_name> --image <image_uri> --sink <sink> kn source container delete <container_source_name> kn source container describe <container_source_name> kn source container list kn source container list -o yaml kn source container update <container_source_name> --image <image_uri> apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: events-sa namespace: default 1 --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: name: event-watcher namespace: default 2 rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - get - list - watch --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: k8s-ra-event-watcher namespace: default 3 roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: event-watcher subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: events-sa namespace: default 4 oc apply -f <filename> kn source apiserver create <event_source_name> --sink broker:<broker_name> --resource "event:v1" --service-account <service_account_name> --mode Resource kn service create <service_name> --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest kn trigger create <trigger_name> --sink ksvc:<service_name> oc create deployment hello-node --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest kn source apiserver describe <source_name> Name: mysource Namespace: default Annotations: sources.knative.dev/creator=developer, sources.knative.dev/lastModifier=developer Age: 3m ServiceAccountName: events-sa Mode: Resource Sink: Name: default Namespace: default Kind: Broker (eventing.knative.dev/v1) Resources: Kind: event (v1) Controller: false Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 3m ++ Deployed 3m ++ SinkProvided 3m ++ SufficientPermissions 3m ++ EventTypesProvided 3m oc get pods oc logs USD(oc get pod -o name | grep event-display) -c user-container ☁\ufe0f cloudevents.Event Validation: valid Context Attributes, specversion: 1.0 type: dev.knative.apiserver.resource.update datacontenttype: application/json Data, { "apiVersion": "v1", "involvedObject": { "apiVersion": "v1", "fieldPath": "spec.containers{hello-node}", "kind": "Pod", "name": "hello-node", "namespace": "default", .. }, "kind": "Event", "message": "Started container", "metadata": { "name": "hello-node.159d7608e3a3572c", "namespace": "default", . }, "reason": "Started", } kn trigger delete <trigger_name> kn source apiserver delete <source_name> oc delete -f authentication.yaml kn service create event-display --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display:latest kn source ping create test-ping-source --schedule "*/2 * * * *" --data '{"message": "Hello world!"}' --sink ksvc:event-display kn source ping describe test-ping-source Name: test-ping-source Namespace: default Annotations: sources.knative.dev/creator=developer, sources.knative.dev/lastModifier=developer Age: 15s Schedule: */2 * * * * Data: {"message": "Hello world!"} Sink: Name: event-display Namespace: default Resource: Service (serving.knative.dev/v1) Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 8s ++ Deployed 8s ++ SinkProvided 15s ++ ValidSchedule 15s ++ EventTypeProvided 15s ++ ResourcesCorrect 15s watch oc get pods oc logs USD(oc get pod -o name | grep event-display) -c user-container ☁\ufe0f cloudevents.Event Validation: valid Context Attributes, specversion: 1.0 type: dev.knative.sources.ping source: /apis/v1/namespaces/default/pingsources/test-ping-source id: 99e4f4f6-08ff-4bff-acf1-47f61ded68c9 time: 2020-04-07T16:16:00.000601161Z datacontenttype: application/json Data, { "message": "Hello world!" } kn delete pingsources.sources.knative.dev <ping_source_name> kn service create event-display --image quay.io/openshift-knative/knative-eventing-sources-event-display kn source kafka create <kafka_source_name> --servers <cluster_kafka_bootstrap>.kafka.svc:9092 --topics <topic_name> --consumergroup my-consumer-group --sink event-display kn source kafka describe <kafka_source_name> Name: example-kafka-source Namespace: kafka Age: 1h BootstrapServers: example-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka.svc:9092 Topics: example-topic ConsumerGroup: example-consumer-group Sink: Name: event-display Namespace: default Resource: Service (serving.knative.dev/v1) Conditions: OK TYPE AGE REASON ++ Ready 1h ++ Deployed 1h ++ SinkProvided 1h oc -n kafka run kafka-producer -ti --image=quay.io/strimzi/kafka:latest-kafka-2.7.0 --rm=true --restart=Never -- bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list <cluster_kafka_bootstrap>:9092 --topic my-topic oc logs USD(oc get pod -o name | grep event-display) -c user-container ☁\ufe0f cloudevents.Event Validation: valid Context Attributes, specversion: 1.0 type: dev.knative.kafka.event source: /apis/v1/namespaces/default/kafkasources/example-kafka-source#example-topic subject: partition:46#0 id: partition:46/offset:0 time: 2021-03-10T11:21:49.4Z Extensions, traceparent: 00-161ff3815727d8755848ec01c866d1cd-7ff3916c44334678-00 Data, Hello! kn func create -r <repository> -l <runtime> -t <template> <path> kn func create -l typescript -t cloudevents examplefunc Created typescript function in /home/user/demo/examplefunc kn func create -r https://github.com/boson-project/templates/ -l node -t hello-world examplefunc Created node function in /home/user/demo/examplefunc kn func run kn func run --path=<directory_path> kn func run --build kn func run --build=false kn func help run kn func build kn func build Building function image Function image has been built, image: registry.redhat.io/example/example-function:latest kn func build --registry quay.io/username Building function image Function image has been built, image: quay.io/username/example-function:latest kn func build --push kn func help build kn func deploy [-n <namespace> -p <path> -i <image>] Function deployed at: http://func.example.com kn func list [-n <namespace> -p <path>] NAME NAMESPACE RUNTIME URL READY example-function default node http://example-function.default.apps.ci-ln-g9f36hb-d5d6b.origin-ci-int-aws.dev.rhcloud.com True kn service list -n <namespace> NAME URL LATEST AGE CONDITIONS READY REASON example-function http://example-function.default.apps.ci-ln-g9f36hb-d5d6b.origin-ci-int-aws.dev.rhcloud.com example-function-gzl4c 16m 3 OK / 3 True kn func info [-f <format> -n <namespace> -p <path>] kn func info -p function/example-function Function name: example-function Function is built in image: docker.io/user/example-function:latest Function is deployed as Knative Service: example-function Function is deployed in namespace: default Routes: http://example-function.default.apps.ci-ln-g9f36hb-d5d6b.origin-ci-int-aws.dev.rhcloud.com kn func invoke kn func invoke --type <event_type> --source <event_source> --data <event_data> --content-type <content_type> --id <event_ID> --format <format> --namespace <namespace> kn func invoke --type ping --source example-ping --data "Hello world!" --content-type "text/plain" --id example-ID --format http --namespace my-ns kn func invoke --file <path> --content-type <content-type> kn func invoke --file ./test.json --content-type application/json kn func invoke --path <path_to_function> kn func invoke --path ./example/example-function kn func invoke kn func invoke --target <target> kn func invoke --target remote kn func invoke --target "https://my-event-broker.example.com" kn func invoke --target local kn func delete [<function_name> -n <namespace> -p <path>]