Chapter 4. Configuration
Chapter 4. Configuration This chapter describes the process for binding the AMQ JMS implementation to your JMS application and setting configuration options. JMS uses the Java Naming Directory Interface (JNDI) to register and look up API implementations and other resources. This enables you to write code to the JMS API without tying it to a particular implementation. Configuration options are exposed as query parameters on the connection URI. 4.1. Configuring the JNDI initial context JMS applications use a JNDI InitialContext object obtained from an InitialContextFactory to look up JMS objects such as the connection factory. AMQ JMS provides an implementation of the InitialContextFactory in the org.apache.qpid.jms.jndi.JmsInitialContextFactory class. The InitialContextFactory implementation is discovered when the InitialContext object is instantiated: javax.naming.Context context = new javax.naming.InitialContext(); To find an implementation, JNDI must be configured in your environment. There are three ways of achieving this: using a jndi.properties file, using a system property, or using the initial context API. Using a jndi.properties file Create a file named jndi.properties and place it on the Java classpath. Add a property with the key java.naming.factory.initial . Example: Setting the JNDI initial context factory using a jndi.properties file java.naming.factory.initial = org.apache.qpid.jms.jndi.JmsInitialContextFactory In Maven-based projects, the jndi.properties file is placed in the <project-dir> /src/main/resources directory. Using a system property Set the java.naming.factory.initial system property. Example: Setting the JNDI initial context factory using a system property USD java -Djava.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.qpid.jms.jndi.JmsInitialContextFactory ... Using the initial context API Use the JNDI initial context API to set properties programatically. Example: Setting JNDI properties programatically Hashtable<Object, Object> env = new Hashtable<>(); env.put("java.naming.factory.initial", "org.apache.qpid.jms.jndi.JmsInitialContextFactory"); InitialContext context = new InitialContext(env); Note that you can use the same API to set the JNDI properties for connection factories, queues, and topics. 4.2. Configuring the connection factory The JMS connection factory is the entry point for creating connections. It uses a connection URI that encodes your application-specific configuration settings. To set the factory name and connection URI, create a property in the format below. You can store this configuration in a jndi.properties file or set the corresponding system property. The JNDI property format for connection factories connectionFactory. <lookup-name> = <connection-uri> For example, this is how you might configure a factory named app1 : Example: Setting the connection factory in a jndi.properties file connectionFactory.app1 = amqp://example.net:5672?jms.clientID=backend You can then use the JNDI context to look up your configured connection factory using the name app1 : ConnectionFactory factory = (ConnectionFactory) context.lookup("app1"); 4.3. Connection URIs Connections are configured using a connection URI. The connection URI specifies the remote host, port, and a set of configuration options, which are set as query parameters. For more information about the available options, see Chapter 5, Configuration options . The connection URI format The scheme is amqp for unencrypted connections and amqps for SSL/TLS connections. For example, the following is a connection URI that connects to host example.net at port 5672 and sets the client ID to backend : Example: A connection URI Failover URIs When failover is configured, the client can reconnect to another server automatically if the connection to the current server is lost. Failover URIs have the prefix failover: and contain a comma-separated list of connection URIs inside parentheses. Additional options are specified at the end. The failover URI format For example, the following is a failover URI that can connect to either of two hosts, host1 or host2 : Example: A failover URI As with the connection URI example, the client can be configured with a number of different settings using the URI in a failover configuration. These settings are detailed in Chapter 5, Configuration options , with the Section 5.5, "Failover options" section being of particular interest. SSL/TLS Server Name Indication When the amqps scheme is used to specify an SSL/TLS connection, the host segment from the URI can be used by the JVM's TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension to communicate the desired server hostname during a TLS handshake. The SNI extension is automatically included if a fully qualified domain name (for example, "myhost.mydomain") is specified, but not when an unqualified name (for example, "myhost") or a bare IP address is used. 4.4. Configuring queue and topic names JMS provides the option of using JNDI to look up deployment-specific queue and topic resources. To set queue and topic names in JNDI, create properties in the following format. Either place this configuration in a jndi.properties file or set corresponding system properties. The JNDI property format for queues and topics queue. <lookup-name> = <queue-name> topic. <lookup-name> = <topic-name> For example, the following properties define the names jobs and notifications for two deployment-specific resources: Example: Setting queue and topic names in a jndi.properties file queue.jobs = app1/work-items topic.notifications = app1/updates You can then look up the resources by their JNDI names: Queue queue = (Queue) context.lookup("jobs"); Topic topic = (Topic) context.lookup("notifications"); 4.5. Variable expansion in JNDI properties JNDI property values can contain variables of the form USD{ <variable-name> } . The library resolves the variable value by searching in order in the following locations: Java system properties OS environment variables The JNDI properties file or environment Hashtable For example, on Linux USD{HOME} resolves to the HOME environment variable, the current user's home directory. A default value can be supplied using the syntax USD{ <variable-name> :- <default-value> } . If no value for <variable-name> is found, the default value is used instead.
javax.naming.Context context = new javax.naming.InitialContext(); java.naming.factory.initial = org.apache.qpid.jms.jndi.JmsInitialContextFactory java -Djava.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.qpid.jms.jndi.JmsInitialContextFactory Hashtable<Object, Object> env = new Hashtable<>(); env.put("java.naming.factory.initial", "org.apache.qpid.jms.jndi.JmsInitialContextFactory"); InitialContext context = new InitialContext(env); connectionFactory. <lookup-name> = <connection-uri> connectionFactory.app1 = amqp://example.net:5672?jms.clientID=backend ConnectionFactory factory = (ConnectionFactory) context.lookup("app1"); <scheme>://<host>:<port>[?<option>=<value>[&<option>=<value>...]] amqp://example.net:5672?jms.clientID=backend failover:(<connection-uri>[,<connection-uri>...])[?<option>=<value>[&<option>=<value>...]] failover:(amqp://host1:5672,amqp://host2:5672)?jms.clientID=backend queue. <lookup-name> = <queue-name> topic. <lookup-name> = <topic-name> queue.jobs = app1/work-items topic.notifications = app1/updates Queue queue = (Queue) context.lookup("jobs"); Topic topic = (Topic) context.lookup("notifications");