Chapter 3. Understanding How SystemTap Works
Chapter 3. Understanding How SystemTap Works SystemTap allows users to write and reuse simple scripts to deeply examine the activities of a running Linux system. These scripts can be designed to extract data, filter it, and summarize it quickly (and safely), enabling the diagnosis of complex performance (or even functional) problems. The essential idea behind a SystemTap script is to name events , and to give them handlers . When SystemTap runs the script, SystemTap monitors for the event; once the event occurs, the Linux kernel then runs the handler as a quick sub-routine and then resumes its normal operation. There are several kinds of events; entering or exiting a function, timer expiration, session termination, etc. A handler is a series of script language statements that specify the work to be done whenever the event occurs. This work normally includes extracting data from the event context, storing them into internal variables, and printing results. 3.1. Architecture A SystemTap session begins when you run a SystemTap script. This session occurs in the following fashion: Procedure 3.1. SystemTap Session First, SystemTap checks the script against the existing tapset library (normally in the /usr/share/systemtap/tapset/ directory) for any tapsets used. SystemTap will then substitute any located tapsets with their corresponding definitions in the tapset library. SystemTap then translates the script to C, running the system C compiler to create a kernel module from it. The tools that perform this step are contained in the systemtap package (see Section 2.1.1, "Installing SystemTap" for more information). SystemTap loads the module, then enables all the probes (events and handlers) in the script. The staprun in the systemtap-runtime package (see Section 2.1.1, "Installing SystemTap" for more information) provides this functionality. As the events occur, their corresponding handlers are executed. Once the SystemTap session is terminated, the probes are disabled, and the kernel module is unloaded. This sequence is driven from a single command-line program: stap . This program is SystemTap's main front-end tool. For more information about stap , see the stap (1) manual page (once SystemTap is properly installed on your machine).