<P> By the 1980s , centralized printing of standardized topographic maps began to be superseded by databases of coordinates that could be used on computers by moderately skilled end users to view or print maps with arbitrary contents , coverage and scale . For example , the Federal government of the United States ' TIGER initiative compiled interlinked databases of federal , state and local political borders and census enumeration areas , and of roadways , railroads , and water features with support for locating street addresses within street segments . TIGER was developed in the 1980s and used in the 1990 and subsequent decennial censuses . Digital elevation models ( DEM ) were also compiled , initially from topographic maps and stereographic interpretation of aerial photographs and then from satellite photography and radar data . Since all these were government projects funded with taxes and not classified for national security reasons , the datasets were in the public domain and freely usable without fees or licensing . </P>
<P> By the 1980s , centralized printing of standardized topographic maps began to be superseded by databases of coordinates that could be used on computers by moderately skilled end users to view or print maps with arbitrary contents , coverage and scale . For example , the Federal government of the United States ' TIGER initiative compiled interlinked databases of federal , state and local political borders and census enumeration areas , and of roadways , railroads , and water features with support for locating street addresses within street segments . TIGER was developed in the 1980s and used in the 1990 and subsequent decennial censuses . Digital elevation models ( DEM ) were also compiled , initially from topographic maps and stereographic interpretation of aerial photographs and then from satellite photography and radar data . Since all these were government projects funded with taxes and not classified for national security reasons , the datasets were in the public domain and freely usable without fees or licensing . </P>
name 3 human made features that are shown on a topographic map
name 3 human made features that are shown on a topographic map
roadways railroads water features
roadways railroads water features