[PAR] [TLE] Scallop theorem [SEP] The Scallop theorem states that to achieve propulsion at low Reynolds number in Newtonian fluids a swimmer must deform in a way that is not invariant under time-reversal.  Edward Mills Purcell stated this theorem in his 1977 paper "Life at Low Reynolds Number" explaining physical principles of aquatic locomotion.  The theorem is named for the motion of a scallop - an opening and closing of a simple hinge - which is not sufficient to create migration at low Reynolds numbers. [PAR] [TLE] Edward Mills Purcell [SEP] Edward Mills Purcell (August 30, 1912 – March 7, 1997) was an American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery (published 1946) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids.  Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become widely used to study the molecular structure of pure materials and the composition of mixtures.
[PAR] [TLE] Scallop theorem [ SEP ] The Scallop theorem states that to achieve propulsion at low Reynolds number in Newtonian fluids a swimmer must deform in a way that is not invariant under time - reversal . Edward Mills Purcell stated this theorem in his 1977 paper " Life at Low Reynolds Number " explaining physical principles of aquatic locomotion . The theorem is named for the motion of a scallop - an opening and closing of a simple hinge - which is not sufficient to create migration at low Reynolds numbers . [PAR] [TLE] Edward Mills Purcell [ SEP ] Edward Mills Purcell ( August 30 , 1912 – March 7 , 1997 ) was an American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery ( published 1946 ) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids . Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) has become widely used to study the molecular structure of pure materials and the composition of mixtures .
American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics, stated the Scallop theorem, in what paper in 1977?
American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics , stated the Scallop theorem , in what paper in 1977 ?
"Life at Low Reynolds Number"
"Life at Low Reynolds Number"