<P> In biological processes , the direction an ion moves by diffusion or active transport across a membrane is determined by the electrochemical gradient . In mitochondria and chloroplasts , proton gradients are used to generate a chemiosmotic potential that is also known as a proton motive force . This potential energy is used for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation , respectively . </P>
<P> In biological processes , the direction an ion moves by diffusion or active transport across a membrane is determined by the electrochemical gradient . In mitochondria and chloroplasts , proton gradients are used to generate a chemiosmotic potential that is also known as a proton motive force . This potential energy is used for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation , respectively . </P>
what uses the energy found within a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of atp
what uses the energy found within a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of atp
oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation