<P> Cesare Lombroso ( 1835 - 1909 ) , an Italian sociologist working in the late 19th century , is often called `` the father of criminology . '' He was one of the key contributors to biological positivism and founded the Italian school of criminology . Lombroso took a scientific approach , insisting on empirical evidence for studying crime . He suggested physiological traits such as the measurements of cheek bones or hairline , or a cleft palate ( the belief was this was a throwbacks to Neanderthals ) could indicate `` atavistic '' criminal tendencies . This approach , whose influence came via the theory of phrenology and by Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution , has been superseded . Enrico Ferri , a student of Lombroso , believed social as well as biological factors played a role , and believed criminals should not be held responsible when factors causing their criminality were beyond their control . Criminologists have since rejected Lombroso 's biological theories , with control groups not used in his studies . </P>
<P> Cesare Lombroso ( 1835 - 1909 ) , an Italian sociologist working in the late 19th century , is often called `` the father of criminology . '' He was one of the key contributors to biological positivism and founded the Italian school of criminology . Lombroso took a scientific approach , insisting on empirical evidence for studying crime . He suggested physiological traits such as the measurements of cheek bones or hairline , or a cleft palate ( the belief was this was a throwbacks to Neanderthals ) could indicate `` atavistic '' criminal tendencies . This approach , whose influence came via the theory of phrenology and by Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution , has been superseded . Enrico Ferri , a student of Lombroso , believed social as well as biological factors played a role , and believed criminals should not be held responsible when factors causing their criminality were beyond their control . Criminologists have since rejected Lombroso 's biological theories , with control groups not used in his studies . </P>
who is known as the father of criminology
who is known as the father of criminology
Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Lombroso