<P> The DSM - IV - TR states that acts of self - mutilation , impulsivity , and rapid changes in interpersonal relationships `` may warrant a concurrent diagnosis of borderline personality disorder '' . Steven Lynn and colleagues have suggested that the significant overlap between BPD and DID may be a contributing factor to the development of therapy induced DID , in that the suggestion of hidden alters by therapists who propose a diagnosis of DID provides an explanation to patients for the behavioral instability , self - mutilation , unpredictable mood changes and actions they experience . In 1993 a group of researchers reviewed both DID and borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) , concluding that DID was an epiphenomenon of BPD , with no tests or clinical description capable of distinguishing between the two . Their conclusions about the empirical proof of DID were echoed by a second group , who still believed the diagnosis existed , but while the knowledge to date did not justify DID as a separate diagnosis , it also did not disprove its existence . Reviews of medical records and psychological tests indicated that the majority of DID patients could be diagnosed with BPD instead , though about a third could not , suggesting that DID does exist but may be over-diagnosed . Between 50 and 66 % of patients also meet the criteria for BPD , and nearly 75 % of patients with BPD also meet the criteria for DID , with considerable overlap between the two conditions in terms of personality traits , cognitive and day - to - day functioning , and ratings by clinicians . Both groups also report higher rates of physical and sexual abuse than the general population , and patients with BPD also score highly on measures of dissociation . Even using strict diagnostic criteria , it can be difficult to distinguish between dissociative disorders and BPD ( as well as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia ) , though the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders may help . </P>
<P> The DSM - IV - TR states that acts of self - mutilation , impulsivity , and rapid changes in interpersonal relationships `` may warrant a concurrent diagnosis of borderline personality disorder '' . Steven Lynn and colleagues have suggested that the significant overlap between BPD and DID may be a contributing factor to the development of therapy induced DID , in that the suggestion of hidden alters by therapists who propose a diagnosis of DID provides an explanation to patients for the behavioral instability , self - mutilation , unpredictable mood changes and actions they experience . In 1993 a group of researchers reviewed both DID and borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) , concluding that DID was an epiphenomenon of BPD , with no tests or clinical description capable of distinguishing between the two . Their conclusions about the empirical proof of DID were echoed by a second group , who still believed the diagnosis existed , but while the knowledge to date did not justify DID as a separate diagnosis , it also did not disprove its existence . Reviews of medical records and psychological tests indicated that the majority of DID patients could be diagnosed with BPD instead , though about a third could not , suggesting that DID does exist but may be over-diagnosed . Between 50 and 66 % of patients also meet the criteria for BPD , and nearly 75 % of patients with BPD also meet the criteria for DID , with considerable overlap between the two conditions in terms of personality traits , cognitive and day - to - day functioning , and ratings by clinicians . Both groups also report higher rates of physical and sexual abuse than the general population , and patients with BPD also score highly on measures of dissociation . Even using strict diagnostic criteria , it can be difficult to distinguish between dissociative disorders and BPD ( as well as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia ) , though the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders may help . </P>
when was dissociative identity disorder added to the dsm
when was dissociative identity disorder added to the dsm
1993
1993