<P> A major step forward in pacemaker function has been to attempt to mimic nature by utilizing various inputs to produce a rate - responsive pacemaker using parameters such as the QT interval , pO -- pCO ( dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide levels ) in the arterial - venous system , physical activity as determined by an accelerometer , body temperature , ATP levels , adrenaline , etc . Instead of producing a static , predetermined heart rate , or intermittent control , such a pacemaker , a ' Dynamic Pacemaker ' , could compensate for both actual respiratory loading and potentially anticipated respiratory loading . The first dynamic pacemaker was invented by Anthony Rickards of the National Heart Hospital , London , UK , in 1982 . </P>
<P> A major step forward in pacemaker function has been to attempt to mimic nature by utilizing various inputs to produce a rate - responsive pacemaker using parameters such as the QT interval , pO -- pCO ( dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide levels ) in the arterial - venous system , physical activity as determined by an accelerometer , body temperature , ATP levels , adrenaline , etc . Instead of producing a static , predetermined heart rate , or intermittent control , such a pacemaker , a ' Dynamic Pacemaker ' , could compensate for both actual respiratory loading and potentially anticipated respiratory loading . The first dynamic pacemaker was invented by Anthony Rickards of the National Heart Hospital , London , UK , in 1982 . </P>
when was the pacemaker invented in what year
when was the pacemaker invented in what year
1982
1982