<P> The three certainties refer to a rule within English trusts law on the creation of express trusts that , to be valid , the trust instrument must show certainty of intention , subject matter and object . `` Certainty of intention '' means that it must be clear that the donor or testator wishes to create a trust ; this is not dependent on any particular language used , and a trust can be created without the word `` trust '' being used , or even the donor knowing he is creating a trust . Since the 1950s , the courts have been more willing to conclude that there was intention to create a trust , rather than hold that the trust is void . `` Certainty of subject matter '' means that it must be clear what property is part of the trust . Historically the property must have been segregated from non-trust property ; more recently , the courts have drawn a line between tangible and intangible assets , holding that with intangible assets there is not always a need for segregation . `` Certainty of objects '' means that it must be clear who the beneficiaries , or objects , are . The test for determining this differs depending on the type of trust ; it can be that all beneficiaries must be individually identified , or that the trustees must be able to say with certainty , if a claimant comes before them , whether he is or is not a beneficiary . </P>
<P> The three certainties refer to a rule within English trusts law on the creation of express trusts that , to be valid , the trust instrument must show certainty of intention , subject matter and object . `` Certainty of intention '' means that it must be clear that the donor or testator wishes to create a trust ; this is not dependent on any particular language used , and a trust can be created without the word `` trust '' being used , or even the donor knowing he is creating a trust . Since the 1950s , the courts have been more willing to conclude that there was intention to create a trust , rather than hold that the trust is void . `` Certainty of subject matter '' means that it must be clear what property is part of the trust . Historically the property must have been segregated from non-trust property ; more recently , the courts have drawn a line between tangible and intangible assets , holding that with intangible assets there is not always a need for segregation . `` Certainty of objects '' means that it must be clear who the beneficiaries , or objects , are . The test for determining this differs depending on the type of trust ; it can be that all beneficiaries must be individually identified , or that the trustees must be able to say with certainty , if a claimant comes before them , whether he is or is not a beneficiary . </P>
what are the broad certainty requirements for the formation of a valid trust
what are the broad certainty requirements for the formation of a valid trust
intention , subject matter and object
intention , subject matter and object