<P> In 1813 the British chemist Edward Charles Howard invented a method of refining sugar that involved boiling the cane juice not in an open kettle , but in a closed vessel heated by steam and held under partial vacuum . At reduced pressure , water boils at a lower temperature , and this development both saved fuel and reduced the amount of sugar lost through caramelization . Further gains in fuel - efficiency came from the multiple - effect evaporator , designed by the United States engineer Norbert Rillieux ( perhaps as early as the 1820s , although the first working model dates from 1845 ) . This system consisted of a series of vacuum pans , each held at a lower pressure than the previous one . The vapors from each pan served to heat the next , with minimal heat wasted . Modern industries use multiple - effect evaporators for evaporating water . </P>
<P> In 1813 the British chemist Edward Charles Howard invented a method of refining sugar that involved boiling the cane juice not in an open kettle , but in a closed vessel heated by steam and held under partial vacuum . At reduced pressure , water boils at a lower temperature , and this development both saved fuel and reduced the amount of sugar lost through caramelization . Further gains in fuel - efficiency came from the multiple - effect evaporator , designed by the United States engineer Norbert Rillieux ( perhaps as early as the 1820s , although the first working model dates from 1845 ) . This system consisted of a series of vacuum pans , each held at a lower pressure than the previous one . The vapors from each pan served to heat the next , with minimal heat wasted . Modern industries use multiple - effect evaporators for evaporating water . </P>
who were the inventors of sugars in the way is consumed today
who were the inventors of sugars in the way is consumed today
British chemist Edward Charles Howard United States engineer Norbert Rillieux
British chemist Edward Charles Howard United States engineer Norbert Rillieux