<Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Sultan </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Reigned from </Th> <Th> Reigned until </Th> <Th> Tughra </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Rise of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299 -- 1453 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Osman I ĠĀZĪ ( The Warrior ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> c. 1299 </Td> <Td> 1323 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Ertuğrul and an unknown woman . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Orhan ĠĀZĪ ( The Warrior ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1323 </Td> <Td> 1362 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Osman I and Malhun Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Murad I SULTAN - İ AZAM ( The Most Exalted Sultan ) HÜDAVENDİGÂR ( The devotee of God ) ŞEHÎD ( Martyr ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1362 </Td> <Td> 15 June 1389 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> <Li> Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15 , 1389 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bayezid I SULTAN - İ RÛM ( Sultan of the Roman Empire ) YILDIRIM ( Lightning ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15 June 1389 </Td> <Td> 20 July 1402 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Murad I and Gülçiçek Hatun . </Li> <Li> Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara ( de facto end of reign ) ; </Li> <Li> Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Ottoman Interregnum ( 20 July 1402 -- 5 July 1413 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Mehmed I ÇELEBİ ( The Affable ) KİRİŞÇİ ( lit . The Bowstring Maker for his support ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 July 1413 </Td> <Td> 26 May 1421 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Murad II KOCA ( The Great ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 June 1421 </Td> <Td> 1444 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Mehmed I and Emine Hatun ; </Li> <Li> Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Mehmed II FĀTİḤ ( The Conqueror ) فاتح ‎ </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1444 </Td> <Td> 1446 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Murad II and Hüma Hatun . </Li> <Li> Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power , along with rising threats from Janissaries . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Murad II KOCA ( The Great ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1446 </Td> <Td> 3 February 1451 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Second reign ; </Li> <Li> Forced to return to the throne following a Janissary insurgence ; </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Growth of the Ottoman Empire ( 1453 -- 1550 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Mehmed II KAYSER - İ RÛM ( Caesar of the Roman Empire ) FĀTİḤ ( The Conqueror ) فاتح ‎ </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 3 February 1451 </Td> <Td> 3 May 1481 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Second reign ; </Li> <Li> Conquered Constantinople in 1453 ; </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Bayezid II VELÎ ( The Saint ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 19 May 1481 </Td> <Td> 25 April 1512 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Mehmed II and Gülbahar Hatun . </Li> <Li> Abdicated . </Li> <Li> Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Selim I YAVUZ ( The Strong ) Hadim'ul Haramain'ish - Sharifain ( Servant of Mecca and Medina ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 April 1512 </Td> <Td> 21 September 1520 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Bayezid II and Gülbahar Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Suleiman I MUHTEŞEM ( The Magnificent ) <P> or KANÛNÎ ( The Lawgiver ) قانونى ‎ </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 September 1520 </Td> <Td> 6 or 7 September 1566 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Selim I and Hafsa Sultan ; </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7">
<Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Sultan </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Reigned from </Th> <Th> Reigned until </Th> <Th> Tughra </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Rise of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299 -- 1453 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Osman I ĠĀZĪ ( The Warrior ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> c. 1299 </Td> <Td> 1323 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Ertuğrul and an unknown woman . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Orhan ĠĀZĪ ( The Warrior ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1323 </Td> <Td> 1362 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Osman I and Malhun Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Murad I SULTAN - İ AZAM ( The Most Exalted Sultan ) HÜDAVENDİGÂR ( The devotee of God ) ŞEHÎD ( Martyr ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1362 </Td> <Td> 15 June 1389 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> <Li> Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15 , 1389 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bayezid I SULTAN - İ RÛM ( Sultan of the Roman Empire ) YILDIRIM ( Lightning ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15 June 1389 </Td> <Td> 20 July 1402 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Murad I and Gülçiçek Hatun . </Li> <Li> Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara ( de facto end of reign ) ; </Li> <Li> Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Ottoman Interregnum ( 20 July 1402 -- 5 July 1413 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Mehmed I ÇELEBİ ( The Affable ) KİRİŞÇİ ( lit . The Bowstring Maker for his support ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 July 1413 </Td> <Td> 26 May 1421 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Murad II KOCA ( The Great ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 June 1421 </Td> <Td> 1444 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Mehmed I and Emine Hatun ; </Li> <Li> Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Mehmed II FĀTİḤ ( The Conqueror ) فاتح ‎ </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1444 </Td> <Td> 1446 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Murad II and Hüma Hatun . </Li> <Li> Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power , along with rising threats from Janissaries . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Murad II KOCA ( The Great ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1446 </Td> <Td> 3 February 1451 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Second reign ; </Li> <Li> Forced to return to the throne following a Janissary insurgence ; </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Growth of the Ottoman Empire ( 1453 -- 1550 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Mehmed II KAYSER - İ RÛM ( Caesar of the Roman Empire ) FĀTİḤ ( The Conqueror ) فاتح ‎ </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 3 February 1451 </Td> <Td> 3 May 1481 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Second reign ; </Li> <Li> Conquered Constantinople in 1453 ; </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Bayezid II VELÎ ( The Saint ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 19 May 1481 </Td> <Td> 25 April 1512 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Mehmed II and Gülbahar Hatun . </Li> <Li> Abdicated . </Li> <Li> Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Selim I YAVUZ ( The Strong ) Hadim'ul Haramain'ish - Sharifain ( Servant of Mecca and Medina ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 April 1512 </Td> <Td> 21 September 1520 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Bayezid II and Gülbahar Hatun . </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Suleiman I MUHTEŞEM ( The Magnificent ) <P> or KANÛNÎ ( The Lawgiver ) قانونى ‎ </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 September 1520 </Td> <Td> 6 or 7 September 1566 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Son of Selim I and Hafsa Sultan ; </Li> <Li> Reigned until his death . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7">
who ruled the ottoman empire at its height in about 1550
who ruled the ottoman empire at its height in about 1550
Suleiman I
Suleiman I