[PAR] [TLE] Abrikosov vortex [SEP] In superconductivity, an Abrikosov vortex is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957.  The supercurrent circulates around the normal (i.e. non-superconducting) core of the vortex.  The core has a size formula_1 — the superconducting coherence length (parameter of a Ginzburg-Landau theory).  The supercurrents decay on the distance about formula_2 (London penetration depth) from the core.  Note that in type-II superconductors formula_3.  The circulating supercurrents induce magnetic fields with the total flux equal to a single flux quantum formula_4.  Therefore, an Abrikosov vortex is often called a fluxon. [PAR] [TLE] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov [SEP] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов ; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017) was a Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics.  He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.
[PAR] [TLE] Abrikosov vortex [ SEP ] In superconductivity , an Abrikosov vortex is a vortex of supercurrent in a type - II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957 . The supercurrent circulates around the normal ( i.e. non - superconducting ) core of the vortex . The core has a size formula_1 — the superconducting coherence length ( parameter of a Ginzburg - Landau theory ) . The supercurrents decay on the distance about formula_2 ( London penetration depth ) from the core . Note that in type - II superconductors formula_3 . The circulating supercurrents induce magnetic fields with the total flux equal to a single flux quantum formula_4 . Therefore , an Abrikosov vortex is often called a fluxon . [PAR] [TLE] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov [ SEP ] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov ( Russian : Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов ; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017 ) was a Soviet , Russian and American theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics . He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003 .
In what year did a Soviet, Russian, and American theoretical physicist, whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics, come up with his famous theory?
In what year did a Soviet , Russian , and American theoretical physicist , whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics , come up with his famous theory ?
1957
1957