<P> Genetic engineering , also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation , is the direct manipulation of an organism 's genes using biotechnology . It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells , including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms . New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA . A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism . The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus . As well as inserting genes , the process can be used to remove , or `` knock out '' , genes . The new DNA can be inserted randomly , or targeted to a specific part of the genome . </P>
<P> Genetic engineering , also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation , is the direct manipulation of an organism 's genes using biotechnology . It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells , including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms . New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA . A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism . The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus . As well as inserting genes , the process can be used to remove , or `` knock out '' , genes . The new DNA can be inserted randomly , or targeted to a specific part of the genome . </P>
manipulation of the genetic makeup of cells or whole organisms is known as
manipulation of the genetic makeup of cells or whole organisms is known as
Genetic engineering , also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation
Genetic engineering , also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation