[PAR] [TLE] Krzysztof Penderecki [SEP] Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki ( ; ] ; born 23 November 1933) is a Polish composer and conductor. " The Guardian" has called him Poland's greatest living composer.  Among his best known works are his "Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima", "Symphony No. 3", "St. Luke Passion", "Polish Requiem", "Anaklasis", "Utrenja", four operas, eight symphonies and other orchestral pieces, a variety of instrumental concertos, choral settings of mainly religious texts, as well as chamber and instrumental works. [PAR] [TLE] Die schwarze Maske [SEP] Die schwarze Maske ("The Black Mask") is an opera by composer Krzysztof Penderecki using a German libretto by the composer and Harry Kupfer which is based on a 1928 play by Gerhart Hauptmann.  The opera premiered at the Salzburg Festival on 15 August 1986, after which there were productions mounted at the Vienna State Opera and the Great Theatre, Warsaw during the following opera season.  The work had its United States premiere on July 30, 1988 at the Santa Fe Opera with a cast that included Mark Lundberg.
[PAR] [TLE] Krzysztof Penderecki [ SEP ] Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki ( ; ] ; born 23 November 1933 ) is a Polish composer and conductor . " The Guardian " has called him Poland 's greatest living composer . Among his best known works are his " Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima " , " Symphony No . 3 " , " St. Luke Passion " , " Polish Requiem " , " Anaklasis " , " Utrenja " , four operas , eight symphonies and other orchestral pieces , a variety of instrumental concertos , choral settings of mainly religious texts , as well as chamber and instrumental works . [PAR] [TLE] Die schwarze Maske [ SEP ] Die schwarze Maske ( " The Black Mask " ) is an opera by composer Krzysztof Penderecki using a German libretto by the composer and Harry Kupfer which is based on a 1928 play by Gerhart Hauptmann . The opera premiered at the Salzburg Festival on 15 August 1986 , after which there were productions mounted at the Vienna State Opera and the Great Theatre , Warsaw during the following opera season . The work had its United States premiere on July 30 , 1988 at the Santa Fe Opera with a cast that included Mark Lundberg .
The composer of Die schwarze Maske was born in what year?
The composer of Die schwarze Maske was born in what year ?
1933
1933