[PAR] [TLE] Hiram Mann [SEP] Hiram Mann (May 23, 1921 – May 17, 2014) was an American aviator, retired lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force, and member of the Tuskegee Airmen's 332nd Fighter Group, an elite squadron of African-American airmen during World War II.  Mann flew forty-eight missions over Europe as a member of the 332nd Fighter Group during the war.  Mann was a member of the "Red Tails," as the Tuskegee Airmen were called at the time, so-called because the tails of the P-51D Mustangs flown by the African-American pilots in combat missions were painted crimson red.  (The term "Tuskegee Airmen" did not come into use until the creation of a veteran's organization in 1972).  Mann nicknamed his own fighter plane "The Iron Lady" after his wife. [PAR] [TLE] Tuskegee Airmen [SEP] is the popular name of a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II.  Officially, they formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces.  The name also applies to the navigators, bombardiers, mechanics, instructors, crew chiefs, nurses, cooks and other support personnel for the pilots.
[PAR] [TLE] Hiram Mann [ SEP ] Hiram Mann ( May 23 , 1921 – May 17 , 2014 ) was an American aviator , retired lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force , and member of the Tuskegee Airmen 's 332nd Fighter Group , an elite squadron of African - American airmen during World War II . Mann flew forty - eight missions over Europe as a member of the 332nd Fighter Group during the war . Mann was a member of the " Red Tails , " as the Tuskegee Airmen were called at the time , so - called because the tails of the P-51D Mustangs flown by the African - American pilots in combat missions were painted crimson red . ( The term " Tuskegee Airmen " did not come into use until the creation of a veteran 's organization in 1972 ) . Mann nicknamed his own fighter plane " The Iron Lady " after his wife . [PAR] [TLE] Tuskegee Airmen [ SEP ] is the popular name of a group of African - American military pilots ( fighter and bomber ) who fought in World War II . Officially , they formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces . The name also applies to the navigators , bombardiers , mechanics , instructors , crew chiefs , nurses , cooks and other support personnel for the pilots .
What was the ethnic group of these military pilots who fought in World War II of which Hiram Mann was a member?
What was the ethnic group of these military pilots who fought in World War II of which Hiram Mann was a member ?
African-American
African-American