[PAR] [TLE] Franz von Papen [SEP] Franz von Papen (] ; 29 October 18792 May 1969) was a German nobleman, General Staff officer and politician.  He served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933–34.  He belonged to the group of close advisers to President Paul von Hindenburg in the late Weimar Republic.  It was largely Papen, believing that Hitler could be controlled once he was in the government, who persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in a cabinet not under Nazi Party domination.  However, Papen and his allies were quickly marginalized by Hitler and he left the government after the Night of the Long Knives, during which the Nazis killed some of his confidantes. [PAR] [TLE] Reichskonkordat [SEP] The Reichskonkordat ("Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich") is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany.  It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen on behalf of President Paul von Hindenburg and the German government.  It was ratified September 10, 1933 and it has been in force from that date onward.  The treaty guarantees the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany.  When bishops take office Article 16 states they are required to take an oath of loyalty to the Governor or President of the German Reich established according to the constitution.  The treaty also requires all clergy to abstain from working in and for political parties.  Nazi breaches of the agreement began almost as soon as it had been signed and intensified afterwards leading to protest from the Church including in the 1937 "Mit brennender Sorge" encyclical of Pope Pius XI.  The Nazis planned to eliminate the Church's influence by restricting its organizations to purely religious activities.
[PAR] [TLE] Franz von Papen [ SEP ] Franz von Papen ( ] ; 29 October 18792 May 1969 ) was a German nobleman , General Staff officer and politician . He served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice - Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933–34 . He belonged to the group of close advisers to President Paul von Hindenburg in the late Weimar Republic . It was largely Papen , believing that Hitler could be controlled once he was in the government , who persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in a cabinet not under Nazi Party domination . However , Papen and his allies were quickly marginalized by Hitler and he left the government after the Night of the Long Knives , during which the Nazis killed some of his confidantes . [PAR] [TLE] Reichskonkordat [ SEP ] The Reichskonkordat ( " Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich " ) is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany . It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli , who later became Pope Pius XII , on behalf of Pope Pius XI and Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen on behalf of President Paul von Hindenburg and the German government . It was ratified September 10 , 1933 and it has been in force from that date onward . The treaty guarantees the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany . When bishops take office Article 16 states they are required to take an oath of loyalty to the Governor or President of the German Reich established according to the constitution . The treaty also requires all clergy to abstain from working in and for political parties . Nazi breaches of the agreement began almost as soon as it had been signed and intensified afterwards leading to protest from the Church including in the 1937 " Mit brennender Sorge " encyclical of Pope Pius XI . The Nazis planned to eliminate the Church 's influence by restricting its organizations to purely religious activities .
The Reichskonkordat was signed by the Cardinal Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI and the Vice Chancellor under which leader?
The Reichskonkordat was signed by the Cardinal Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI and the Vice Chancellor under which leader ?
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler