[PAR] [TLE] Hypermodernism (chess) [SEP] Hypermodernism is a school of chess that emerged after World War I.  It featured challenges to the chess ideas of central European masters, including Wilhelm Steinitz's approach to the centre and the rules established by Siegbert Tarrasch.  The Hypermoderns demonstrated their new ideas with games and victories.  Aron Nimzowitsch showed that games could be won through indirect control of the center, breaking with Tarrasch's view that the center must be occupied by pawns.  Nimzowitsch advocated controlling the center of the board with distant pieces rather than with pawns, thus inviting the opponent to occupy the center with pawns, which can then become targets of attack.  This was part of the hypermodern framework, which Nimzowitsch encapsulated in his seminal book "My System", which greatly influenced many chess players.  It introduced and formalized concepts of the pawn chain, overprotection, undermining, prophylaxis, restraint, rook on the seventh rank, knight outposts, the dynamics of the isolated queen's pawn, and other areas of chess. [PAR] [TLE] Wilhelm Steinitz [SEP] Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836 – August 12, 1900) was an Austrian and later American chess master, and the first undisputed world chess champion, from 1886 to 1894.  He was also a highly influential writer and chess theoretician.
[PAR] [TLE] Hypermodernism ( chess ) [ SEP ] Hypermodernism is a school of chess that emerged after World War I. It featured challenges to the chess ideas of central European masters , including Wilhelm Steinitz 's approach to the centre and the rules established by Siegbert Tarrasch . The Hypermoderns demonstrated their new ideas with games and victories . Aron Nimzowitsch showed that games could be won through indirect control of the center , breaking with Tarrasch 's view that the center must be occupied by pawns . Nimzowitsch advocated controlling the center of the board with distant pieces rather than with pawns , thus inviting the opponent to occupy the center with pawns , which can then become targets of attack . This was part of the hypermodern framework , which Nimzowitsch encapsulated in his seminal book " My System " , which greatly influenced many chess players . It introduced and formalized concepts of the pawn chain , overprotection , undermining , prophylaxis , restraint , rook on the seventh rank , knight outposts , the dynamics of the isolated queen 's pawn , and other areas of chess . [PAR] [TLE] Wilhelm Steinitz [ SEP ] Wilhelm ( later William ) Steinitz ( May 17 , 1836 – August 12 , 1900 ) was an Austrian and later American chess master , and the first undisputed world chess champion , from 1886 to 1894 . He was also a highly influential writer and chess theoretician .
In what year was the chess master, whose ideas of approach to the centre were challenged by Hypermodernism, born?
In what year was the chess master , whose ideas of approach to the centre were challenged by Hypermodernism , born ?
1836
1836