[PAR] [TLE] Baruch Spinoza [SEP] Baruch Spinoza ( ; ] ; born Benedito de Espinosa, ] ; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677, later Benedict de Spinoza) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin.  By laying the groundwork for the 18th-century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism, including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy.  Along with René Descartes, Spinoza was a leading philosophical figure of the Dutch Golden Age.  Spinoza's given name, which means "Blessed", varies among different languages.  In Hebrew, it is written ברוך שפינוזה .  His Portuguese name is Benedito "Bento" de Espinosa .  In his Latin works, he used Latin: "Benedictus de Spinoza" . [PAR] [TLE] Conatus [SEP] In early philosophies of psychology and metaphysics, conatus ( ; Latin for "effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving") is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself.  This "thing" may be mind, matter or a combination of both.  Over the millennia, many different definitions and treatments have been formulated.  Seventeenth-century philosophers René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, and Thomas Hobbes made important contributions.  The "conatus" may refer to the instinctive "will to live" of living organisms or to various metaphysical theories of motion and inertia.  Often the concept is associated with God's will in a pantheist view of Nature.  The concept may be broken up into separate definitions for the mind and body and split when discussing centrifugal force and inertia.
[PAR] [TLE] Baruch Spinoza [ SEP ] Baruch Spinoza ( ; ] ; born Benedito de Espinosa , ] ; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677 , later Benedict de Spinoza ) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi / Portuguese origin . By laying the groundwork for the 18th - century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism , including modern conceptions of the self and the universe , he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th - century philosophy . Along with René Descartes , Spinoza was a leading philosophical figure of the Dutch Golden Age . Spinoza 's given name , which means " Blessed " , varies among different languages . In Hebrew , it is written ברוך שפינוזה . His Portuguese name is Benedito " Bento " de Espinosa . In his Latin works , he used Latin : " Benedictus de Spinoza " . [PAR] [TLE] Conatus [ SEP ] In early philosophies of psychology and metaphysics , conatus ( ; Latin for " effort ; endeavor ; impulse , inclination , tendency ; undertaking ; striving " ) is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself . This " thing " may be mind , matter or a combination of both . Over the millennia , many different definitions and treatments have been formulated . Seventeenth - century philosophers René Descartes , Baruch Spinoza , Gottfried Leibniz , and Thomas Hobbes made important contributions . The " conatus " may refer to the instinctive " will to live " of living organisms or to various metaphysical theories of motion and inertia . Often the concept is associated with God 's will in a pantheist view of Nature . The concept may be broken up into separate definitions for the mind and body and split when discussing centrifugal force and inertia .
Which Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin made a contribution in conatus?
Which Dutch philosopher of Sephardi / Portuguese origin made a contribution in conatus ?
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza