[PAR] [TLE] Quantum vortex [SEP] In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity.  In most cases quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors.  The existence of quantum vortices was predicted by Lars Onsager in 1947 in connection with superfluid helium.  Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions.  These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors by Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov.  In 1935 Fritz London published a very closely related work on magnetic flux quantization in superconductors.  London's fluxoid can also be viewed as a quantum vortex. [PAR] [TLE] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov [SEP] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов ; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017) was a Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics.  He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.
[PAR] [TLE] Quantum vortex [ SEP ] In physics , a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity . In most cases quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors . The existence of quantum vortices was predicted by Lars Onsager in 1947 in connection with superfluid helium . Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions . These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type - II superconductors by Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov . In 1935 Fritz London published a very closely related work on magnetic flux quantization in superconductors . London 's fluxoid can also be viewed as a quantum vortex . [PAR] [TLE] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov [ SEP ] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov ( Russian : Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов ; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017 ) was a Soviet , Russian and American theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics . He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003 .
What prize did the man who used the ideas of Lars Onsager in 1957 to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors in 2003?
What prize did the man who used the ideas of Lars Onsager in 1957 to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type - II superconductors in 2003 ?
Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics