[PAR] [TLE] Race-norming [SEP] Race-norming, more formally called within-group score conversion and score adjustment strategy, is the practice of adjusting test scores to account for the race or ethnicity of the test-taker.  In the United States, it was first implemented by the United States federal government in 1981 with little publicity, and was subsequently outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1991.  Prior to being banned by the federal government, race-norming was practiced by 38 U.S. states' employment services.  The aim of this practice is to counteract alleged racial bias in aptitude tests administered to job applicants, as well as in neuropsychological tests. University of Delaware professor Linda Gottfredson has been very critical of this practice, as have conservative columnist George Will and law professor Robert J. Delahunty.  In the 1980s, the Reagan administration ordered a study into the unadjusted General Aptitude Test Battery (without race-norming); the results, released in 1989, showed that it was not strongly related to job performance. [PAR] [TLE] George Will [SEP] George Frederick Will (born May 4, 1941) is an American conservative political commentator.  Will writes regular columns for "The Washington Post" and provides commentary for NBC News and MSNBC.  In 1986, "The Wall Street Journal" called him "perhaps the most powerful journalist in America", in a league with Walter Lippmann (1889–1974).  His numerous awards include the Pulitzer Prize for commentary in 1977.
[PAR] [TLE] Race - norming [ SEP ] Race - norming , more formally called within - group score conversion and score adjustment strategy , is the practice of adjusting test scores to account for the race or ethnicity of the test - taker . In the United States , it was first implemented by the United States federal government in 1981 with little publicity , and was subsequently outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1991 . Prior to being banned by the federal government , race - norming was practiced by 38 U.S. states ' employment services . The aim of this practice is to counteract alleged racial bias in aptitude tests administered to job applicants , as well as in neuropsychological tests . University of Delaware professor Linda Gottfredson has been very critical of this practice , as have conservative columnist George Will and law professor Robert J. Delahunty . In the 1980s , the Reagan administration ordered a study into the unadjusted General Aptitude Test Battery ( without race - norming ) ; the results , released in 1989 , showed that it was not strongly related to job performance . [PAR] [TLE] George Will [ SEP ] George Frederick Will ( born May 4 , 1941 ) is an American conservative political commentator . Will writes regular columns for " The Washington Post " and provides commentary for NBC News and MSNBC . In 1986 , " The Wall Street Journal " called him " perhaps the most powerful journalist in America " , in a league with Walter Lippmann ( 1889–1974 ) . His numerous awards include the Pulitzer Prize for commentary in 1977 .
Which MSNBC commentator has been very critical of "race-norming?"
Which MSNBC commentator has been very critical of " race - norming ? "
George Will
George Will