[PAR] [TLE] Chromaffin cell [SEP] Chromaffin cells, also pheochromocytes, are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals.  These cells serve a variety of functions such as serving as a response to stress, monitoring carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the body, maintenance of respiration and the regulation of blood pressure.  They are in close proximity to pre-synaptic sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system, with which they communicate, and structurally they are similar to post-synaptic sympathetic neurons.  In order to activate chromaffin cells, the splanchnic nerve of the sympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine, which then binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the adrenal medulla.  This causes the release of catecholamines.  The chromaffin cells release catecholamines: ~80% of Adrenaline (Epinephrine) and ~20% of Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine) into systemic circulation for systemic effects on multiple organs (similarly to secretory neurones of the hypothalamus), and can also send paracrine signals.  Hence they are called neuroendocrine cells. [PAR] [TLE] Epinephrine [SEP] Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.  Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons.  It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar.  It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors.  It is found in many animals and some single cell organisms.  Napoleon Cybulski first isolated epinephrine in 1895.
[PAR] [TLE] Chromaffin cell [ SEP ] Chromaffin cells , also pheochromocytes , are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals . These cells serve a variety of functions such as serving as a response to stress , monitoring carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the body , maintenance of respiration and the regulation of blood pressure . They are in close proximity to pre - synaptic sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system , with which they communicate , and structurally they are similar to post - synaptic sympathetic neurons . In order to activate chromaffin cells , the splanchnic nerve of the sympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine , which then binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the adrenal medulla . This causes the release of catecholamines . The chromaffin cells release catecholamines : ~80 % of Adrenaline ( Epinephrine ) and ~20 % of Noradrenaline ( Norepinephrine ) into systemic circulation for systemic effects on multiple organs ( similarly to secretory neurones of the hypothalamus ) , and can also send paracrine signals . Hence they are called neuroendocrine cells . [PAR] [TLE] Epinephrine [ SEP ] Epinephrine , also known as adrenalin or adrenaline , is a hormone , neurotransmitter , and medication . Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons . It plays an important role in the fight - or - flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles , output of the heart , pupil dilation , and blood sugar . It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors . It is found in many animals and some single cell organisms . Napoleon Cybulski first isolated epinephrine in 1895 .
What hormone produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons is released by chromaffin cells?
What hormone produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons is released by chromaffin cells ?
Epinephrine
Epinephrine