[PAR] [TLE] Algerian War [SEP] The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution (Arabic: الثورة الجزائرية‎ ‎ "Al-thawra Al-Jazaa'iriyya ";, Berber: ;, French: "Guerre d'Algérie" or "Révolution algérienne ") was a war between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (French: "Front de Libération Nationale" – FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France.  An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting, and the use of torture by both sides.  The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities .  The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. [PAR] [TLE] Manifesto of the 121 [SEP] The Manifesto of the 121 (French: "Manifeste des 121" , full title: "Déclaration sur le droit à l’insoumission dans la guerre d’Algérie" or "Declaration on the right of insubordination in the Algerian War") was an open letter signed by 121 intellectuals and published on 6 September 1960 in the magazine "Vérité-Liberté".  It called on the French government, then headed by the Gaullist Michel Debré, and public opinion to recognise the Algerian War as a legitimate struggle for independence, denouncing the use of torture by the French army, and calling for French conscientious objectors to the conflict to be respected by the authorities.
[PAR] [TLE] Algerian War [ SEP ] The Algerian War , also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution ( Arabic : الثورة الجزائرية‎ ‎ " Al - thawra Al - Jazaa'iriyya " ; , Berber : ; , French : " Guerre d'Algérie " or " Révolution algérienne ") was a war between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front ( French : " Front de Libération Nationale " – FLN ) from 1954 to 1962 , which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France . An important decolonization war , it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare , maquis fighting , and the use of torture by both sides . The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities . The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria , with repercussions in metropolitan France . [PAR] [TLE] Manifesto of the 121 [ SEP ] The Manifesto of the 121 ( French : " Manifeste des 121 " , full title : " Déclaration sur le droit à l’insoumission dans la guerre d’Algérie " or " Declaration on the right of insubordination in the Algerian War " ) was an open letter signed by 121 intellectuals and published on 6 September 1960 in the magazine " Vérité - Liberté " . It called on the French government , then headed by the Gaullist Michel Debré , and public opinion to recognise the Algerian War as a legitimate struggle for independence , denouncing the use of torture by the French army , and calling for French conscientious objectors to the conflict to be respected by the authorities .
What war between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front inspired the Manifesto of the 121?
What war between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front inspired the Manifesto of the 121 ?
The Algerian War
The Algerian War