[PAR] [TLE] Robot Patent [SEP] The Robot Patent is an English-language scholarly term for the imperial decrees (patents) in the 1700s abolishing compulsory labor (robot) of serfs, issued by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had carried out a register of all land with a division between peasant and noble holdings. [PAR] [TLE] Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor [SEP] Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790.  He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette.  He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine.  Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which eventually culminated in an ultimate failure to fully implement his programmes.  He has been ranked, with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia, as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs.  His policies are now known as Josephinism.  He died with no sons and was succeeded by his younger brother, Leopold II.
[PAR] [TLE] Robot Patent [ SEP ] The Robot Patent is an English - language scholarly term for the imperial decrees ( patents ) in the 1700s abolishing compulsory labor ( robot ) of serfs , issued by Joseph II , Holy Roman Emperor , who had carried out a register of all land with a division between peasant and noble holdings . [PAR] [TLE] Joseph II , Holy Roman Emperor [ SEP ] Joseph II ( Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam ; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790 ) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790 . He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband , Emperor Francis I , and was the brother of Marie Antoinette . He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine , styled Habsburg - Lorraine . Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism ; however , his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition , which eventually culminated in an ultimate failure to fully implement his programmes . He has been ranked , with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia , as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs . His policies are now known as Josephinism . He died with no sons and was succeeded by his younger brother , Leopold II .
Who was the mother of the emperor that issued the Robot Patent?
Who was the mother of the emperor that issued the Robot Patent ?
Empress Maria Theresa
Empress Maria Theresa