After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
After World War I , when Britain and France divided up the Middle East 's countries , apart from Turkey , between them , pursuant to the Sykes - Picot agreement — in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy — there came an immediate reaction : the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt , the House of Saud took over the Hijaz , and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey . " [ B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East , " writes de Bellaigne , " Islamism and militarism , received a major impetus from Western empire - builders . " As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis , the aspirations of the Muslim world 's translators and modernizers , such as Muhammad Abduh , largely had to yield to retrograde currents .
What two countries divvied up the Middle East's countries after WWI?
What two countries divvied up the Middle East 's countries after WWI ?
Britain and France
Britain and France