JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (CNN) -- Hugh Masekela is the legendary South African musician whose songs were an inspiration in the fight to end apartheid. He tells CNN about growing up under apartheid, why he left South Africa and what is was like to move back to Johannesburg after 30 years away.



Hugh Masekela: "The people of South Africa deserve entertainment, recreation and freedom."



CNN: How did the suffering of the apartheid influence your art?



Hugh Masekela: I don't think what I do is influenced by suffering. I come from a talented people who are prolific in music and dance. We have wonderful singers and we have a diversity of music here that is just amazing.



But in spite of being oppressed these people were very resilient and they were mostly resilient through song. I think we are the only society where music played such a major part in our resistance.



We grew up in rallies and in the street. We didn't have televisions so we played in the streets and made up songs about what was happening.



Watch Hugh Masekela take CNN on a tour of Johannesburg ».



CNN: What's your earliest memory of Johannesburg?



HM: I came to Jo' burg from Springs [a town near Johannesburg]. My family moved to Alexandra township and the first time I went to town alone I must have been 10 or 11. Jo' burg used to be scrubbed every night with fire hoses and those hard brooms and the granite on the sidewalks would always sparkle. I remember that because I came from Alexander township where there were no lights, no sewage and no cafes.



The most vivid memory I have -- we used to stop and look through restaurant windows at the white people eating fancy food, and we'd say "what do you think that is?" and "there are so many types of food!"



CNN: How did it feel to leave South Africa?



HM: When I left South Africa in 1960 I was 20 years old. I wanted to try to get an education and music education was not available for me in South Africa. I wanted to learn from the same kind of teachers that taught Miles Davis and Clifford Brown and Chad Baker and they were not in South Africa. I hoped that one day I could go and learn some of those things and then come back and teach.



It was a rough time, when the apartheid government first started showing that if you don't behave, they'll shoot you -- women and children too. You saw police with guns, with machine guns, and for the first time you saw tanks.



We had a group called the Jazz Epistles and we were about to take off on a national tour. We were the first African group to play on an LP, but gatherings of more than 10 people were banned so we couldn't do our tour.



But four years later, when I was ready to come back to South Africa, I couldn't. The place was impenetrable. By then Mandela had been sentenced to life imprisonment. So I stayed 26 years longer than I planned to.



See Hugh Masekela's Johannesburg »



CNN: Tell us about coming home.



HM: It was great, but it was also a tense time coming back to South Africa and we were not naive about it. It was a time of real turmoil. There were no-go places in the townships, there was sniping, there were major clashes and it was a time when civil war was threatening.



When I left South Africa there were 10 million people -- when I came back there were more than 40 million. I had to learn how to get to the highways because when I left where there were no highways. And I had to adjust my language because people would say "we don't' talk like that anymore!" I was like a sponge trying to learn to do the right things.



Not many people came back from exile compared with those who left. About a million left -- 50,000 came back, and of those about 25,000 did a U-turn
JOHANNESBURG , South Africa ( CNN ) -- Hugh Masekela is the legendary South African musician whose songs were an inspiration in the fight to end apartheid . He tells CNN about growing up under apartheid , why he left South Africa and what is was like to move back to Johannesburg after 30 years away . Hugh Masekela : " The people of South Africa deserve entertainment , recreation and freedom . " CNN : How did the suffering of the apartheid influence your art ? Hugh Masekela : I do n't think what I do is influenced by suffering . I come from a talented people who are prolific in music and dance . We have wonderful singers and we have a diversity of music here that is just amazing . But in spite of being oppressed these people were very resilient and they were mostly resilient through song . I think we are the only society where music played such a major part in our resistance . We grew up in rallies and in the street . We did n't have televisions so we played in the streets and made up songs about what was happening . Watch Hugh Masekela take CNN on a tour of Johannesburg » . CNN : What 's your earliest memory of Johannesburg ? HM : I came to Jo ' burg from Springs [ a town near Johannesburg]. My family moved to Alexandra township and the first time I went to town alone I must have been 10 or 11 . Jo ' burg used to be scrubbed every night with fire hoses and those hard brooms and the granite on the sidewalks would always sparkle . I remember that because I came from Alexander township where there were no lights , no sewage and no cafes . The most vivid memory I have -- we used to stop and look through restaurant windows at the white people eating fancy food , and we 'd say " what do you think that is ? " and " there are so many types of food ! " CNN : How did it feel to leave South Africa ? HM : When I left South Africa in 1960 I was 20 years old . I wanted to try to get an education and music education was not available for me in South Africa . I wanted to learn from the same kind of teachers that taught Miles Davis and Clifford Brown and Chad Baker and they were not in South Africa . I hoped that one day I could go and learn some of those things and then come back and teach . It was a rough time , when the apartheid government first started showing that if you do n't behave , they 'll shoot you -- women and children too . You saw police with guns , with machine guns , and for the first time you saw tanks . We had a group called the Jazz Epistles and we were about to take off on a national tour . We were the first African group to play on an LP , but gatherings of more than 10 people were banned so we could n't do our tour . But four years later , when I was ready to come back to South Africa , I could n't . The place was impenetrable . By then Mandela had been sentenced to life imprisonment . So I stayed 26 years longer than I planned to . See Hugh Masekela 's Johannesburg » CNN : Tell us about coming home . HM : It was great , but it was also a tense time coming back to South Africa and we were not naive about it . It was a time of real turmoil . There were no - go places in the townships , there was sniping , there were major clashes and it was a time when civil war was threatening . When I left South Africa there were 10 million people -- when I came back there were more than 40 million . I had to learn how to get to the highways because when I left where there were no highways . And I had to adjust my language because people would say " we do n't ' talk like that anymore ! " I was like a sponge trying to learn to do the right things . Not many people came back from exile compared with those who left . About a million left -- 50,000 came back , and of those about 25,000 did a U - turn
Where is Johannesburg?
Where is Johannesburg ?
South Africa
South Africa