In Italy, Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge (a.k.a. P2). This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877, as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges. Under Licio Gelli's leadership, in the late 1970s, P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank. However, by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly, as the Grand Orient had revoked its charter and expelled Gelli in 1976.
In Italy , Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge ( a.k.a . P2 ) . This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877 , as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges . Under Licio Gelli 's leadership , in the late 1970s , P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank . However , by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly , as the Grand Orient had revoked its charter and expelled Gelli in 1976 .
When did the Grande Oriente d'italia charter the Propaganda Due Lodge?
When did the Grande Oriente d'italia charter the Propaganda Due Lodge ?
1877
1877