Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases. Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates have been replaced largely by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines consisting of purified components, including capsular polysaccharides and their conjugates, to protein carriers, as well as inactivated toxins (toxoids) and proteins.
Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation . Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection , leading to the activation of macrophages , the production of antibodies , inflammation , and other classic immune reactions . Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases . Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates have been replaced largely by less reactogenic , cell - free vaccines consisting of purified components , including capsular polysaccharides and their conjugates , to protein carriers , as well as inactivated toxins ( toxoids ) and proteins .
What do vaccines need to work?
What do vaccines need to work ?
immune modulation or augmentation
immune modulation or augmentation