<Table> Characteristics of prominent forms of principal gut regulatory peptides <Tr> <Th> Hormone or peptide </Th> <Th> Molecular weight ( Da ) </Th> <Th> Number of amino acids </Th> <Th> Main gut localization </Th> <Th> Principal physiologic actions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gastrin family </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cholecystokinin </Td> <Td> 3918 </Td> <Td> 33 ( also 385 , 59 ) </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum , Enteric nerves </Td> <Td> Stimulates gallbladder contraction and intestinal motility ; stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes , insulin , glucagon , and pancreatic polypeptides ; has a role in indicating satiety ; the C - terminal 8 amino acid peptide cholecystokinin ( CCK ) - 8 retains full activity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Little gastrin </Td> <Td> 2098 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Both forms of gastrin are found in the gastric antrum and duodenum </Td> <Td> Gastrins stimulate the secretion of gastric acid , pepsinogen , intrinsic factor , and secretin ; stimulate intestinal mucosal growth ; increase gastric and intestinal motility </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big gastrin </Td> <Td> 3839 </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Secretin - glucagon family </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Secretin </Td> <Td> 3056 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum </Td> <Td> Stimulates pancreatic secretion of HCO , enzymes and insulin ; reduces gastric and duodenal motility , inhibits gastrin release and gastric acid secretion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP ) </Td> <Td> 3326 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Enteric nerves </Td> <Td> Relaxes smooth muscle of gut , blood vessels , and genitourinary system ; increases water and electrolyte secretion from pancreas and gut ; releases hormones from pancreas , gut , and hypothalamus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Glucose - dependent insulinotropic </Td> <Td> 4976 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum </Td> <Td> Stimulates insulin release ; reduces gastric and intestinal motility ; increases fluid and electrolyte secretion from small intestine </Td> </Tr> </Table>
<Table> Characteristics of prominent forms of principal gut regulatory peptides <Tr> <Th> Hormone or peptide </Th> <Th> Molecular weight ( Da ) </Th> <Th> Number of amino acids </Th> <Th> Main gut localization </Th> <Th> Principal physiologic actions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gastrin family </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cholecystokinin </Td> <Td> 3918 </Td> <Td> 33 ( also 385 , 59 ) </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum , Enteric nerves </Td> <Td> Stimulates gallbladder contraction and intestinal motility ; stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes , insulin , glucagon , and pancreatic polypeptides ; has a role in indicating satiety ; the C - terminal 8 amino acid peptide cholecystokinin ( CCK ) - 8 retains full activity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Little gastrin </Td> <Td> 2098 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Both forms of gastrin are found in the gastric antrum and duodenum </Td> <Td> Gastrins stimulate the secretion of gastric acid , pepsinogen , intrinsic factor , and secretin ; stimulate intestinal mucosal growth ; increase gastric and intestinal motility </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big gastrin </Td> <Td> 3839 </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Secretin - glucagon family </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Secretin </Td> <Td> 3056 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum </Td> <Td> Stimulates pancreatic secretion of HCO , enzymes and insulin ; reduces gastric and duodenal motility , inhibits gastrin release and gastric acid secretion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP ) </Td> <Td> 3326 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Enteric nerves </Td> <Td> Relaxes smooth muscle of gut , blood vessels , and genitourinary system ; increases water and electrolyte secretion from pancreas and gut ; releases hormones from pancreas , gut , and hypothalamus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Glucose - dependent insulinotropic </Td> <Td> 4976 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum </Td> <Td> Stimulates insulin release ; reduces gastric and intestinal motility ; increases fluid and electrolyte secretion from small intestine </Td> </Tr> </Table>
gastric hormones that control the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas
gastric hormones that control the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP )
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP )