<P> Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty , in that whilst the latter is predicated upon social relationships , altruism does not consider relationships . Much debate exists as to whether `` true '' altruism is possible in human psychology . The theory of psychological egoism suggests that no act of sharing , helping or sacrificing can be described as truly altruistic , as the actor may receive an intrinsic reward in the form of personal gratification . The validity of this argument depends on whether intrinsic rewards qualify as `` benefits '' . The actor also may not be expecting a reward . </P>
<P> Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty , in that whilst the latter is predicated upon social relationships , altruism does not consider relationships . Much debate exists as to whether `` true '' altruism is possible in human psychology . The theory of psychological egoism suggests that no act of sharing , helping or sacrificing can be described as truly altruistic , as the actor may receive an intrinsic reward in the form of personal gratification . The validity of this argument depends on whether intrinsic rewards qualify as `` benefits '' . The actor also may not be expecting a reward . </P>
focussed upon one 's own needs to the detriment of others
focussed upon one 's own needs to the detriment of others
psychological egoism
psychological egoism