<P> Caligae were constructed from three leather layers : an outsole , the middle openwork layer which formed the boot 's upper , and an insole . They were laced up the center of the foot and onto the top of the ankle . Additionally iron hobnails were hammered into the soles to provide the caligae with reinforcement and traction , and were also an effective weapon against a fallen enemy . </P>
<P> Caligae were constructed from three leather layers : an outsole , the middle openwork layer which formed the boot 's upper , and an insole . They were laced up the center of the foot and onto the top of the ankle . Additionally iron hobnails were hammered into the soles to provide the caligae with reinforcement and traction , and were also an effective weapon against a fallen enemy . </P>
what were shoes made of in ancient rome
what were shoes made of in ancient rome
leather iron hobnails
leather iron hobnails