<Table> <Tr> <Th> Field </Th> <Th> Person / s considered `` father '' or `` mother '' </Th> <Th> Rationale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bacteriology </Td> <Td> Robert Koch / Ferdinand Cohn / Louis Pasteur </Td> <Td> First to produce precise , correct descriptions of bacteria . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antonie van Leeuwenhoek </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biogeography </Td> <Td> Alfred Russel Wallace </Td> <Td> `` ... Often described as the Father of Biogeography , Wallace shows the impact of human activity on the natural world . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biology </Td> <Td> Aristotle </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ecology </Td> <Td> Carl Linnaeus / Ernst Haeckel / Eugenius Warming </Td> <Td> Linnaeus founded an early branch of ecology that he called The Economy of Nature ( 1772 ) , Haeckel coined the term `` ecology '' ( German : Oekologie , Ökologie ) ( 1866 ) , Warming authored the first book on plant ecology . Plantesamfund ( 1895 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Entomology </Td> <Td> Jan Swammerdam </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Johan Christian Fabricius </Td> <Td> Fabricius described and published information on over 10,000 insects and refined Linnaeus 's system of classification . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Kirby </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ethology </Td> <Td> Nikolaas Tinbergen Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz </Td> <Td> The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Nikolaas Tinbergen , Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch , joint awardees of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Evolution </Li> <Li> Natural selection </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Charles Darwin </Td> <Td> On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genetics </Td> <Td> Gregor Mendel </Td> <Td> For his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants , which forms the basis for Mendelian inheritance . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Bateson </Td> <Td> Proponent of Mendelism . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ichthyology </Td> <Td> Peter Artedi </Td> <Td> `` Far greater than either of these ... was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology , Petrus ( Peter ) Artedi ( 1705 -- 35 ) . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lichenology </Td> <Td> Erik Acharius </Td> <Td> `` Erik Acharius , the father of lichenology ... '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Microbiology </Td> <Td> Antonie van Leeuwenhoek </Td> <Td> The first to microscopically observe micro-organisms in water and the first to see bacteria . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molecular biology </Td> <Td> Linus Pauling </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molecular biophysics </Td> <Td> Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran </Td> <Td> Founded the ( world 's first ? ) molecular biophysics unit ( 1970 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paleontology </Td> <Td> Leonardo da Vinci George Cuvier </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parasitology </Td> <Td> Francesco Redi </Td> <Td> The founder of experimental biology and the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Protozoology </Td> <Td> Antonie van Leeuwenhoek </Td> <Td> First to produce precise , correct descriptions of protozoa . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Taxonomy </Td> <Td> Carl Linnaeus </Td> <Td> Devised the system of naming living organisms that became universally accepted in the scientific world . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Virology </Td> <Td> Dmitry Ivanovsky Martinus Beijerinck </Td> <Td> The first men to discover viruses ( 1892 ) . </Td> </Tr> </Table>
<Table> <Tr> <Th> Field </Th> <Th> Person / s considered `` father '' or `` mother '' </Th> <Th> Rationale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bacteriology </Td> <Td> Robert Koch / Ferdinand Cohn / Louis Pasteur </Td> <Td> First to produce precise , correct descriptions of bacteria . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antonie van Leeuwenhoek </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biogeography </Td> <Td> Alfred Russel Wallace </Td> <Td> `` ... Often described as the Father of Biogeography , Wallace shows the impact of human activity on the natural world . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biology </Td> <Td> Aristotle </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ecology </Td> <Td> Carl Linnaeus / Ernst Haeckel / Eugenius Warming </Td> <Td> Linnaeus founded an early branch of ecology that he called The Economy of Nature ( 1772 ) , Haeckel coined the term `` ecology '' ( German : Oekologie , Ökologie ) ( 1866 ) , Warming authored the first book on plant ecology . Plantesamfund ( 1895 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Entomology </Td> <Td> Jan Swammerdam </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Johan Christian Fabricius </Td> <Td> Fabricius described and published information on over 10,000 insects and refined Linnaeus 's system of classification . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Kirby </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ethology </Td> <Td> Nikolaas Tinbergen Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz </Td> <Td> The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Nikolaas Tinbergen , Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch , joint awardees of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Evolution </Li> <Li> Natural selection </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Charles Darwin </Td> <Td> On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genetics </Td> <Td> Gregor Mendel </Td> <Td> For his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants , which forms the basis for Mendelian inheritance . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Bateson </Td> <Td> Proponent of Mendelism . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ichthyology </Td> <Td> Peter Artedi </Td> <Td> `` Far greater than either of these ... was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology , Petrus ( Peter ) Artedi ( 1705 -- 35 ) . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lichenology </Td> <Td> Erik Acharius </Td> <Td> `` Erik Acharius , the father of lichenology ... '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Microbiology </Td> <Td> Antonie van Leeuwenhoek </Td> <Td> The first to microscopically observe micro-organisms in water and the first to see bacteria . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molecular biology </Td> <Td> Linus Pauling </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molecular biophysics </Td> <Td> Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran </Td> <Td> Founded the ( world 's first ? ) molecular biophysics unit ( 1970 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paleontology </Td> <Td> Leonardo da Vinci George Cuvier </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parasitology </Td> <Td> Francesco Redi </Td> <Td> The founder of experimental biology and the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Protozoology </Td> <Td> Antonie van Leeuwenhoek </Td> <Td> First to produce precise , correct descriptions of protozoa . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Taxonomy </Td> <Td> Carl Linnaeus </Td> <Td> Devised the system of naming living organisms that became universally accepted in the scientific world . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Virology </Td> <Td> Dmitry Ivanovsky Martinus Beijerinck </Td> <Td> The first men to discover viruses ( 1892 ) . </Td> </Tr> </Table>
who is called the ' father of modern biology '
who is called the ' father of modern biology '
Aristotle
Aristotle