<P> Antibodies bind antigens through weak chemical interactions , and bonding is essentially non-covalent . Electrostatic interactions , hydrogen bonds , van der Waals forces , and hydrophobic interactions are all known to be involved depending on the interaction sites . </P>
<P> Antibodies bind antigens through weak chemical interactions , and bonding is essentially non-covalent . Electrostatic interactions , hydrogen bonds , van der Waals forces , and hydrophobic interactions are all known to be involved depending on the interaction sites . </P>
when does the antigen affect the valence or number of bonds
when does the antigen affect the valence or number of bonds
through weak chemical interactions
through weak chemical interactions