<P> The first change seen in shock is an increased cardiac output followed by a decrease in mixed venous oxygen saturation ( SmvO2 ) as measured in the pulmonary artery via a pulmonary artery catheter . Central venous oxygen saturation ( ScvO2 ) as measured via a central line correlates well with SmvO2 and are easier to acquire . If shock progresses anaerobic metabolism will begin to occur with an increased blood lactic acid as the result . While many laboratory tests are typically performed there is no test that either makes or excludes the diagnosis . A chest X-ray or emergency department ultrasound may be useful to determine volume state . </P>
<P> The first change seen in shock is an increased cardiac output followed by a decrease in mixed venous oxygen saturation ( SmvO2 ) as measured in the pulmonary artery via a pulmonary artery catheter . Central venous oxygen saturation ( ScvO2 ) as measured via a central line correlates well with SmvO2 and are easier to acquire . If shock progresses anaerobic metabolism will begin to occur with an increased blood lactic acid as the result . While many laboratory tests are typically performed there is no test that either makes or excludes the diagnosis . A chest X-ray or emergency department ultrasound may be useful to determine volume state . </P>
what is the common end result in all shock states
what is the common end result in all shock states
increased blood lactic acid
increased blood lactic acid