<P> Research suggests that ostracism is a common reprisal strategy used by organizations in response to whistleblowing . Kipling Williams , in a survey on US whistleblowers , found that 100 % reported post-whistleblowing ostracism . Alexander Brown similarly found that post-whistleblowing ostracism is a common response , and indeed describes ostracism as form of `` covert '' reprisal , as it is normally so difficult to identify and investigate . </P>
<P> Research suggests that ostracism is a common reprisal strategy used by organizations in response to whistleblowing . Kipling Williams , in a survey on US whistleblowers , found that 100 % reported post-whistleblowing ostracism . Alexander Brown similarly found that post-whistleblowing ostracism is a common response , and indeed describes ostracism as form of `` covert '' reprisal , as it is normally so difficult to identify and investigate . </P>
ostracism is the basis for what in current american culture
ostracism is the basis for what in current american culture
whistleblowing
whistleblowing