<P> An independent nation state normally has a head of state , and determines the extent of its head 's executive powers of government or formal representational functions . In protocolary terms , the head of a sovereign , independent state is usually identified as the person who , according to that state 's constitution , is the reigning monarch , in the case of a monarchy , or the president , in the case of a republic . </P>
<P> An independent nation state normally has a head of state , and determines the extent of its head 's executive powers of government or formal representational functions . In protocolary terms , the head of a sovereign , independent state is usually identified as the person who , according to that state 's constitution , is the reigning monarch , in the case of a monarchy , or the president , in the case of a republic . </P>
in a republican state the head of the state is
in a republican state the head of the state is
the president
the president