<P> Systematic error , however , is predictable and typically constant or proportional to the true value . If the cause of the systematic error can be identified , then it usually can be eliminated . Systematic errors are caused by imperfect calibration of measurement instruments or imperfect methods of observation , or interference of the environment with the measurement process , and always affect the results of an experiment in a predictable direction . Incorrect zeroing of an instrument leading to a zero error is an example of systematic error in instrumentation . </P>
<P> Systematic error , however , is predictable and typically constant or proportional to the true value . If the cause of the systematic error can be identified , then it usually can be eliminated . Systematic errors are caused by imperfect calibration of measurement instruments or imperfect methods of observation , or interference of the environment with the measurement process , and always affect the results of an experiment in a predictable direction . Incorrect zeroing of an instrument leading to a zero error is an example of systematic error in instrumentation . </P>
errors that consistently cause measurement value to be too large or too small
errors that consistently cause measurement value to be too large or too small
Systematic errors
Systematic errors