<P> The October Manifesto , written by Sergei Witte and Alexis Obolenskii , was presented to the Tsar on 14 October ( O.S. 1 October ) . It closely followed the demands of the Zemstvo Congress in September , granting basic civil rights , allowing the formation of political parties , extending the franchise towards universal suffrage , and establishing the Duma as the central legislative body . The Tsar waited and argued for three days , but finally signed the manifesto on 30 October ( O.S. 17 October ) 1905 , citing his desire to avoid a massacre and his realisation that there was insufficient military force available to pursue alternate options . He regretted signing the document , saying that he felt `` sick with shame at this betrayal of the dynasty ... the betrayal was complete '' . </P>
<P> The October Manifesto , written by Sergei Witte and Alexis Obolenskii , was presented to the Tsar on 14 October ( O.S. 1 October ) . It closely followed the demands of the Zemstvo Congress in September , granting basic civil rights , allowing the formation of political parties , extending the franchise towards universal suffrage , and establishing the Duma as the central legislative body . The Tsar waited and argued for three days , but finally signed the manifesto on 30 October ( O.S. 17 October ) 1905 , citing his desire to avoid a massacre and his realisation that there was insufficient military force available to pursue alternate options . He regretted signing the document , saying that he felt `` sick with shame at this betrayal of the dynasty ... the betrayal was complete '' . </P>
describe the four major demands of the russian revolutionaries before the russian revolution of 1917
describe the four major demands of the russian revolutionaries before the russian revolution of 1917
granting basic civil rights allowing the formation of political parties extending the franchise towards universal suffrage establishing the Duma as the central legislative body
granting basic civil rights allowing the formation of political parties extending the franchise towards universal suffrage establishing the Duma as the central legislative body