<P> In 1492 , the Genovese born mariner , Christopher Columbus set out under the auspices of the Crown of Castile to seek an oversea route to the East Indies via the Atlantic Ocean . Rather than Asia , Columbus landed in the Bahamas , in the Caribbean . Spanish colonization followed and Europe established Western Civilization in the Americas . The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama led the first sailing expedition directly from Europe to India in 1497 - 1499 , by the Atlantic and Indian oceans , opening up the possibility of trade with the East other than via perilous overland routes like the Silk Road . Ferdinand Magellan , a Portuguese explorer working for the Spanish Crown ( under the Crown of Castile ) , led an expedition in 1519 -- 1522 which became the first to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean and the first to cross the Pacific . It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth ( although Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines ) . </P>
<P> In 1492 , the Genovese born mariner , Christopher Columbus set out under the auspices of the Crown of Castile to seek an oversea route to the East Indies via the Atlantic Ocean . Rather than Asia , Columbus landed in the Bahamas , in the Caribbean . Spanish colonization followed and Europe established Western Civilization in the Americas . The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama led the first sailing expedition directly from Europe to India in 1497 - 1499 , by the Atlantic and Indian oceans , opening up the possibility of trade with the East other than via perilous overland routes like the Silk Road . Ferdinand Magellan , a Portuguese explorer working for the Spanish Crown ( under the Crown of Castile ) , led an expedition in 1519 -- 1522 which became the first to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean and the first to cross the Pacific . It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth ( although Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines ) . </P>
from the perspective of western civilization where did organized applied marine science begin
from the perspective of western civilization where did organized applied marine science begin
1519
1519