<P> Helminths are transmitted to the final host in several ways . The most common infection is through ingestion of contaminated vegetables , drinking water , and raw or undercooked meat . Contaminated food may contain eggs of nematodes such as Ascaris , Enterobius , and Trichuris ; cestodes such as Taenia , Hymenolepis , and Echinococcus ; and treamtodes such as Fasciola . Raw or undercooked meats are the major sources of Taenia ( pork , beef and venison ) , Trichinella ( pork and bear ) , Diphyllobothrium ( fish ) , Clonorchis ( fish ) , and Paragonimus ( crustaceans ) . Schistosomes and nematodes such as hookworms ( Ancylostoma and Necator ) and Strongyloides can penetrate the skin directly . Finally , Wuchereria , Onchocerca , and Dracunculus are transmitted by mosquitoes and flies . In the developing world , the use of contaminated water is a major risk factor for infection . Infection can also take place through the practice of geophagy , which is not uncommon in parts of sub-Saharan Africa . Soil is eaten , for example , by children or pregnant women to counteract a real or perceived deficiency of minerals in their diet . </P>
<P> Helminths are transmitted to the final host in several ways . The most common infection is through ingestion of contaminated vegetables , drinking water , and raw or undercooked meat . Contaminated food may contain eggs of nematodes such as Ascaris , Enterobius , and Trichuris ; cestodes such as Taenia , Hymenolepis , and Echinococcus ; and treamtodes such as Fasciola . Raw or undercooked meats are the major sources of Taenia ( pork , beef and venison ) , Trichinella ( pork and bear ) , Diphyllobothrium ( fish ) , Clonorchis ( fish ) , and Paragonimus ( crustaceans ) . Schistosomes and nematodes such as hookworms ( Ancylostoma and Necator ) and Strongyloides can penetrate the skin directly . Finally , Wuchereria , Onchocerca , and Dracunculus are transmitted by mosquitoes and flies . In the developing world , the use of contaminated water is a major risk factor for infection . Infection can also take place through the practice of geophagy , which is not uncommon in parts of sub-Saharan Africa . Soil is eaten , for example , by children or pregnant women to counteract a real or perceived deficiency of minerals in their diet . </P>
which are the most frequent cause of helminth infections in the united states
which are the most frequent cause of helminth infections in the united states
ingestion of contaminated vegetables , drinking water , and raw or undercooked meat
ingestion of contaminated vegetables , drinking water , and raw or undercooked meat