<P> The Tenth Amendment is similar to an earlier provision of the Articles of Confederation : `` Each state retains its sovereignty , freedom , and independence , and every power , jurisdiction , and right , which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States , in Congress assembled . '' After the Constitution was ratified , South Carolina Representative Thomas Tudor Tucker and Massachusetts Representative Elbridge Gerry separately proposed similar amendments limiting the federal government to powers `` expressly '' delegated , which would have denied implied powers . James Madison opposed the amendments , stating that `` it was impossible to confine a Government to the exercise of express powers ; there must necessarily be admitted powers by implication , unless the Constitution descended to recount every minutia . '' When a vote on this version of the amendment with `` expressly delegated '' was defeated , Connecticut Representative Roger Sherman drafted the Tenth Amendment in its ratified form , omitting `` expressly . '' Sherman 's language allowed for an expansive reading of the powers implied by the Necessary and Proper Clause . </P>
<P> The Tenth Amendment is similar to an earlier provision of the Articles of Confederation : `` Each state retains its sovereignty , freedom , and independence , and every power , jurisdiction , and right , which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States , in Congress assembled . '' After the Constitution was ratified , South Carolina Representative Thomas Tudor Tucker and Massachusetts Representative Elbridge Gerry separately proposed similar amendments limiting the federal government to powers `` expressly '' delegated , which would have denied implied powers . James Madison opposed the amendments , stating that `` it was impossible to confine a Government to the exercise of express powers ; there must necessarily be admitted powers by implication , unless the Constitution descended to recount every minutia . '' When a vote on this version of the amendment with `` expressly delegated '' was defeated , Connecticut Representative Roger Sherman drafted the Tenth Amendment in its ratified form , omitting `` expressly . '' Sherman 's language allowed for an expansive reading of the powers implied by the Necessary and Proper Clause . </P>
powers not given to the federal government by the constitution are called
powers not given to the federal government by the constitution are called
implied powers
implied powers