<P> The eventual disillusionment of those who migrated to the North and frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for the back - to - Africa movement of the 1920s , established by Marcus Garvey although there were earlier attempts at resettlement such as that by Chief Alfred Sam in 1913 - 15 . Those who migrated to the Northern States from the South found that , although they were financially better off , they remained at the bottom both economically and socially . </P>
<P> The eventual disillusionment of those who migrated to the North and frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for the back - to - Africa movement of the 1920s , established by Marcus Garvey although there were earlier attempts at resettlement such as that by Chief Alfred Sam in 1913 - 15 . Those who migrated to the Northern States from the South found that , although they were financially better off , they remained at the bottom both economically and socially . </P>
which african american led the back to africa movement during the early 20th century
which african american led the back to africa movement during the early 20th century
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey