<Table> <Tr> <Th> Field </Th> <Th> Person / s considered `` father '' or `` mother '' </Th> <Th> Rationale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anatomy ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Marcello Malpighi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Audiology </Td> <Td> Raymond Carhart </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` ... the Father of Audiology himself , Raymond Carhart at Northwestern University ... '' </Li> <Li> `` Carhart notch : A decrease in the bone - conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after the father of audiology , Raymond Carhart . '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biophysics </Td> <Td> Hermann von Helmholtz </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biomechanics </Td> <Td> Christian Wilhelm Braune </Td> <Td> First to describe the methodology of human gait walking . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bioelectromagnetics </Td> <Td> Luigi Galvani </Td> <Td> First to discover animal electricity through a series of experiments . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cognitive therapy </Td> <Td> Aaron T. Beck </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` In developing ways to do this , Beck became the father of cognitive therapy , one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years . '' </Li> <Li> The Prospect of Immortality ( 1962 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cryonics </Td> <Td> Robert Ettinger </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dentistry ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Pierre Fauchard </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Electrophysiology </Td> <Td> Emil du Bois - Reymond </Td> <Td> The discoverer of nerve action potential . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Emergency medicine </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Safar </Li> <Li> Frank Pantridge </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Safar pioneered CPR , intensive - care units and developed standards for EMT , ambulance design and equipment . </Li> <Li> Pantridge : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Epidemiology ( modern ) </Td> <Td> John Snow </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fitness </Td> <Td> Jack LaLanne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gynaecology </Td> <Td> J. Marion Sims </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Histology </Td> <Td> Marcello Malpighi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Human anatomy ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Vesalius </Td> <Td> De humani corporis fabrica ( 1543 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medical genetics </Td> <Td> Victor McKusick </Td> <Td> Mendelian Inheritance in Man </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medicine ( early ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Imhotep </Li> <Li> Charaka </Li> <Li> Hippocrates </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> None . </Li> <Li> Wrote the Charaka Samhitā and founded the Ayurveda system of medicine . </Li> <Li> Prescribed professional practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Oath . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medicine ( modern ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sir William Osler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neurosurgery </Td> <Td> Harvey Cushing </Td> <Td> Developed techniques that considerably reduced the risks involved with brain surgery in the early 20th Century . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neuroscience </Td> <Td> Santiago Ramón y Cajal </Td> <Td> Comprehensive work on structure of the brain . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nursing ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Florence Nightingale </Td> <Td> See Nursing # History . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nutrition ( modern ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Justus von Liebig </Li> <Li> Antoine - Laurent Lavoisier </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Justus Von Liebig , the ' father of modern nutrition ' , developed the perfect infant food . It consisted of ( ... ) '' </Li> <Li> `` In addition to being known as the Father of Modern Chemistry , Lavoisier is also considered the Father of Modern Nutrition , as the first to discover the metabolism that occurs inside the human body ... '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organ transplantation </Td> <Td> Thomas Starzl </Td> <Td> Performed the first human liver transplant and established the clinical utility of anti-rejection drugs including ciclosporin . Developed major advances in organ preservation , procurement and transplantation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Orthopedic surgery ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Hugh Owen Thomas </Td> <Td> He stressed the importance of rest in treatment and was responsible for many landmark contributions to orthopaedic surgery . He was especially celebrated for his design and use of splints ; the famous Thomas knee splint was still in wide use at the end of World War II . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pathology ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Rudolf Virchow </Td> <Td> Founded modern Pathology and Social Medicine and published Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre which is regarded as the basis of modern medical science . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Psychology ( experimental ) </Td> <Td> Wilhelm Wundt </Td> <Td> Founded the first laboratory for psychological research . </Td>
<Table> <Tr> <Th> Field </Th> <Th> Person / s considered `` father '' or `` mother '' </Th> <Th> Rationale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anatomy ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Marcello Malpighi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Audiology </Td> <Td> Raymond Carhart </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` ... the Father of Audiology himself , Raymond Carhart at Northwestern University ... '' </Li> <Li> `` Carhart notch : A decrease in the bone - conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after the father of audiology , Raymond Carhart . '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biophysics </Td> <Td> Hermann von Helmholtz </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biomechanics </Td> <Td> Christian Wilhelm Braune </Td> <Td> First to describe the methodology of human gait walking . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bioelectromagnetics </Td> <Td> Luigi Galvani </Td> <Td> First to discover animal electricity through a series of experiments . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cognitive therapy </Td> <Td> Aaron T. Beck </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` In developing ways to do this , Beck became the father of cognitive therapy , one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years . '' </Li> <Li> The Prospect of Immortality ( 1962 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cryonics </Td> <Td> Robert Ettinger </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dentistry ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Pierre Fauchard </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Electrophysiology </Td> <Td> Emil du Bois - Reymond </Td> <Td> The discoverer of nerve action potential . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Emergency medicine </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Safar </Li> <Li> Frank Pantridge </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Safar pioneered CPR , intensive - care units and developed standards for EMT , ambulance design and equipment . </Li> <Li> Pantridge : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Epidemiology ( modern ) </Td> <Td> John Snow </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fitness </Td> <Td> Jack LaLanne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gynaecology </Td> <Td> J. Marion Sims </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Histology </Td> <Td> Marcello Malpighi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Human anatomy ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Vesalius </Td> <Td> De humani corporis fabrica ( 1543 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medical genetics </Td> <Td> Victor McKusick </Td> <Td> Mendelian Inheritance in Man </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medicine ( early ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Imhotep </Li> <Li> Charaka </Li> <Li> Hippocrates </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> None . </Li> <Li> Wrote the Charaka Samhitā and founded the Ayurveda system of medicine . </Li> <Li> Prescribed professional practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Oath . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medicine ( modern ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sir William Osler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neurosurgery </Td> <Td> Harvey Cushing </Td> <Td> Developed techniques that considerably reduced the risks involved with brain surgery in the early 20th Century . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neuroscience </Td> <Td> Santiago Ramón y Cajal </Td> <Td> Comprehensive work on structure of the brain . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nursing ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Florence Nightingale </Td> <Td> See Nursing # History . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nutrition ( modern ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Justus von Liebig </Li> <Li> Antoine - Laurent Lavoisier </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Justus Von Liebig , the ' father of modern nutrition ' , developed the perfect infant food . It consisted of ( ... ) '' </Li> <Li> `` In addition to being known as the Father of Modern Chemistry , Lavoisier is also considered the Father of Modern Nutrition , as the first to discover the metabolism that occurs inside the human body ... '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organ transplantation </Td> <Td> Thomas Starzl </Td> <Td> Performed the first human liver transplant and established the clinical utility of anti-rejection drugs including ciclosporin . Developed major advances in organ preservation , procurement and transplantation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Orthopedic surgery ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Hugh Owen Thomas </Td> <Td> He stressed the importance of rest in treatment and was responsible for many landmark contributions to orthopaedic surgery . He was especially celebrated for his design and use of splints ; the famous Thomas knee splint was still in wide use at the end of World War II . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pathology ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Rudolf Virchow </Td> <Td> Founded modern Pathology and Social Medicine and published Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre which is regarded as the basis of modern medical science . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Psychology ( experimental ) </Td> <Td> Wilhelm Wundt </Td> <Td> Founded the first laboratory for psychological research . </Td>
who is called the father of modern medicine
who is called the father of modern medicine
Sir William Osler
Sir William Osler