<P> The end of the Vedic period witnessed the rise of large , urbanised states as well as shramana movements ( including Jainism and Buddhism ) which challenged the Vedic orthodoxy . Around the beginning of the Common Era , the Vedic tradition formed one of the main constituents of the so - called `` Hindu synthesis '' . </P>
<P> The end of the Vedic period witnessed the rise of large , urbanised states as well as shramana movements ( including Jainism and Buddhism ) which challenged the Vedic orthodoxy . Around the beginning of the Common Era , the Vedic tradition formed one of the main constituents of the so - called `` Hindu synthesis '' . </P>
the vedic period in india is marked by the development of
the vedic period in india is marked by the development of
large , urbanised states
large , urbanised states