<P> In many cases universities petitioned secular power for privileges and this became a model . Emperor Frederick I in Authentica Habita ( 1158 ) gave the first privileges to students in Bologna . Another step was when Pope Alexander III in 1179 `` forbidding masters of the church schools to take fees for granting the license to teach ( licentia docendi ) , and obliging them to give license to properly qualified teachers '' . Hastings Rashdall considered that the integrity of a university was only preserved in such an internally regulated corporation , which protected the scholars from external intervention . This independently evolving organization was absent in the universities of southern Italy and Spain , which served the bureaucratic needs of monarchs and which Rashdall considered to be their artificial creations . </P>
<P> In many cases universities petitioned secular power for privileges and this became a model . Emperor Frederick I in Authentica Habita ( 1158 ) gave the first privileges to students in Bologna . Another step was when Pope Alexander III in 1179 `` forbidding masters of the church schools to take fees for granting the license to teach ( licentia docendi ) , and obliging them to give license to properly qualified teachers '' . Hastings Rashdall considered that the integrity of a university was only preserved in such an internally regulated corporation , which protected the scholars from external intervention . This independently evolving organization was absent in the universities of southern Italy and Spain , which served the bureaucratic needs of monarchs and which Rashdall considered to be their artificial creations . </P>
who played the biggest role in creating the first universities in europe
who played the biggest role in creating the first universities in europe
Emperor Frederick I Pope Alexander III
Emperor Frederick I Pope Alexander III