<P> Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States . Enacted by white Democratic - dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period , these laws continued to be enforced until 1965 . They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America , starting in 1896 with a `` separate but equal '' status for African Americans in railroad cars . Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War . This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation , including segregated cars on interstate trains and , later , buses . Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to white Americans ; sometimes they did not exist at all . This body of law institutionalized a number of economic , educational , and social disadvantages . Segregation by law existed mainly in the Southern states , while Northern segregation was generally a matter of fact -- patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants , bank lending practices , and job discrimination , including discriminatory labor union practices . `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression referring to a minstrel song called `` Jump Jim Crow '' by a performer appearing in blackface . </P>
<P> Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States . Enacted by white Democratic - dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period , these laws continued to be enforced until 1965 . They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America , starting in 1896 with a `` separate but equal '' status for African Americans in railroad cars . Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War . This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation , including segregated cars on interstate trains and , later , buses . Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to white Americans ; sometimes they did not exist at all . This body of law institutionalized a number of economic , educational , and social disadvantages . Segregation by law existed mainly in the Southern states , while Northern segregation was generally a matter of fact -- patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants , bank lending practices , and job discrimination , including discriminatory labor union practices . `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression referring to a minstrel song called `` Jump Jim Crow '' by a performer appearing in blackface . </P>
when did the jim crow law began and end
when did the jim crow law began and end
the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period 1965
the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period 1965