La tabella seguente mostra le vocali (moderne) in uso dal diciannovesimo secolo:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%"
|-
|+ '''Vocali bengalesi<br/>([[স্বরবর্ণ]] ''sbôrôbôrnô'')'''
|-
!
!colspan=3|
!''কার''<br/>(vocale)
!colspan=3|
!''কার''<br/>(vocale) 
|-
!''[[কণ্ঠ্য]]''<br />(Gutturale)
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[অ]]
| ''ô''<br />/ɔ~o/
| "স্বর অ"<br/>''shôrô ô''<br>"vocale ô"
| -
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[আ]]
| ''a''<br />/a/
| "স্বর আ"<br/>''shôrô a''
| া
|-
! colspan=9 style="background:#ccc;" | 
|-
!
! colspan=4 style="background:#ccc;" | ''[[হ্রস্ব]]'' (corta)
! colspan=4 style="background:#ccc;" | ''[[দীর্ঘ]]'' (lunga)
|-
!''[[তালব্য]]''<br />(Palatale)
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ই]]
| ''i''<br/>/i/
| 
| ি
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঈ]]
| ''ī/ee''<br />/i/
| 
| ী
|-
!''[[ওষ্ঠ্য]]''<br />(Labiale)
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[উ]]
| ''u''<br />/u/
| 
| ু
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঊ]]
| ''ū/oo''<br />/u/
| 
| ূ
|-
!''[[মূর্ধন্য]]''<br />(Retroflessa)
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঋ]]
| ''ṛ/ri''<br />/ṛi/
| 
| ৃ
| style="background:#ccb; font-size:24px; color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"|ৠ 
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE9"|''ṝ/rri''<br />/ṛṛi/
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE9"|
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE9"| ৄ
|-
!''[[দন্ত্য]]''<br />(Dentale)
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px; color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"|ঌ
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"|''ḷ/li''<br />/ḷi/
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"|
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"| ৢ
| style="background:#ccb; font-size:24px; color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"|ৡ 
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE9"|''ḹ/lli''<br />/ḷḷi/
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE9"|
| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE9"| ৣ
|-
! colspan=9 style="background:#ccc;" | [[সংযুক্ত স্বর]] (vocali complesse)
|-
!''কন্ঠ্যতালব্য''<br/>(Palatogutturale)
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[এ]]
| ''e''<br/>/e~ɛ/
| "স্বর এ"<br/>''shôrô e''
| ে
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঐ]]
| ''ôi''<br/>/oi/
| "স্বর ঐ"<br/>''shôrô ôi''
| ৈ
|-
!''কন্ঠৌষ্ঠ্য''<br/>(Labiogutturale)
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ও]]
| ''o''<br/>/o~ʊ/
| "স্বর ও"<br/>''shôrô o''
| ো
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঔ]]
| ''ôu''<br/>/ou/
| "স্বর ঔ"<br/>''shôrô ôu''
| ৌ
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonanti bengalesi<br />
([[ব্যঞ্জনবর্ণ]] ''bænjônbôrnô'')
|-
! rowspan=2 style="width:10em;"|
! colspan=8 | ''[[স্পর্শ]]''<br />([[occlusiva]])
! colspan=2 | ''[[অনুনাসিক]]''<br />([[nasale]])
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ''[[অন্তঃস্থ]]''<br />([[approssimante]])
! colspan=4 rowspan=2 | ''[[ঊষ্ম]]''<br />([[fricativa]])
|-
| colspan=10 style="background:#ccc;" | ''[[বর্গীয় বর্ণ]]'' (Suoni generici)
|-
! [[sonorizzazione]] →
| colspan="4"| ''[[অঘোষ]]'' ([[sorda]])
| colspan="8"| ''[[ঘোষ]]'' ([[sonora]])
| colspan="2"| ''[[অঘোষ]]'' ([[sorda]])
| colspan="2"| ''[[ঘোষ]]'' ([[sonora]])
|-
! [[aspirazione]] →
| colspan=2 | ''[[অল্পপ্রাণ]]'' (Non aspirata)
| colspan=2 | ''[[মহাপ্রাণ]]'' (Aspirata)
| colspan=2 | ''[[অল্পপ্রাণ]]'' (Non aspirata)
| colspan=2 | ''[[মহাপ্রাণ]]'' (Aspirata)
| colspan=6 | ''[[অল্পপ্রাণ]]'' (Non aspirata)
| colspan=2 | ''[[মহাপ্রাণ]]'' (Aspirata)
|-
!''[[কন্ঠ্য]]''<br />([[gutturale]])
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ক]]||''k''<br/>/k/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[খ]]||''kh''<br/>/kʰ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[গ]]||''g''<br/>/g/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঘ]]||''gh''<br/>/ɡʱ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঙ]]||''ng''<br/>/ŋ/
| colspan=4 |
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[হ]]||''h''<br />/ɦ~h/
|-
!''[[তালব্য]]''<br />([[palatale]])
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[চ]]||''ch/s''<br />/tʃ~ts~s/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ছ]]||''chh/ss''<br />/tʃʰ~tsʰ~s/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[জ]]||''ǰ''<br />/dʒ~dʑ~z/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঝ]]||''ǰh''<br />/dʒʱ~dʑʱ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঞ]]||''ñ''<br />/n~ĩ/ 
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[য]]||''j''<br />/dʒ~dz/
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[শ]]||''sh''<br>/ʃ~ɕ/
|-
!''[[মূর্ধন্য]]''<br />([[retroflessa]])
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ট]]||''ṭ''<br>/t̠/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঠ]]||''ṭh''<br>/t̠ʰ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ড]]||''ḍ''<br>/d̠/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ঢ]]||''ḍh''<br>/d̠ʱ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ণ]]||''ṇ''<br>/n/
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[র]]||''r''<br />/r/
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[ষ]]||''ṣ''<br />/ɕ~ʃ/
|-
!''[[দন্ত্য]]''<br />([[dentale]])
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ত]]||''t''<br>/t̪/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[থ]]||''th''<br>/t̪ʰ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[দ]]||''d''<br>/d̪/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ধ]]||''dh''<br>/d̪ʱ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ন]]||''n''<br>/n/

| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[ল]]||''l''<br>/l/
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[স]]||''s/sh''<br>/s~ɕ~ʃ/
|-
!''[[ওষ্ঠ্য]]''<br />([[labiale]])
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[প]]||''p''<br>/p/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ফ]]||''ph/f''<br>/pʰ~ɸ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ব]]||''b''<br>/b/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ভ]]||''bh''<br>/bʱ/
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|[[ম]]||''m''<br>/m/

| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px; color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"|[[ব]]|| style="color:#808080" bgcolor="#EEEFE4"| ''β''<br>/b/
| colspan="2"|
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width:10em;"| lettere Post-riforma
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[ড়]]||''ṛ''<br>/ɽ/
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[ঢ়]]||''ṛh''<br>/ɽʱ/
| style="background:#ccf; font-size:24px;"|[[য়]]||''y''<br>/e̯/
|}