what the marginal rate of transformation mrt can tell you
the marginal rate of transformation mrt allows economists to analyze the opportunity costs to produce one extra unit of something in this case the opportunity cost is represented in the lost production of another specific good the marginal rate of transformation is tied to the production possibility frontier ppf which displays the output potential for two goods using the same resources mrt is the absolute value of the slope of the production possibility frontier for each point on the frontier which is displayed as a curved line there is a different marginal rate of transformation this rate is based on the economics of producing the two goods it is possible to calculate the mrt for a variety of different goods but the rates will differ depending on the goods compared it follows that the mrt of x with respect to y will usually be different from the mrt of x with respect to z producing more of one good means making less of the other because the resources are efficiently allocated at points on the production possibility frontier in other words resources used to produce one good are diverted from other goods which means less of the other goods will be created this tradeoff is measured by the marginal rate of transformation mrt generally speaking the opportunity cost rises as does the mrt s absolute value as one moves along down the ppf as more of one good is produced the opportunity cost in units of the other good increases this phenomenon is similar to the law of diminishing returns example of how to use the marginal rate of transformation mrt the mrt is the rate at which a small amount of y can be foregone for a small amount of x the rate is the opportunity cost of a unit of each good in terms of another as the number of units of x relative to y changes the rate of transformation may also change for perfect substitute goods the mrt will equal one and remain constant as an example if baking one less cake frees up enough resources to bake three more loaves of bread the rate of transformation is 3 to 1 at the margin or consider that it costs 3 to make a cake meanwhile 1 can be saved by not making a loaf of bread thus the mrt is 3 or 3 divided by 1 as another example consider a student who faces a tradeoff that involves giving up some free time to get better grades in a particular class by studying more the mrt is the rate at which the student s grade increases as free time is given up for studying which is given by the absolute value of the slope of the production possibility frontier curve the difference between the mrt and the marginal rate of substitution mrs while the marginal rate of transformation mrt is similar to the marginal rate of substitution mrs these two concepts are not the same the marginal rate of substitution focuses on demand while mrt focuses on supply the marginal rate of substitution highlights how many units of y would be considered by a given consumer group to be compensation for one less unit of x for example a consumer who prefers oranges to apples may only find equal satisfaction if she receives three apples instead of one orange limitations of using the marginal rate of transformation mrt the marginal rate of transformation mrt is generally not constant and may need to be recalculated frequently furthermore goods will not be distributed efficiently if mrt doesn t equal mrs 