what is the difference between an etf and an index fund 
an etf can be bought and sold on an exchange like a stock at any point whereas an index fund can only be traded at the end of the day at the set price point etfs provide greater flexibility than index funds the bottom linejohn bogle is a titan in the history of investment management by starting the vanguard group one of the largest investment management firms in the world through vanguard he popularized passive investing making it easier for average investors to invest their capital and generate returns with low risks 