how long do supply shocks last 
supply shocks can be either temporary such as those caused by the global financial crisis of 2009 or permanent such as the introduction of fracking technology which resulted in the u s becoming a net energy exporter in 2019 the first time this had happened since 1952 according to the world bank in 2020 permanent shocks accounted for 47 of price variability with temporary ones mounting up to 53 9