what is the great leap forward 
the great leap forward was a five year plan of forced agricultural collectivization and rural industrialization that was instituted by the chinese communist party in 1958 which resulted in a sharp contraction in the chinese economy and between 30 to 45 million deaths by starvation execution torture forced labor and suicide out of desperation it was the largest single non wartime campaign of mass killing in human history 12the initiative was led by mao zedong also known as mao tse tung and chair mao mao s official goal was to rapidly evolve china from an agrarian economy into a modern industrial society with a greater ability to compete with western industrialized nations 3understanding the great leap forwardin 1958 mao announced his plan for the great leap forward which he laid out as a five year plan to improve the economic prosperity of the people s republic of china he devised the plan after touring china and concluding that he felt the chinese people were capable of anything overall the plan was centered around two primary goals collectivizing agriculture and widespread industrialization with two main targets increasing grain and steel production private plot farming was abolished and rural farmers were forced to work on collective farms where all production resource allocation and food distribution was centrally controlled by the communist party large scale irrigation projects with little input from trained engineers were initiated and experimental unproven new agricultural techniques were quickly introduced around the country these innovations resulted in declining crop yields from failed experiments and improperly constructed water projects a nationwide campaign to exterminate sparrows which mao believed incorrectly were a major pest on grain crops resulted in massive locust swarms in the absence of natural predation by the sparrows grain production fell sharply and hundreds of thousands died from forced labor and exposure to the elements on irrigation construction projects and communal farming famine quickly set in across the countryside resulting in millions more deaths 1 people resorted to eating tree bark and dirt and in some areas to cannibalism farmers who failed to meet grain quotas tried to get more food or attempted to escape were tortured and killed along with their family members via beating public mutilation being buried alive scalding with boiling water and other methods 4large scale state projects to increase industrial production were introduced in urban areas and backyard steel furnaces were built on farms and in urban neighborhoods steel production was targeted to double in the first year of the great leap forward and mao forecast that chinese industrial output would exceed britain s within 15 years the backyard steel industry produced largely useless low quality pig iron existing metal equipment tools and household goods were confiscated and melted down to fuel additional production 5due to the failures in planning and coordination and resulting materials shortages which are common to central economic planning the massive increase in industrial investment and reallocation of resources resulted in no corresponding increase in manufacturing output millions of surplus laborers were moved from farms to steel making most were men breaking up families and leaving the forced agricultural labor force for the collective farms consisting of mostly women children and older adults the increase in urban populations placed additional strain on the food distribution system and demand on collective farms to increase grain production for urban consumption collective farm officials falsified harvest figures resulting in much of what grain was produced being shipped to the cities as requisitions were based on the official figures 6throughout the great leap forward while millions starved to death china remained a net exporter of grain as mao directed grain exports and refused offers of international food relief in order to convince the rest of the world that his plans were a success 6the impact of the great leap forwardthe great leap forward ended up being a massive failure tens of millions died by starvation exposure overwork and execution in just a few years it broke families apart sending men women and children to different locations and destroyed traditional communities and ways of life farmland was damaged by nonsensical agricultural practices and the landscape denuded of trees to fuel the steel furnaces thirty to forty percent of the housing stock was demolished to obtain raw materials for collective projects 4 in industry massive quantities of capital goods and raw materials were consumed in projects that yielded no additional output of final goods the great leap forward was officially halted in jan 1961 after three brutal years of death and destruction 1