what is a common size financial statement 
a common size financial statement displays items as a percentage of a common base figure total sales revenue for example this type of financial statement allows for easy analysis between companies or between periods for the same company however if the companies use different accounting methods any comparison may not be accurate investopedia paige mclaughlinunderstanding common size financial statementswhile most firms do not report their statements in common size format it is beneficial for analysts to do so to compare two or more companies of differing size or different sectors of the economy formatting financial statements in this way reduces bias that can occur and allows for the analysis of a company over various periods this analysis reveals for example what percentage of sales is the cost of goods sold and how that value has changed over time common size financial statements commonly include the income statement balance sheet and cash flow statement common size financial statements reduce all figures to a comparable figure such as a percentage of sales or assets each financial statement uses a slightly different convention in standardizing figures common size financial statements make it easier to determine what drives a company s profits and to compare the company to similar businesses the balance sheet provides a snapshot overview of the firm s assets liabilities and shareholders equity for the reporting period a common size balance sheet is set up with the same logic as the common size income statement the balance sheet equation is assets equals liabilities plus stockholders equity the balance sheet thus represents a percentage of assets another version of the common size balance sheet shows asset line items as a percentage of total assets liabilities as a percentage of total liabilities and stockholders equity as a percentage of total stockholders equity the cash flow statement provides an overview of the firm s sources and uses of cash the cash flow statement is divided among cash flows from operations cash flows from investing and cash flows from financing each section provides additional information about the sources and uses of cash in each business activity one version of the common size cash flow statement expresses all line items as a percentage of total cash flow the more popular version expresses cash flow in terms of total operational cash flow for items in cash flows from operations total investing cash flows for cash flows from investing activities and total financing cash flows for cash flows from financing activities the income statement also referred to as the profit and loss p l statement provides an overview of flows of sales expenses and net income during the reporting period the income statement equation is sales minus expenses and adjustments equals net income this is why the common size income statement defines all items as a percentage of sales the term common size is most often used when analyzing elements of the income statement but the balance sheet and the cash flow statement can also be expressed as a common size statement real world example of a common size income statementfor example if a company has a simple income statement with gross sales of 100 000 cost of goods sold of 50 000 taxes of 1 000 and net income of 49 000 the common size statement would read as follows 