context: //
  // System.IntPtr.cs
  //
  // Author:
  //   Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
  //
  // Maintainer:
  //	 Michael Lambert, michaellambert@email.com
  //
  // (C) Ximian, Inc.  http://www.ximian.com
  //
  // Remarks:
  //   Requires '/unsafe' compiler option.  This class uses void*,
  //   in overloaded constructors, conversion, and cast members in 
  //   the public interface.  Using pointers is not valid CLS and 
  //   the methods in question have been marked with  the 
  //   CLSCompliant attribute that avoid compiler warnings.
  //
  // FIXME: How do you specify a native int in C#?  I am going to have to do some figuring out
  //
  
  //
  // Copyright (C) 2004 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
  //
  // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
  // a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
  // "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
  // without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
  // distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
  // permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
  // the following conditions:
  // 
  // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
  // included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  // 
  // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  // EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
  // MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
  // NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
  // LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
  // OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  // WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  //
  
  using System.Globalization;
  using System.Runtime.Serialization;
  using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution;
  using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
  
  namespace System
  {
  	[Serializable]
  	[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible (true)]
  	public unsafe struct IntPtr : ISerializable
  	{
  		private void *m_value;
  
  		public static readonly IntPtr Zero;
  
  		[ReliabilityContract (Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
  		public IntPtr (int value)
  		{
  			m_value = (void *) value;
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContract (Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
  		public IntPtr (long value)
  		{
  			/* FIXME: Needs to figure the exact check which works on all architectures */
  			/*
  			if (((value >> 32 > 0) || (value < 0)) && (IntPtr.Size < 8)) {
  				throw new OverflowException (
  					Locale.GetText ("This isn't a 64bits machine."));
  			}
  			*/
  
  			m_value = (void *) value;
  		}
  
  		[CLSCompliant (false)]
  		[ReliabilityContract (Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
  		unsafe public IntPtr (void *value)
  		{
  			m_value = value;
  		}
  
  		private IntPtr (SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
  		{
  			long savedValue = info.GetInt64 ("value");
  			m_value = (void *) savedValue;
  		}
  
  		public static int Size {
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
  			get {
  				return sizeof (void *);
  			}
  		}
  
  		void ISerializable.GetObjectData (SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
  		{
  			if (info == null)
  				throw new ArgumentNullException ("info");
  
  			info.AddValue ("value", ToInt64 ());
  		}
  
  		public override bool Equals (object obj)
  		{
  			if (!(obj is System.IntPtr))
  				return false;
  
  			return ((IntPtr) obj).m_value == m_value;
  		}
  
  		public override int GetHashCode ()
  		{
  			return (int) m_value;
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
  		public int ToInt32 ()
  		{
  			return (int) m_value;
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
  		public long ToInt64 ()
  		{
  			// pointer to long conversion is done using conv.u8 by the compiler
  			if (Size == 4)
  				return (long)(int)m_value;
  			else
  				return (long)m_value;
  		}
  
  		[CLSCompliant (false)]
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
  		unsafe public void *ToPointer ()
  		{
  			return m_value;
  		}
  
  		override public string ToString ()
  		{
  			return ToString (null);
  		}
  
  		public string ToString (string format)
  		{
  			if (Size == 4)
  				return ((int) m_value).ToString (format, null);
  			else
  				return ((long) m_value).ToString (format, null);
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
  		public static bool operator == (IntPtr value1, IntPtr value2)
  		{
  			return (value1.m_value == value2.m_value);
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
  		public static bool operator != (IntPtr value1, IntPtr value2)
  		{
  			return (value1.m_value != value2.m_value);
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
  		public static explicit operator IntPtr (int value)
  		{
  			return new IntPtr (value);
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
  		public static explicit operator IntPtr (long value)
  		{
  			return new IntPtr (value);
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContractAttribute (Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
  		[CLSCompliant (false)]
  		unsafe public static explicit operator IntPtr (void *value)
  		{
  			return new IntPtr (value);
  		}
  
  		public static explicit operator int (IntPtr value)
  		{
  			return (int) value.m_value;
  		}
  
  		public static explicit operator long (IntPtr value)
  		{
  			return value.ToInt64 ();
  		}
  
  		[CLSCompliant (false)]
  		unsafe public static explicit operator void * (IntPtr value)
  		{
  			return value.m_value;
  		}
  
  		[ReliabilityContract (Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
  		public static IntPtr Add (IntPtr pointer, int offset)
  		{
  
gt: 			return (IntPtr) (unchecked (((byte *) pointer) + offset));