def read(*parts):
    """
    Build an absolute path from *parts* and and return the contents of the
    resulting file.  Assume UTF-8 encoding.
    """
    with codecs.open(os.path.join(HERE, *parts), "rb", "utf-8") as f:
        return f.read()
def commit(self):
        context = self.pop()
        if self:
            # savepoint
            self[-1]['cbs'].extend(context['cbs'])
            self[-1]['dirty'] = self[-1]['dirty'] or context['dirty']
        else:
            # transaction
            for func, args, kwargs in context['cbs']:
                func(*args, **kwargs)