def read(*parts):
    """
    Build an absolute path from *parts* and and return the contents of the
    resulting file.  Assume UTF-8 encoding.
    """
    with codecs.open(os.path.join(HERE, *parts), "rb", "utf-8") as f:
        return f.read()
def _checkProvenance(self, resp, item, version, user, eventType,
                         matches=None, fileInfo=None, resource='item'):
        if resp is None:
            resp = self._getProvenance(item, user, resource=resource)
        self.assertStatusOk(resp)
        itemProvenance = resp.json
        self.assertEqual(itemProvenance['resourceId'], str(item['_id']))
        provenance = itemProvenance['provenance']
        self.assertEqual(provenance['eventType'], eventType)
        self.assertEqual(provenance['version'], version)
        self.assertEqual(str(provenance['eventUser']), str(user['_id']))
        if matches:
            for key in matches:
                self.assertEqual(provenance[key], matches[key])
        if fileInfo:
            for key in fileInfo:
                if isinstance(fileInfo[key], dict):
                    for subkey in fileInfo[key]:
                        self.assertEqual(provenance['file'][0][key][subkey],
                                         fileInfo[key][subkey])
                else:
                    self.assertEqual(provenance['file'][0][key], fileInfo[key])