def test_view_of_view(matrix_type, subset_func, subset_func2):
    adata = gen_adata((30, 15), X_type=matrix_type)
    adata.raw = adata
    if subset_func is single_subset:
        pytest.xfail("Other subset generating functions have trouble with this")
    var_s1 = subset_func(adata.var_names, min_size=4)
    var_view1 = adata[:, var_s1]
    var_s2 = subset_func2(var_view1.var_names)
    var_view2 = var_view1[:, var_s2]
    assert var_view2._adata_ref is adata
    obs_s1 = subset_func(adata.obs_names, min_size=4)
    obs_view1 = adata[obs_s1, :]
    obs_s2 = subset_func2(obs_view1.obs_names)
    assert adata[obs_s1, :][:, var_s1][obs_s2, :]._adata_ref is adata

    view_of_actual_copy = adata[:, var_s1].copy()[obs_s1, :].copy()[:, var_s2].copy()

    view_of_view_copy = adata[:, var_s1][obs_s1, :][:, var_s2].copy()

    assert_equal(view_of_actual_copy, view_of_view_copy, exact=True)
def log_exception(cls, msg):
        """Try to log an error message to this process's error log and the shared error log.

        NB: Doesn't raise (logs an error instead).
        """
        pid = os.getpid()
        fatal_error_log_entry = cls._format_exception_message(msg, pid)

        # We care more about this log than the shared log, so write to it first.
        try:
            cls._try_write_with_flush(cls._pid_specific_error_fileobj, fatal_error_log_entry)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(
                "Error logging the message '{}' to the pid-specific file handle for {} at pid {}:\n{}".format(
                    msg, cls._log_dir, pid, e
                )
            )

        # Write to the shared log.
        try:
            # TODO: we should probably guard this against concurrent modification by other pants
            # subprocesses somehow.
            cls._try_write_with_flush(cls._shared_error_fileobj, fatal_error_log_entry)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(
                "Error logging the message '{}' to the shared file handle for {} at pid {}:\n{}".format(
                    msg, cls._log_dir, pid, e
                )
            )