def get_next_id(self):
        try:
            query = {'_id': 'last_id'}
            update = {'$inc': {'id': 1}}
            fn = self.db.internal.find_and_modify
            row = fn(query, update, upsert=True, new=True)
        except Exception as e:
            raise DatabaseException(e)
        return row['id']
def __init__(
        self, minimum=None, maximum=None, choices=None, optional=False
    ):
        self._required = not optional
        self._minimum = minimum
        self._maximum = maximum
        self._choices = choices