def __missing__(self, key):
        if self.default_factory is None:
            raise KeyError(key)
        else:
            ret = self[key] = self.default_factory(name=key)
            return ret
def commit(self):
        context = self.pop()
        if self:
            # savepoint
            self[-1]['cbs'].extend(context['cbs'])
            self[-1]['dirty'] = self[-1]['dirty'] or context['dirty']
        else:
            # transaction
            for func, args, kwargs in context['cbs']:
                func(*args, **kwargs)