def install(h, pip, groups, save, save_dev, packages):
    """Install a pip or bower package."""
    if groups:
        groups = [text_type.strip(group) for group in groups.split(",")]
    else:
        groups = h.requirements.keys()

    if not packages:
        for group in groups:
            if group not in h.requirements:
                warning("{} not in requirements".format(group))
                continue
            install = (h.install_bower if group.startswith("bower")
                       else h.install_pip)
            for requirement in h.requirements[group]:
                install(str(requirement), save=False, save_dev=False)
    if pip:
        for package in packages:
            h.install_pip(package, save=save, save_dev=save_dev)
    else:
        for package in packages:
            h.install_bower(package, save=save, save_dev=save_dev)
def deadlines_for_courses(cls, course_keys):
        """
        Retrieve verification deadlines for particular courses.

        Arguments:
            course_keys (list): List of `CourseKey`s.

        Returns:
            dict: Map of course keys to datetimes (verification deadlines)

        """
        all_deadlines = cache.get(cls.ALL_DEADLINES_CACHE_KEY)
        if all_deadlines is None:
            all_deadlines = {
                deadline.course_key: deadline.deadline
                for deadline in VerificationDeadline.objects.all()
            }
            cache.set(cls.ALL_DEADLINES_CACHE_KEY, all_deadlines)

        return {
            course_key: all_deadlines[course_key]
            for course_key in course_keys
            if course_key in all_deadlines
        }