def __missing__(self, key):
        if self.default_factory is None:
            raise KeyError(key)
        else:
            ret = self[key] = self.default_factory(name=key)
            return ret
def _acc_grads(g_sum, g_w, g):
  """Accumulate gradients in g, weighted by g_w."""
  return [g_sum_i + g_w * g_i for g_sum_i, g_i in zip(g_sum, g)]