def __missing__(self, key):
        if self.default_factory is None:
            raise KeyError(key)
        else:
            ret = self[key] = self.default_factory(name=key)
            return ret
def dfs_print(root):
        if root is None:
            return
        dfs_print(root.left)
        print(str(root.key) + ' ', end='')
        dfs_print(root.right)