def download_file(url, dest=None, chunk_size=1024, replace="ask",
                  label="Downloading {dest_basename} ({size:.2f}MB)",
                  expected_extension=None):
    """Download a file from a given URL and display progress.

    :param dest: If the destination exists and is a directory, the filename
        will be guessed from the Content-Disposition header. If the destination
        is an existing file, the user will either be prompted to overwrite, or
        the file will be replaced (depending on the value of **replace**). If
        the destination does not exist, it will be used as the filename.
    :param int chunk_size: bytes read in at a time.
    :param replace: If `False`, an existing destination file will not be
        overwritten.
    :param label: a string which is formatted and displayed as the progress bar
        label. Variables provided include *dest_basename*, *dest*, and *size*.
    :param expected_extension: if set, the filename will be sanitized to ensure
        it has the given extension. The extension should not start with a dot
        (`.`).
    """
    dest = Path(dest or url.split("/")[-1])
    response = get(url, stream=True)
    if (dest.exists()
            and dest.is_dir()
            and "Content-Disposition" in response.headers):
        content_disposition = rfc6266.parse_requests_response(response)
        if expected_extension is not None:
            filename = content_disposition.filename_sanitized(
                expected_extension)
        filename = secure_filename(filename)
        dest = dest / filename
    if dest.exists() and not dest.is_dir():
        if (replace is False
                or replace == "ask"
                and not click.confirm("Replace {}?".format(dest))):
            return str(dest)
    size = int(response.headers.get("content-length", 0))
    label = label.format(dest=dest, dest_basename=dest.name,
                         size=size/1024.0/1024)
    with click.open_file(str(dest), "wb") as f:
        content_iter = response.iter_content(chunk_size=chunk_size)
        with click.progressbar(content_iter, length=size/1024,
                               label=label) as bar:
            for chunk in bar:
                if chunk:
                    f.write(chunk)
                    f.flush()
    return str(dest)
def create_channel(
        cls,
        host: str = "appengine.googleapis.com",
        credentials: ga_credentials.Credentials = None,
        credentials_file: str = None,
        scopes: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
        quota_project_id: Optional[str] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> grpc.Channel:
        """Create and return a gRPC channel object.
        Args:
            host (Optional[str]): The host for the channel to use.
            credentials (Optional[~.Credentials]): The
                authorization credentials to attach to requests. These
                credentials identify this application to the service. If
                none are specified, the client will attempt to ascertain
                the credentials from the environment.
            credentials_file (Optional[str]): A file with credentials that can
                be loaded with :func:`google.auth.load_credentials_from_file`.
                This argument is mutually exclusive with credentials.
            scopes (Optional[Sequence[str]]): A optional list of scopes needed for this
                service. These are only used when credentials are not specified and
                are passed to :func:`google.auth.default`.
            quota_project_id (Optional[str]): An optional project to use for billing
                and quota.
            kwargs (Optional[dict]): Keyword arguments, which are passed to the
                channel creation.
        Returns:
            grpc.Channel: A gRPC channel object.

        Raises:
            google.api_core.exceptions.DuplicateCredentialArgs: If both ``credentials``
              and ``credentials_file`` are passed.
        """

        return grpc_helpers.create_channel(
            host,
            credentials=credentials,
            credentials_file=credentials_file,
            quota_project_id=quota_project_id,
            default_scopes=cls.AUTH_SCOPES,
            scopes=scopes,
            default_host=cls.DEFAULT_HOST,
            **kwargs,
        )