def test_view_of_view(matrix_type, subset_func, subset_func2):
    adata = gen_adata((30, 15), X_type=matrix_type)
    adata.raw = adata
    if subset_func is single_subset:
        pytest.xfail("Other subset generating functions have trouble with this")
    var_s1 = subset_func(adata.var_names, min_size=4)
    var_view1 = adata[:, var_s1]
    var_s2 = subset_func2(var_view1.var_names)
    var_view2 = var_view1[:, var_s2]
    assert var_view2._adata_ref is adata
    obs_s1 = subset_func(adata.obs_names, min_size=4)
    obs_view1 = adata[obs_s1, :]
    obs_s2 = subset_func2(obs_view1.obs_names)
    assert adata[obs_s1, :][:, var_s1][obs_s2, :]._adata_ref is adata

    view_of_actual_copy = adata[:, var_s1].copy()[obs_s1, :].copy()[:, var_s2].copy()

    view_of_view_copy = adata[:, var_s1][obs_s1, :][:, var_s2].copy()

    assert_equal(view_of_actual_copy, view_of_view_copy, exact=True)
def _GetOutputStream(output_format, output_dir):
  assert output_format in _OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHOICES, 'Must specify a valid format.'
  assert output_format not in ('gtest', 'none'), (
      'Cannot set stream for \'gtest\' or \'none\' output formats.')

  if output_format == 'buildbot':
    return sys.stdout

  assert output_format in _OUTPUT_FILENAME_LOOKUP, (
      'No known filename for the \'%s\' output format' % output_format)
  output_file = os.path.join(output_dir, _OUTPUT_FILENAME_LOOKUP[output_format])
  open(output_file, 'a').close()  # Create file if it doesn't exist.
  return open(output_file, 'r+')