def test_view_of_view(matrix_type, subset_func, subset_func2):
    adata = gen_adata((30, 15), X_type=matrix_type)
    adata.raw = adata
    if subset_func is single_subset:
        pytest.xfail("Other subset generating functions have trouble with this")
    var_s1 = subset_func(adata.var_names, min_size=4)
    var_view1 = adata[:, var_s1]
    var_s2 = subset_func2(var_view1.var_names)
    var_view2 = var_view1[:, var_s2]
    assert var_view2._adata_ref is adata
    obs_s1 = subset_func(adata.obs_names, min_size=4)
    obs_view1 = adata[obs_s1, :]
    obs_s2 = subset_func2(obs_view1.obs_names)
    assert adata[obs_s1, :][:, var_s1][obs_s2, :]._adata_ref is adata

    view_of_actual_copy = adata[:, var_s1].copy()[obs_s1, :].copy()[:, var_s2].copy()

    view_of_view_copy = adata[:, var_s1][obs_s1, :][:, var_s2].copy()

    assert_equal(view_of_actual_copy, view_of_view_copy, exact=True)
def torque(pos, torque, ax=0):
    """creates plot from torque vs position"""
    k = 20
    alpha = np.linspace(pos[0], pos[-1],
                        k*len(torque))
    f = ip.interp1d(pos, torque, kind='quadratic')
    unit = 'Nm'
    scale = 1
    if np.min(torque) < -9.9e3 or np.max(torque) > 9.9e3:
        scale = 1e-3
        unit = 'kNm'
    if ax == 0:
        ax = plt.gca()
    ax.set_title('Torque / {}'.format(unit))
    ax.grid(True)
    ax.plot(pos, [scale*t for t in torque], 'go')
    ax.plot(alpha, scale*f(alpha))
    if np.min(torque) > 0 and np.max(torque) > 0:
        ax.set_ylim(bottom=0)
    elif np.min(torque) < 0 and np.max(torque) < 0:
        ax.set_ylim(top=0)