def read(*parts):
    """
    Build an absolute path from *parts* and and return the contents of the
    resulting file.  Assume UTF-8 encoding.
    """
    with codecs.open(os.path.join(HERE, *parts), "rb", "utf-8") as f:
        return f.read()
def __init__(
        self, minimum=None, maximum=None, choices=None, optional=False
    ):
        self._required = not optional
        self._minimum = minimum
        self._maximum = maximum
        self._choices = choices