Medical University of Vienna

<!DOCTYPE html>
<HTML class="client-js ve-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"><HEAD>

<TITLE>Medical University of Vienna - Wikipedia</TITLE>

<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector" />

<STYLE>
.referencetooltip{position:absolute;list-style:none;list-style-image:none;opacity:0;font-size:12px;margin:0;z-index:5;padding:0}.referencetooltip > li{background:#fff;border:1px solid #bbb;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);margin:0;padding:8px 10px;line-height:18px;max-width:300px}.referencetooltip > li + li{box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:7px;margin-top:-1px;border:0;padding:0;height:3px;width:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-top:12px #bbb solid;border-right:7px transparent solid;border-left:7px transparent solid}.referencetooltip > li + li::after{z-index:111;content:'';border:6px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:8px solid #fff;height:0;width:0;display:block;margin-left:-6px;margin-top:-12px}.RTflipped{padding-top:13px}.referencetooltip.RTflipped > li + li{position:absolute;top:0;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px #bbb solid}.referencetooltip.RTflipped > li + li::after{border-top:0;border-bottom:8px #fff solid;position:absolute;margin-top:7px}.RTsettings{ background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%0D%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%3E%0D%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23555%22%20d%3D%22M20%2014.5v-2.9l-1.8-.3c-.1-.4-.3-.8-.6-1.4l1.1-1.5-2.1-2.1-1.5%201.1c-.5-.3-1-.5-1.4-.6L13.5%205h-2.9l-.3%201.8c-.5.1-.9.3-1.4.6L7.4%206.3%205.3%208.4l1%201.5c-.3.5-.4.9-.6%201.4l-1.7.2v2.9l1.8.3c.1.5.3.9.6%201.4l-1%201.5%202.1%202.1%201.5-1c.4.2.9.4%201.4.6l.3%201.8h3l.3-1.8c.5-.1.9-.3%201.4-.6l1.5%201.1%202.1-2.1-1.1-1.5c.3-.5.5-1%20.6-1.4l1.5-.3zM12%2016c-1.7%200-3-1.3-3-3s1.3-3%203-3%203%201.3%203%203-1.3%203-3%203z%22%2F%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E);  display:block;float:right;cursor:pointer;margin:0;margin-top:-4px;height:24px;width:24px;border-radius:2px;box-sizing:border-box;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:24px 24px;margin-left:8px}.RTsettings:hover{background-color:#eee}.RTTarget{background-color:#def}
.wp-teahouse-question-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}#wp-th-question-ask{float:right}.wp-teahouse-ask a.external{background-image:none !important}.wp-teahouse-respond-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}.wp-th-respond{float:right}.wp-teahouse-respond a.external{background-image:none !important}
.cite-accessibility-label{ top:-99999px;clip:rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px); position:absolute !important;padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;height:1px !important;width:1px !important; overflow:hidden}
.mw-spinner{background-color:transparent;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.mw-spinner-small{background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/resources/src/jquery.spinner/images/spinner.gif?ca65b)!ie;height:20px;width:20px; min-width:20px}.mw-spinner-large{background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/resources/src/jquery.spinner/images/spinner-large.gif?57f34)!ie;height:32px;width:32px; min-width:32px}.mw-spinner-block{display:block; width:100%}.mw-spinner-inline{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
.suggestions{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;border:0;z-index:1099;padding:0;margin:-1px 0 0 0}.suggestions-special{position:relative;background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;margin-top:-2px;display:none;padding:0.25em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em}.suggestions-results{background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0;margin:0}.suggestions-result{color:#000;margin:0;line-height:1.5em;padding:0.01em 0.25em;text-align:left; overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.suggestions-result-current{background-color:#2a4b8d;color:#fff}.suggestions-special .special-label{color:#72777d;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-query{color:#000;font-style:italic;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-hover{background-color:#c8ccd1}.suggestions-result-current .special-label,.suggestions-result-current .special-query{color:#fff}.highlight{font-weight:bold}
@media screen {
	.tochidden,.toctoggle{-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.toctoggle{font-size:94%}}
@media print {
	.toc.tochidden,.toctoggle{display:none}}
.uls-menu{border-radius:2px; font-size:medium}.uls-search,.uls-language-settings-close-block{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-top-left-radius:2px}.uls-language-list{border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.uls-menu.callout:before,.uls-menu.callout:after{border-top:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid transparent;display:inline-block; top:17px;position:absolute;content:''}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right:before{ border-left:10px solid #c8ccd1; right:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right:after{ border-left:10px solid #f8f9fa; right:-10px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left:before{ border-right:10px solid #c8ccd1; left:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left:after{ border-right:10px solid #f8f9fa; left:-10px}.uls-ui-languages button{margin:5px 15px 5px 0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}.uls-search-wrapper-wrapper{position:relative;padding-left:40px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px}.uls-icon-back{background:transparent url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/back-grey-ltr.png?90e9b) no-repeat scroll center center;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/back-grey-ltr.svg?e226b);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2224%22 height=%2224%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2354595d%22 d=%22M7 13.1l8.9 8.9c.8-.8.8-2 0-2.8l-6.1-6.1 6-6.1c.8-.8.8-2 0-2.8L7 13.1z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");background-size:28px;background-position:center center;height:32px;width:40px;display:block;position:absolute;left:0;border-right:1px solid #c8ccd1;opacity:0.8}.uls-icon-back:hover{opacity:1;cursor:pointer}.uls-menu .uls-no-results-view .uls-no-found-more{background-color:#fff}.uls-menu .uls-no-results-view h3{padding:0 28px;margin:0;color:#54595d;font-size:1em;font-weight:normal}  .skin-vector .uls-menu{border-color:#c8ccd1;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);font-size:0.875em}.skin-vector .uls-search{border-bottom-color:#c8ccd1}.skin-vector .uls-filtersuggestion{color:#72777d}.skin-vector .uls-lcd-region-title{color:#54595d}
.mw-editfont-monospace{font-family:monospace,monospace}.mw-editfont-sans-serif{font-family:sans-serif}.mw-editfont-serif{font-family:serif} .mw-editfont-monospace,.mw-editfont-sans-serif,.mw-editfont-serif{font-size:13px; }.mw-editfont-monospace.oo-ui-textInputWidget,.mw-editfont-sans-serif.oo-ui-textInputWidget,.mw-editfont-serif.oo-ui-textInputWidget{font-size:inherit}.mw-editfont-monospace > .oo-ui-inputWidget-input,.mw-editfont-sans-serif > .oo-ui-inputWidget-input,.mw-editfont-serif > .oo-ui-inputWidget-input{font-size:13px}
@-webkit-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0)}}@-moz-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-moz-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-moz-transform:translateY(0)}}@-o-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-o-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-o-transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-moz-animation-duration:1s;-o-animation-duration:1s;animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;-moz-animation-fill-mode:both;-o-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both;-webkit-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-moz-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-o-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation}
@media print{#centralNotice{display:none}}.cn-closeButton{display:inline-block;zoom:1;background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUBAMAAAB/pwA+AAAAElBMVEUAAAAQEBDPz88AAABAQEDv7+9oe1vvAAAABnRSTlMA3rLe3rJS22KzAAAARElEQVQI12PAAUIUQCSTK5BwFgIxFU1AhKECUFAYKAAioXwwBeZChMGCEGGQIFQYJohgIhQgtCEMQ7ECYTHCOciOxA4AADgJTXIb9s8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=) no-repeat;background:url(/w/extensions/CentralNotice/resources/subscribing/close.png?8e3d8) no-repeat!ie;width:20px;height:20px;text-indent:20px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}
.mw-ui-button{font-family:inherit;font-size:1em;display:inline-block;min-width:4em;max-width:28.75em;padding:0.546875em 1em;line-height:1.286;margin:0;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-appearance:none;*display:inline; zoom:1;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#222222;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer}.mw-ui-button:visited{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#444444;border-color:#a2a9b1}.mw-ui-button:focus{background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;border-color:#3366cc;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button:active,.mw-ui-button.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#d9d9d9;color:#000000;border-color:#72777d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button:disabled:active{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:focus{outline-width:0}.mw-ui-button:focus::-moz-focus-inner{border-color:transparent;padding:0}.mw-ui-button:not(:disabled){-webkit-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;-moz-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms}.mw-ui-button:disabled{text-shadow:none;cursor:default}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-big{font-size:1.3em}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-block{display:block;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive{background-color:#3366cc;color:#fff;border:1px solid #3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:hover{background-color:#447ff5;border-color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#2a4b8d}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive{background-color:#dd3333;color:#fff;border:1px solid #dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:hover{background-color:#ff4242;border-color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #dd3333,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#b32424;border-color:#b32424;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#b32424}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{background:transparent;border:0;text-shadow:none;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#444444}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#000000}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{background:transparent}input.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner,button.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner{margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:-1px}a.mw-ui-button{text-decoration:none}a.mw-ui-button:hover,a.mw-ui-button:focus{text-decoration:none}.mw-ui-button-group > *{min-width:48px;border-radius:0;float:left}.mw-ui-button-group > *:first-child{border-top-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group > *:not(:first-child){border-left:0}.mw-ui-button-group > *:last-child{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group .is-on .button{cursor:default}
.mw-ui-icon{position:relative;line-height:1.5em;min-height:1.5em;min-width:1.5em}span.mw-ui-icon{display:inline-block}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element{text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden;width:3.5em;min-width:3.5em;max-width:3.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{left:0;right:0;position:absolute;margin:0 1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element.mw-ui-icon-large{width:4.625em;min-width:4.625em;max-width:4.625em;line-height:4.625em;min-height:4.625em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element.mw-ui-icon-large:before{min-height:4.625em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before,.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% auto;float:left;display:block;min-height:1.5em;content:''}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before{position:relative;width:1.5em;margin-right:1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-small:before{background-size:66.67% auto}
.mw-ui-icon-popups-settings:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=popups-settings&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=0qka2ap);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=%2220px%22 height=%2220px%22 viewbox=%220 0 20 20%22 xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E %3Cg fill=%22%2354595D%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M10.112 4.554a5.334 5.334 0 1 0 0 10.668 5.334 5.334 0 0 0 0-10.668zm0 7.823a2.49 2.49 0 1 1 0-4.978 2.49 2.49 0 0 1 0 4.978z%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M11.4 5.303L11.05 3h-2.1L8.6 5.303a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 2.8 0zm-2.8 9.394L8.95 17h2.1l.35-2.303a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-2.8 0zm5.712-7.028l1.4-1.876L14.2 4.309l-1.876 1.4a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 1.981 1.981l.007-.021zm-8.624 4.662L4.309 14.2 5.8 15.691l1.876-1.4a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-1.981-1.981l-.007.021zm9.009-.931L17 11.05v-2.1l-2.303-.35a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 0 2.8zM5.303 8.6L3 8.95v2.1l2.303.35a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 0-2.8zm7.028 5.712l1.876 1.4 1.484-1.512-1.4-1.876a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-1.981 1.981l.021.007zM7.669 5.688L5.8 4.309 4.309 5.8l1.4 1.876a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 1.96-1.988z%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-popups-close:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=popups-close&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=0qka2ap);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%220 0 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M3.636 2.222l14.142 14.142-1.414 1.414L2.222 3.636z%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M17.778 3.636L3.636 17.778l-1.414-1.414L16.364 2.222z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-preview-generic:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=preview-generic&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=0qka2ap);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=%2237%22 height=%2227%22 xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E %3Cg id=%22Page-1%22 fill=%22none%22 fill-rule=%22evenodd%22%3E %3Cg id=%22sad-face%22 fill=%22%23C8CCD1%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M5.475.7v20.075L0 26.25h31.025c3.102 0 5.475-2.372 5.475-5.475V.7H5.475zm20.44 4.562c1.277 0 2.19 1.095 2.19 2.19 0 1.096-.913 2.373-2.19 2.373-1.278 0-2.19-1.095-2.19-2.19s1.095-2.373 2.19-2.373zm-9.855 0c1.277 0 2.19 1.095 2.19 2.19 0 1.096-1.095 2.373-2.19 2.373s-2.19-1.095-2.19-2.19.913-2.373 2.19-2.373zm4.928 8.213c-7.153 0-8.415 7.012-8.415 7.012s2.805-1.403 8.415-1.403c5.61 0 8.414 1.403 8.414 1.403S28 13.475 20.988 13.475z%22 id=%22Shape%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-footer:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=footer&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=0qka2ap);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%22230%22 height=%22179%22 xmlns:xlink=%22http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%22 viewBox=%220 0 230 179%22%3E %3Cdefs%3E %3Crect id=%22a%22 width=%22201%22 height=%2213%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Crect id=%22b%22 width=%22201%22 height=%22169%22 y=%2210%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Crect id=%22c%22 width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%22135%22 y=%22158%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3C/defs%3E %3Cg fill=%22none%22 fill-rule=%22evenodd%22%3E %3Cg transform=%22matrix%281 0 0 -1 0 13%29%22%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%23f8f9fa%22 xlink:href=%22%23a%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22199%22 height=%2211%22 x=%221%22 y=%221%22 stroke=%22%23a2a9b1%22 stroke-width=%222%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%23fff%22 xlink:href=%22%23b%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22199%22 height=%22167%22 x=%221%22 y=%2211%22 stroke=%22%23a2a9b1%22 stroke-width=%222%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Cg opacity=%22.4%22 transform=%22translate%2867 35%29%22%3E %3Crect width=%2273%22 height=%222%22 y=%227%22 fill=%22%23c8ccd1%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2281%22 height=%222%22 y=%2231%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2232%22 height=%222%22 y=%2285%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2273%22 height=%222%22 x=%2235%22 y=%2285%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 x=%2291%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2268%22 height=%222%22 x=%2220%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2237%22 height=%222%22 x=%2272%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2249%22 height=%222%22 x=%2220%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2224%22 height=%222%22 x=%2284%22 y=%2231%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22 transform=%22matrix%28-1 0 0 1 192 0%29%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2281%22 height=%222%22 y=%2266%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2214%22 height=%222%22 x=%2254%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2237%22 height=%222%22 x=%2271%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2251%22 height=%222%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2259%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2252%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2292%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2238%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2251%22 height=%222%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Crect width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%2267%22 y=%22158%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 opacity=%22.4%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%2299%22 y=%22158%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 opacity=%22.4%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%2336c%22 xlink:href=%22%23c%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2233%22 height=%225%22 x=%22133.5%22 y=%22156.5%22 stroke=%22%23ffc057%22 stroke-opacity=%22.447%22 stroke-width=%223%22 rx=%222.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%2234%22 cy=%2249%22 r=%2219%22 fill=%22%23eaecf0%22/%3E %3Cg fill=%22%23a2a9b1%22 transform=%22translate%285 5%29%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%221.5%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%226%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%2210.5%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Cpath stroke=%22%23ff00af%22 d=%22M174.5 159.5h54.01%22 stroke-linecap=%22square%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-preview-disambiguation:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=preview-disambiguation&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=0qka2ap);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%222 2 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23C8CCD1%22 d=%22M11 12h4V7h-4v5zm-5 2h9v-1H6v1zm0 2h9v-1H6v1zm0 2h9v-1H6v1zm4-9H6v1h4V9zm0 2H6v1h4v-1zm0-4H6v1h4V7zM4 5h13v16H7c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3V5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill-rule=%22evenodd%22 fill=%22%23C8CCD1%22 d=%22M18 4v14h2V2H7v2%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}
.client-js ol.mw-collapsible:before,.client-js ul.mw-collapsible:before,.client-js .mw-collapsible-toggle-li{ display:list-item;list-style:none;margin-bottom:0.1em}.client-js ol.mw-made-collapsible:before,.client-js ul.mw-made-collapsible:before{display:none}.client-js ol.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.client-js ul.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.client-js table.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) :first-child tr:first-child th:last-child:before,.client-js table.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > caption:first-child:after{content:'[hide]'}.client-js td.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.client-js table.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) :first-child tr:first-child th:last-child:before,.client-js table.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > caption:first-child:after,.client-js div.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before{content:'[show]'}.client-js .mw-collapsible[id^='mw-customcollapsible'] th:before,.client-js .mw-collapsible[id^='mw-customcollapsible']:before{content:none !important}.client-js table.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > caption:first-child:after{float:none;display:block}.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > p,.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > table,.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > thead + tbody,.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) tr:not(:first-child),.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) .mw-collapsible-content{display:none}  .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:right} .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:left} li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr li .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:none}ol.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,ul.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before{float:none !important}</STYLE><STYLE>
.mw-3d-wrapper{display:inline-block;position:relative;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:top}.mw-3d-badge{position:absolute;top:11px;left:11px;color:#1e1f21;font-size:14px;line-height:19px;font-weight:bold;opacity:0.8;padding:2px 5px;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-radius:2px}.mw-3d-thumb-placeholder{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;color:#222}
.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#fff}.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link .special-query{ overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}
#uls-settings-block{background-color:#f8f9fa;border-top:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding-left:10px;line-height:1.2em;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px}#uls-settings-block > button{background:left top transparent no-repeat;background-size:20px auto;color:#54595d;display:inline-block;margin:8px 15px;border:0;padding:0 0 0 26px;font-size:medium;cursor:pointer}#uls-settings-block > button:hover{color:#222}#uls-settings-block > button.display-settings-block{background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/display.png?d25f1);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%220 0 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23222%22 d=%22M.002 2.275V15.22h8.405c.535 1.624-.975 1.786-1.902 2.505 0 0 2.293-.024 3.439-.024 1.144 0 3.432.024 3.432.024-.905-.688-2.355-.868-1.902-2.505h8.527V2.275h-20zm6.81 1.84h.797l3.313 8.466H9.879L8.836 9.943H5.462l-1.043 2.638h-.982zm.368 1.104c-.084.369-.211.785-.368 1.227L5.83 9.023h2.699l-.982-2.577c-.128-.33-.234-.747-.368-1.227zm7.117.982c.753 0 1.295.157 1.656.491.365.334.552.858.552 1.595v4.294h-.675l-.184-.859h-.062c-.315.396-.605.655-.92.798-.311.138-.758.184-1.227.184-.626 0-1.115-.168-1.472-.491-.353-.323-.491-.754-.491-1.35 0-1.275 1.028-1.963 3.068-2.025h1.043v-.429c0-.495-.091-.87-.307-1.104-.211-.238-.574-.307-1.043-.307-.526 0-1.115.107-1.779.429l-.307-.675a4.748 4.748 0 0 1 1.043-.429 4.334 4.334 0 0 1 1.104-.123zm.307 3.313c-.761.027-1.318.157-1.656.368-.334.207-.491.54-.491.982 0 .346.1.617.307.798.211.181.544.245.92.245.595 0 1.012-.164 1.35-.491.342-.326.552-.762.552-1.35v-.552z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}#uls-settings-block > button.input-settings-block{background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/input.png?aea9e);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%220 0 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23222%22 d=%22M9 1.281c-.124.259-.185.599-.5.688-.55.081-1.133.018-1.688 0-.866-.032-1.733-.148-2.594 0-.588.157-.953.727-1.188 1.25-.178.416-.271.836-.344 1.281H-.002V16h20V4.5H3.654c.109-.52.203-1.057.563-1.469.222-.231.587-.17.875-.188 1.212.003 2.415.179 3.625.063.463-.058.812-.455.969-.875l.188-.438-.875-.313zM1.875 7.125h1.563c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188.188H1.875c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.531c0 .094-.062.188-.156.188H4.719c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.531c0 .094-.062.188-.156.188H7.563a.201.201 0 0 1-.188-.188V7.313c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm2.813 0h1.563c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188.188h-1.563c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.531c0 .094-.062.188-.156.188H13.22c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.531c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188.188h-1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188-.188V7.313c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm-12.844 3h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.563c0 .094-.062.156-.156.156H3.22c-.094 0-.156-.062-.156-.156v-1.563c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.906 0h1.563c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.563c0 .094-.093.156-.188.156H6.126c-.094 0-.156-.062-.156-.156v-1.563c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.938 0h1.531c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.563c0 .094-.093.156-.188.156H9.064c-.094 0-.188-.062-.188-.156v-1.563c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm2.906 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.563c0 .094-.062.156-.156.156H11.97c-.094 0-.188-.062-.188-.156v-1.563c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm2.906 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.563c0 .094-.062.156-.156.156h-1.563c-.094 0-.156-.062-.156-.156v-1.563c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zM4.001 13.688h12c.088 0 .156.068.156.156v.844a.154.154 0 0 1-.156.156h-12a.154.154 0 0 1-.156-.156v-.844c0-.088.068-.156.156-.156z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}
.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget{border:0;padding:0;color:inherit;line-height:1.5em; }.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget:focus{outline:0;padding:0}.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget::selection{background:rgba(109,169,247,0.5); }
#p-lang .body ul .uls-trigger,#p-lang .pBody ul .uls-trigger{background-image:none;padding:0} .mw-interlanguage-selector,.mw-interlanguage-selector:active{cursor:pointer;padding:4px 6px 4px 25px;font-size:13px;font-weight:normal;background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/compact-links-trigger.png?b0c8e);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2218%22 height=%2218%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2372777d%22 d=%22M13 19l.8-3h5.3l.9 3h2.2L18 6h-3l-4.2 13H13zm3.5-11l2 6h-4l2-6zM5 4l.938 1.906H1V8h1.594C3.194 9.8 4 11.206 5 12.406c-1.1.7-4.313 1.781-4.313 1.781L2 16s3.487-1.387 4.688-2.188c1 .7 2.319 1.188 3.719 1.688l.594-2c-1-.3-1.988-.688-2.688-1.188 1.1-1.1 1.9-2.506 2.5-4.406h2.188l.5-2H7.938L7 4H5zm-.188 4h3.781c-.4 1.3-.906 2-1.906 3-1.1-1-1.475-1.7-1.875-3z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");background-size:18px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:left 4px center;margin:4px 0;text-align:left}.mw-interlanguage-selector:active,.mw-interlanguage-selector.selector-open{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#54595d}.interlanguage-uls-menu:before,.interlanguage-uls-menu:after{border-top:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid transparent;display:inline-block; top:17px;position:absolute;content:''}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-right:before{ border-left:10px solid #c8ccd1; right:-11px}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-right:after{ border-left:10px solid #f8f9fa; right:-10px}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-left:before{ border-right:10px solid #c8ccd1; left:-11px}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-left:after{ border-right:10px solid #f8f9fa; left:-10px}
.mw-mmv-overlay{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1000;background-color:#000}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open{overflow-y:auto;  }body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-page-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-head-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-navigation,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #content,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #footer,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #globalWrapper{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > *{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-overlay,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-wrapper{display:block}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons{margin-top:5px}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded,.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config{display:block;line-height:inherit}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 1024 768%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M851.2 71.6L690.7 232.1l-40.1-40.3-9.6 164.8 164.8-9.3-40.3-40.4L926 146.4l58.5 58.5L997.6 0 792.7 13.1%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M769.6 89.3H611.9l70.9 70.8 7.9 7.5m-47.1 234.6l-51.2 3 3-51.2 9.4-164.4 5.8-100.3H26.4V768h883.1V387l-100.9 5.8-165 9.4zM813.9 678H113.6l207.2-270.2 31.5-12.9L548 599.8l105.9-63.2 159.8 140.8.2.6zm95.6-291.9V228l-79.1 78.9 7.8 7.9%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 1024 768%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M897 454.6V313.4L810.4 299c-6.4-23.3-16-45.7-27.3-65.8l50.5-71.4-99.4-100.2-71.4 50.5c-20.9-11.2-42.5-20.9-65.8-27.3L582.6-1H441.4L427 85.6c-23.3 6.4-45.7 16-65.8 27.3l-71.4-50.5-100.3 99.5 50.5 71.4c-11.2 20.9-20.9 42.5-27.3 66.6L127 313.4v141.2l85.8 14.4c6.4 23.3 16 45.7 27.3 66.6L189.6 607l99.5 99.5 71.4-50.5c20.9 11.2 42.5 20.9 66.6 27.3l14.4 85.8h141.2l14.4-86.6c23.3-6.4 45.7-16 65.8-27.3l71.4 50.5 99.5-99.5-50.5-71.4c11.2-20.9 20.9-42.5 27.3-66.6l86.4-13.6zm-385 77c-81.8 0-147.6-66.6-147.6-147.6 0-81.8 66.6-147.6 147.6-147.6S659.6 302.2 659.6 384 593.8 531.6 512 531.6z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");opacity:0.75}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before:hover{opacity:1}.mw-mmv-button{background-color:transparent;min-width:0;border:0;padding:0;overflow-x:hidden;text-indent:-9999em}
@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}.mwe-popups-fade-in-up{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-in-down{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-down{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-up{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards}   #mwe-popups-settings{z-index:1000;background:#fff;width:420px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);border-radius:2px;font-size:14px}#mwe-popups-settings header{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;position:relative;display:table;width:100%;padding:5px 7px 5px 0}#mwe-popups-settings header > div{display:table-cell;width:3.5em;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer}#mwe-popups-settings header h1{margin-bottom:0.6em;padding-top:0.5em;border:0;width:100%;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close{opacity:0.87;-webkit-transition:opacity 100ms;-moz-transition:opacity 100ms;transition:opacity 100ms}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close:hover{opacity:0.73}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close:active{opacity:1}#mwe-popups-settings main{display:block;width:350px;padding:32px 0 24px;margin:0 auto}#mwe-popups-settings main p{color:#54595d;font-size:17px;margin:16px 0 0}#mwe-popups-settings main p:first-child{margin-top:0}#mwe-popups-settings main form img,#mwe-popups-settings main form input,#mwe-popups-settings main form label{vertical-align:top}#mwe-popups-settings main form img{margin-right:60px}#mwe-popups-settings main form input{display:inline-block;margin:0 10px 0 0;padding:0}#mwe-popups-settings main form label{font-size:13px;display:inline-block;line-height:16px;width:300px}#mwe-popups-settings main form label > span{color:#000;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:18px}.mwe-popups-settings-help{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;margin:40px;position:relative}.mwe-popups-settings-help .mw-ui-icon:before,.mwe-popups-settings-help .mw-ui-icon{height:140px;width:180px;max-width:none;margin:0}.mwe-popups-settings-help p{left:180px;bottom:20px;position:absolute}.mwe-popups{cursor:pointer;background:#fff;position:absolute;z-index:110;-webkit-box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 1px #a2a9b1;box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 1px #a2a9b1;padding:0;display:none;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;min-width:300px;border-radius:2px; }.mwe-popups .mw-ui-icon{font-size:16px}.mwe-popups .mw-ui-icon-preview-disambiguation,.mwe-popups .mw-ui-icon-preview-generic{margin:21px 0 8px 0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container{color:#222222;margin-top:-9px;padding-top:9px;text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer{padding:16px;margin:0;font-size:10px;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract{margin:16px;display:block;color:#222222;text-decoration:none;position:relative;   }.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract:hover{text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract:after{content:' ';position:absolute;bottom:0;width:25%;height:20px;background-color:transparent}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='ltr']:after{ right:0; background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-o-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='rtl']:after{ left:0; background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-o-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract p{margin:0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ul,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ol,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract li,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dl,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dd,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dt{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.mwe-popups svg{overflow:hidden}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall{width:450px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{vertical-align:middle}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall .mwe-popups-extract{width:215px;height:180px;overflow:hidden;float:left}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall footer{width:215px;left:0}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall{width:320px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall .mwe-popups-extract{min-height:40px;max-height:140px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:47px;padding-bottom:0}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall footer{width:290px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-generic .mwe-popups-extract,.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-disambiguation .mwe-popups-extract{min-height:auto;padding-top:4px;margin-bottom:60px;margin-top:0}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-generic .mwe-popups-read-link,.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-disambiguation .mwe-popups-read-link{font-weight:bold;font-size:12px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-generic .mwe-popups-extract:hover + footer .mwe-popups-read-link,.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-disambiguation .mwe-popups-extract:hover + footer .mwe-popups-read-link{text-decoration:underline}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:8px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:8px solid #a2a9b1;top:-8px;left:10px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:11px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:11px solid #ffffff;top:-7px;left:7px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:before{left:auto;right:10px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:after{left:auto;right:7px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px;left:9px;z-index:111}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px solid #ffffff;top:-8px;left:6px;z-index:112}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer.flipped-x:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px;left:273px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer.flipped-x:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px solid #ffffff;top:-8px;left:269px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer .mwe-popups-extract{padding-top:32px;margin-top:190px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer > div > a > svg{margin-top:-8px;position:absolute;z-index:113;left:0}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-is-tall{min-height:242px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-is-tall:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px;left:420px;z-index:111}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{margin:0;margin-top:-8px;margin-bottom:-7px;position:absolute;z-index:113;right:0}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:9px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-9px;left:272px;z-index:111}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:12px solid #ffffff;bottom:-8px;left:269px;z-index:112}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall{min-height:242px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:9px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-9px;left:420px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:12px solid #ffffff;bottom:-8px;left:417px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{margin:0;margin-bottom:-9px;position:absolute;z-index:113;right:0}.mwe-popups.flipped-y:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:8px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:8px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-8px;left:10px}.mwe-popups.flipped-y:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:11px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:11px solid #ffffff;bottom:-7px;left:7px}.mwe-popups-is-tall polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}.mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x-y polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(0,-8px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-8px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-8px);transform:translate(0,-8px)}.mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(0,8px);-moz-transform:translate(0,8px);-ms-transform:translate(0,8px);transform:translate(0,8px)}.rtl .mwe-popups-is-tall polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,0);-moz-transform:translate(-100%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,0);transform:translate(-100%,0)}.rtl .mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x-y polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,-8px);-moz-transform:translate(-100%,-8px);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,-8px);transform:translate(-100%,-8px)}.rtl .mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,8px);-moz-transform:translate(-100%,8px);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,8px);transform:translate(-100%,8px)}.mwe-popups-settings-icon{display:block;overflow:hidden;font-size:16px;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;padding:3px;float:right;margin:4px 4px 2px 4px;text-indent:-1em;border-radius:2px}.mwe-popups-settings-icon:hover{background-color:#eaecf0}.mwe-popups-settings-icon:active{background-color:#c8ccd1}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-title{display:block;font-weight:bold;margin:0 16px}.mwe-popups-overlay{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);z-index:999;position:fixed;height:100%;width:100%;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}#mwe-popups-svg{position:absolute;top:-1000px}
.mw-collapsible-toggle{float:right;-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default:before{content:'['}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default:after{content:']'}.mw-customtoggle,.mw-collapsible-toggle{cursor:pointer} caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl caption .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:none}</STYLE><STYLE>
.ve-activated .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-editableContent #toc,.ve-activated #siteNotice,.ve-activated .mw-indicators,.ve-activated #t-print,.ve-activated #t-permalink,.ve-activated #p-coll-print_export,.ve-activated #t-cite,.ve-deactivating .ve-ui-surface,.ve-active .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-editableContent,.ve-active .ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget{display:none} .ve-activating .ve-ui-surface{height:0;padding:0 !important; overflow:hidden} .ve-loading #content > :not(.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay), .ve-activated .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-uneditableContent{pointer-events:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;opacity:0.5}.ve-activated #catlinks{cursor:pointer}.ve-activated #catlinks a{opacity:1} .ve-activated #content{position:relative} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay{position:absolute;top:1.25em;left:0;right:0;z-index:1;margin-top:-0.5em}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:1em;overflow:hidden;margin:0 25%}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:1em;width:0}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{transition:height 250ms ease;height:0; } .oo-ui-element-hidden{display:none !important; } .mw-editsection{white-space:nowrap; unicode-bidi:-moz-isolate;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;unicode-bidi:isolate}.mw-editsection-divider{color:#54595d} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:0.75em;border:1px solid #36c;background:#fff;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0.1em 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15)}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:0.75em;background:#36c}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;box-shadow:0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder-open{height:40px} .skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbar,.skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{font-size:0.875em; margin:-1.14em -1.14em 1.14em -1.14em; }@media screen and (min-width:982px){.skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbar,.skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{ margin:-1.43em -1.71em 1.43em -1.71em}}</STYLE><META name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="" />
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector" />
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector" />
<META name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.32.0-wmf.10" />
<META name="referrer" content="origin" />
<META name="referrer" content="origin-when-crossorigin" />
<META name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin" />
<LINK rel="alternate" href="android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_University_of_Vienna" />
<LINK rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit" />
<LINK rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit" />
<LINK rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png" />
<LINK rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico" />
<LINK rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)" />
<LINK rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd" />
<LINK rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" />
<LINK rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_University_of_Vienna" />
<LINK rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org" />
<LINK rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=html5shiv&only=scripts&skin=vector&sync=1"></script><![endif]-->
</HEAD>
<BODY class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Medical_University_of_Vienna rootpage-Medical_University_of_Vienna skin-vector action-view">		<DIV id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></DIV>
		<DIV id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></DIV>
		<DIV id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
			<A id="top"></A>
			<DIV id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><DIV id="centralNotice"></DIV><!-- CentralNotice --></DIV><DIV class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">
</DIV>
<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Medical University of Vienna</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
				<DIV id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</DIV>				<DIV id="contentSub"></DIV>
				<DIV id="jump-to-nav"></DIV>				<A class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</A>
				<A class="mw-jump-link" href="#p-search">Jump to search</A>
				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><TABLE class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><CAPTION class="fn org">Medical University of Vienna</CAPTION><TBODY><TR><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<DIV class="nickname">Medizinische Universität Wien</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<A href="/wiki/File:Meduni-wien.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Meduni-wien.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Meduni-wien.svg/300px-Meduni-wien.svg.png" width="300" height="83" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Meduni-wien.svg/450px-Meduni-wien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Meduni-wien.svg/600px-Meduni-wien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="199" /></A></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Public_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Public University">Public</A></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</TH><TD>
12 march 1365, 1 january 2004</TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><A href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</A></TH><TD>
Markus Müller</TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Administrative staff</DIV></TH><TD>
around 6,000</TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</TH><TD>
around 8,000</TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</TH><TD class="adr">
<SPAN class="locality"><A href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</A></SPAN>, <SPAN class="country-name"><A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</A> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><IMG alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><IMG alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></A></SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</A></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><A href="/wiki/Nobel_Laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Laureates">Nobel Laureates</A></TH><TD>
7 (University of Vienna: 15)</TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><A href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</A></TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</A> and <A href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</A> <SPAN style="background-color:#4682B4; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;">    </SPAN><SPAN style="background-color:#87CEEB; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;">    </SPAN><SPAN style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;">    </SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><A href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</A></TH><TD>
MedUni Wien</TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</TH><TD>
<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/homepage/">www.meduniwien.ac.at</A></TD></TR><TR><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
Data as of  2016<SUP class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit">[update]</A></SUP></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The <B>Medical University of Vienna</B> (<A href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</A>: <I>Medizinische Universität Wien</I>) is a public <A href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</A> located in <A href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</A>, <A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</A>. It is the direct successor to the <A href="/wiki/Faculty_of_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of medicine">faculty of medicine</A> at the <A href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</A>, founded in 1365 by <A href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria</A>. As one of the <A href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest medical schools in the world</A>, it is the oldest in the German-speaking countries, and was the second medical faculty in the <A href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</A>, after the <A href="/wiki/Charles_University_of_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University of Prague">Charles University of Prague</A>.
</P><P>The Medical University of Vienna is the largest medical organisation in Austria, as well as one of the top-level research institutions in <A href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</A> and provides Europe's largest hospital, the <A href="/wiki/Vienna_General_Hospital" title="Vienna General Hospital">Vienna General Hospital</A>, with all of its medical staff.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP>
It consists of 31 university clinics and clinical institutes, and 12 medical-theoretical departments, which perform around 48,000 <A href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">operations</A> each year. The Vienna General Hospital has about 100,000 <A href="/wiki/Patients" class="mw-redirect" title="Patients">patients</A> treated as inpatients and 605,000 treated as outpatients each year.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP>
</P><P>There have been seven <A href="/wiki/Nobel_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel prize">Nobel prize</A> laureates affiliated with the medical faculty, and fifteen in total with the University of Vienna. These include <A href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bárány">Robert Bárány</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</A><SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</A>, the discoverer of the ABO <A href="/wiki/Blood_type" title="Blood type">blood type</A> system and the <A href="/wiki/Rhesus_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus factor">Rhesus factor</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</A> qualified as a doctor at the medical faculty and worked as a doctor and lecturer at the General Hospital,<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP> carrying out research into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy.<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP>
</P><P>In the 2014–15 Times Higher Education Rankings, the Medical University of Vienna is listed among the top 15 medical schools in <A href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</A> and  49th in the world. (Clinical, Pre-Clinical and Health).<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP>
</P><P>In 2016, there were 6,093 applicants for 660 places in medicine proper and 80 in dentistry, which corresponds to an admission rate of about 12.14%.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP> Admission is based upon ranking in an admission test called "MedAT", which is carried out every summer in conjunction with the three other public medical schools of Austria: the <A href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Graz" title="Medical University of Graz">Medical University of Graz</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Innsbruck" title="Medical University of Innsbruck">Medical University of Innsbruck</A> and the Medical Faculty at the <A href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler_University_Linz" title="Johannes Kepler University Linz">Johannes Kepler University Linz</A>.
</P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc"><DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><H2>Contents</H2><SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Founding"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Founding</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><A href="#From_the_middle_ages_to_the_Age_of_Enlightenment"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">From the middle ages to the Age of Enlightenment</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><A href="#At_the_height_of_the_Austro–Hungarian_Empire"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">At the height of the Austro–Hungarian Empire</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><A href="#During_the_Second_World_War"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">During the Second World War</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><A href="#After_the_Second_World_War"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">After the Second World War</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><A href="#From_the_Faculty_of_Medicine_of_the_University_of_Vienna_to_the_Medical_University_of_Vienna"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">From the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna to the Medical University of Vienna</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Faculty_and_Alumni"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Faculty and Alumni</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Faculty"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Faculty</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><A href="#Nobel_Prize_recipients"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Nobel Prize recipients</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><A href="#Notable_Faculty"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notable Faculty</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="#Studies"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Studies</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><A href="#Museum"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Museum</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>

<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Founding">Founding</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Muw_herbst.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Muw_herbst.jpg/220px-Muw_herbst.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Muw_herbst.jpg/330px-Muw_herbst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Muw_herbst.jpg/440px-Muw_herbst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Muw_herbst.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Department of studies, Medical University of Vienna.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG/220px-AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG/330px-AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG/440px-AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:AKH_Wien_MedUniWien.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>View of Vienna, Austria at dusk from the roof of the Vienna General Hospital (AKH Wien).</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="From_the_middle_ages_to_the_Age_of_Enlightenment">From the middle ages to the <A href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</A></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: From the middle ages to the Age of Enlightenment">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>As the founding member of the <I>Alma mater Rudolfina</I> (<A href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</A>) founded in 1365, the medical faculty was already widely renowned in <A href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</A> times as an authority in medicine. Faculty records from as far back as 1399 document its mediation in disputes between barber surgeons, midwives, and local landowners. During the reign of <A href="/wiki/Maria_Theresia" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresia">Maria Theresia</A>, Viennese medicine first attained international significance. The Habsburg Monarch summoned the Dutch physician, <A href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Swieten" title="Gerard van Swieten">Gerard van Swieten</A>, to Vienna. He in turn laid the foundation for the Vienna Medical School and paved the way for other leading figures. <A href="/wiki/Anton_de_Haen" title="Anton de Haen">Anton de Haen</A>, <A href="/wiki/Maximilian_Stoll" title="Maximilian Stoll">Maximilian Stoll</A>, <A href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenz_Gasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenz Gasser (page does not exist)">Lorenz Gasser</A>, <A href="/wiki/Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck" title="Anton von Störck">Anton von Störck</A>, and the discoverer of the <A href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</A> technique, <A href="/wiki/Leopold_Auenbrugger" title="Leopold Auenbrugger">Leopold Auenbrugger</A>, all taught and conducted research in the imperial city. Based on longstanding traditions, what now is referred to as "bedside teaching" also became the paradigmatic educational method during this period.
</P><P>When the Vienna General Hospital opened in 1784, physicians acquired a new facility that gradually developed into the most important research center. During the 19th century, the "Second Viennese Medical School" emerged with the contributions of physicians such as <A href="/wiki/Karl_Rokitansky" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Rokitansky">Karl Rokitansky</A>, <A href="/wiki/Josef_Skoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Skoda">Josef Skoda</A>, <A href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Hebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand von Hebra">Ferdinand von Hebra</A> and <A href="/wiki/Ignaz_Philipp_Semmelweis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis">Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis</A>. Basic medical science expanded and specialization advanced. Furthermore, the first <A href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">dermatology</A>, <A href="/wiki/Eye" title="Eye">eye</A>, as well as <A href="/wiki/Otolaryngology" class="mw-redirect" title="Otolaryngology">otolaryngology</A> clinics in the world were founded in Vienna.<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP>
</P>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Wien-Alsergrund,-Spitalgasse-4,-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-(1898).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wien-Alsergrund%2C-Spitalgasse-4%2C-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-%281898%29.jpg/220px-Wien-Alsergrund%2C-Spitalgasse-4%2C-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-%281898%29.jpg" width="220" height="113" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wien-Alsergrund%2C-Spitalgasse-4%2C-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-%281898%29.jpg/330px-Wien-Alsergrund%2C-Spitalgasse-4%2C-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-%281898%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wien-Alsergrund%2C-Spitalgasse-4%2C-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-%281898%29.jpg/440px-Wien-Alsergrund%2C-Spitalgasse-4%2C-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-%281898%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1211" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Wien-Alsergrund,-Spitalgasse-4,-Pathologisch-Anatomisches-Institut-(1898).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>The Pathological–Anatomical Institute in 1898.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<H4><SPAN id="At_the_height_of_the_Austro.E2.80.93Hungarian_Empire"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="At_the_height_of_the_Austro–Hungarian_Empire">At the height of the <A href="/wiki/Austro%E2%80%93Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro–Hungarian Empire">Austro–Hungarian Empire</A></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: At the height of the Austro–Hungarian Empire">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>At the beginning of the 20th century, Viennese Medicine belonged to the first class internationally. <A href="/wiki/Clemens_von_Pirquet" title="Clemens von Pirquet">Clemens von Pirquet</A> defined the concepts of "allergy" and "serum sickness," <A href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Peter_Pick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Peter Pick (page does not exist)">Ernst Peter Pick</A> conducted significant experiments on the chemical specificity of immunological reactions, and the Vienna School of Dentistry (founded by <A href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Gotlieb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernhard Gotlieb (page does not exist)">Bernhard Gotlieb</A>) reached its zenith in the 1920s. All four Nobel Prizes, which were granted to (former) Viennese physicians during the next decades <A href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bárány">Robert Bárány</A> (1914), <A href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</A> (1927), <A href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</A> (1930), and <A href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</A> (1936)], were the result of work undertaken at this time. The excellent tradition and research extended well into the <A href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">First Austrian Republic</A>. Under the auspices of the Medical Association of Vienna, which was founded in Vienna, well-received postgraduate courses for doctors worldwide were organized into the 1930s.
</P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="During_the_Second_World_War">During the Second World War</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: During the Second World War">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>With the annexation of Austria by <A href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Germany">National Socialist Germany</A> on 13 March 1938 the darkest phase in Viennese medicine began. More than half of the University medical instructors, mostly those of <A href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</A> descent, and 65% of Viennese physicians were dismissed. Many renowned researchers, physicians, and students were forced to <A href="/wiki/Emigrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrate">emigrate</A> or died in <A href="/wiki/Concentration_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentration camps">concentration camps</A> and under other tragic circumstances.
</P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="After_the_Second_World_War">After the Second World War</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After the Second World War">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>In the aftermath of <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A> difficult years lay ahead of the University. The past glory had faded considerably. Moreover, 75% of all university medical instructors had to be dismissed because of their moderate to heavy involvement with the National Socialist regime. They were gradually replaced by a newly trained generation of educators. This double rupture in Viennese Medicine, which occurred in just a few years, caused repercussions that lasted for long after the war.<SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="From_the_Faculty_of_Medicine_of_the_University_of_Vienna_to_the_Medical_University_of_Vienna">From the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna to the Medical University of Vienna</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: From the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna to the Medical University of Vienna">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg/220px-University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg/330px-University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg/440px-University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:University_Vienna_Oct._2006_002.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>The Medical University of Vienna was the University of Vienna's faculty of medicine during 639 years before becoming a wholly independent university.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>After the independence of the medical faculty as an independent institution the newly founded pure medical university could reposition itself in international research and regain international recognition.<SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP> For example, in the fields of <A href="/w/index.php?title=Bionic_reconstruction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bionic reconstruction (page does not exist)">bionic reconstruction</A>, some notable results could be achieved. A <A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</A> soldier who lost his arm during the <A href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan war</A> received a bionic reconstruction at the department of surgery of the <A href="/wiki/Vienna_General_Hospital" title="Vienna General Hospital">Vienna General Hospital</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP>
Furthermore, the Vienna General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna are the largest centre for lung transplantation in Europe and the second-largest lung transplantation centre worldwide after the <A href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</A>. Up until 2009, over 1,000 lung transplants had been performed and currently about 100 transplantations are carried out per year.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The Medical University of Vienna is the reference center of <A href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</A> for the seven <A href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit)" title="Tesla (unit)">Tesla</A> <A href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</A> scanner "MAGNETOM 7T". Founded in 2003, the High Field MR Centre (HFMR) acts today as a core research facility for the Medical University of Vienna. It combines basic research and development of methods with a strong focus on applications in neuroscience, musculoskeletal research, oncology and metabolism. The declared goal is to validate the potential of ultra-high field (UHF) MRI in clinical applications.<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Faculty_and_Alumni">Faculty and Alumni</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Faculty and Alumni">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The Medical University of Vienna, through its history as the University of Vienna's Faculty of Medicine, has a long history of teaching and research. Some of the personalities having taught and learned at the institution are included in the following lists.
</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Faculty">Faculty</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Faculty">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Nobel_Prize_recipients">Nobel Prize recipients</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nobel Prize recipients">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<TABLE class="wikitable">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>
</TH>
<TH>Name
</TH>
<TH>Year
</TH>
<TH>Nobel Prize in
</TH>
<TH>Awarded for
</TH>
<TH>Field
</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Robert_Barany.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Robert Barany.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Robert_Barany.jpg/125px-Robert_Barany.jpg" width="125" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Robert_Barany.jpg/187px-Robert_Barany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Robert_Barany.jpg/250px-Robert_Barany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1382" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Róbert Bárány">Róbert Bárány</A>
</TD>
<TD>1914
</TD>
<TD>Physiology or Medicine
</TD>
<TD>"his work on the physiology and pathology of the <A href="/wiki/Vestibular_system" title="Vestibular system">vestibular apparatus</A>"
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otorhinolaryngology</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Julius Wagner-Jauregg.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg/112px-Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg" width="112" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg/168px-Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg/225px-Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1185" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</A>
</TD>
<TD>1927
</TD>
<TD>Physiology or Medicine
</TD>
<TD>"his discovery of the therapeutic value of <A href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</A> <A href="/wiki/Inoculation" title="Inoculation">inoculation</A> in the treatment of <A href="/wiki/Dementia_paralytica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dementia paralytica">dementia paralytica</A>"
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Neurophysiology" title="Neurophysiology">Neurophysiology</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Hans_Fischer_(Nobel).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Hans Fischer (Nobel).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hans_Fischer_%28Nobel%29.jpg/127px-Hans_Fischer_%28Nobel%29.jpg" width="127" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hans_Fischer_%28Nobel%29.jpg/191px-Hans_Fischer_%28Nobel%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hans_Fischer_%28Nobel%29.jpg/254px-Hans_Fischer_%28Nobel%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</A>
</TD>
<TD>1930
</TD>
<TD>Chemistry
</TD>
<TD>"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of <A href="/wiki/Haemin" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemin">haemin</A>"
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Natural_product_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural product chemistry">Natural products chemistry</A>, <A href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">Organic chemistry</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Karl_Landsteiner,_1920s..jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Karl Landsteiner, 1920s..jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Karl_Landsteiner%2C_1920s..jpg/130px-Karl_Landsteiner%2C_1920s..jpg" width="130" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Karl_Landsteiner%2C_1920s..jpg/195px-Karl_Landsteiner%2C_1920s..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Karl_Landsteiner%2C_1920s..jpg/260px-Karl_Landsteiner%2C_1920s..jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="829" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</A>
</TD>
<TD>1930
</TD>
<TD>Physiology or Medicine
</TD>
<TD>"his discovery of <A href="/wiki/Human_Blood_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Blood groups">human blood groups</A>"
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Otto_Loewi.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Otto Loewi.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Otto_Loewi.jpg/126px-Otto_Loewi.jpg" width="126" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Otto_Loewi.jpg/189px-Otto_Loewi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Otto_Loewi.jpg/252px-Otto_Loewi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="3872" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</A>
</TD>
<TD>1936
</TD>
<TD>Physiology or Medicine
</TD>
<TD>"their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of <A href="/wiki/Nerve_impulses" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve impulses">nerve impulses</A>"
<P>– jointly awarded with <A href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Sir Henry Hallett Dale</A>
</P>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Neurophysiology" title="Neurophysiology">Neurophysiology</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Richard Kuhn ETH-Bib Dia 248-065.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg/121px-Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg" width="121" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg/182px-Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg/243px-Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="594" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</A>
</TD>
<TD>1938
</TD>
<TD>Chemistry
</TD>
<TD>"his work on <A href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</A> and <A href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</A>"
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Natural_product_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural product chemistry">Natural products chemistry</A>, <A href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">Organic chemistry</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Max_Perutz.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Max Perutz.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Max_Perutz.jpg/152px-Max_Perutz.jpg" width="152" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Max_Perutz.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="206" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</A>
</TD>
<TD>1962
</TD>
<TD>Chemistry
</TD>
<TD>"their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
<P>– awarded jointly with <A href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Cowdery Kendrew</A>
</P>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</A>, Structural <A href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</A>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notable_Faculty">Notable Faculty</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable Faculty">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<TABLE class="wikitable">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>
</TH>
<TH>Name
</TH>
<TH>Lived
</TH>
<TH>Fields
</TH>
<TH>Known for
</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Gerard_van_Swieten_Litho.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Gerard van Swieten Litho.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gerard_van_Swieten_Litho.jpg/120px-Gerard_van_Swieten_Litho.jpg" width="120" height="181" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gerard_van_Swieten_Litho.jpg/180px-Gerard_van_Swieten_Litho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gerard_van_Swieten_Litho.jpg/239px-Gerard_van_Swieten_Litho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="2500" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Swieten" title="Gerard van Swieten">Gerard van Swieten</A>
</TD>
<TD>1700–1772
</TD>
<TD>Medicine
</TD>
<TD>being court physician to <A href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Empress</A> <A href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresia</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Anton-de-Haen.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Anton-de-Haen.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Anton-de-Haen.jpg/120px-Anton-de-Haen.jpg" width="120" height="160" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Anton-de-Haen.jpg/180px-Anton-de-Haen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Anton-de-Haen.jpg/240px-Anton-de-Haen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="350" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Anton_de_Haen" title="Anton de Haen">Anton de Haen</A>
</TD>
<TD>1704–1776
</TD>
<TD>Medicine
</TD>
<TD>being one of the first physicians to make routine use of the <A href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</A> in medicine, and perceived that <A href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</A> was a valuable indication of illness and health
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Maximilian_Stoll.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Maximilian Stoll.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Maximilian_Stoll.jpg/120px-Maximilian_Stoll.jpg" width="120" height="130" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Maximilian_Stoll.jpg/180px-Maximilian_Stoll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Maximilian_Stoll.jpg/240px-Maximilian_Stoll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="780" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Maximilian_Stoll" title="Maximilian Stoll">Maximilian Stoll</A>
</TD>
<TD>1742–1787
</TD>
<TD>Medicine
</TD>
<TD>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg/120px-Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg" width="120" height="144" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg/180px-Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg/240px-Leopold-von-auenbrugger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Leopold_Auenbrugger" title="Leopold Auenbrugger">Leopold Auenbrugger</A>
</TD>
<TD>1722–1809
</TD>
<TD>Medicine
</TD>
<TD>invented <A href="/wiki/Percussion_(medicine)" title="Percussion (medicine)">percussion</A> as a <A href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnostic</A> technique, because of the strength of this discovery considered one of the founders of modern medicine
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck_2.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Anton von Störck 2.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck_2.jpg/120px-Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck_2.jpg" width="120" height="159" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck_2.jpg/180px-Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck_2.jpg/239px-Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1311" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Anton_von_St%C3%B6rck" title="Anton von Störck">Anton von Störck</A>
</TD>
<TD>1731–1803
</TD>
<TD>Medicine
</TD>
<TD>his clinical research of various <A href="/wiki/Herbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs">herbs</A>, and their associated <A href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxicity</A> and medicinal properties. His studies are considered to be the pioneering work of experimental <A href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">pharmacology</A> and his method can be regarded as forming a blueprint for the <A href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</A> of modern medicine
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Frank" title="Johann Peter Frank">Johann Peter Frank</A>
</TD>
<TD>1745–1821
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">Hygiene</A>, <A href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</A>
</TD>
<TD>being credited as the first physician to describe clinical differences between <A href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</A> and <A href="/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus" title="Diabetes insipidus">diabetes insipidus</A>, also credited as one of the first thinkers of public <A href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">Hygiene</A> and of a <A href="/wiki/Social_medicine" title="Social medicine">social medical</A> oriented health service
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Dr._Lucas_Johann_Boer,_Vignetted_Head_Wellcome_M0008510.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Dr. Lucas Johann Boer, Vignetted Head Wellcome M0008510.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dr._Lucas_Johann_Boer%2C_Vignetted_Head_Wellcome_M0008510.jpg/120px-Dr._Lucas_Johann_Boer%2C_Vignetted_Head_Wellcome_M0008510.jpg" width="120" height="165" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dr._Lucas_Johann_Boer%2C_Vignetted_Head_Wellcome_M0008510.jpg/180px-Dr._Lucas_Johann_Boer%2C_Vignetted_Head_Wellcome_M0008510.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dr._Lucas_Johann_Boer%2C_Vignetted_Head_Wellcome_M0008510.jpg/239px-Dr._Lucas_Johann_Boer%2C_Vignetted_Head_Wellcome_M0008510.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2892" data-file-height="3984" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Johann_Lucas_Bo%C3%ABr" title="Johann Lucas Boër">Johann Lucas Boër</A>
</TD>
<TD>1751–1835
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</A>, <A href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</A>
</TD>
<TD>established the field of obstetrics as an independent specialty
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Georg_Joseph_Beer.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Georg Joseph Beer.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Georg_Joseph_Beer.jpg/120px-Georg_Joseph_Beer.jpg" width="120" height="154" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Georg_Joseph_Beer.jpg/180px-Georg_Joseph_Beer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Georg_Joseph_Beer.jpg/241px-Georg_Joseph_Beer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1118" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Georg_Joseph_Beer" title="Georg Joseph Beer">Georg Joseph Beer</A>
</TD>
<TD>1763–1821
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</A>
</TD>
<TD>introducing a flap operation for treatment of <A href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataracts</A> (Beer's operation), as well as popularizing the instrument used to perform the surgery (Beer's knife)
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Rokitansky_Carl.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Rokitansky Carl.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rokitansky_Carl.jpg/120px-Rokitansky_Carl.jpg" width="120" height="158" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Rokitansky_Carl.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="189" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Carl_von_Rokitansky" title="Carl von Rokitansky">Carl von Rokitansky</A>
</TD>
<TD>1804–1878
</TD>
<TD>physician, <A href="/wiki/Pathologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathologist">pathologist</A>, humanist <A href="/wiki/Philosopher" title="Philosopher">philosopher</A> and liberal politician
</TD>
<TD>Rokitansky's name is associated with the following diseases/morphologic features of disease:
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Superior_Mesenteric_Artery_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome">Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/M%C3%BCllerian_agenesis" title="Müllerian agenesis">Müllerian agenesis</A> (aka "Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome")</LI>
<LI>Rokitansky's diverticulum</LI>
<LI>Rokitansky's triad (<A href="/wiki/Pulmonary_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary stenosis">pulmonary stenosis</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rokitansky-Aschoff_sinuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses">Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses</A> (in the <A href="/wiki/Gallbladder" title="Gallbladder">gallbladder</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rokitansky-Cushing_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rokitansky-Cushing ulcer">Rokitansky-Cushing ulcer</A></LI>
<LI>Rokitansky-Maude Abbott syndrome</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Von_Rokitansky%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Rokitansky's syndrome">Von Rokitansky's syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rokitansky_nodule" title="Rokitansky nodule">Rokitansky nodule</A> – teratomas</LI>
<LI>Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (<A href="/wiki/Levo-Transposition_of_the_great_arteries" title="Levo-Transposition of the great arteries">levo-Transposition of the great arteries</A>)</LI></UL>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Theodor_Billroth.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Theodor Billroth.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Theodor_Billroth.jpg/120px-Theodor_Billroth.jpg" width="120" height="158" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Theodor_Billroth.jpg/180px-Theodor_Billroth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Theodor_Billroth.jpg/240px-Theodor_Billroth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="389" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Theodor_Billroth" title="Theodor Billroth">Theodor Billroth</A>
</TD>
<TD>1829–1894
</TD>
<TD>founding father of modern <A href="/wiki/Abdominal_surgery" title="Abdominal surgery">abdominal surgery</A>, amateur musician
</TD>
<TD>first <A href="/wiki/Esophagectomy" title="Esophagectomy">esophagectomy</A> (1871), first <A href="/wiki/Laryngectomy" title="Laryngectomy">laryngectomy</A> (1873), and most famously, the first successful <A href="/wiki/Gastrectomy" title="Gastrectomy">gastrectomy</A> (1881) for <A href="/wiki/Gastric_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric cancer">gastric cancer</A>, first describer of the <A href="/wiki/Billroth_II" title="Billroth II">Billroth II-operation</A> (still in use today)
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud,_by_Max_Halberstadt_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/124px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="124" height="169" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/187px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/248px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="2240" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</A>
</TD>
<TD>1856–1939
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurologist</A>, founder of <A href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</A>
</TD>
<TD>creation of the field of <A href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</A>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Oskar_Hirsch" title="Oskar Hirsch">Oskar Hirsch</A>
</TD>
<TD>1877–1965
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Otolaryngologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Otolaryngologist">otolaryngologist</A>
</TD>
<TD>pioneered <A href="/wiki/Transsphenoidal_surgery" title="Transsphenoidal surgery">transphenoidal surgery</A> for <A href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</A> surgery, together with <A href="/wiki/Harvey_Cushing" title="Harvey Cushing">Harvey Cushing</A> laid the foundation for modern <A href="/wiki/Transsphenoidal_surgery" title="Transsphenoidal surgery">transsphenoidal surgery</A><SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><DIV class="center"><DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Viktor_Frankl2.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Viktor Frankl2.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Viktor_Frankl2.jpg/120px-Viktor_Frankl2.jpg" width="120" height="132" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Viktor_Frankl2.jpg/180px-Viktor_Frankl2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Viktor_Frankl2.jpg/240px-Viktor_Frankl2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1100" /></A></DIV></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Viktor_Frankl" title="Viktor Frankl">Viktor Frankl</A>
</TD>
<TD>1905–1997
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurologist</A> and <A href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatrist</A>, Holocaust survivor
</TD>
<TD>founding the field <A href="/wiki/Logotherapy" title="Logotherapy">logotherapy</A>, which is a form of <A href="/wiki/Existential_therapy" title="Existential therapy">existential analysis</A>, the "Third Viennese School of <A href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</A>"
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Studies">Studies</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Studies">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Currently, there are five eligible programmes:
</P>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">Dentistry</A></LI></UL>
<P>Medicine and dentistry both are of a duration of six years and require higher education entrance qualification. In <A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</A> and <A href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</A> this would correspond to a <A href="/wiki/Matura" title="Matura">Matura</A>, in <A href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</A> the <A href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</A> or similar qualifications from other <A href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</A> countries.
Language of instruction is <A href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</A>, but usually students are expected to be able to be fluent in <A href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</A>. A diploma thesis is required to graduate and can be written in German or English.
</P><P>The courses of study lead to the degree of "Dr. med. univ." for medical doctors and "Dr. med. dent." for dentists, which correspond to <A href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</A> in the <A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</A> or MBBS or MBChB in the <A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</A>.
Graduates have the right to move freely within the <A href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</A> and to start a specialty training.
</P>
<UL><LI>Medical informatics</LI></UL>
<P>Medical informatics is a master's degree and requires a bachelor's degree (<A href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</A>) for application.
</P>
<UL><LI>Programme of Applied medical science</LI>
<LI>PhD</LI></UL>
<P>Applied medical science and PhD both are postdoc programmes i.e. require a medical degree or similar.
For students of the university, possibility is given to start the PhD-programme during the medical programme.
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Museum">Museum</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Museum">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Josephinum_P2.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Josephinum_P2.JPG/220px-Josephinum_P2.JPG" width="220" height="91" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Josephinum_P2.JPG/330px-Josephinum_P2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Josephinum_P2.JPG/440px-Josephinum_P2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7660" data-file-height="3168" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Josephinum_P2.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>The early-classicistic Josephinum was built in 1785 under <A href="/wiki/Joseph_II_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph II of Austria">Joseph II of Austria</A>. It now houses the museum for anatomical wax models and, along with the Florentine Library, is among the largest in Europe.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The Museum of the Medical University is mainly housed in the "Josephinum", designed and built in 1783-1785 to house the medical-surgical academy.
The building includes a six-room collection of 1,192 wax anatomical and obstrectical models made in Florence by <A href="/wiki/Clemente_Susini" title="Clemente Susini">Clemente Susini</A> under the supervision of <A href="/wiki/Paolo_Mascagni" title="Paolo Mascagni">Paolo Mascagni</A> between 1784 and 1788.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/content/general-information/medical-university-of-vienna-research-institution-of-international-acclaim/largest-and-longest-standing-medical-research-institution-in-austria/">"Largest and longest-standing medical research institution in Austria"</A>. Medical University of Vienna<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+and+longest-standing+medical+research+institution+in+Austria&rft.pub=Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meduniwien.ac.at%2Fhomepage%2F1%2Fcontent%2Fgeneral-information%2Fmedical-university-of-vienna-research-institution-of-international-acclaim%2Flargest-and-longest-standing-medical-research-institution-in-austria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/content/general-information/facts-figures/">"Facts & Figures"</A>. Medical University of Vienna<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+%26+Figures&rft.pub=Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meduniwien.ac.at%2Fhomepage%2F1%2Fcontent%2Fgeneral-information%2Ffacts-figures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1914/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914 – Robert Bárány"</A>. Nobelprize.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+1914+%E2%80%93+Robert+B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1914%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1927/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg"</A>. Nobelprize.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+1927+%E2%80%93+Julius+Wagner-Jauregg&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1927%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930 – Karl Landsteiner"</A>. Nobelprize.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+1930+%E2%80%93+Karl+Landsteiner&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1930%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Landsteiner K (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe". <I>Zentralblatt Bakteriologie</I>. <B>27</B>: 357–62.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zentralblatt+Bakteriologie&rft.atitle=Zur+Kenntnis+der+antifermentativen%2C+lytischen+und+agglutinierenden+Wirkungen+des+Blutserums+und+der+Lymphe&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=357-62&rft.date=1900&rft.au=Landsteiner+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Noel Sheehy, Alexandra Forsythe (2013). "Sigmund Freud". <I>Fifty Key Thinkers in Psychology</I>. Routledge. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134704933" title="Special:BookSources/1134704933">1134704933</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sigmund+Freud&rft.btitle=Fifty+Key+Thinkers+in+Psychology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=1134704933&rft.au=Noel+Sheehy%2C+Alexandra+Forsythe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Eric R. Kandel  <I>The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present</I>. New York: Random House 2012, pp. 45-46.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2014-15/subject-ranking/subject/clinical-pre-clinical-health">"Top 100 universities for Clinical, pre-clinical and health 2014-15"</A>. Times Higher Education<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-10-01</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+100+universities+for+Clinical%2C+pre-clinical+and+health+2014-15&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2014-15%2Fsubject-ranking%2Fsubject%2Fclinical-pre-clinical-health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/news-und-topstories/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=6725&cHash=c556b659fd35a50c2af5f1cf77d650f3">"Gemeinsame Aufnahmetests zum Medizinstudium in Österreich: Insgesamt 12.160 InteressentInnen nahmen teil"</A>. Medical University of Vienna<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 17,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gemeinsame+Aufnahmetests+zum+Medizinstudium+in+%C3%96sterreich%3A+Insgesamt+12.160+InteressentInnen+nahmen+teil&rft.pub=Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meduniwien.ac.at%2Fhomepage%2Fnews-und-topstories%2F%3Ftx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D6725%26cHash%3Dc556b659fd35a50c2af5f1cf77d650f3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/content/general-information/history-of-the-medical-university-of-vienna/glorious-peaks-and-painful-depths-viennese-medicine/">"History of the Medical University of Vienna"</A>. Medical University of Vienna<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft.pub=Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meduniwien.ac.at%2Fhomepage%2F1%2Fcontent%2Fgeneral-information%2Fhistory-of-the-medical-university-of-vienna%2Fglorious-peaks-and-painful-depths-viennese-medicine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/content/general-information/history-of-the-medical-university-of-vienna/glorious-peaks-and-painful-depths-viennese-medicine/">"History of the Medical University of Vienna"</A>. Medical University of Vienna<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft.pub=Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meduniwien.ac.at%2Fhomepage%2F1%2Fcontent%2Fgeneral-information%2Fhistory-of-the-medical-university-of-vienna%2Fglorious-peaks-and-painful-depths-viennese-medicine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2013-14/subject-ranking/subject/clinical-pre-clinical-health">"Top 100 universities for Clinical, pre-clinical and health 2013-14"</A>. Times Higher Education<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+100+universities+for+Clinical%2C+pre-clinical+and+health+2013-14&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2013-14%2Fsubject-ranking%2Fsubject%2Fclinical-pre-clinical-health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-25320455">"Soldier Andrew Garthwaite moves bionic arm by thoughts"</A>. BBC<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soldier+Andrew+Garthwaite+moves+bionic+arm+by+thoughts&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-tyne-25320455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/fileadmin/HP-Relaunch/pdforganisation/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/presse/PA_Bionik_CD-Labor.pdf">"MedUni Wien und AKH Wien bauen internationale Top-Position für die Versorgung mit bionischen Hi-Tech-Prothesen aus"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Department of surgery, Medical University of Vienna<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MedUni+Wien+und+AKH+Wien+bauen+internationale+Top-Position+f%C3%BCr+die+Versorgung+mit+bionischen+Hi-Tech-Prothesen+aus&rft.pub=Department+of+surgery%2C+Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meduniwien.ac.at%2Fhomepage%2Ffileadmin%2FHP-Relaunch%2Fpdforganisation%2Foeffentlichkeitsarbeit%2Fpresse%2FPA_Bionik_CD-Labor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502131608/http://www.ehltf.info/joomla/index.php/en/news/archives/373-4d87705002e01">"20 Years of Lung Transplantation in Austria"</A>. European Heart and Lung Transplant Federation. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehltf.info/joomla/index.php/en/news/archives/373-4d87705002e01">the original</A> on 2014-05-02<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20+Years+of+Lung+Transplantation+in+Austria&rft.pub=European+Heart+and+Lung+Transplant+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehltf.info%2Fjoomla%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F373-4d87705002e01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthcare.siemens.com/magnetic-resonance-imaging/reference-center/medical-university-vienna">"Medical University of Vienna MAGNETOM 7T Siemens International Reference Center"</A>. Siemens Healthcare<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+University+of+Vienna+MAGNETOM+7T+Siemens+International+Reference+Center&rft.pub=Siemens+Healthcare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthcare.siemens.com%2Fmagnetic-resonance-imaging%2Freference-center%2Fmedical-university-vienna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Liu, James K.; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A.; Laws, Edward R.; Cole, Chad D.; Kan, Peter; <A href="/w/index.php?title=William_T._Couldwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William T. Couldwell (page does not exist)">Couldwell, William T.</A> (2005-12-01). "Harvey Cushing and Oskar Hirsch: early forefathers of modern transsphenoidal surgery". <I>Journal of Neurosurgery</I>. <B>103</B> (6): 1096–1104. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.103.6.1096">10.3171/jns.2005.103.6.1096</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3085">0022-3085</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16381201">16381201</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurosurgery&rft.atitle=Harvey+Cushing+and+Oskar+Hirsch%3A+early+forefathers+of+modern+transsphenoidal+surgery&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1096-1104&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft.issn=0022-3085&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16381201&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3171%2Fjns.2005.103.6.1096&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=James+K.&rft.au=Cohen-Gadol%2C+Aaron+A.&rft.au=Laws%2C+Edward+R.&rft.au=Cole%2C+Chad+D.&rft.au=Kan%2C+Peter&rft.au=Couldwell%2C+William+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/content/general-information/medical-university-of-vienna-research-institution-of-international-acclaim/cultural-heritage-the-worlds-largest-collection-of-medical-history/">"Cultural heritage"</A>. Medical University of Vienna<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-05-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+heritage&rft.pub=Medical+University+of+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meduniwien.ac.at%2Fhomepage%2F1%2Fcontent%2Fgeneral-information%2Fmedical-university-of-vienna-research-institution-of-international-acclaim%2Fcultural-heritage-the-worlds-largest-collection-of-medical-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wien.info/en/sightseeing/sights/from-g-to-k/museum-medical-university">"Museum of the Medical University"</A>. WienTourismus<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-01-10</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+of+the+Medical+University&rft.pub=WienTourismus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wien.info%2Fen%2Fsightseeing%2Fsights%2Ffrom-g-to-k%2Fmuseum-medical-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+University+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
</OL></DIV></DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL><LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/homepage/">Medical University of Vienna</A></LI></UL>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_Austria_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Austria&#124;link=Austria_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">hide</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Austria" title="Template:Universities and colleges in Austria"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_Austria" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in Austria"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Austria&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="Universities_and_colleges_in_Austria_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Austria&#124;link=Austria_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Austria" title="List of universities in Austria">Universities and colleges</A> in <A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</A> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><IMG alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><IMG alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></A></SPAN></DIV></TH></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Public_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Public University">Public Universities</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Alpen-Adria-Universit%C3%A4t_Klagenfurt" title="Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt">Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Danube_University_Krems" title="Danube University Krems">Danube University Krems</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Graz_University_of_Technology" title="Graz University of Technology">Graz University of Technology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">University of Graz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler_University_Linz" title="Johannes Kepler University Linz">Johannes Kepler University Linz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Innsbruck" title="University of Innsbruck">University of Innsbruck</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Montanuniversit%C3%A4t_Leoben" title="Montanuniversität Leoben">Montanuniversität Leoben</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Salzburg" title="University of Salzburg">University of Salzburg</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/TU_Wien" title="TU Wien">TU Wien</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Natural_Resources_and_Life_Sciences,_Vienna" title="University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna">University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Veterinary_Medicine_Vienna" title="University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna">University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vienna_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Vienna University of Economics and Business">Vienna University of Economics and Business</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Public art schools</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Vienna" title="Academy of Fine Arts Vienna">Academy of Fine Arts Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozarteum_University_Salzburg" title="Mozarteum University Salzburg">Mozarteum University Salzburg</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Music_and_Performing_Arts_Graz" title="University of Music and Performing Arts Graz">University of Music and Performing Arts Graz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Art_and_Design_Linz" title="University of Art and Design Linz">University of Art and Design Linz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Arts_Vienna" title="University of Applied Arts Vienna">University of Applied Arts Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/University_of_Music_and_Performing_Arts_Vienna" title="University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna">University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Public medical schools</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Graz" title="Medical University of Graz">Medical University of Graz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Innsbruck" title="Medical University of Innsbruck">Medical University of Innsbruck</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Medical University of Vienna</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Private_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Private University">Private Universities</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner_Private_University" title="Anton Bruckner Private University">Anton Bruckner Private University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Danube_Private_University" title="Danube Private University">Danube Private University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Catholic_Private_University_Linz" title="Catholic Private University Linz">Catholic Private University Linz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Landsteiner_University_of_Health_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences (page does not exist)">Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences</A><SPAN class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> (<A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner_Privatuniversit%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Gesundheitswissenschaften" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften">de</A>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/MODUL_University_Vienna" title="MODUL University Vienna">MODUL University Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Music_and_Arts_University_of_the_City_of_Vienna" title="Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna">Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/New_Design_University" title="New Design University">New Design University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paracelsus_Medical_University" title="Paracelsus Medical University">Paracelsus Medical University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Private_University_Seeburg_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Private University Seeburg Castle">Private University Seeburg Castle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud_University_Vienna" title="Sigmund Freud University Vienna">Sigmund Freud University Vienna</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/UMIT_-_Private_University_for_Health_Sciences,_Medical_Informatics_and_Technology" title="UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology">UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Webster_University_Vienna" title="Webster University Vienna">Webster University Vienna</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><DIV><B>See also</B>: <A href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Austria" title="List of universities in Austria">List of universities in Austria</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P><SPAN style="font-size: small;"><SPAN id="coordinates"><A href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</A>: <SPAN class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><A class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Medical_University_of_Vienna&params=48_13_12_N_16_21_05_E_region:AT_type:edu"><SPAN class="geo-default"><SPAN class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><SPAN class="latitude">48°13′12″N</SPAN> <SPAN class="longitude">16°21′05″E</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="geo-multi-punct"> / </SPAN><SPAN class="geo-nondefault"><SPAN class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.22000°N 16.35139°E</SPAN><SPAN style="display:none"> / <SPAN class="geo">48.22000; 16.35139</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</P>
<!--
NewPP limit report
Parsed by mw1320
Cached time: 20180707232548
Cache expiry: 1900800
Dynamic content: false
CPU time usage: 0.392 seconds
Real time usage: 0.490 seconds
Preprocessor visited node count: 2205/1000000
Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000
Post‐expand include size: 63017/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 2998/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 16/40
Expensive parser function count: 2/500
Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20
Unstrip post‐expand size: 21955/5000000 bytes
Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400
Lua time usage: 0.151/10.000 seconds
Lua memory usage: 4.51 MB/50 MB
-->
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00%  321.323      1 -total
 45.51%  146.230      1 Template:Reflist
 34.36%  110.408      1 Template:Infobox_university
 30.95%   99.452     16 Template:Cite_web
 29.71%   95.453      1 Template:Infobox
  8.95%   28.766      1 Template:Coord
  7.54%   24.217      1 Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Austria
  7.38%   23.710      2 Template:Br_separated_entries
  6.89%   22.135      1 Template:Navbox
  4.58%   14.721      1 Template:As_of
-->
</DIV>
<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2621065-0!canonical and timestamp 20180707232548 and revision id 846805554
 -->
<NOSCRIPT><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></NOSCRIPT></DIV>					<DIV class="printfooter">
						Retrieved from "<A dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&oldid=846805554">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&oldid=846805554</A>"					</DIV>
				<DIV id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><DIV id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><A href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</A>: <UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Alsergrund" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Alsergrund">Buildings and structures in Alsergrund</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Vienna" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Vienna">Universities and colleges in Vienna</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Healthcare_in_Vienna" title="Category:Healthcare in Vienna">Healthcare in Vienna</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Medical_schools_in_Austria" title="Category:Medical schools in Austria">Medical schools in Austria</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Educational_institutions_established_in_2004" title="Category:Educational institutions established in 2004">Educational institutions established in 2004</A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Instances_of_Infobox_university_using_image_size" title="Category:Instances of Infobox university using image size">Instances of Infobox university using image size</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Interlanguage_link_template_link_number" title="Category:Interlanguage link template link number">Interlanguage link template link number</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</A></LI></UL></DIV></DIV>				<DIV class="visualClear"></DIV>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
		<DIV id="mw-navigation">
			<H2>Navigation menu</H2>
			<DIV id="mw-head">
									<DIV id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">
						<H3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</LI><LI id="pt-anontalk"><A href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]" accesskey="n">Talk</A></LI><LI id="pt-anoncontribs"><A href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</A></LI><LI id="pt-createaccount"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Medical+University+of+Vienna" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</A></LI><LI id="pt-login"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Medical+University+of+Vienna" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]" accesskey="o">Log in</A></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
									<DIV id="left-navigation">
										<DIV id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label">
						<H3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Vienna" title="View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]" accesskey="c">Article</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-talk"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Talk:Medical_University_of_Vienna" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]" accesskey="t">Talk</A></SPAN></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label">
												<INPUT type="checkbox" class="vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" />
						<H3 id="p-variants-label">
							<SPAN>Variants</SPAN>
						</H3>
						<DIV class="menu">
							<UL>
															</UL>
						</DIV>
					</DIV>
									</DIV>
				<DIV id="right-navigation">
										<DIV id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label">
						<H3 id="p-views-label">Views</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Vienna">Read</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-edit" class="collapsible"><SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=edit" title="Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]" accesskey="e">Edit</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]" accesskey="h">View history</A></SPAN></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label">
						<INPUT type="checkbox" class="vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" />
						<H3 id="p-cactions-label"><SPAN>More</SPAN></H3>
						<DIV class="menu">
							<UL>
															</UL>
						</DIV>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-search" role="search">
						<H3>
							<LABEL for="searchInput">Search</LABEL>
						</H3>
						<FORM action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
							<DIV id="simpleSearch">
								<INPUT type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" title="Search Wikipedia [ctrl-alt-f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" tabindex="1" autocomplete="off" /><INPUT type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title" /><INPUT type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton" />							</DIV>
						</FORM>
					</DIV>
									</DIV>
			</DIV>
			<DIV id="mw-panel">
				<DIV id="p-logo" role="banner"><A class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></A></DIV>
						<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label">
			<H3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="n-mainpage-description"><A href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]" accesskey="z">Main page</A></LI><LI id="n-contents"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</A></LI><LI id="n-featuredcontent"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</A></LI><LI id="n-currentevents"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</A></LI><LI id="n-randompage"><A href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]" accesskey="x">Random article</A></LI><LI id="n-sitesupport"><A href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</A></LI><LI id="n-shoplink"><A href="//shop.wikimedia.org" title="Visit the Wikipedia store">Wikipedia store</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label">
			<H3 id="p-interaction-label">Interaction</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="n-help"><A href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</A></LI><LI id="n-aboutsite"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</A></LI><LI id="n-portal"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</A></LI><LI id="n-recentchanges"><A href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</A></LI><LI id="n-contactpage"><A href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact page</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label">
			<H3 id="p-tb-label">Tools</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="t-whatlinkshere"><A href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Medical_University_of_Vienna" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]" accesskey="j">What links here</A></LI><LI id="t-recentchangeslinked"><A href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Medical_University_of_Vienna" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</A></LI><LI id="t-upload"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</A></LI><LI id="t-specialpages"><A href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</A></LI><LI id="t-permalink"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&oldid=846805554" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</A></LI><LI id="t-info"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</A></LI><LI id="t-wikibase"><A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q700731" title="Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</A></LI><LI id="t-cite"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Medical_University_of_Vienna&id=846805554" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label">
			<H3 id="p-coll-print_export-label">Print/export</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="coll-create_a_book"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Medical+University+of+Vienna">Create a book</A></LI><LI id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Medical+University+of+Vienna&action=show-download-screen">Download as PDF</A></LI><LI id="t-print"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label">
			<H3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label">In other projects</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons"><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medical_University_of_Vienna" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label"><BUTTON class="uls-settings-trigger" title="Language settings"></BUTTON>
			<H3 id="p-lang-label">Languages</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جامعة فيينا الطبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Венскі медыцынскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da" style="display: none;"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizinische_Universit%C3%A4t_Wien" title="Medizinische Universität Wien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizinische_Universit%C3%A4t_Wien" title="Medizinische Universität Wien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_m%C3%A9decine_de_Vienne" title="Université de médecine de Vienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Վիեննայի պետական բժշկական համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_medicina_di_Vienna" title="Università di medicina di Vienna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Вена медициналық университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Венский медицинский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyana_T%C4%B1p_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Viyana Tıp Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Віденський медичний університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">4 more</BUTTON></UL>
				<DIV class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><SPAN class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q700731#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</A></SPAN></DIV>			</DIV>
		</DIV>
				</DIV>
		</DIV>
				<DIV id="footer" role="contentinfo">
						<UL id="footer-info">
								<LI id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 June 2018, at 00:45<SPAN class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</SPAN>.</LI>
								<LI id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <A rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</A><A rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></A>;
additional terms may apply.  By using this site, you agree to the <A href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</A> and <A href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</A>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <A href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</A>, a non-profit organization.</LI>
							</UL>
						<UL id="footer-places">
								<LI id="footer-places-privacy"><A href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-about"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-disclaimer"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-contact"><A href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-developers"><A href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><A href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-mobileview"><A href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_University_of_Vienna&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</A></LI>
							<LI style="display: none;"><A href="#">Enable previews</A></LI></UL>
										<UL id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
										<LI id="footer-copyrightico">
						<A href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><IMG src="/static/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" /></A>					</LI>
										<LI id="footer-poweredbyico">
						<A href="//www.mediawiki.org/"><IMG src="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" /></A>					</LI>
									</UL>
						<DIV style="clear: both;"></DIV>
		</DIV>

<DIV id="mwe-popups-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" height="0"><defs><clipPath id="mwe-popups-mask"><polygon points="0 8, 10 8, 18 0, 26 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-mask-flip"><polygon points="0 8, 274 8, 282 0, 290 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-landscape-mask"><polygon points="0 8, 174 8, 182 0, 190 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-landscape-mask-flip"><polygon points="0 0, 1000 0, 1000 242, 190 242, 182 250, 174 242, 0 242"></polygon></clipPath></defs></svg></DIV><DIV class="suggestions" style="display: none; font-size: 13px;"><DIV class="suggestions-results"></DIV><DIV class="suggestions-special"></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>