Client (computing)

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Client (computing)</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<DIV class="mbox-text-span">This article <B>needs additional citations for <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</A></B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please help <A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Client_(computing)&action=edit">improve this article</A> by <A href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">adding citations to reliable sources</A>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(January 2014)</I></SMALL> <SMALL class="hide-when-compact"><I>(<A href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</A>)</I></SMALL></DIV>
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A <A href="/wiki/Computer_network_diagram" title="Computer network diagram">computer network diagram</A> of client computers communicating with a server computer via the <A href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</A></DIV>
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<P>A <B>client</B> is a piece of <A href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">computer hardware</A> or <A href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</A> that accesses a service made available by a <A href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</A>. The server is often (but not always) on another <A href="/wiki/Computer_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer system">computer system</A>, in which case the client accesses the service by way of a <A href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">network</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP> The term applies to the role that programs or devices play in the <A href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client–server model</A>.</P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Overview"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Overview</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Types"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Types</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Thick"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Thick</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Thin"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Thin</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><A href="#Hybrid"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Hybrid</SPAN></A></LI>
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<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Client_(computing)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>A client is a computer or a program that, as part of its operation, relies on sending a request to another program or a computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server(which may or may not be located on another computer). For example, <A href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</A> are clients that connect to <A href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web servers</A> and retrieve <A href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</A> for display. <A href="/wiki/Email_client" title="Email client">Email clients</A> retrieve <A href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</A> from <A href="/wiki/Mail_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail server">mail servers</A>. <A href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">Online chat</A> uses a variety of clients, which vary depending on the chat protocol being used. <A href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer video games</A> or <A href="/wiki/Online_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Online video game">online video games</A> may run as a client on each computer. The term "client" may also be applied to computers or devices that run the client software or users that use the client software.</P>
<P>A client is part of a <A href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client–server model</A>, which is still used today. Clients and servers may be computer programs run on the same machine and connect via <A href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">inter-process communication</A> techniques. Combined with <A href="/wiki/Internet_socket" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet socket">Internet sockets</A>, programs may connect to a service operating on a possibly remote system through the <A href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</A>. Servers wait for potential clients to initiate connections that they may accept.</P>
<P>The term was first applied to <A href="/wiki/Peripheral_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral device">devices</A> that were not capable of running their own stand-alone <A href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">programs</A>, but could interact with remote computers via a network. These <A href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">computer terminals</A> were clients of the <A href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">time-sharing</A> <A href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe computer</A>.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Types">Types</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Client_(computing)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE class="wikitable floatright">
<CAPTION>Client types and their features</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TD></TD>
<TH><SMALL>Relies on<BR />
local storage</SMALL></TH>
<TH><SMALL>Relies on<BR />
local <A href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</A></SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Fat client</TH>
<TD style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</TD>
<TD style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Hybrid client</TH>
<TD style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</TD>
<TD style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Thin client</TH>
<TD style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</TD>
<TD style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</TD>
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<P>In one classification, client computers and devices are either <A href="/wiki/Thick_client" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick client">thick clients</A>, <A href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">thin clients</A>, or <A href="/wiki/Hybrid_client" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid client">hybrid clients</A>.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Thick">Thick</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Client_(computing)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Thick">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Thick_client" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick client">Thick client</A></DIV>
<P>A <I>Thick client</I>, also known as a <I>rich client</I> or <I>fat client</I>, is a client that performs the bulk of any data processing operations itself, and does not necessarily rely on the <A href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</A> is a common example of a fat client, because of its relatively large set of features and capabilities and its light reliance upon a server. For example, a computer running an <A href="/w/index.php?title=Art_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art program (page does not exist)">Art program</A> (such as <A href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita">Krita</A> or <A href="/wiki/Sketchup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sketchup">Sketchup</A>) that ultimately shares the result of its work on a network is a thick client. A computer that runs almost entirely as a standalone machine save to send or receive files via a network is by standard called a <A href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstation</A>.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Thin">Thin</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Client_(computing)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thin">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">Thin client</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:PCExpanion.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PCExpanion.jpg/220px-PCExpanion.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PCExpanion.jpg/330px-PCExpanion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PCExpanion.jpg/440px-PCExpanion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></A>
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A thin client</DIV>
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<P>A <I>thin client</I> is a minimal sort of client. Thin <I>clients</I> use the resources of the host computer. A thin client generally only presents processed data provided by an <A href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">application server</A>, which performs the bulk of any required data processing. A device using <A href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web application</A> (such as <A href="/wiki/Office_Web_Apps" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Web Apps">Office Web Apps</A>) is a thin client.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Hybrid">Hybrid</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Client_(computing)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hybrid">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>A <I>hybrid client</I> is a mixture of the above two client models. Similar to a fat client, it processes locally, but relies on the server for storing persistent data. This approach offers features from both the fat client (multimedia support, high performance) and the thin client (high manageability, flexibility). A device running an online version of the <A href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</A> <A href="/wiki/Diablo_III" title="Diablo III">Diablo III</A> is an example of hybrid client.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Client_(computing)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Sadoski, Darleen. <I>Client/Server Software Architectures – An Overview</I>, Software Technology Roadmap, 1997-08-02. Retrieved on 2008-09-16.</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
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</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networks</A>,<BR />
<A href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">protocols</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centralized</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Advanced_Direct_Connect" title="Advanced Direct Connect">Advanced Direct Connect</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Audiogalaxy" title="Audiogalaxy">Audiogalaxy</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/CuteMX" title="CuteMX">CuteMX</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/OpenNap" title="OpenNap">OpenNap</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Soribada" title="Soribada">Soribada</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</A></LI>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decentralized</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Advanced_Direct_Connect" title="Advanced Direct Connect">Advanced Direct Connect</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ares_Galaxy" title="Ares Galaxy">Ares</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent (protocol)">BitTorrent</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dat_(software)" title="Dat (software)">DAT</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FastTrack" title="FastTrack">FastTrack</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet">Freenet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/GNUnet" title="GNUnet">GNUnet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kad_network" title="Kad network">Kad</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OpenFT" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenFT">OpenFT</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/RetroShare" title="RetroShare">RetroShare</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Share_(P2P)" title="Share (P2P)">Share (P2P)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Winny" title="Winny">Winny</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zeronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeronet">Zeronet</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_(protocol)" title="Direct Connect (protocol)">Direct Connect</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Entropy_(anonymous_data_store)" title="Entropy (anonymous data store)">Entropy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Morpheus_(software)" title="Morpheus (software)">Morpheus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overnet" title="Overnet">Overnet</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Napster" title="Napster">Napster</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scour_Inc." title="Scour Inc.">Scour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/WASTE" title="WASTE">WASTE</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
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</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons<BR />
of <A class="mw-selflink selflink">clients</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ADC_Software#Client_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of ADC Software">Advanced Direct Connect</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">BitTorrent</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Comparison_of_NMDC_Software#Client_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of NMDC Software">Direct Connect</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">eDonkey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gnutella#Gnutella_features" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gnutella2#Comparison" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hyperlinks</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ed2k_URI_scheme" title="Ed2k URI scheme">eD2k</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">Magnet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Metalink" title="Metalink">Metalink</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Segmented_file_transfer" title="Segmented file transfer">Segmented file transfer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Disk sharing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peercasting" title="Peercasting">Peercasting</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</A> (<A href="/wiki/Freesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Freesite">freesite</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legal aspects</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH id="Privacy" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Privacy_in_file_sharing_networks" title="Privacy in file sharing networks">Privacy</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Darknet" title="Darknet">Darknet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Open_Music_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Music Model">Open Music Model</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Private_P2P" class="mw-redirect" title="Private P2P">Private P2P</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<BR />
technologies</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">DHT</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/NAT_traversal" title="NAT traversal">NAT traversal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">PEX</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">Protocol Encryption</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SHA-1" title="SHA-1">SHA-1</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Merkle_tree" title="Merkle tree">Merkle tree</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">Tracker</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Micro_Transport_Protocol" title="Micro Transport Protocol">µTP</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/UDP_hole_punching" title="UDP hole punching">UDP hole punching</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="News_aggregators" style="padding:3px">
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</TH>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Client<BR />
software</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standalone</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kontact#News_Feed_Aggregator" title="Kontact">Akregator</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/BlogBridge" title="BlogBridge">BlogBridge</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/FeedDemon" title="FeedDemon">FeedDemon</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Feedreader_(Windows_Application)" title="Feedreader (Windows Application)">Feedreader</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flipboard" title="Flipboard">Flipboard</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Genieo" title="Genieo">Genieo</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Google_Currents" title="Google Currents">Google Currents</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liferea" title="Liferea">Liferea</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/NetNewsWire" title="NetNewsWire">NetNewsWire</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/NewsAccess" title="NewsAccess">NewsAccess</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Newsbeuter" title="Newsbeuter">Newsbeuter</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/NewsFire" title="NewsFire">NewsFire</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/QuiteRSS" title="QuiteRSS">QuiteRSS</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/RSS_Bandit" title="RSS Bandit">RSS Bandit</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/RSSOwl" title="RSSOwl">RSSOwl</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Seesmic" title="Seesmic">Seesmic</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/WebFetch" title="WebFetch">WebFetch</A></I></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web browsers</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL Explorer</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Avant_Browser" title="Avant Browser">Avant Browser</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Maxthon" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Netscape_Browser" title="Netscape Browser">Netscape Browser</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator_9" title="Netscape Navigator 9">Netscape Navigator 9</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pale_Moon_(web_browser)" title="Pale Moon (web browser)">Pale Moon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Shiira" title="Shiira">Shiira</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleipnir_(web_browser)" title="Sleipnir (web browser)">Sleipnir</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tencent#Tencent_Traveler" title="Tencent">Tencent Traveler</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Email clients</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mail_(Apple)" title="Mail (Apple)">Apple Mail</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Claws_Mail" title="Claws Mail">Claws Mail</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gnus" title="Gnus">Gnus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/IBM_Notes" title="IBM Notes">IBM Notes</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Netscape_Messenger_9" title="Netscape Messenger 9">Netscape Messenger 9</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Opera_Mail" title="Opera Mail">Opera Mail</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pegasus_Mail" title="Pegasus Mail">Pegasus Mail</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/The_Bat!" title="The Bat!">The Bat!</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Mail" title="Windows Live Mail">Windows Live Mail</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zimbra" title="Zimbra">Zimbra</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web browser plugins</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Cooliris_(plugin)" title="Cooliris (plugin)">Cooliris</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sage_(Mozilla_Firefox_extension)" title="Sage (Mozilla Firefox extension)">Sage</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Web_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Web app">Web apps</A> or<BR />
<A href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Bloglines" title="Bloglines">Bloglines</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CommaFeed" title="CommaFeed">CommaFeed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cheetah_News" title="Cheetah News">Cheetah News</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daylife" title="Daylife">Daylife</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Digg_Reader" title="Digg Reader">Digg Reader</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Feedbin" title="Feedbin">Feedbin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Feedly" title="Feedly">Feedly</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Google_Reader" title="Google Reader">Google Reader</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/IGoogle" title="IGoogle">iGoogle</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/DotCMS" title="DotCMS">dotCMS</A></LI>
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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af" style="display: none;"><A href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kli%C3%ABnt_(rekenaar)" title="Kliënt (rekenaar) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9)" title="عميل (حوسبة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az" style="display: none;"><A href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klient_(informatika)" title="Klient (informatika) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Клиент (информатика) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klient_(po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8De)" title="Klient (počítače) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da" style="display: none;"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klient_(datalogi)" title="Klient (datalogi) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de" style="display: none;"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client" title="Client – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et" style="display: none;"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klient_(infotehnoloogia)" title="Klient (infotehnoloogia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliente_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Cliente (informática) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliento_(komputiko)" title="Kliento (komputiko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezero_(informatika)" title="Bezero (informatika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87" title="کارخواه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(informatique)" title="Client (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8%ED%8A%B8_(%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%8C%85)" title="클라이언트 (컴퓨팅) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><A href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="क्लायन्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klijent_(ra%C4%8Dunarstvo)" title="Klijent (računarstvo) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klien_(komputer)" title="Klien (komputer) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is" style="display: none;"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%B0lari" title="Biðlari – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client" title="Client – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%97" title="תוכנת לקוח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83)" title="Клиент (ақпараттану) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la" style="display: none;"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliens_(computatralis)" title="Cliens (computatralis) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliens" title="Kliens – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(applicatie)" title="Client (applicatie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF)" title="クライアント (コンピュータ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klient_(IKT)" title="Klient (IKT) – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Клиент – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klient_(informatyka)" title="Klient (informatyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliente_(computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Cliente (computação) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(informatic%C4%83)" title="Client (informatică) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Клиент (информатика) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computin)" title="Client (computin) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple" style="display: none;"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client" title="Client – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klijent_(informatika)" title="Klijent (informatika) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiakasohjelma" title="Asiakasohjelma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klient_(datalogi)" title="Klient (datalogi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th" style="display: none;"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="เครื่องลูกข่าย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stemci" title="İstemci – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Клієнт (інформатика) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><A href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%B9_(%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="کلائنٹ (کمپیوٹنگ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF" title="客户端 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">32 more</BUTTON></UL>
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