Midian

<!DOCTYPE html>
<HTML class="client-js ve-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"><HEAD>

<TITLE>Midian - Wikipedia</TITLE>

<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector" />

<STYLE>
.referencetooltip{position:absolute;list-style:none;list-style-image:none;opacity:0;font-size:12px;margin:0;z-index:5;padding:0}.referencetooltip > li{background:#fff;border:1px solid #bbb;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);margin:0;padding:8px 10px;line-height:18px;max-width:300px}.referencetooltip > li + li{box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:7px;margin-top:-1px;border:0;padding:0;height:3px;width:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-top:12px #bbb solid;border-right:7px transparent solid;border-left:7px transparent solid}.referencetooltip > li + li::after{z-index:111;content:'';border:6px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:8px solid #fff;height:0;width:0;display:block;margin-left:-6px;margin-top:-12px}.RTflipped{padding-top:13px}.referencetooltip.RTflipped > li + li{position:absolute;top:0;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px #bbb solid}.referencetooltip.RTflipped > li + li::after{border-top:0;border-bottom:8px #fff solid;position:absolute;margin-top:7px}.RTsettings{ background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%0D%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%3E%0D%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23555%22%20d%3D%22M20%2014.5v-2.9l-1.8-.3c-.1-.4-.3-.8-.6-1.4l1.1-1.5-2.1-2.1-1.5%201.1c-.5-.3-1-.5-1.4-.6L13.5%205h-2.9l-.3%201.8c-.5.1-.9.3-1.4.6L7.4%206.3%205.3%208.4l1%201.5c-.3.5-.4.9-.6%201.4l-1.7.2v2.9l1.8.3c.1.5.3.9.6%201.4l-1%201.5%202.1%202.1%201.5-1c.4.2.9.4%201.4.6l.3%201.8h3l.3-1.8c.5-.1.9-.3%201.4-.6l1.5%201.1%202.1-2.1-1.1-1.5c.3-.5.5-1%20.6-1.4l1.5-.3zM12%2016c-1.7%200-3-1.3-3-3s1.3-3%203-3%203%201.3%203%203-1.3%203-3%203z%22%2F%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E);  display:block;float:right;cursor:pointer;margin:0;margin-top:-4px;height:24px;width:24px;border-radius:2px;box-sizing:border-box;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:24px 24px;margin-left:8px}.RTsettings:hover{background-color:#eee}.RTTarget{background-color:#def}
.wp-teahouse-question-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}#wp-th-question-ask{float:right}.wp-teahouse-ask a.external{background-image:none !important}.wp-teahouse-respond-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}.wp-th-respond{float:right}.wp-teahouse-respond a.external{background-image:none !important}
.cite-accessibility-label{ top:-99999px;clip:rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px); position:absolute !important;padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;height:1px !important;width:1px !important; overflow:hidden}
.mw-spinner{background-color:transparent;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.mw-spinner-small{background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/resources/src/jquery.spinner/images/spinner.gif?ca65b)!ie;height:20px;width:20px; min-width:20px}.mw-spinner-large{background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/resources/src/jquery.spinner/images/spinner-large.gif?57f34)!ie;height:32px;width:32px; min-width:32px}.mw-spinner-block{display:block; width:100%}.mw-spinner-inline{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
.suggestions{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;border:0;z-index:1099;padding:0;margin:-1px 0 0 0}.suggestions-special{position:relative;background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;margin-top:-2px;display:none;padding:0.25em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em}.suggestions-results{background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0;margin:0}.suggestions-result{color:#000;margin:0;line-height:1.5em;padding:0.01em 0.25em;text-align:left; overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.suggestions-result-current{background-color:#2a4b8d;color:#fff}.suggestions-special .special-label{color:#72777d;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-query{color:#000;font-style:italic;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-hover{background-color:#c8ccd1}.suggestions-result-current .special-label,.suggestions-result-current .special-query{color:#fff}.highlight{font-weight:bold}
@media screen {
	.tochidden,.toctoggle{-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.toctoggle{font-size:94%}}
@media print {
	.toc.tochidden,.toctoggle{display:none}}
.uls-menu{border-radius:2px; font-size:medium}.uls-search,.uls-language-settings-close-block{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-top-left-radius:2px}.uls-language-list{border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.uls-menu.callout:before,.uls-menu.callout:after{border-top:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid transparent;display:inline-block; top:17px;position:absolute;content:''}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right:before{ border-left:10px solid #c8ccd1; right:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right:after{ border-left:10px solid #f8f9fa; right:-10px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left:before{ border-right:10px solid #c8ccd1; left:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left:after{ border-right:10px solid #f8f9fa; left:-10px}.uls-ui-languages button{margin:5px 15px 5px 0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}.uls-search-wrapper-wrapper{position:relative;padding-left:40px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px}.uls-icon-back{background:transparent url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/back-grey-ltr.png?90e9b) no-repeat scroll center center;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/back-grey-ltr.svg?e226b);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2224%22 height=%2224%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2354595d%22 d=%22M7 13.1l8.9 8.9c.8-.8.8-2 0-2.8l-6.1-6.1 6-6.1c.8-.8.8-2 0-2.8L7 13.1z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");background-size:28px;background-position:center center;height:32px;width:40px;display:block;position:absolute;left:0;border-right:1px solid #c8ccd1;opacity:0.8}.uls-icon-back:hover{opacity:1;cursor:pointer}.uls-menu .uls-no-results-view .uls-no-found-more{background-color:#fff}.uls-menu .uls-no-results-view h3{padding:0 28px;margin:0;color:#54595d;font-size:1em;font-weight:normal}  .skin-vector .uls-menu{border-color:#c8ccd1;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);font-size:0.875em}.skin-vector .uls-search{border-bottom-color:#c8ccd1}.skin-vector .uls-filtersuggestion{color:#72777d}.skin-vector .uls-lcd-region-title{color:#54595d}
.mw-editfont-monospace{font-family:monospace,monospace}.mw-editfont-sans-serif{font-family:sans-serif}.mw-editfont-serif{font-family:serif} .mw-editfont-monospace,.mw-editfont-sans-serif,.mw-editfont-serif{font-size:13px; }.mw-editfont-monospace.oo-ui-textInputWidget,.mw-editfont-sans-serif.oo-ui-textInputWidget,.mw-editfont-serif.oo-ui-textInputWidget{font-size:inherit}.mw-editfont-monospace > .oo-ui-inputWidget-input,.mw-editfont-sans-serif > .oo-ui-inputWidget-input,.mw-editfont-serif > .oo-ui-inputWidget-input{font-size:13px}
@-webkit-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0)}}@-moz-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-moz-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-moz-transform:translateY(0)}}@-o-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-o-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-o-transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-moz-animation-duration:1s;-o-animation-duration:1s;animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;-moz-animation-fill-mode:both;-o-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both;-webkit-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-moz-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-o-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation}
@media print{#centralNotice{display:none}}.cn-closeButton{display:inline-block;zoom:1;background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUBAMAAAB/pwA+AAAAElBMVEUAAAAQEBDPz88AAABAQEDv7+9oe1vvAAAABnRSTlMA3rLe3rJS22KzAAAARElEQVQI12PAAUIUQCSTK5BwFgIxFU1AhKECUFAYKAAioXwwBeZChMGCEGGQIFQYJohgIhQgtCEMQ7ECYTHCOciOxA4AADgJTXIb9s8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=) no-repeat;background:url(/w/extensions/CentralNotice/resources/subscribing/close.png?8e3d8) no-repeat!ie;width:20px;height:20px;text-indent:20px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}
.mw-ui-button{font-family:inherit;font-size:1em;display:inline-block;min-width:4em;max-width:28.75em;padding:0.546875em 1em;line-height:1.286;margin:0;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-appearance:none;*display:inline; zoom:1;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#222222;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer}.mw-ui-button:visited{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#444444;border-color:#a2a9b1}.mw-ui-button:focus{background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;border-color:#3366cc;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button:active,.mw-ui-button.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#d9d9d9;color:#000000;border-color:#72777d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button:disabled:active{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:focus{outline-width:0}.mw-ui-button:focus::-moz-focus-inner{border-color:transparent;padding:0}.mw-ui-button:not(:disabled){-webkit-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;-moz-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms}.mw-ui-button:disabled{text-shadow:none;cursor:default}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-big{font-size:1.3em}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-block{display:block;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive{background-color:#3366cc;color:#fff;border:1px solid #3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:hover{background-color:#447ff5;border-color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#2a4b8d}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive{background-color:#dd3333;color:#fff;border:1px solid #dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:hover{background-color:#ff4242;border-color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #dd3333,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#b32424;border-color:#b32424;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#b32424}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{background:transparent;border:0;text-shadow:none;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#444444}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#000000}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{background:transparent}input.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner,button.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner{margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:-1px}a.mw-ui-button{text-decoration:none}a.mw-ui-button:hover,a.mw-ui-button:focus{text-decoration:none}.mw-ui-button-group > *{min-width:48px;border-radius:0;float:left}.mw-ui-button-group > *:first-child{border-top-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group > *:not(:first-child){border-left:0}.mw-ui-button-group > *:last-child{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group .is-on .button{cursor:default}
.mw-ui-icon{position:relative;line-height:1.5em;min-height:1.5em;min-width:1.5em}span.mw-ui-icon{display:inline-block}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element{text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden;width:3.5em;min-width:3.5em;max-width:3.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{left:0;right:0;position:absolute;margin:0 1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element.mw-ui-icon-large{width:4.625em;min-width:4.625em;max-width:4.625em;line-height:4.625em;min-height:4.625em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element.mw-ui-icon-large:before{min-height:4.625em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before,.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% auto;float:left;display:block;min-height:1.5em;content:''}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before{position:relative;width:1.5em;margin-right:1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-small:before{background-size:66.67% auto}
.mw-ui-icon-popups-settings:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=popups-settings&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=1b2nwgc);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=%2220px%22 height=%2220px%22 viewbox=%220 0 20 20%22 xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E %3Cg fill=%22%2354595D%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M10.112 4.554a5.334 5.334 0 1 0 0 10.668 5.334 5.334 0 0 0 0-10.668zm0 7.823a2.49 2.49 0 1 1 0-4.978 2.49 2.49 0 0 1 0 4.978z%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M11.4 5.303L11.05 3h-2.1L8.6 5.303a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 2.8 0zm-2.8 9.394L8.95 17h2.1l.35-2.303a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-2.8 0zm5.712-7.028l1.4-1.876L14.2 4.309l-1.876 1.4a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 1.981 1.981l.007-.021zm-8.624 4.662L4.309 14.2 5.8 15.691l1.876-1.4a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-1.981-1.981l-.007.021zm9.009-.931L17 11.05v-2.1l-2.303-.35a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 0 2.8zM5.303 8.6L3 8.95v2.1l2.303.35a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 0-2.8zm7.028 5.712l1.876 1.4 1.484-1.512-1.4-1.876a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-1.981 1.981l.021.007zM7.669 5.688L5.8 4.309 4.309 5.8l1.4 1.876a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 1.96-1.988z%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-popups-close:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=popups-close&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=1b2nwgc);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%220 0 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M3.636 2.222l14.142 14.142-1.414 1.414L2.222 3.636z%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M17.778 3.636L3.636 17.778l-1.414-1.414L16.364 2.222z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-preview-generic:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=preview-generic&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=1b2nwgc);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=%2237%22 height=%2227%22 xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E %3Cg id=%22Page-1%22 fill=%22none%22 fill-rule=%22evenodd%22%3E %3Cg id=%22sad-face%22 fill=%22%23C8CCD1%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M5.475.7v20.075L0 26.25h31.025c3.102 0 5.475-2.372 5.475-5.475V.7H5.475zm20.44 4.562c1.277 0 2.19 1.095 2.19 2.19 0 1.096-.913 2.373-2.19 2.373-1.278 0-2.19-1.095-2.19-2.19s1.095-2.373 2.19-2.373zm-9.855 0c1.277 0 2.19 1.095 2.19 2.19 0 1.096-1.095 2.373-2.19 2.373s-2.19-1.095-2.19-2.19.913-2.373 2.19-2.373zm4.928 8.213c-7.153 0-8.415 7.012-8.415 7.012s2.805-1.403 8.415-1.403c5.61 0 8.414 1.403 8.414 1.403S28 13.475 20.988 13.475z%22 id=%22Shape%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-footer:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=footer&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=1b2nwgc);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%22230%22 height=%22179%22 xmlns:xlink=%22http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%22 viewBox=%220 0 230 179%22%3E %3Cdefs%3E %3Crect id=%22a%22 width=%22201%22 height=%2213%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Crect id=%22b%22 width=%22201%22 height=%22169%22 y=%2210%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Crect id=%22c%22 width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%22135%22 y=%22158%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3C/defs%3E %3Cg fill=%22none%22 fill-rule=%22evenodd%22%3E %3Cg transform=%22matrix%281 0 0 -1 0 13%29%22%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%23f8f9fa%22 xlink:href=%22%23a%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22199%22 height=%2211%22 x=%221%22 y=%221%22 stroke=%22%23a2a9b1%22 stroke-width=%222%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%23fff%22 xlink:href=%22%23b%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22199%22 height=%22167%22 x=%221%22 y=%2211%22 stroke=%22%23a2a9b1%22 stroke-width=%222%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Cg opacity=%22.4%22 transform=%22translate%2867 35%29%22%3E %3Crect width=%2273%22 height=%222%22 y=%227%22 fill=%22%23c8ccd1%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2281%22 height=%222%22 y=%2231%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2232%22 height=%222%22 y=%2285%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2273%22 height=%222%22 x=%2235%22 y=%2285%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 x=%2291%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2268%22 height=%222%22 x=%2220%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2237%22 height=%222%22 x=%2272%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2249%22 height=%222%22 x=%2220%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2224%22 height=%222%22 x=%2284%22 y=%2231%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22 transform=%22matrix%28-1 0 0 1 192 0%29%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2281%22 height=%222%22 y=%2266%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2214%22 height=%222%22 x=%2254%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2237%22 height=%222%22 x=%2271%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2251%22 height=%222%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2259%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2252%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2292%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2238%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2251%22 height=%222%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Crect width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%2267%22 y=%22158%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 opacity=%22.4%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%2299%22 y=%22158%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 opacity=%22.4%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%2336c%22 xlink:href=%22%23c%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2233%22 height=%225%22 x=%22133.5%22 y=%22156.5%22 stroke=%22%23ffc057%22 stroke-opacity=%22.447%22 stroke-width=%223%22 rx=%222.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%2234%22 cy=%2249%22 r=%2219%22 fill=%22%23eaecf0%22/%3E %3Cg fill=%22%23a2a9b1%22 transform=%22translate%285 5%29%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%221.5%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%226%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%2210.5%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Cpath stroke=%22%23ff00af%22 d=%22M174.5 159.5h54.01%22 stroke-linecap=%22square%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-preview-disambiguation:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=preview-disambiguation&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=1b2nwgc);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%222 2 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23C8CCD1%22 d=%22M11 12h4V7h-4v5zm-5 2h9v-1H6v1zm0 2h9v-1H6v1zm0 2h9v-1H6v1zm4-9H6v1h4V9zm0 2H6v1h4v-1zm0-4H6v1h4V7zM4 5h13v16H7c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3V5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill-rule=%22evenodd%22 fill=%22%23C8CCD1%22 d=%22M18 4v14h2V2H7v2%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}
.client-js ol.mw-collapsible:before,.client-js ul.mw-collapsible:before,.client-js .mw-collapsible-toggle-li{ display:list-item;list-style:none;margin-bottom:0.1em}.client-js ol.mw-made-collapsible:before,.client-js ul.mw-made-collapsible:before{display:none}.client-js ol.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.client-js ul.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.client-js table.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) :first-child tr:first-child th:last-child:before,.client-js table.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > caption:first-child:after{content:'[hide]'}.client-js td.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.client-js table.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) :first-child tr:first-child th:last-child:before,.client-js table.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > caption:first-child:after,.client-js div.mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before{content:'[show]'}.client-js .mw-collapsible[id^='mw-customcollapsible'] th:before,.client-js .mw-collapsible[id^='mw-customcollapsible']:before{content:none !important}.client-js table.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > caption:first-child:after{float:none;display:block}.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > p,.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > table,.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) > thead + tbody,.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) tr:not(:first-child),.client-js .mw-collapsed:not(.mw-made-collapsible) .mw-collapsible-content{display:none}  .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:right} .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible) th:before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,.mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:left} li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl li .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr li .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:none}ol.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before,ul.mw-collapsible:not(.mw-made-collapsible):before{float:none !important}</STYLE><STYLE>
.mw-3d-wrapper{display:inline-block;position:relative;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:top}.mw-3d-badge{position:absolute;top:11px;left:11px;color:#1e1f21;font-size:14px;line-height:19px;font-weight:bold;opacity:0.8;padding:2px 5px;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-radius:2px}.mw-3d-thumb-placeholder{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;color:#222}
.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#fff}.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link .special-query{ overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}
#uls-settings-block{background-color:#f8f9fa;border-top:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding-left:10px;line-height:1.2em;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px}#uls-settings-block > button{background:left top transparent no-repeat;background-size:20px auto;color:#54595d;display:inline-block;margin:8px 15px;border:0;padding:0 0 0 26px;font-size:medium;cursor:pointer}#uls-settings-block > button:hover{color:#222}#uls-settings-block > button.display-settings-block{background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/display.png?d25f1);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%220 0 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23222%22 d=%22M.002 2.275V15.22h8.405c.535 1.624-.975 1.786-1.902 2.505 0 0 2.293-.024 3.439-.024 1.144 0 3.432.024 3.432.024-.905-.688-2.355-.868-1.902-2.505h8.527V2.275h-20zm6.81 1.84h.797l3.313 8.466H9.879L8.836 9.943H5.462l-1.043 2.638h-.982zm.368 1.104c-.084.369-.211.785-.368 1.227L5.83 9.023h2.699l-.982-2.577c-.128-.33-.234-.747-.368-1.227zm7.117.982c.753 0 1.295.157 1.656.491.365.334.552.858.552 1.595v4.294h-.675l-.184-.859h-.062c-.315.396-.605.655-.92.798-.311.138-.758.184-1.227.184-.626 0-1.115-.168-1.472-.491-.353-.323-.491-.754-.491-1.35 0-1.275 1.028-1.963 3.068-2.025h1.043v-.429c0-.495-.091-.87-.307-1.104-.211-.238-.574-.307-1.043-.307-.526 0-1.115.107-1.779.429l-.307-.675a4.748 4.748 0 0 1 1.043-.429 4.334 4.334 0 0 1 1.104-.123zm.307 3.313c-.761.027-1.318.157-1.656.368-.334.207-.491.54-.491.982 0 .346.1.617.307.798.211.181.544.245.92.245.595 0 1.012-.164 1.35-.491.342-.326.552-.762.552-1.35v-.552z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}#uls-settings-block > button.input-settings-block{background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/input.png?aea9e);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%220 0 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23222%22 d=%22M9 1.281c-.124.259-.185.599-.5.688-.55.081-1.133.018-1.688 0-.866-.032-1.733-.148-2.594 0-.588.157-.953.727-1.188 1.25-.178.416-.271.836-.344 1.281H-.002V16h20V4.5H3.654c.109-.52.203-1.057.563-1.469.222-.231.587-.17.875-.188 1.212.003 2.415.179 3.625.063.463-.058.812-.455.969-.875l.188-.438-.875-.313zM1.875 7.125h1.563c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188.188H1.875c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.531c0 .094-.062.188-.156.188H4.719c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.531c0 .094-.062.188-.156.188H7.563a.201.201 0 0 1-.188-.188V7.313c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm2.813 0h1.563c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188.188h-1.563c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.531c0 .094-.062.188-.156.188H13.22c-.094 0-.156-.093-.156-.188V7.313c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.844 0h1.531c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188.188h-1.531a.201.201 0 0 1-.188-.188V7.313c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm-12.844 3h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.563c0 .094-.062.156-.156.156H3.22c-.094 0-.156-.062-.156-.156v-1.563c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.906 0h1.563c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.563c0 .094-.093.156-.188.156H6.126c-.094 0-.156-.062-.156-.156v-1.563c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zm2.938 0h1.531c.094 0 .188.093.188.188v1.563c0 .094-.093.156-.188.156H9.064c-.094 0-.188-.062-.188-.156v-1.563c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm2.906 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.563c0 .094-.062.156-.156.156H11.97c-.094 0-.188-.062-.188-.156v-1.563c0-.094.093-.188.188-.188zm2.906 0h1.563c.094 0 .156.093.156.188v1.563c0 .094-.062.156-.156.156h-1.563c-.094 0-.156-.062-.156-.156v-1.563c0-.094.062-.188.156-.188zM4.001 13.688h12c.088 0 .156.068.156.156v.844a.154.154 0 0 1-.156.156h-12a.154.154 0 0 1-.156-.156v-.844c0-.088.068-.156.156-.156z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}
.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget{border:0;padding:0;color:inherit;line-height:1.5em; }.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget:focus{outline:0;padding:0}.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget::selection{background:rgba(109,169,247,0.5); }
#p-lang .body ul .uls-trigger,#p-lang .pBody ul .uls-trigger{background-image:none;padding:0} .mw-interlanguage-selector,.mw-interlanguage-selector:active{cursor:pointer;padding:4px 6px 4px 25px;font-size:13px;font-weight:normal;background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/compact-links-trigger.png?b0c8e);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2218%22 height=%2218%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2372777d%22 d=%22M13 19l.8-3h5.3l.9 3h2.2L18 6h-3l-4.2 13H13zm3.5-11l2 6h-4l2-6zM5 4l.938 1.906H1V8h1.594C3.194 9.8 4 11.206 5 12.406c-1.1.7-4.313 1.781-4.313 1.781L2 16s3.487-1.387 4.688-2.188c1 .7 2.319 1.188 3.719 1.688l.594-2c-1-.3-1.988-.688-2.688-1.188 1.1-1.1 1.9-2.506 2.5-4.406h2.188l.5-2H7.938L7 4H5zm-.188 4h3.781c-.4 1.3-.906 2-1.906 3-1.1-1-1.475-1.7-1.875-3z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");background-size:18px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:left 4px center;margin:4px 0;text-align:left}.mw-interlanguage-selector:active,.mw-interlanguage-selector.selector-open{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#54595d}.interlanguage-uls-menu:before,.interlanguage-uls-menu:after{border-top:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid transparent;display:inline-block; top:17px;position:absolute;content:''}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-right:before{ border-left:10px solid #c8ccd1; right:-11px}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-right:after{ border-left:10px solid #f8f9fa; right:-10px}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-left:before{ border-right:10px solid #c8ccd1; left:-11px}.interlanguage-uls-menu.selector-left:after{ border-right:10px solid #f8f9fa; left:-10px}
.mw-mmv-overlay{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1000;background-color:#000}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open{overflow-y:auto;  }body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-page-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-head-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-navigation,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #content,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #footer,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #globalWrapper{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > *{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-overlay,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-wrapper{display:block}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons{margin-top:5px}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded,.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config{display:block;line-height:inherit}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 1024 768%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M851.2 71.6L690.7 232.1l-40.1-40.3-9.6 164.8 164.8-9.3-40.3-40.4L926 146.4l58.5 58.5L997.6 0 792.7 13.1%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M769.6 89.3H611.9l70.9 70.8 7.9 7.5m-47.1 234.6l-51.2 3 3-51.2 9.4-164.4 5.8-100.3H26.4V768h883.1V387l-100.9 5.8-165 9.4zM813.9 678H113.6l207.2-270.2 31.5-12.9L548 599.8l105.9-63.2 159.8 140.8.2.6zm95.6-291.9V228l-79.1 78.9 7.8 7.9%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 1024 768%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M897 454.6V313.4L810.4 299c-6.4-23.3-16-45.7-27.3-65.8l50.5-71.4-99.4-100.2-71.4 50.5c-20.9-11.2-42.5-20.9-65.8-27.3L582.6-1H441.4L427 85.6c-23.3 6.4-45.7 16-65.8 27.3l-71.4-50.5-100.3 99.5 50.5 71.4c-11.2 20.9-20.9 42.5-27.3 66.6L127 313.4v141.2l85.8 14.4c6.4 23.3 16 45.7 27.3 66.6L189.6 607l99.5 99.5 71.4-50.5c20.9 11.2 42.5 20.9 66.6 27.3l14.4 85.8h141.2l14.4-86.6c23.3-6.4 45.7-16 65.8-27.3l71.4 50.5 99.5-99.5-50.5-71.4c11.2-20.9 20.9-42.5 27.3-66.6l86.4-13.6zm-385 77c-81.8 0-147.6-66.6-147.6-147.6 0-81.8 66.6-147.6 147.6-147.6S659.6 302.2 659.6 384 593.8 531.6 512 531.6z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");opacity:0.75}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before:hover{opacity:1}.mw-mmv-button{background-color:transparent;min-width:0;border:0;padding:0;overflow-x:hidden;text-indent:-9999em}
@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}.mwe-popups-fade-in-up{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-in-down{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-down{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-up{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards}   #mwe-popups-settings{z-index:1000;background:#fff;width:420px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);border-radius:2px;font-size:14px}#mwe-popups-settings header{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;position:relative;display:table;width:100%;padding:5px 7px 5px 0}#mwe-popups-settings header > div{display:table-cell;width:3.5em;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer}#mwe-popups-settings header h1{margin-bottom:0.6em;padding-top:0.5em;border:0;width:100%;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close{opacity:0.87;-webkit-transition:opacity 100ms;-moz-transition:opacity 100ms;transition:opacity 100ms}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close:hover{opacity:0.73}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close:active{opacity:1}#mwe-popups-settings main{display:block;width:350px;padding:32px 0 24px;margin:0 auto}#mwe-popups-settings main p{color:#54595d;font-size:17px;margin:16px 0 0}#mwe-popups-settings main p:first-child{margin-top:0}#mwe-popups-settings main form img,#mwe-popups-settings main form input,#mwe-popups-settings main form label{vertical-align:top}#mwe-popups-settings main form img{margin-right:60px}#mwe-popups-settings main form input{display:inline-block;margin:0 10px 0 0;padding:0}#mwe-popups-settings main form label{font-size:13px;display:inline-block;line-height:16px;width:300px}#mwe-popups-settings main form label > span{color:#000;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:18px}.mwe-popups-settings-help{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;margin:40px;position:relative}.mwe-popups-settings-help .mw-ui-icon:before,.mwe-popups-settings-help .mw-ui-icon{height:140px;width:180px;max-width:none;margin:0}.mwe-popups-settings-help p{left:180px;bottom:20px;position:absolute}.mwe-popups{cursor:pointer;background:#fff;position:absolute;z-index:110;-webkit-box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 1px #a2a9b1;box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 1px #a2a9b1;padding:0;display:none;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;min-width:300px;border-radius:2px; }.mwe-popups .mw-ui-icon{font-size:16px}.mwe-popups .mw-ui-icon-preview-disambiguation,.mwe-popups .mw-ui-icon-preview-generic{margin:21px 0 8px 0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container{color:#222222;margin-top:-9px;padding-top:9px;text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer{padding:16px;margin:0;font-size:10px;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract{margin:16px;display:block;color:#222222;text-decoration:none;position:relative;   }.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract:hover{text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract:after{content:' ';position:absolute;bottom:0;width:25%;height:20px;background-color:transparent}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='ltr']:after{ right:0; background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-o-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='rtl']:after{ left:0; background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-o-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract p{margin:0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ul,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ol,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract li,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dl,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dd,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dt{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.mwe-popups svg{overflow:hidden}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall{width:450px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{vertical-align:middle}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall .mwe-popups-extract{width:215px;height:180px;overflow:hidden;float:left}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall footer{width:215px;left:0}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall{width:320px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall .mwe-popups-extract{min-height:40px;max-height:140px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:47px;padding-bottom:0}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall footer{width:290px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-generic .mwe-popups-extract,.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-disambiguation .mwe-popups-extract{min-height:auto;padding-top:4px;margin-bottom:60px;margin-top:0}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-generic .mwe-popups-read-link,.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-disambiguation .mwe-popups-read-link{font-weight:bold;font-size:12px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-generic .mwe-popups-extract:hover + footer .mwe-popups-read-link,.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-type-disambiguation .mwe-popups-extract:hover + footer .mwe-popups-read-link{text-decoration:underline}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:8px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:8px solid #a2a9b1;top:-8px;left:10px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:11px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:11px solid #ffffff;top:-7px;left:7px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:before{left:auto;right:10px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-no-image-pointer:after{left:auto;right:7px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px;left:9px;z-index:111}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px solid #ffffff;top:-8px;left:6px;z-index:112}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer.flipped-x:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px;left:273px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer.flipped-x:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px solid #ffffff;top:-8px;left:269px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer .mwe-popups-extract{padding-top:16px;margin-top:200px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-pointer > div > a > svg{margin-top:-8px;position:absolute;z-index:113;left:0}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-is-tall{min-height:242px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-is-tall:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px;left:420px;z-index:111}.mwe-popups.flipped-x.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{margin:0;margin-top:-8px;margin-bottom:-7px;position:absolute;z-index:113;right:0}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:9px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-9px;left:272px;z-index:111}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:12px solid #ffffff;bottom:-8px;left:269px;z-index:112}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall{min-height:242px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:9px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-9px;left:420px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:12px solid #ffffff;bottom:-8px;left:417px}.mwe-popups.flipped-x-y.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{margin:0;margin-bottom:-9px;position:absolute;z-index:113;right:0}.mwe-popups.flipped-y:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:8px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:8px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-8px;left:10px}.mwe-popups.flipped-y:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:11px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:11px solid #ffffff;bottom:-7px;left:7px}.mwe-popups-is-tall polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}.mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x-y polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(0,-8px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-8px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-8px);transform:translate(0,-8px)}.mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(0,8px);-moz-transform:translate(0,8px);-ms-transform:translate(0,8px);transform:translate(0,8px)}.rtl .mwe-popups-is-tall polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,0);-moz-transform:translate(-100%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,0);transform:translate(-100%,0)}.rtl .mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x-y polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,-8px);-moz-transform:translate(-100%,-8px);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,-8px);transform:translate(-100%,-8px)}.rtl .mwe-popups-is-tall.flipped-x polyline{-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,8px);-moz-transform:translate(-100%,8px);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,8px);transform:translate(-100%,8px)}.mwe-popups-settings-icon{display:block;overflow:hidden;font-size:16px;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;padding:3px;float:right;margin:4px 4px 2px 4px;text-indent:-1em;border-radius:2px}.mwe-popups-settings-icon:hover{background-color:#eaecf0}.mwe-popups-settings-icon:active{background-color:#c8ccd1}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-title{display:block;font-weight:bold;margin:0 16px}.mwe-popups-overlay{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);z-index:999;position:fixed;height:100%;width:100%;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}#mwe-popups-svg{position:absolute;top:-1000px}
.mw-collapsible-toggle{float:right;-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default:before{content:'['}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default:after{content:']'}.mw-customtoggle,.mw-collapsible-toggle{cursor:pointer} caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl caption .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:none}</STYLE><STYLE>
.ve-activated .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-editableContent #toc,.ve-activated #siteNotice,.ve-activated .mw-indicators,.ve-activated #t-print,.ve-activated #t-permalink,.ve-activated #p-coll-print_export,.ve-activated #t-cite,.ve-deactivating .ve-ui-surface,.ve-active .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-editableContent,.ve-active .ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget{display:none} .ve-activating .ve-ui-surface{height:0;padding:0 !important; overflow:hidden} .ve-loading #content > :not(.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay), .ve-activated .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-uneditableContent{pointer-events:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;opacity:0.5}.ve-activated #catlinks{cursor:pointer}.ve-activated #catlinks a{opacity:1} .ve-activated #content{position:relative} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay{position:absolute;top:1.25em;left:0;right:0;z-index:1;margin-top:-0.5em}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:1em;overflow:hidden;margin:0 25%}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:1em;width:0}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{transition:height 250ms ease;height:0; } .oo-ui-element-hidden{display:none !important; } .mw-editsection{white-space:nowrap; unicode-bidi:-moz-isolate;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;unicode-bidi:isolate}.mw-editsection-divider{color:#54595d} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:0.75em;border:1px solid #36c;background:#fff;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0.1em 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15)}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:0.75em;background:#36c}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;box-shadow:0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder-open{height:40px} .skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbar,.skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{font-size:0.875em; margin:-1.14em -1.14em 1.14em -1.14em; }@media screen and (min-width:982px){.skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbar,.skin-vector .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{ margin:-1.43em -1.71em 1.43em -1.71em}}</STYLE><META name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="" />
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector" />
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector" />
<META name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.32.0-wmf.16" />
<META name="referrer" content="origin" />
<META name="referrer" content="origin-when-crossorigin" />
<META name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin" />
<META property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Midian.png/1200px-Midian.png" />
<LINK rel="alternate" href="android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midian" />
<LINK rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit" />
<LINK rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit" />
<LINK rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png" />
<LINK rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico" />
<LINK rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)" />
<LINK rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd" />
<LINK rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" />
<LINK rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midian" />
<LINK rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org" />
<LINK rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=html5shiv&only=scripts&skin=vector&sync=1"></script><![endif]-->
</HEAD>
<BODY class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Midian rootpage-Midian skin-vector action-view">		<DIV id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></DIV>
		<DIV id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></DIV>
		<DIV id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
			<A id="top"></A>
			<DIV id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><DIV id="centralNotice"></DIV><!-- CentralNotice --></DIV><DIV class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">
</DIV>
<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Midian</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
				<DIV id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</DIV>				<DIV id="contentSub"></DIV>
				<DIV id="jump-to-nav"></DIV>				<A class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</A>
				<A class="mw-jump-link" href="#p-search">Jump to search</A>
				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <A href="/wiki/Midian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Midian (disambiguation)">Midian (disambiguation)</A>.</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Midian.png" class="image"><IMG alt="Midian.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Midian.png/220px-Midian.png" width="220" height="323" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Midian.png/330px-Midian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Midian.png/440px-Midian.png 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="2522" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Midian.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P><B>Midian</B> (<SPAN class="nowrap"><SPAN class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<SPAN style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><SPAN title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</SPAN><SPAN title="'m' in 'my'">m</SPAN><SPAN title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</SPAN><SPAN title="'d' in 'dye'">d</SPAN><SPAN title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</SPAN><SPAN title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</SPAN></SPAN>/</A></SPAN></SPAN>; <A href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</A>: <SPAN class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 115%; font-family: 'Ezra SIL', 'Ezra SIL SR', 'Keter Aram Tsova', 'Taamey Ashkenaz', 'Taamey David CLM', 'Taamey Frank CLM', 'Frenk Ruehl CLM', 'Keter YG', 'Shofar', 'David CLM', 'Hadasim CLM', 'Simple CLM', 'Nachlieli', 'SBL BibLit', 'SBL Hebrew', Cardo, Alef, 'Noto Serif Hebrew', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'David Libre', David, 'Times New Roman', Gisha, Arial, FreeSerif, FreeSans;" dir="rtl">מִדְיָן</SPAN>), <B>Madyan</B> (<A href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</A>: <SPAN lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَـدْيَـن</SPAN>), or <B>Madiam</B> (<A href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</A>: <SPAN lang="grc" title="Ancient Greek language text">Μαδιάμ</SPAN>)<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP> is a geographical place mentioned in the <A href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</A> and <A href="/wiki/Qur%E2%80%99an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur’an">Qur’an</A>. <A href="/wiki/William_G._Dever" title="William G. Dever">William G. Dever</A> states that biblical Midian was in the "northwest <A href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</A>, on the east shore of the <A href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</A> on the <A href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</A>", an area which he notes was "never extensively settled until the 8th–7th  century B.C."<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP>
</P><P>According to the <A href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</A>, the <B>Midianites</B> were the descendants of <A href="/wiki/Midian_(son_of_Abraham)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midian (son of Abraham)">Midian</A>, who was a son of <A href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</A> and his wife <A href="/wiki/Keturah" title="Keturah">Keturah</A>: "Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah" (<A href="/wiki/Genesis_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesis (Hebrew Bible)">Genesis</A> 25:1–2, <A href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">King James Version</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Some scholars have suggested that Midian was not a geographical area but a league of tribes.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP>
</P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc"><INPUT type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><H2>Contents</H2><SPAN class="toctogglespan"><LABEL class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></LABEL></SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Land_or_tribal_league?"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Land or tribal league?</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Religion"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Religion</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#In_the_Bible"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">In the Bible</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#In_the_Qur’an"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">In the Qur’an</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Pottery"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Pottery</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Further_reading"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Further reading</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>

<H2><SPAN id="Land_or_tribal_league.3F"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Land_or_tribal_league?">Land or tribal league?</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Land or tribal league?">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Some scholars have suggested that 'Midian' does not refer to geographic places or a specific tribe, but to a confederation or 'league' of tribes brought together as a collective for worship purposes. <A href="/wiki/Paul_Haupt" title="Paul Haupt">Paul Haupt</A> first made this suggestion in 1909,<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> describing Midian as a 'cultic collective' (<I>Kultgenossenschaft</I>) or an '<A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphictyony" class="extiw" title="wikt:amphictyony">amphictyony</A>', meaning 'an association (<I>Bund</I>) of different tribes in the vicinity of a sanctuary'. <A href="/wiki/Elath" title="Elath">Elath</A>, on the northern tip of the <A href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</A> was suggested as the location of the first shrine, with a second sanctuary located at <A href="/wiki/Kadesh_(Syria)" title="Kadesh (Syria)">Kadesh</A>.
</P><P>Later writers have questioned the identified sanctuary locations but supported the thesis of a Midianite league. George Mendenhall suggested that the Midianites were a non-Semitic confederate group,<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/William_Dumbrell" title="William Dumbrell">William Dumbrell</A> maintained the same case:
</P>
<DL><DD>"We believe that Haupt's proposal is to be adopted, and that Midian, rather than depicting a land, is a general term for an amorphous league of the <A href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Bronze Age">Late Bronze Age</A>, of wide geographical range, who, after a series of reverses, the most prominent of which are recorded in <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0706.htm#1">Judges 6–7</A>, largely disappeared from the historical scene...'<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP></DD></DL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>It is uncertain which deities the Midianites worshipped. Through their apparent religio-political connection with the <A href="/wiki/Moabites" class="mw-redirect" title="Moabites">Moabites</A><SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP> they are thought to have worshipped a multitude,  including <A href="/wiki/Baal-peor" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal-peor">Baal-peor</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Queen of Heaven, Ashteroth</A>. According to <A href="/wiki/Karel_van_der_Toorn" title="Karel van der Toorn">Karel van der Toorn</A>, "By the 14th century BC, before the cult of Yahweh had reached Israel, groups of Edomite and Midianites worshipped Yahweh as their god." <SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP>
</P><P>An Egyptian temple of <A href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</A> at <A href="/wiki/Timna_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Timna valley">Timna</A> continued to be used during the Midianite occupation of the site (terminal Late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age); the Midianites transformed the Hathor mining temple into a desert tent-shrine. In addition to the discovery of post-holes, large quantities of red and yellow decayed cloth with beads woven into it, along with numerous copper rings/wire used to suspend the curtains, were found all along two walls of the shrine. Beno Rothenberg,<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP> the excavator of the site, suggested that the Midianites were making offerings to Hathor, especially since a large number of Midianite votive vessels (25%) were discovered in the shrine.  However, whether Hathor or some other deity was the object of devotion during this period is difficult to ascertain. A small bronze snake with gilded head was also discovered in the naos of the Timna mining shrine, along with a hoard of metal objects that included a small bronze figurine of a bearded male god, which according to Rothenberg was Midianite in origin. Michael Homan<SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP> observes that the Midianite tent-shrine at Timna is one of the closest parallels to the biblical <A href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</A>.
</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="In_the_Bible">In the Bible</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In the Bible">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg/170px-Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg" width="170" height="265" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg/255px-Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg/340px-Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="1030" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Figures_Five_Kings_of_Midian_Slain_by_Israel.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Five kings of Midian slain by Israel (illustration from the 1728 <I>Figures de la Bible</I>)</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<OL><LI>Midian was the son of <A href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</A> <SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joseph_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph (Hebrew Bible)">Joseph</A> was sold by the Midianites who came across him and they sold him to the Ishmaelites <SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>Midian was where <A href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</A> spent forty years in voluntary exile after killing an Egyptian.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>Moses married <A href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Zipporah</A> the daughter of <A href="/wiki/Jethro_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jethro (Bible)">Jethro</A>, the priest of Midian <SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP> (also known as <A href="/wiki/Reuel" title="Reuel">Reuel</A>).</LI>
<LI>Jethro advised Moses on establishing a system of delegated legal decision-making <SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>Moses asked <A href="/wiki/List_of_minor_biblical_figures,_A%E2%80%93K#Hobab" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minor biblical figures, A–K">Hobab</A>, the son of Reuel the Midianite, to accompany the Israelites travelling towards the <A href="/wiki/Promised_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Promised land">promised land</A> because of his local knowledge, although Hobab preferred to return to his homeland <SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cozbi" title="Cozbi">Cozbi</A>, daughter of the Midianite chief <A href="/wiki/Zur" title="Zur">Zur</A>, was speared by <A href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</A> together with <A href="/wiki/Zimri_(prince)" title="Zimri (prince)">Zimri</A>. Zimri was the son of a <A href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Simeon" title="Tribe of Simeon">Simeonite</A> chief, while Cozbi was a Midianite woman taken into his family by Zimri.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP> The Midianite women's seductions of Israelites to their idol <A href="/wiki/Heresy_of_Peor#Baal-Peor" title="Heresy of Peor">Baal-Peor</A> (or Baal-phegor) is described as the cause of offense to God, even though the Midianites were racially akin to the Israelites as descendants of Abraham, and Moses' own wife Zipporah was Midianite. Ignoring this, <A href="/wiki/Phineas_Priesthood" title="Phineas Priesthood">at least one modern day movement</A> has interpreted this story as a prohibition against <A href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">miscegenation</A>.</LI>
<LI>Soon after, <A href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</A> instructed Moses to collect an army and destroy Midian.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP> Some commentators, for example the <A href="/wiki/Pulpit_Commentary" title="Pulpit Commentary">Pulpit Commentary</A> and <A href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">Gill</A>'s <I>Exposition of the Bible</I>, have noted that God's command focused on attacking the Midianites and not the Moabites,<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[21]</A></SUP> and similarly Moses in <A href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</A> directed that the Israelites should not harass the Moabites.<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>The Israelites killed every Midianite male, including Zur and four other named chiefs, and brought back the women and children as <A href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</A></LI>
<LI>Moses condemned the Midianite women as the cause of the <A href="/wiki/Enmity" class="mw-redirect" title="Enmity">enmity</A> between the Israelites and the Midianites, and ordered every woman who had slept with a man to be killed (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0431.htm#17">Numbers 31:17</A>), but 32,000 girls who have never slept with a man were kept as slaves (<A href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Book of Numbers</A> 31:35).<SUP id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-23">[23]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>Israel was oppressed by Midian for seven years during the time of the <A href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</A> (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%206:1–6:1&version=nkjv">Judges 6:1–6</A>). <A href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</A> was called by <A href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</A> to deliver Israel from Midian's armies (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%206:7–9:7&version=nkjv">Judges 6:7–9</A>). He killed the Midianite princes <A href="/wiki/Oreb_and_Zeeb" title="Oreb and Zeeb">Oreb and Zeeb</A>, then pursued their kings <A href="/wiki/Zebah_and_Zalmunna" title="Zebah and Zalmunna">Zebah and Zalmunna</A> as far as <A href="/wiki/Karkor" title="Karkor">Karkor</A>, slaying them as well.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hadad_the_Edomite" title="Hadad the Edomite">Hadad the Edomite</A>, opposing King Solomon, passed through Midian and <A href="/wiki/Desert_of_Paran" title="Desert of Paran">Paran</A> while fleeing from <A href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</A> to <A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-24">[24]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</A> (60:6) speaks of camels from Midian and <A href="/wiki/Ephah" title="Ephah">Ephah</A> coming to "cover your land," along with the gold and frankincense from <A href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</A>. This passage, taken by the <A href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</A> as a foreshadowing of the <A href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</A>'s gifts to the infant <A href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</A>, has been incorporated into the <A href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</A> liturgy.</LI></OL>
<H3><SPAN id="In_the_Qur.E2.80.99an"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="In_the_Qur’an">In the Qur’an</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In the Qur’an">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="253" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Shuaib Caves in Al-Bada'a, <A href="/wiki/Tabuk_Region" title="Tabuk Region">Tabuk Region</A></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The people of Midian are mentioned extensively in the Arabic Qur’an. The word 'Madyan' appears 10 times in it. The people are also called <I>ʾaṣḥabu l-ʾaykah</I> (<A href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</A>: <SPAN lang="ar" dir="rtl">أصـحـابُ الأيـكـة</SPAN>, "Companions of the Wood").<SUP id="cite_ref-Cite_quran|15|78|e=79|s=ns_25-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Cite_quran|15|78|e=79|s=ns-25">[25]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Cite_quran|26|176|e=189|s=ns_26-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Cite_quran|26|176|e=189|s=ns-26">[26]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Cite_quran|38|13|e=15|s=ns_27-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Cite_quran|38|13|e=15|s=ns-27">[27]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Cite_quran|50|12|e=14|s=ns_28-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Cite_quran|50|12|e=14|s=ns-28">[28]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Surah 9 (<A href="/wiki/Al-Tawbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tawbah">Al-Tawbah</A>), verse 70 says "Has not the story reached them of those before them? – The people of Nūḥ (Noah), <A href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</A> and <A href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamud</A>, the people of Ibrahim (Abraham), the dwellers [literally, comrades] of Madyan (Midian) and the cities overthrown [i.e. the people to whom Lūt (Lot) preached], to them came their Messengers with clear proofs. So it was not <A href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</A> who wronged them, but they used to wrong themselves."
</P><P>In Surah 7 (<A href="/wiki/Al-A%27raf" title="Al-A'raf">Al-ʾAʿrāf</A>) Madyan is mentioned as one of several peoples who were warned by prophets to repent lest judgment fall on them. The story of Madyan is the last, coming after that of <A href="/wiki/Lot_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lot (Bible)">Lot</A> preaching to his people (referring to the destruction of the <A href="/wiki/Cities_of_Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of Sin">Cities of the Plain</A>). Madyan was warned by the prophet <A href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿaib</A> to repent of using false weights and measures and lying in wait along the road. But they rejected Shuʿayb, and consequently were destroyed by a tremor (<I>rajfa</I>, v. 91). <A href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali" title="Abdullah Yusuf Ali">Abdullah Yusuf Ali</A> in his commentary (1934) writes, "The fate of the Madyan people is described in the same terms as that of the Thamūd in verse 78 above. An earthquake seized them by night, and they were buried in their own homes, no longer to vex Allah's earth. But a supplementary detail is mentioned in [Qur'an] 26:189, 'the punishment of a day of overshadowing gloom,' which may be understood to mean a shower of ashes and cinders accompanying a volcanic eruption. Thus a day of terror drove them into their homes, and the earthquake finished them."<SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[29]</A></SUP> A number of scholars have proposed that the biblical description of devouring fire on Mount Sinai refers to an erupting volcano in the land of biblical Midian identified as <A href="/wiki/Hala-%27l_Badr" title="Hala-'l Badr">Hala-'l Badr</A> in northwestern <A href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</A>.
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Pottery">Pottery</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pottery">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P><A href="/wiki/Midianite_pottery" title="Midianite pottery">Midianite pottery</A>, also called Qurayyah Painted Ware (QPW), is found at numerous sites stretching from the southern Levant to NW Saudi Arabia, the <A href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</A>; Qurayyah in NW Saudi Arabia is thought to be its original location of manufacture.<SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[30]</A></SUP> The pottery is bichrome / polychrome style and it dates as early as the 13th century BC; its many geometric, human, and animal motifs are painted in browns and dark reds on a pinkish-tan slip. "Midianite" pottery is found in its largest quantities at metallurgical sites in the southern Levant, especially Timna.<SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP> Because of the <A href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</A> motifs on Midianite pottery, some scholars including George Mendenhall,<SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[32]</A></SUP> Peter Parr,<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[33]</A></SUP> and Beno Rothenberg<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[34]</A></SUP> have suggested that the Midianites were originally <A href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</A> who migrated from the <A href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</A> region and imposed themselves on a pre-existing Semitic stratum. The question of the origin of the Midianites still remains open.
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Balak" title="Balak">Balak</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Eglon,_Canaan" title="Eglon, Canaan">Eglon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ishmaelites" title="Ishmaelites">Ishmaelites</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qedar">Kedar</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">History of ancient Israel and Judah</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tabuk,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Tabuk, Saudi Arabia">Tabuk, Saudi Arabia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamud</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_history" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bible and history">The Bible and history</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Midian_war" title="Midian war">Midian war</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">Genocides in history</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</A></LI></UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Also <SPAN lang="grc" title="Ancient Greek language text">Μαδιανίτης</SPAN> for "Midianite".</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Dever, William G. <I>Who were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?</I> <A href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.</A> (24 May 2006) <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4416-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4416-3">978-0-8028-4416-3</A> p. 34</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2025:1-2&version=KJV">http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2025:1-2&version=KJV</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">William J. Dumbrell, Midian: A Land or a League?, <I>Vetus Testamentum</I>, Vol. 25, Fasc. 2, No. 2a. Jubilee Number (May, 1975), pp. 323–37</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Bromiley Geoffrey W. <I>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</I>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1996. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3783-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3783-7">978-0-8028-3783-7</A>. p. 350.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Paul Haupt, Midian und Sinai, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 63, 1909, p. 56, available online in German at <A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/pageview/55820">http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/pageview/55820</A>, quoted in Dumbrell accessed 1 August 2015</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">The Incident at Beth Baal Peor, <I>The Tenth Generation</I>, 1973</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">William J. Dumbrell, Midian: A Land or a League?, <I>Vetus Testamentum</I>, Vol. 25, Fasc. 2, No. 2a. Jubilee Number (May, 1975), p. 32</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0422.htm#4">Numbers 22:4, 7</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Karel van der Toorn, <I>Family Religion in Babylonia, Ugarit, and Israel: Continuity and Change in the Forms of Religious Life</I> (Leiden: E. J. Brill), p. 283.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Beno Rothenberg, <I>Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines</I> (London: Thames and Hudson, 1972).</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Michael M. Homan, <I>To Your Tents, O Israel!: The Terminology, Function, Form, and Symbolism of the Tents in the Bible and the Ancient Near East</I>, Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, Vol. 12 (Brill: 2002), p. 118</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm#1">Genesis 25:1–2</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0137.htm#28">Genesis 37:28</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0202.htm#11">Exodus 2:11–15</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0202.htm#21">Exodus 2:21</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Exodus 18</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Numbers 10:29–31</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0425.htm#6">Numbers 25:6–8, 14–15</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0425.htm#17">Numbers 25:17</A> and <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0431.htm#1">Numbers 31:1</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Pulpit Commentary and Gill's Exposition of the Bible, <A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://biblehub.com/numbers/25-17.htm">http://biblehub.com/numbers/25-17.htm</A> accessed 1 July 2015</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0502.htm#9">Deuteronomy 2:9</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-23"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+31&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Numbers 31 – New International Version"</A>. <I>Bible Gateway</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-08-14</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Numbers+31+%E2%80%93+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DNumbers%2B31%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMidian" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-24"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">1 Kings 11:17–18</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Cite_quran|15|78|e=79|s=ns-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Cite_quran|15|78|e=79|s=ns_25-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D15">%3Averse%3D78  15 :78–79</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Cite_quran|26|176|e=189|s=ns-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Cite_quran|26|176|e=189|s=ns_26-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D26">%3Averse%3D176  26 :176–189</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Cite_quran|38|13|e=15|s=ns-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Cite_quran|38|13|e=15|s=ns_27-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D38">%3Averse%3D13  38 :13–15</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Cite_quran|50|12|e=14|s=ns-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Cite_quran|50|12|e=14|s=ns_28-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D50">%3Averse%3D12  50 :12–14</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Ali, Abdullah Yusuf. [chrome-extension://klbibkeccnjlkjkiokjodocebajanakg/suspended.html#uri=<A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/stream/TheHolyQuranEnglishTranslationoftheMeaningandCommentary/The%20Holy%20Quran%20-%20Abdullah%20Yusuf%20Ali%20IFTA_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/TheHolyQuranEnglishTranslationoftheMeaningandCommentary/The%20Holy%20Quran%20-%20Abdullah%20Yusuf%20Ali%20IFTA_djvu.txt</A> <I>The Holy Quran – English Translation of the Meaning and Commentary</I>]<SPAN style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Check <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</CODE> value (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN>. King Fahd Holy Qur-an Printing Complex<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 March</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Quran+%E2%80%93+English+Translation+of+the+Meaning+and+Commentary&rft.pub=King+Fahd+Holy+Qur-an+Printing+Complex.&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Abdullah+Yusuf&rft_id=chrome-extension%3A%2F%2Fklbibkeccnjlkjkiokjodocebajanakg%2Fsuspended.html%23uri%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FTheHolyQuranEnglishTranslationoftheMeaningandCommentary%2FThe%2520Holy%2520Quran%2520-%2520Abdullah%2520Yusuf%2520Ali%2520IFTA_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMidian" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">B. Rothenberg and J.Glass, "The Midianite Pottery," in <I>Midian, Moab, and Edom: The History and Archaeology of the Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia,</I> JSOT Supplement Series 24, ed. John F.A. Sawyer and David J.A. Clines (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1983), pp. 65–124.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Tebes, "Pottery Makers and Premodern Exchange in the Fringes of Egypt: An Approximation to the Distribution of Iron Age Midianite Pottery," <I>Buried History</I> 43 (2007), pp. 11–26.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">George Mendenhall, "Qurayya and the Midianites," in <I>Studies in the History of Arabia</I>, Vol. 3, ed. A. R. Al-Ansary (Riyadh: King Saud University), pp. 137–45</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Peter J. Parr, "Further Reflections on Late Second Millennium Settlement in North West Arabia," in <I>Retrieving the Past: Essays on Archaeologial Research and Methodology</I>, ed. J. D. Seger (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1996), pp. 213–18.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Rothenberg, "Egyptian Chariots, Midianites from Hijaz/ Midian (Northwest Arabia) and Amalekites from the Negev in the Timna Mines: Rock drawings in the Ancient Copper Mines of the Arabah – new aspects of the region’s history II," <I>Institute for Archaeo-Metallurgical Studies</I>, newsletter no. 23 (2003), p. 12.</SPAN>
</LI>
</OL></DIV>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/File:PD-icon.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" width="12" height="12" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></A> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <A href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</A>: <CITE id="CITEREFSinger1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia"><A href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</A>;  et al., eds. (1901–1906). "<SUP><SPAN style="color:red">article name needed</SPAN></SUP>". <I><A href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</A></I>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Csup%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3Ared%22%3Earticle+name+needed%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls+Company&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMidian" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI></UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL><LI>Clines, David and John Sawyer, eds. "Midian, Moab and Edom: The History and Archaeology of Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia". <I>Journal for the Study of the Old Testament</I>, Supplement Series, No. 24. Sheffield Academic Press, 1983.</LI></UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL><LI>Singer, Isidore and M. Seligsohn. "<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=585&letter=M&search=Midian">Midian and Midianites</A>". <I><A href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</A></I>. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906, which cites to:</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishmag.com/95mag/timna/timna.htm">Archaeology of Timna</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Archaeology/timna.html">Another Timna archaeology site</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050721134132/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/burton/richard/b97m/preface1.html">Richard Burton's account of his travels in "The Land of Midian"</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051024234638/http://www.gemsinisrael.com/e_article000002707.htm">Spring of Harod – <I>Ma'ayan Harod</I></A></LI></UL>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the Quran</DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">hide</A></SPAN><DIV id="Characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</A></DIV></TH></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-humans</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</A> ("The <A href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</A>")
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam#List_of_names_and_attributes_of_God_as_found_in_the_Quran" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</A> of <A href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</A> found in the Quran, such as <I>Karīm</I> (Generous)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Beings in Paradise
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</A></I> or <I>Wildān</I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</A></I></LI></UL></LI></UL>
 </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI>The <I><A href="/wiki/Al-Baqara#Overview" title="Al-Baqara">baqarah</A></I> (cow) of Israelites</LI>
<LI>The <I><A href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhi’b</A></I> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</LI>
<LI>The <I><A href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</A>) of the Abyssinians)</LI>
<LI><I>Ḥimār</I> (Domesticated donkey)</LI>
<LI>The <I><A href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</A>) of Solomon</LI>
<LI>The <I>kalb</I> (dog) of the <A href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islamic_interpretation" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</A></LI>
<LI>The <I><A href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</A></I> (female ant) of Solomon</LI>
<LI>The <I><A href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</A></I> (fish or whale) of Jonah</LI>
<LI>The <I><A href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</A></I> (she-camel) of Saleh</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>Dābbat al-Arḍ</I> (<A href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Ḥimār</I> (<A href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</A>)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</A></I> ("<A href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</A>", "beast of prey" or "hunter")</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV></DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of angels">Angels</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI>Angels of Hell
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</A></I></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Angel of the Trumpet (<A href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</A> or <A href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</A> (Gabriel)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāl</A> (Michael)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">‘Izrā’īl Malakul-Mawt</A> (Azrael, Angel of Death)</LI>
<LI>Riḍwān</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Munkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Munkar">Munkar</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakir">Nakir</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</A></LI>
<LI><I>Kirāman Kātibīn</I> (Honourable Scribes)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</A></LI></UL></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">‘Ifrīt</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</A></I> ("Rebellious one")
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</A>)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</A> the (Chief) <I><A href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">Shayṭān</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</A>)</LI></UL></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</A></I></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets in Islam">Prophets</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</A> (<A href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</A>‘ (<A href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</A> (<A href="/wiki/Job" title="Job">Job</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</A> (<A href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</A> (Ezekiel?)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aaron#Islam" title="Aaron">Hārūn</A> (Aaron)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</A> (Eber?)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</A> (<A href="/wiki/Enoch_(ancestor_of_Noah)" title="Enoch (ancestor of Noah)">Enoch</A>?)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</A> (Elijah)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">‘Imrān</A> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</A> (<A href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismā‘īl</A> (<A href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</A>)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Isma'il <I>Ṣādiq al-Wa‘d</I> (Fulfiller of the Promise)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</A> (<A href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṣāliḥ">Ṣāliḥ</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shu‘ayb</A> (Jethro, Reuel or <A href="/wiki/List_of_minor_biblical_figures#Hobab" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minor biblical figures">Hobab</A>?)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</A> ibn Dāwūd (<A href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</A> son of David)</LI>
<LI>‘<A href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</A> (Ezra?)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</A> ibn Zakariyyā (<A href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</A> the son of Zechariah)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Ya‘qūb</A> (<A href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</A>)
<UL><LI>Isrā’īl (Israel)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</A> (<A href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</A>)
<UL><LI><I>Dhūn-Nūn</I> ("He of the <A href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</A> (or <A href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</A>)" or "Owner of the Fish (or Whale)")</LI>
<LI><I>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</I> ("Companion of the Whale")</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</A> ibn Ya‘qūb (<A href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</A> son of Jacob)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zechariah_(priest)#In_Islam" title="Zechariah (priest)">Zakariyyā</A> (<A href="/wiki/Zechariah_(priest)" title="Zechariah (priest)">Zechariah</A>)</LI></UL>
  </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulu-l-‘Azm</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Muḥammad</A>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Ahmad" title="Ahmad">Aḥmad</A></LI>
<LI>Other <A href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</A> (<A href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</A>)
<UL><LI><I>Al-Masīḥ</I> (The <A href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Ibn Maryam</I> (Son of Mary)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</A> (<A href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</A> He who spoke to God)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</A> (<A href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</A> Friend of God)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</A> (<A href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</A>)</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Dhul-Qarnayn" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</A> (<A href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Quran" title="Cyrus the Great in the Quran">Cyrus the Great</A>?)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</A> (<A href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</A> (<A href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</A> or <A href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</A>?)</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</A> (Jeremiah)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamū’īl</A> (<A href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joshua#Joshua_in_Islamic_history" title="Joshua">Yūsha‘ ibn Nūn</A> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV></DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran#Contemporaries,_relatives_or_followers_of_Prophets" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">People of Prophets</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</A> (possibly <A href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pharaoh_of_the_Exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharaoh of the Exodus">Fir‘awn</A> (<A href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</A> of Moses' time)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</A> (Goliath)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</A> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Abu_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Lahab">Abī Lahab</A></LI>
<LI>Slayers of Saleh's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI>Adam's immediate relatives
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</A></LI>
<LI>Family of Noah
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</A></LI>
<LI>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Luqman's son</LI>
<LI>People of Aaron and Moses
<UL><LI>Believer of Fir'aun Family (Hizbil/Hizqil ibn Sabura)</LI>
<LI><I>Imra’at Fir‘awn</I> (<A href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</A> or <A href="/wiki/Bithiah#In_Islamic_tradition" title="Bithiah">Bithiah</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Khidr</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>People of Abraham
<UL><LI>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sarah#Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>People of Jesus
<UL><LI>Disciples (including <A href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>People of Joseph
<UL><LI>Brothers (including <A href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</A> (Benjamin) and <A href="/wiki/Simeon_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon (Hebrew Bible)">Simeon</A>)</LI>
<LI>Egyptians
<UL><LI><I>‘Azīz</I> (<A href="/wiki/Potiphar" class="mw-redirect" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</A>, Qatafir or Qittin)</LI>
<LI><I>Malik</I> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</LI>
<LI>Wife of <I>‘Azīz</I> (<A href="/wiki/Zuleikha" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha">Zulaykhah</A>)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rachel_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachel in Islam">Mother</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>People of Solomon
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or not specified</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Abrahah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahah">Abrahah</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Barsisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Barsisa">Barsisa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</A> the companion of Joshua</LI>
<LI>Luqman's son</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</A></LI>
<LI>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV></DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</I>
<UL><LI>People of Paradise</LI>
<LI>People of the Burnt Garden</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</I> (Companions of the <A href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Apostle_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle (Christian)">Christian apostles</A>
<UL><LI><I>Ḥawāriyyūn</I> (<A href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</A>)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</A></LI>
<LI><I>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</I> (<A href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islamic_interpretation" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</A> and <A href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</A> or <A href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</A></LI>
<LI><I>Qawm Lūṭ</I> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</LI>
<LI>Nation of Noah</LI></UL>
  </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH id="Tribes,_ethnicities_or_families" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes, ethnicities or families</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>A‘rāb</I> (<A href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</A> or <A href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</A>)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</A> (people of Hud)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</A></LI>
<LI><I>Qawm Tubba‘</I> (People of <A href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</A>)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">People of Saba’ or Sheba</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</A> (people of Saleh)
<UL><LI><I>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</I> ("Companions of the <A href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</A>")</LI></UL></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>‘<A href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</A></LI>
<LI><I>Ar-<A href="/wiki/R%C5%ABm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rūm">Rūm</A></I> (literally "The <A href="/wiki/Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans">Romans</A>")</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrā’īl</A></I> (Children of Israel)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Mu’tafikāt</A></I> (The overthrown cities of Sodom and Gomorrah)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</A></LI>
<LI>People of Shuaib
<UL><LI><I>Ahl Madyan</I> <A href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</I> ("Companions of the Wood")</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Qawm <A href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</A></I> (People of Jonah)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</A></LI>
<LI><I>Ahl al-Bayt</I> ("People of the Household")
<UL><LI>Household of Abraham
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Lot" class="mw-redirect" title="Daughters of Lot">Daughters of Abraham's nephew Lot (Ritha, Za'ura, et al.)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</A></LI>
<LI>Household of Moses</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</A> <A href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</A>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wives_of_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Wives of Muhammad">Wives of Muhammad</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Household of Salih</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</A>
<UL><LI><I>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</I> (<A href="/wiki/Sahabah" title="Sahabah">Companions of Muhammad</A>)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</A> (Muslims of Medina who helped Muhammad and his Meccan followers, literally 'Helpers')</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</A> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</LI></UL></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>People of <A href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</A>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Umm Jamil (wife of Abu Lahab)</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Dead son of Sulaiman</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Qabil/Cain (son of Adam)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wali'ah or Wa'ilah/Waala (wife of Nuh)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Walihah or Wahilah (wife of Lut)</A></LI>
<LI><I>Ya’jūj wa Ma’jūj</I> (<A href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Yam or Kan'an (son of Nuh)</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<BR />mentioned</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</A></LI>
<LI><I>Ahl as-Suffa</I> (People of the Verandah)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Banu_Aus" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Aus">Aus</A> & <A href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</A></LI>
<LI>People of <A href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious groups</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-dhimmah (Dhimmi)</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</A></I> (Infidels)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zoroastrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrians">Zoroastrians</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Munafiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Munafiq">Munāfiq</A>ūn</I> (<A href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslims</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</A> (Ahl al-Kitāb)
<UL><LI><I>Naṣārā</I> (<A href="/wiki/Christian" title="Christian">Christian</A>(s) or People of the Injil)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Yahūd</I> (<A href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</A>)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</A>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</A> at the time of Muhammad</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_polytheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Mesopotamian polytheism">Mesopotamian polytheists</A> at the time of Abraham and Lot</LI></UL></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV></DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Al-Ar%E1%B8%8D_Al-Muqaddasah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</A></I> ("The Holy Land")
<UL><LI>'Blessed' Land</LI></UL></LI>
<LI>In the <A href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</A> (excluding Madyan)
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</A></I> ("The Sandy Plains," or "the Wind-curved Sand-hills")
<UL><LI><I>Iram dhāt al-‘Imād</I> (<A href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</A>)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</A></I> (formerly <A href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">‘Arafāt</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" title="Mada'in Saleh">Al-Ḥijr</A></I> (Hegra)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</A></LI>
<LI><I>Makkah</I> (<A href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</A>)
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</A> Āminan</I> ("Sanctuary (which is) Secure")</LI>
<LI><I>Ka‘bah</I> (<A href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</A>)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram#Maqām_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid al-Haram">Maqām Ibrāhīm</A></I> (Station of Abraham)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwah" class="mw-redirect" title="Safa and Marwah">Safa and Marwah</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Saba’</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</A>)
<UL><LI><I>‘Arim Saba’</I> (<A href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</A>)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</A>, literally "The Garden")</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</A>)</LI>
<LI>In <A href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</A>:
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</A>
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</A></I> ("Place-of-Landing Blessed")</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Bābil</I> (<A href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Qaryat Yūnus</I> ("Township of <A href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</A>," that is <A href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</A>)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Door of Hittah</LI>
<LI><I>Madyan</I> (<A class="mw-selflink selflink">Midian</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn</I></LI>
<LI><I>Miṣr</I> (Mainland <A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</A>)</LI>
<LI>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</A> or Tīh Desert
<UL><LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</A> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</I> (The Holy <A href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</A>)
<UL><LI><I>Al-Wādil-Ayman</I> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <A href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</A>)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</A> or <A href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</A></LI></UL></LI></UL>
  </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH id="Religious_locations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious locations</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bay'a (Church)</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</A></LI>
<LI><I>Masjid</I> (<A href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</A>, literally "Place of <A href="/wiki/Sajdah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sajdah">Prostration</A>")
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Al-Mash%E2%80%98ar_Al-%E1%B8%A4ar%C4%81m" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash‘ar Al-Ḥarām">Al-Mash‘ar Al-Ḥarām</A></I> ("The Sacred Grove")</LI>
<LI><I>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</I> (<A href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</A>, literally "The Farthest Place-of-Prostration")</LI>
<LI><I>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</I> (The <A href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</A> of Mecca)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</A></LI>
<LI>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
<UL><LI><I>Masjid Qubā’</I> (<A href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</A>)</LI>
<LI>The <A href="/wiki/Prophet%27s_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet's Mosque">Prophet's Mosque</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</A>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Arabia</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dhul-Qarnayn" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</A> & <A href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</A></I> (Mesopotamia)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</A></LI>
<LI><I>Dār an-Nadwa</I></LI>
<LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</A></I> (literally "The Barrier")
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone">Black Stone (Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad)</A> & <A href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Hira">Cave of Hira</A> & <A href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr">Ghar al-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ta%27if" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</A> River</LI>
<LI>Palestine River</LI>
<LI>Paradise of <A href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV></DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>Baṣal</I> (Onion)</LI>
<LI><I>Fūm</I> (Garlic or wheat)</LI>
<LI><I>Shaṭ’</I> (Shoot)</LI>
<LI><I>Sūq</I> (Plant stem)</LI>
<LI><I>Zar‘</I> (Seed)</LI></UL>
 </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>‘Adas</I> (<A href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Baql</I> (Herb)</LI>
<LI><I>Ḥabb dhul-‘aṣf</I> (Corn of the husk)</LI>
<LI><I>Qith-thā’</I> (Cucumber)</LI>
<LI><I>Rummān</I> (<A href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Tīn</I> (Fig)</LI>
<LI><I>Ukul khamṭ</I> (Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)</LI>
<LI><I>Zaytūn</I> (Olive)</LI>
<LI>In Paradise
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</A></LI></UL></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees or plants</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI>Plants of Sheba
<UL><LI><I>Athl</I> (<A href="/wiki/Tamarisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamarisk">Tamarisk</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Sidr</I> (<A href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</A>)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Līnah</I> (Tender <A href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Nakhl</I> (<A href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</A>)</LI>
<LI><I>Rayḥān</I> (Scented plant)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Islamic holy books</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</A></I> (The <A href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</A> of Jesus)</LI>
<LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qur’ān</A></I> (The Book of Muhammad)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrolls of Abraham (Islam)">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</A></I> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</LI>
<LI><I>At-<A href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</A></I> (The <A href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</A>)
<UL><LI><I><A href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</A></I> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Az-<A href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</A></I> (The <A href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</A> of David)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</A></I> ("Mother of the Book(s)")</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects of people or beings</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly Food of Christian Apostles</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</A></I> (Casket of Shekhinah)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</A></LI>
<LI>Trumpet of Israfil</LI></UL>
 </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH id="Mentioned_idols_(cult_images)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<BR /> (cult images)</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI>'Ansāb</LI>
<LI>Idols of Israelites:
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baal</A></LI>
<LI>The <I>‘ijl</I> (<A href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</A> statue) of Israelites</LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Idols of Noah's people:
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Nasr_(idol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasr (idol)">Nasr</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwā‘</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Ya‘ūq</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI>Idols of Quraysh:
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Al-%E2%80%98Uzz%C3%A1" title="Al-‘Uzzá">Al-‘Uzzá</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Man%C4%81t" title="Manāt">Manāt</A></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Jibt</I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</A></I></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial bodies</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"><I>Maṣābīḥ</I> (literally 'lamps'):
<UL><LI><I>Al-Qamar</I> (The Moon)</LI>
<LI><I>Kawākib</I> (Planets)
<UL><LI><I>Al-Arḍ</I> (The Earth)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Nujūm</I> (Stars)
<UL><LI><I>Ash-Shams</I> (The Sun)</LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<LI><I>Mā’</I> (Water or fluid)
<UL><LI><I>Nahr</I> (River)</LI>
<LI><I>Yamm</I> (River or sea)</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Sharāb</I> (Drink)</LI>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events, incidents, occasions or times</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI>Incident of Ifk</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Laylat al-Qadr">Laylat al-Qadr</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubahala">Mubahalah</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%E2%80%98Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-‘Arim">Sayl al-‘Arim</A></I> (Flood of the Great Dam of <A href="/wiki/Marib" class="mw-redirect" title="Marib">Marib</A> in Sheba)</LI>
<LI>The <A href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</A></LI></UL>
</DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH id="Battles_or_military_expeditions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or military expeditions</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <I>al-Aḥzāb</I></A> ("the Confederates")</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabouk" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tabouk">Battle of Tabouk</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
 </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" title="Jumu'ah">Jumu‘ah</A></I> (The Friday)</LI>
<LI><I>As-<A href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</A></I> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</LI>
<LI>Days of battles</LI>
<LI>Days of Hajj</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
 </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the <A href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI>Four holy months</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</A></I> (literally "The Pilgrimmage", the Greater Pilgrimage)</LI>
<LI><I>Al-‘<A href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</A></I> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for Prayer or Remembrance</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">Times for <I><A href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</A></I> ('<A href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</A>'), <I><A href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</A></I> ('Remembrance', including <I><A href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</A></I> ('Praising'), <I><A href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</A></I>):
<UL><LI><I>Al-‘Ashiyy</I> (The Afternoon or the Night)</LI>
<LI><I>Al-Ghuduww</I> ("The Mornings")
<UL><LI><I>Al-Bukrah</I> ("The Morning")</LI>
<LI><I>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</I> ("The Morning")</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Al-Layl</I> ("The Night")
<UL><LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">‘Ishā’</A></I> ("The Late-Night")</LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Aẓ-<A href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</A></I> ("The Noon")</LI>
<LI><I>Dulūk ash-Shams</I> ("Decline of the Sun")
<UL><LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masā’</A></I> ("The Evening")</LI>
<LI><I>Qabl al-<A href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</A></I> ("Before the Setting (of the Sun)")
<UL><LI><I>Al-Aṣīl</I> ("The Afternoon")</LI>
<LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">Aṣr</A></I> ("The Afternoon")</LI></UL></LI></UL></LI>
<LI><I>Qabl ṭulū‘ ash-Shams</I> ("Before the rising of the Sun")
<UL><LI><I>Al-<A href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</A></I> ("The Dawn")</LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
 </DIV><TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Event_of_Ghadir_Khumm" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Ghadir Khumm">Event of Ghadir Khumm</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/The_first_pilgrimage" title="The first pilgrimage">The first pilgrimage</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV></DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><DIV><B>Note:</B> The names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>

<!--
NewPP limit report
Parsed by mw1333
Cached time: 20180811125254
Cache expiry: 1900800
Dynamic content: false
CPU time usage: 0.564 seconds
Real time usage: 0.673 seconds
Preprocessor visited node count: 2639/1000000
Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000
Post‐expand include size: 230933/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 1054/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 15/40
Expensive parser function count: 0/500
Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20
Unstrip post‐expand size: 15868/5000000 bytes
Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400
Lua time usage: 0.269/10.000 seconds
Lua memory usage: 13.98 MB/50 MB
-->
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00%  489.615      1 -total
 28.03%  137.219     19 Template:Navbox
 27.51%  134.702      2 Template:Lang-ar
 12.41%   60.776      1 Template:Qur'anic_people
 10.17%   49.809     13 Template:Bibleverse
  8.59%   42.073      1 Template:About
  7.98%   39.055      1 Template:Cite_web
  6.61%   32.378      2 Template:ISBN
  5.65%   27.682      1 Template:IPAc-en
  5.51%   26.982      1 Template:JewishEncyclopedia
-->
</DIV>
<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:316240-0!canonical and timestamp 20180811125253 and revision id 851843210
 -->
<NOSCRIPT><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></NOSCRIPT></DIV>					<DIV class="printfooter">
						Retrieved from "<A dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midian&oldid=851843210">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midian&oldid=851843210</A>"					</DIV>
				<DIV id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><DIV id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><A href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</A>: <UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Midian" title="Category:Midian">Midian</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Hebrew_Bible_nations" title="Category:Hebrew Bible nations">Hebrew Bible nations</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_peoples_of_the_Near_East" title="Category:Ancient peoples of the Near East">Ancient peoples of the Near East</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Semitic-speaking_peoples" title="Category:Semitic-speaking peoples">Semitic-speaking peoples</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_the_Bible" title="Category:Massacres in the Bible">Massacres in the Bible</A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_URL_errors" title="Category:Pages with URL errors">Pages with URL errors</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1906_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1906_Jewish_Encyclopedia_with_no_article_parameter" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia with no article parameter">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia with no article parameter</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1906_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia</A></LI></UL></DIV></DIV>				<DIV class="visualClear"></DIV>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
		<DIV id="mw-navigation">
			<H2>Navigation menu</H2>
			<DIV id="mw-head">
									<DIV id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">
						<H3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</LI><LI id="pt-anontalk"><A href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]" accesskey="n">Talk</A></LI><LI id="pt-anoncontribs"><A href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</A></LI><LI id="pt-createaccount"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Midian" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</A></LI><LI id="pt-login"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Midian" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]" accesskey="o">Log in</A></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
									<DIV id="left-navigation">
										<DIV id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label">
						<H3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Midian" title="View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]" accesskey="c">Article</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-talk"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Talk:Midian" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]" accesskey="t">Talk</A></SPAN></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label">
												<INPUT type="checkbox" class="vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" />
						<H3 id="p-variants-label">
							<SPAN>Variants</SPAN>
						</H3>
						<DIV class="menu">
							<UL>
															</UL>
						</DIV>
					</DIV>
									</DIV>
				<DIV id="right-navigation">
										<DIV id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label">
						<H3 id="p-views-label">Views</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Midian">Read</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-edit" class="collapsible"><SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=edit" title="Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]" accesskey="e">Edit</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]" accesskey="h">View history</A></SPAN></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label">
						<INPUT type="checkbox" class="vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" />
						<H3 id="p-cactions-label"><SPAN>More</SPAN></H3>
						<DIV class="menu">
							<UL>
															</UL>
						</DIV>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-search" role="search">
						<H3>
							<LABEL for="searchInput">Search</LABEL>
						</H3>
						<FORM action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
							<DIV id="simpleSearch">
								<INPUT type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" title="Search Wikipedia [ctrl-alt-f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" tabindex="1" autocomplete="off" /><INPUT type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title" /><INPUT type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton" />							</DIV>
						</FORM>
					</DIV>
									</DIV>
			</DIV>
			<DIV id="mw-panel">
				<DIV id="p-logo" role="banner"><A class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></A></DIV>
						<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label">
			<H3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="n-mainpage-description"><A href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]" accesskey="z">Main page</A></LI><LI id="n-contents"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</A></LI><LI id="n-featuredcontent"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</A></LI><LI id="n-currentevents"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</A></LI><LI id="n-randompage"><A href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]" accesskey="x">Random article</A></LI><LI id="n-sitesupport"><A href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</A></LI><LI id="n-shoplink"><A href="//shop.wikimedia.org" title="Visit the Wikipedia store">Wikipedia store</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label">
			<H3 id="p-interaction-label">Interaction</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="n-help"><A href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</A></LI><LI id="n-aboutsite"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</A></LI><LI id="n-portal"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</A></LI><LI id="n-recentchanges"><A href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</A></LI><LI id="n-contactpage"><A href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact page</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label">
			<H3 id="p-tb-label">Tools</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="t-whatlinkshere"><A href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Midian" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]" accesskey="j">What links here</A></LI><LI id="t-recentchangeslinked"><A href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Midian" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</A></LI><LI id="t-upload"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</A></LI><LI id="t-specialpages"><A href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</A></LI><LI id="t-permalink"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&oldid=851843210" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</A></LI><LI id="t-info"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</A></LI><LI id="t-wikibase"><A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q851761" title="Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</A></LI><LI id="t-cite"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Midian&id=851843210" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label">
			<H3 id="p-coll-print_export-label">Print/export</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="coll-create_a_book"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Midian">Create a book</A></LI><LI id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Midian&action=show-download-screen">Download as PDF</A></LI><LI id="t-print"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Midian&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label"><BUTTON class="uls-settings-trigger" title="Language settings"></BUTTON>
			<H3 id="p-lang-label">Languages</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><A href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%9D" title="ምድያም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="قوم مدين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مدین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br" style="display: none;"><A href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midyan" title="Midyan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madian" title="Madian – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midj%C3%A1n" title="Midján – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midian" title="Midian – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el" style="display: none;"><A href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Μαδιάμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madi%C3%A1n" title="Madián – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مدین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madyan" title="Madyan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madian" title="Madian – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מדין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midjan" title="Midjan – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midi%C3%A3" title="Midiã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%86" title="گەلی مەدیەن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><A href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مدین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">8 more</BUTTON></UL>
				<DIV class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><SPAN class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q851761#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</A></SPAN></DIV>			</DIV>
		</DIV>
				</DIV>
		</DIV>
				<DIV id="footer" role="contentinfo">
						<UL id="footer-info">
								<LI id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 July 2018, at 23:46<SPAN class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</SPAN>.</LI>
								<LI id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <A rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</A><A rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></A>;
additional terms may apply.  By using this site, you agree to the <A href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</A> and <A href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</A>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <A href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</A>, a non-profit organization.</LI>
							</UL>
						<UL id="footer-places">
								<LI id="footer-places-privacy"><A href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-about"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-disclaimer"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-contact"><A href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-developers"><A href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><A href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-mobileview"><A href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midian&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</A></LI>
							<LI style="display: none;"><A href="#">Enable previews</A></LI></UL>
										<UL id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
										<LI id="footer-copyrightico">
						<A href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><IMG src="/static/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" /></A>					</LI>
										<LI id="footer-poweredbyico">
						<A href="//www.mediawiki.org/"><IMG src="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" /></A>					</LI>
									</UL>
						<DIV style="clear: both;"></DIV>
		</DIV>

<DIV id="mwe-popups-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" height="0"><defs><clipPath id="mwe-popups-mask"><polygon points="0 8, 10 8, 18 0, 26 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-mask-flip"><polygon points="0 8, 274 8, 282 0, 290 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-landscape-mask"><polygon points="0 8, 174 8, 182 0, 190 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-landscape-mask-flip"><polygon points="0 0, 1000 0, 1000 242, 190 242, 182 250, 174 242, 0 242"></polygon></clipPath></defs></svg></DIV><DIV class="suggestions" style="display: none; font-size: 13px;"><DIV class="suggestions-results"></DIV><DIV class="suggestions-special"></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>