Scott Joplin

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			<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Scott Joplin</H1>
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the biographical film, see <A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin_(film)" title="Scott Joplin (film)">Scott Joplin (film)</A>. For the painting by Ellen Banks, see <A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin_(painting)" title="Scott Joplin (painting)">Scott Joplin (painting)</A>.</DIV>
<TABLE class="infobox vcard plainlist" style="width:22em">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #f4bf92"><SPAN class="fn">Scott Joplin</SPAN></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Scott_Joplin_19072.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Scott Joplin 19072.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Scott_Joplin_19072.jpg" width="200" height="260" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="260" /></A>
<DIV>Scott Joplin in June 1903. This picture also appears on the cover of "The Cascades" from 1904.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #f4bf92">Background information</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row"><SPAN class="nowrap">Birth name</SPAN></TH>
<TD class="nickname">Scott Joplin</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Born</TH>
<TD><ABBR title="circa">c.</ABBR> late 1867 or 1868 (tombstone says November 24, 1868)<BR />
<SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</A>, U.S.</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Origin</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana, Texas</A>, U.S.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Died</TH>
<TD>April 1, 1917<SPAN style="display:none">(<SPAN class="dday deathdate">1917-04-01</SPAN>)</SPAN> (aged 48)<BR />
<SPAN class="nowrap">New York City</SPAN>, New York, U.S.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Genres</TH>
<TD>
<DIV class="hlist">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">march</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row"><SPAN class="nowrap">Occupation(s)</SPAN></TH>
<TD class="role">
<DIV class="hlist">
<UL>
<LI>Composer</LI>
<LI>pianist</LI>
<LI>music teacher</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Instruments</TH>
<TD class="note">
<DIV class="hlist">
<UL>
<LI>Piano</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">cornet</A></LI>
<LI>guitar</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</A></LI>
<LI>violin</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</A></LI>
<LI>vocals</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row"><SPAN class="nowrap">Years active</SPAN></TH>
<TD>1895–1917</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<P><B>Signature</B></P>
<A href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Scott_Joplin.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Signature of Scott Joplin.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Signature_of_Scott_Joplin.svg/140px-Signature_of_Scott_Joplin.svg.png" width="140" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Signature_of_Scott_Joplin.svg/210px-Signature_of_Scott_Joplin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Signature_of_Scott_Joplin.svg/280px-Signature_of_Scott_Joplin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="75" /></A></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><B>Scott Joplin</B> (<SPAN class="nowrap"><SPAN class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<SPAN style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><SPAN title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</SPAN><SPAN title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</SPAN><SPAN title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</SPAN><SPAN title="'p' in 'pie'">p</SPAN><SPAN title="'l' in 'lie'">l</SPAN><SPAN title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</SPAN><SPAN title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</SPAN></SPAN>/</A></SPAN></SPAN>; <ABBR title="circa">c.</ABBR> 1867/68 or November 24, 1868– April 1, 1917) was an <A href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</A> composer and pianist. Joplin achieved fame for his <A href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</A> compositions and was dubbed the "King of Ragtime".<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP> During his brief career, he wrote 44 original <A href="/wiki/Classic_rag" title="Classic rag">ragtime pieces</A>, one ragtime ballet, and two operas. One of his first, and most popular pieces, the "<A href="/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Rag" title="Maple Leaf Rag">Maple Leaf Rag</A>", became ragtime's first and most influential hit, and has been recognized as the <A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/archetype#Pronunciation" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:archetype">archetypal</A> rag.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Joplin was born into a musical family of railway laborers in <A href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</A>, and developed his musical knowledge with the help of local teachers. Joplin grew up in <A href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</A>, where he formed a vocal quartet, and taught mandolin and guitar. During the late 1880s he left his job as a laborer with the railroad, and travelled around the <A href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">American South</A> as an itinerant musician. He went to Chicago for the <A href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Fair</A> of 1893, which played a major part in making ragtime a national craze by 1897.</P>
<P>Joplin moved to <A href="/wiki/Sedalia,_Missouri" title="Sedalia, Missouri">Sedalia, Missouri</A>, in 1894 and earned a living as a piano teacher; there he taught future ragtime composers <A href="/wiki/Arthur_Marshall_(composer)" title="Arthur Marshall (composer)">Arthur Marshall</A>, <A href="/wiki/Scott_Hayden" title="Scott Hayden">Scott Hayden</A> and <A href="/wiki/Brun_Campbell" title="Brun Campbell">Brun Campbell</A>. Joplin began publishing music in 1895, and publication of his "Maple Leaf Rag" in 1899 brought him fame. This piece had a profound influence on subsequent writers of ragtime. It also brought the composer a steady income for life, though Joplin did not reach this level of success again and frequently had financial problems. In 1901 Joplin moved to <A href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</A>, where he continued to compose and publish music, and regularly performed in the St. Louis community. The score to his first opera <I><A href="/wiki/A_Guest_of_Honor_(opera)" title="A Guest of Honor (opera)">A Guest of Honor</A></I> was confiscated in 1903 with his belongings because of a non-payment of bills, and is now considered lost.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP> He continued to compose and publish music, and in 1907 moved to New York City to find a producer for a new opera. He attempted to go beyond the limitations of the musical form that made him famous, without much monetary success. His second opera, <I><A href="/wiki/Treemonisha" title="Treemonisha">Treemonisha</A></I>, was not received well at its partially staged performance in 1915.</P>
<P>In 1916, Joplin descended into <A href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</A> as a result of <A href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</A>. He was admitted to a mental institution in January 1917, and died there three months later at the age of 49. Joplin's death is widely considered to mark the end of ragtime as a mainstream music format, and in the next several years it evolved with other styles into <A href="/wiki/Stride_(music)" title="Stride (music)">stride</A>, <A href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</A>, and eventually big band <A href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</A>. His music was rediscovered and returned to popularity in the early 1970s with the release of a million-selling album recorded by <A href="/wiki/Joshua_Rifkin" title="Joshua Rifkin">Joshua Rifkin</A>. This was followed by the Academy Award–winning 1973 movie <I><A href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</A></I> that featured several of his compositions including "<A href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(rag)" title="The Entertainer (rag)">The Entertainer</A>". The opera <I>Treemonisha</I> was finally produced in full to wide acclaim in 1972. In 1976, Joplin was posthumously awarded a <A href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</A>.</P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Early_life"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Early life</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Life_in_the_Southern_states_and_Chicago"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Life in the Southern states and Chicago</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Life_in_Missouri"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Life in Missouri</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#Later_years_and_death"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Later years and death</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Works"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Works</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Treemonisha"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext"><I>Treemonisha</I></SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="#Performance_skills"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Performance skills</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Legacy"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Legacy</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Museum"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Museum</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#Revival"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Revival</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#Other_awards_and_recognition"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Other awards and recognition</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="#Notes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><A href="#Bibliography"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Bibliography</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><A href="#Books"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Books</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><A href="#Web-pages"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Web-pages</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><A href="#Journals"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.1.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Journals</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><A href="#Recordings_and_sheet_music"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Recordings and sheet music</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>According to author Edward A. Berlin, "One tenacious myth tells us that Joplin was born in Texarkana, Texas, on November 24, 1868. The location is easily dispensed with: Texarkana was not established until 1873." But, based on a letter discovered by musicologist John Tennison in 2015 in the December 19, 1856 edition of the <I>Times-Picayune,</I> it is clear that Texarkana was established as a place-name at least as early as 1856. Consequently, it appears possible that Joplin, born 12 years later, could have been born in Texarkana. Despite evidence to support such a conclusion, some insist that Joplin was born in <A href="/wiki/Linden,_Texas" title="Linden, Texas">Linden, Texas</A>, either in late 1867 or early 1868.<SUP id="cite_ref-birthdate_5-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-birthdate-5">[5]</A></SUP> He was the second of six children (the others being Monroe, Robert, William, Myrtle, and Ossie)<SUP id="cite_ref-jasen_6-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-jasen-6">[6]</A></SUP> born to Giles Joplin, an ex-slave from <A href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</A>, and Florence Givens, a freeborn African-American woman from <A href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-LindenBirthplace_8-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LindenBirthplace-8">[8]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The Joplins subsequently moved to Texarkana where Giles worked as a laborer for the railroad and Florence was a cleaner. Joplin's father had played the <A href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</A> for plantation parties in North Carolina, and his mother sang and played the <A href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-jasen_6-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-jasen-6">[6]</A></SUP> Joplin was given a rudimentary musical education by his family and from the age of seven, he was allowed to play the piano while his mother cleaned.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP></P>
<P>At some point in the early 1880s, Giles Joplin left the family for another woman. His wife Florence struggled to support her children through domestic work. Biographer Susan Curtis speculated that the mother's support of Joplin's musical education was critical to the parents' separation. Joplin's father wanted the boy to pursue practical employment that would supplement the family income.<SUP id="cite_ref-Curtis38_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Curtis38-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<P>According to a family friend, the young Joplin was serious and ambitious, studying music and playing the piano after school. While a few local teachers aided him, he received most of his music education from <A href="/wiki/Julius_Weiss" title="Julius Weiss">Julius Weiss</A>, a <A href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</A>-born music professor who had immigrated to Texas in the late 1860s and was employed as music tutor to a prominent local business family.<SUP id="cite_ref-Albrecht_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Albrecht-12">[12]</A></SUP> Weiss had studied music at university in Germany and was listed in town records as a <I>Professor of music.</I> Impressed by Joplin's talent, and realizing his family's dire straits, Weiss taught him free of charge. He tutored the 11-year-old Joplin until the boy was 16, during which time Weiss introduced him to <A href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</A> and classical music, including opera. Weiss helped Joplin appreciate music as an "art as well as an entertainment,"<SUP id="cite_ref-Berlin7-8_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Berlin7-8-13">[13]</A></SUP> and helped his mother acquire a used piano. According to Weiss' wife, Lottie, Joplin never forgot Weiss. In his later years, after achieving fame as a composer, Joplin sent his former teacher "...gifts of money when he was old and ill," until Weiss died.<SUP id="cite_ref-Albrecht_12-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Albrecht-12">[12]</A></SUP> At the age of 16, Joplin performed in a vocal quartet with three other boys in and around Texarkana, also playing piano. In addition he taught guitar and mandolin.<SUP id="cite_ref-Berlin7-8_13-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Berlin7-8-13">[13]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Life_in_the_Southern_states_and_Chicago">Life in the Southern states and Chicago</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life in the Southern states and Chicago">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In the late 1880s, having performed at various local events as a teenager, Joplin chose to give up work as a laborer with the railroad and left Texarkana to become a traveling musician.<SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP> Little is known about his movements at this time, although he is recorded in Texarkana in July 1891 as a member of the Texarkana Minstrels in a performance that happened to be raising money for a monument to <A href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</A>, President of the Southern Confederacy.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP> He soon discovered, however, that there were few opportunities for black pianists. Churches and <A href="/wiki/Brothels" class="mw-redirect" title="Brothels">brothels</A> were among the few options for steady work. Joplin played pre-ragtime 'jig-piano' in various <A href="/wiki/Red-light_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-light districts">red-light districts</A> throughout the mid-South, and some claim he was in Sedalia and St. Louis during this time.<SUP id="cite_ref-Kirk_2001_p._190_16-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Kirk_2001_p._190-16">[16]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1893 Joplin was in Chicago for the <A href="/wiki/Columbian_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbian Exposition">World's Fair</A>. While in Chicago, he formed his first band playing <A href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">cornet</A> and began arranging music for the group to perform. Although the World's Fair minimized the involvement of African-Americans, black performers still came to the saloons, cafés and brothels that lined the fair. The exposition was attended by 27 million Americans and had a profound effect on many areas of American cultural life, including ragtime. Although specific information is sparse, numerous sources have credited the Chicago World Fair with spreading the popularity of ragtime.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP> Joplin found that his music, as well as that of other black performers, was popular with visitors.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP> By 1897 ragtime had become a national craze in American cities, and was described by the <I>St. Louis Dispatch</I> as "...a veritable call of the wild, which mightily stirred the pulses of city bred people."<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Life_in_Missouri">Life in Missouri</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life in Missouri">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:1906_-_Scott_Joplin%27s_Maple_Leaf_Rag_(1899)_played_by_the_United_States_Marine_Band.ogg" title="File:1906 - Scott Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag (1899) played by the United States Marine Band.ogg">Maple Leaf Rag</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">1906 recording of the "Maple Leaf Rag" by the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">United States Marine Band</A>. This is the first surviving recording of the "Maple Leaf Rag"<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[21]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2010_23-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2010-23">[23]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedHotJazz_24-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedHotJazz-24">[24]</A></SUP></DIV>
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<P>In 1894 Joplin arrived in <A href="/wiki/Sedalia,_Missouri" title="Sedalia, Missouri">Sedalia, Missouri</A>. At first, Joplin stayed with the family of <A href="/wiki/Arthur_Marshall_(ragtime_composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Marshall (ragtime composer)">Arthur Marshall</A>, at the time a 13-year-old boy but later one of Joplin's students and a rag-time composer in his own right.<SUP id="cite_ref-Berlin245_25-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Berlin245-25">[25]</A></SUP> There is no record of Joplin having a permanent residence in the town until 1904, as Joplin was making a living as a touring musician.</P>
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Front cover of the third edition of the "Maple Leaf Rag" sheet music</DIV>
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<P>There is little precise evidence known about Joplin's activities at this time, although he performed as a solo musician at dances and at the major black clubs in Sedalia, the Black 400 club and the Maple Leaf Club. He performed in the Queen City Cornet Band, and his own six-piece dance orchestra. A tour with his own singing group, the Texas Medley Quartet, gave him his first opportunity to publish his own compositions and it is known that he went to <A href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, New York</A> and Texas. Two businessmen from New York published Joplin's first two works, the songs "Please Say You Will", and "A Picture of her Face" in 1895.<SUP id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-26">[26]</A></SUP> Joplin's visit to <A href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple, Texas</A> enabled him to have three pieces published there in 1896, including the <A href="/wiki/Crush,_Texas#Scott_Joplin.27s_.22Great_Crush_Collision_March.22" title="Crush, Texas">"Great Crush Collision March"</A>, which commemorated a <A href="/wiki/Crush,_Texas" title="Crush, Texas">planned train crash</A> on the <A href="/wiki/Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas%E2%80%93Texas_Railroad" title="Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad">Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad</A> on September 15 that he may have witnessed. The March was described by one of Joplin's biographers as a "special... early essay in ragtime."<SUP id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-27">[27]</A></SUP> While in Sedalia he was teaching piano to students who included future ragtime composers <A href="/wiki/Arthur_Marshall_(composer)" title="Arthur Marshall (composer)">Arthur Marshall</A>, <A href="/wiki/Brun_Campbell" title="Brun Campbell">Brun Campbell</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Scott_Hayden" title="Scott Hayden">Scott Hayden</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Scott37_28-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Scott37-28">[28]</A></SUP> In turn, Joplin enrolled at the <A href="/wiki/George_R._Smith_College" title="George R. Smith College">George R. Smith College</A>, where he apparently studied "...advanced harmony and composition." The College records were destroyed in a fire in 1925,<SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[29]</A></SUP> and biographer Edward A. Berlin notes that it was unlikely that a small college for African-Americans would be able to provide such a course.<SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[30]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1899, Joplin married Belle, the sister-in-law of collaborator <A href="/wiki/Scott_Hayden" title="Scott Hayden">Scott Hayden</A>. Although there were hundreds of rags in print by the time the "Maple Leaf Rag" was published, Joplin was not far behind. His first published rag, "<A href="/wiki/Original_Rags" title="Original Rags">Original Rags</A>", had been completed in 1897, the same year as the first ragtime work in print, the "Mississippi Rag" by <A href="/wiki/William_Krell" title="William Krell">William Krell</A>. The "Maple Leaf Rag" was likely to have been known in Sedalia before its publication in 1899; Brun Campbell claimed to have seen the manuscript of the work in around 1898.<SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[32]</A></SUP> The exact circumstances that led to the Maple Leaf Rag's publication are unknown, and a number of versions of the event contradict each other. After several unsuccessful approaches to publishers, Joplin signed a contract on August 10, 1899 with <A href="/wiki/John_Stillwell_Stark" title="John Stillwell Stark">John Stillwell Stark</A>, a retailer of musical instruments who later became his most important publisher. The contract stipulated that Joplin would receive a 1% royalty on all sales of the rag, with a minimum sales price of 25 cents.<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[33]</A></SUP> With the inscription "To the Maple Leaf Club" prominently visible along the top of at least some editions, it is likely that the rag was named after the Maple Leaf Club, although there is no direct evidence to prove the link, and there were many other possible sources for the name in and around Sedalia at the time.<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[34]</A></SUP></P>
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<A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Joplin House">Scott Joplin House</A> in St. Louis, Missouri</DIV>
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<P>There have been many claims about the sales of the "Maple Leaf Rag", for example that Joplin was the first musician to sell 1 million copies of a piece of instrumental music.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008_3-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008-3">[3]</A></SUP> Joplin's first biographer, <A href="/wiki/Rudi_Blesh" title="Rudi Blesh">Rudi Blesh</A> wrote that during its first six months the piece sold 75,000 copies, and became "...the first great instrumental sheet music hit in America."<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[35]</A></SUP> However, research by Joplin's later biographer Edward A. Berlin demonstrated that this was not the case; the initial print-run of 400 took one year to sell, and under the terms of Joplin's contract with a 1% royalty would have given Joplin an income of $4 (or approximately $115 at current prices). Later sales were steady, and would have given Joplin an income that would have covered his expenses. In 1909, estimated sales would have given him an income of $600 annually (approximately $15,993 in current prices).<SUP id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-36">[36]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The "Maple Leaf Rag" did serve as a model for the hundreds of rags to come from future composers, especially in the development of classic ragtime.<SUP id="cite_ref-Blesh_1981_p.xxiii_37-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Blesh_1981_p.xxiii-37">[37]</A></SUP> After the publication of the "Maple Leaf Rag", Joplin was soon being described as "King of rag time writers", not least by himself<SUP id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-38">[38]</A></SUP> on the covers of his own work, such as "<A href="/wiki/The_Easy_Winners" title="The Easy Winners">The Easy Winners</A>" and "<A href="/wiki/Elite_Syncopations" title="Elite Syncopations">Elite Syncopations</A>".</P>
<P>After the Joplins moved to <A href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</A> in early 1900, they had a baby daughter who died only a few months after birth. Joplin's relationship with his wife was difficult, as she had no interest in music. They eventually separated and then divorced.<SUP id="cite_ref-Ryerson_39-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Ryerson-39">[39]</A></SUP> About this time, Joplin collaborated with Scott Hayden in the composition of four rags.<SUP id="cite_ref-Jasen88_40-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Jasen88-40">[40]</A></SUP> It was in St. Louis that Joplin produced some of his best-known works, including "<A href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(rag)" title="The Entertainer (rag)">The Entertainer</A>", "March Majestic", and the short theatrical work "<A href="/wiki/The_Ragtime_Dance" title="The Ragtime Dance">The Ragtime Dance</A>".</P>
<P>In June 1904, Joplin married Freddie Alexander of <A href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock, Arkansas</A>, the young woman to whom he had dedicated "The Chrysanthemum". She died on September 10, 1904, of complications resulting from a cold, ten weeks after their wedding.<SUP id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-41">[41]</A></SUP> Joplin's first work copyrighted after Freddie's death, "<A href="/wiki/Bethena" title="Bethena">Bethena</A>", was described by one biographer as "...an enchantingly beautiful piece that is among the greatest of ragtime <A href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltzes</A>."<SUP id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-42">[42]</A></SUP></P>
<P>During this time, Joplin created an opera company of 30 people and produced his first opera <I><A href="/wiki/A_Guest_of_Honor_(opera)" title="A Guest of Honor (opera)">A Guest of Honor</A></I> for a national tour. It is not certain how many productions were staged, or even if this was an all-black show or a racially mixed production. During the tour, either in <A href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield, Illinois</A>, or <A href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_Kansas" title="Pittsburg, Kansas">Pittsburg, Kansas</A>, someone associated with the company stole the box office receipts. Joplin could not meet the company's payroll or pay for its lodgings at a theatrical boarding house. It is believed that the score for <I>A Guest of Honor</I> was lost and perhaps destroyed because of non-payment of the company's boarding house bill.<SUP id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-43">[43]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Later_years_and_death">Later years and death</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years and death">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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Front cover of the "<A href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Rag" title="Wall Street Rag">Wall Street Rag</A>" (1909) sheet music</DIV>
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<P>In 1907, Joplin moved to New York City, which he believed was the best place to find a producer for a new opera. After his move to New York, Joplin met Lottie Stokes, whom he married in 1909.<SUP id="cite_ref-Jasen88_40-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Jasen88-40">[40]</A></SUP> In 1911, unable to find a publisher, Joplin undertook the financial burden of publishing <I><A href="/wiki/Treemonisha" title="Treemonisha">Treemonisha</A></I> himself in piano-vocal format. In 1915, as a last-ditch effort to see it performed, he invited a small audience to hear it at a rehearsal hall in <A href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</A>. Poorly staged and with only Joplin on piano accompaniment, it was "a miserable failure" to a public not ready for "crude" black musical forms—so different from the European <A href="/wiki/Grand_opera" title="Grand opera">grand opera</A> of that time.<SUP id="cite_ref-Kirk191_44-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Kirk191-44">[44]</A></SUP> The audience, including potential backers, was indifferent and walked out.<SUP id="cite_ref-Ryerson_39-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Ryerson-39">[39]</A></SUP> Scott writes that "after a disastrous single performance ... Joplin suffered a breakdown. He was bankrupt, discouraged, and worn out." He concludes that few American artists of his generation faced such obstacles: "<I>Treemonisha</I> went unnoticed and unreviewed, largely because Joplin had abandoned commercial music in favor of art music, a field closed to African Americans."<SUP id="cite_ref-Scott37_28-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Scott37-28">[28]</A></SUP> In fact, it was not until the 1970s that the opera received a full theatrical staging.</P>
<P>In 1914, Joplin and Lottie self-published his "<A href="/wiki/Magnetic_Rag" title="Magnetic Rag">Magnetic Rag</A>" as the Scott Joplin Music Company, which he had formed the previous December.<SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[45]</A></SUP> Biographer Vera Brodsky Lawrence speculates that Joplin was aware of his advancing deterioration due to <A href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</A> and was "...consciously racing against time." In her sleeve notes on the 1992 <A href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</A> release of <I><A href="/wiki/Treemonisha" title="Treemonisha">Treemonisha</A></I> she notes that he "...plunged feverishly into the task of <A href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orchestrating</A> his opera, day and night, with his friend Sam Patterson standing by <A href="/wiki/Music_copyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Music copyist">to copy</A> out the parts, page by page, as each page of the full score was completed."<SUP id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-46">[46]</A></SUP></P>
<P>By 1916, Joplin was suffering from <A href="/wiki/Tertiary_syphilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary syphilis">tertiary syphilis</A> and a resulting descent into insanity.<SUP id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-47">[47]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-48">[48]</A></SUP> In January 1917, he was admitted to <A href="/wiki/Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center" title="Manhattan Psychiatric Center">Manhattan State Hospital</A>, a mental institution.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerlin1998_49-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerlin1998-49">[49]</A></SUP> He died there on April 1 of <A href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilitic</A> <A href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</A> at the age of 49<SUP id="cite_ref-Kirk191_44-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Kirk191-44">[44]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-50">[50]</A></SUP> and was buried in a pauper's grave that remained unmarked for 57 years. His grave at Saint Michaels Cemetery in East Elmhurst was finally given a marker in 1974, the year <I><A href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</A></I>, which showcased his music, won for Best Picture at the <A href="/wiki/Oscars" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscars">Oscars</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-51">[51]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Works">Works</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Scott_Joplin" title="List of compositions by Scott Joplin">List of compositions by Scott Joplin</A></DIV>
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<P>The combination of classical music, the musical atmosphere present around Texarkana (including work songs, gospel hymns, spirituals and dance music) and Joplin's natural ability have been cited as contributing significantly to the invention of a new style that blended African-American musical styles with European forms and melodies, and first became celebrated in the 1890s: <A href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Curtis38_11-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Curtis38-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<P>When Joplin was learning the piano, serious musical circles condemned ragtime because of its association with the vulgar and inane songs "...cranked out by the tune-smiths of <A href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</A>."<SUP id="cite_ref-Curtis37_52-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Curtis37-52">[52]</A></SUP> As a composer Joplin refined ragtime, elevating it above the low and unrefined form played by the "...wandering honky-tonk pianists... playing mere dance music" of popular imagination.<SUP id="cite_ref-Whitcomb_53-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-53">[53]</A></SUP> This new art form, the <A href="/wiki/Classic_rag" title="Classic rag">classic rag</A>, combined Afro-American folk music's <A href="/wiki/Syncopation" title="Syncopation">syncopation</A> and <A href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">19th-century European romanticism</A>, with its harmonic schemes and its march-like tempos.<SUP id="cite_ref-Jasen88_40-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Jasen88-40">[40]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-54">[54]</A></SUP> In the words of one critic, "Ragtime was basically... an Afro-American version of the polka, or its analog, the <A href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">Sousa</A>-style march."<SUP id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-55">[55]</A></SUP> With this as a foundation, Joplin intended his compositions to be played exactly as he wrote them – without improvisation.<SUP id="cite_ref-Scott37_28-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Scott37-28">[28]</A></SUP> Joplin wrote his rags as "classical" music in miniature form in order to raise ragtime above its "cheap bordello" origins and produced work that opera historian Elise Kirk described as, "... more tuneful, contrapuntal, infectious, and harmonically colorful than any others of his era."<SUP id="cite_ref-Kirk_2001_p._190_16-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Kirk_2001_p._190-16">[16]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Some speculate that Joplin's achievements were influenced by his classically trained German music teacher <A href="/wiki/Julius_Weiss" title="Julius Weiss">Julius Weiss</A>, who may have brought a <A href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</A> rhythmic sensibility from the old country to the 11-year old Joplin.<SUP id="cite_ref-Tennison_56-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Tennison-56">[56]</A></SUP> As Curtis put it, "The educated German could open up the door to a world of learning and music of which young Joplin was largely unaware."<SUP id="cite_ref-Curtis37_52-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Curtis37-52">[52]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Joplin's first and most significant hit, the "Maple Leaf Rag", was described as the archetype of the classic rag, and influenced subsequent rag composers for at least 12 years after its initial publication thanks to its rhythmic patterns, melody lines, and harmony,<SUP id="cite_ref-Blesh_1981_p.xxiii_37-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Blesh_1981_p.xxiii-37">[37]</A></SUP> though with the exception of <A href="/wiki/Joseph_Lamb" title="Joseph Lamb">Joseph Lamb</A>, they generally failed to enlarge upon it.<SUP id="cite_ref-Morath33_57-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Morath33-57">[57]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Treemonisha"><I>Treemonisha</I></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Treemonisha">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<I><A href="/wiki/Treemonisha" title="Treemonisha">Treemonisha</A></I> (1911)</DIV>
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<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Treemonisha" title="Treemonisha">Treemonisha</A></DIV>
<P>The opera's setting is a former slave community in an isolated forest near Joplin's childhood town Texarkana in September 1884. The plot centers on an 18-year-old woman Treemonisha who is taught to read by a white woman, and then leads her community against the influence of conjurers who prey on ignorance and superstition. Treemonisha is abducted and is about to be thrown into a wasps' nest when her friend Remus rescues her. The community realizes the value of education and the liability of their ignorance before choosing her as their teacher and leader.<SUP id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-58">[58]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Crawford_59-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Crawford-59">[59]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Christensen444_60-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Christensen444-60">[60]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Joplin wrote both the score and the <A href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</A> for the opera, which largely follows the form of European opera with many conventional arias, ensembles and choruses. In addition the themes of superstition and mysticism evident in <I>Treemonisha</I> are common in the operatic tradition, and certain aspects of the plot echo devices in the work of the German composer <A href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</A> (of which Joplin was aware). A sacred tree Treemonisha sits beneath recalls the tree that Siegmund takes his enchanted sword from in <I><A href="/wiki/Die_Walk%C3%BCre" title="Die Walküre">Die Walküre</A></I>, and the retelling of the heroine's origins echos aspects of the opera <I><A href="/wiki/Siegfried_(opera)" title="Siegfried (opera)">Siegfried</A></I>. In addition, African-American folk tales also influence the story—the wasp nest incident is similar to the story of <A href="/wiki/Br%27er_Rabbit" title="Br'er Rabbit">Br'er Rabbit</A> and the briar patch.<SUP id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-61">[61]</A></SUP></P>
<P><I>Treemonisha</I> is not a ragtime opera—because Joplin employed the styles of ragtime and other black music sparingly, using them to convey "racial character," and to celebrate the music of his childhood at the end of the 19th century. The opera has been seen as a valuable record of rural black music from late 19th century re-created by a "skilled and sensitive participant."<SUP id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-62">[62]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Berlin speculates about parallels between the plot and Joplin's own life. He notes that Lottie Joplin (the composer's third wife) saw a connection between the character Treemonisha's wish to lead her people out of ignorance, and a similar desire in the composer. In addition, it has been speculated that Treemonisha represents Freddie, Joplin's second wife, because the date of the opera's setting was likely to have been the month of her birth.<SUP id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-63">[63]</A></SUP></P>
<P>At the time of the opera's publication in 1911, the <I>American Musician and Art Journal</I> praised it as, "...an entirely new form of operatic art."<SUP id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-64">[64]</A></SUP> Later critics have also praised the opera as occupying a special place in American history, with its heroine, "...a startlingly early voice for modern civil rights causes, notably the importance of education and knowledge to African American advancement."<SUP id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-65">[65]</A></SUP> Curtis's conclusion is similar: "In the end, <I>Treemonisha</I> offered a celebration of literacy, learning, hard work, and community solidarity as the best formula for advancing the race."<SUP id="cite_ref-Christensen444_60-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Christensen444-60">[60]</A></SUP> Berlin describes it as a "...fine opera, certainly more interesting than most operas then being written in the United States," but later states that Joplin's own libretto showed the composer, "...was not a competent dramatist," with the book not up to the quality of the music.<SUP id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-66">[66]</A></SUP></P>
<P>As Rick Benjamin, the founder and director of the Paragon Ragtime Orchestra, found out, Joplin succeeded in performing <I>Treemonisha</I> for paying audiences in <A href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne, New Jersey</A>, in 1913.<SUP id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-67">[67]</A></SUP> On 6 December 2011, the centenary of the Joplin piano score's publication, <A href="/wiki/New_World_Records" title="New World Records">New World Records</A> released an entirely new recording of <I>Treemonisha</I>. August 1984 saw the German premiere of <I>Treemonisha</I> at the <A href="/wiki/Theater_Gie%C3%9Fen" title="Theater Gießen">Stadttheater Gießen</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Robbins.2FMarco_68-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Robbins.2FMarco-68">[68]</A></SUP> Another performance in Germany, falsely labelling itself as the German premiere, occurred on 25 April 2015 at the <A href="/wiki/Staatsschauspiel_Dresden" title="Staatsschauspiel Dresden">Staatsschauspiel Dresden</A> under direction and choreography of <A href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Gerardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Gerardi (page does not exist)">Massimo Gerardi</A><SPAN class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> (<A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massimo_Gerardi" class="extiw" title="de:Massimo Gerardi">de</A>)</SPAN>.<SUP id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-69">[69]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Performance_skills">Performance skills</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Performance skills">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Pleasant_Moments_Piano_Roll.ogg" title="File:Pleasant Moments Piano Roll.ogg">"Pleasant Moments – Ragtime Waltz" – played by Scott Joplin (April 1916)</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">An April 1916 piano roll recording of Scott Joplin. Thought lost until discovered by a collector in New Zealand in 2006.<SUP id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-70">[70]</A></SUP></DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_rag_-_played_by_Scott_Joplin_1916_V2.ogg" title="File:Maple leaf rag - played by Scott Joplin 1916 V2.ogg">"Maple Leaf Rag" – played by Scott Joplin (June 1916)</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">A June 1916 Piano Roll recording of Scott Joplin for <A href="/wiki/Aeolian_Company" title="Aeolian Company">The Aeolian Company</A>.</DIV>
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<P>Joplin's skills as a pianist were described in glowing terms by a <A href="/wiki/Sedalia,_Missouri" title="Sedalia, Missouri">Sedalia</A> newspaper in 1898, and fellow ragtime composers <A href="/wiki/Arthur_Marshall_(composer)" title="Arthur Marshall (composer)">Arthur Marshall</A> and <A href="/wiki/Joe_Jordan_(musician)" title="Joe Jordan (musician)">Joe Jordan</A> both said that he played the instrument well.<SUP id="cite_ref-Jasen88_40-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Jasen88-40">[40]</A></SUP> However, the son of publisher John Stark stated that Joplin was a rather mediocre pianist and that he composed on paper, rather than at the piano. <A href="/wiki/Artie_Matthews" title="Artie Matthews">Artie Matthews</A> recalled the "delight" the St. Louis players took in outplaying Joplin.<SUP id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-71">[71]</A></SUP></P>
<P>While Joplin never made an audio recording, his playing is preserved on seven <A href="/wiki/Piano_roll" title="Piano roll">piano rolls</A> for use in mechanical <A href="/wiki/Player_piano" title="Player piano">player pianos</A>. All seven were made in 1916. Of these, the six released under the Connorized label show evidence of significant editing to correct the performance to strict rhythm and add embellishments,<SUP id="cite_ref-Berlin237_72-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Berlin237-72">[72]</A></SUP> probably by the staff musicians at Connorized.<SUP id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-73">[73]</A></SUP> Berlin theorizes that by the time Joplin reached St. Louis, he may have experienced discoordination of the fingers, tremors, and an inability to speak clearly—all symptoms of the <A href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</A> that took his life in 1917.<SUP id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-74">[74]</A></SUP> Biographer Blesh described the second roll recording of "Maple Leaf Rag" on the UniRecord label from June 1916 as "...shocking... disorganized and completely distressing to hear."<SUP id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-75">[75]</A></SUP> While there is disagreement among piano-roll experts as to how much of this is due to the relatively primitive recording and production techniques of the time,<SUP id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-76">[76]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-77">[77]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-78">[78]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-79">[79]</A></SUP> Berlin notes that the "Maple Leaf Rag" roll was likely to be the truest record of Joplin's playing at the time. The roll, however, may not reflect his abilities earlier in life.<SUP id="cite_ref-Berlin237_72-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Berlin237-72">[72]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Nonpareil.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nonpareil.jpg/220px-Nonpareil.jpg" width="220" height="292" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nonpareil.jpg/330px-Nonpareil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nonpareil.jpg/440px-Nonpareil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="755" /></A>
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<CENTER>"Nonpareil" (1907)</CENTER>
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<P>Joplin and his fellow ragtime composers rejuvenated American popular music, fostering an appreciation for African-American music among European-Americans by creating exhilarating and liberating dance tunes. "Its syncopation and rhythmic drive gave it a vitality and freshness attractive to young urban audiences indifferent to Victorian proprieties ... Joplin's ragtime expressed the intensity and energy of a modern urban America."<SUP id="cite_ref-Scott37_28-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Scott37-28">[28]</A></SUP></P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Joshua_Rifkin" title="Joshua Rifkin">Joshua Rifkin</A>, a leading Joplin recording artist, wrote, "A pervasive sense of lyricism infuses his work, and even at his most high-spirited, he cannot repress a hint of melancholy or adversity ... He had little in common with the fast and flashy school of ragtime that grew up after him."<SUP id="cite_ref-Rifkin_80-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Rifkin-80">[80]</A></SUP> Joplin historian Bill Ryerson adds that, "In the hands of authentic practitioners like Joplin, ragtime was a disciplined form capable of astonishing variety and subtlety ... Joplin did for the rag what <A href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</A> did for the <A href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">mazurka</A>. His style ranged from tones of torment to stunning serenades that incorporated the <A href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">bolero</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango</A>."<SUP id="cite_ref-Ryerson_39-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Ryerson-39">[39]</A></SUP> Biographer Susan Curtis wrote that Joplin's music had helped to "revolutionise American music and culture" by removing Victorian restraint.<SUP id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-81">[81]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Composer and actor <A href="/wiki/Max_Morath" title="Max Morath">Max Morath</A> found it striking that the vast majority of Joplin's work did not enjoy the popularity of the "Maple Leaf Rag", because while the compositions were of increasing lyrical beauty and delicate syncopation they remained obscure and unheralded during his lifetime.<SUP id="cite_ref-Morath33_57-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Morath33-57">[57]</A></SUP> Joplin apparently realized that his music was ahead of its time: As music historian Ian Whitcomb mentions that Joplin, "...opined that "Maple Leaf Rag" would make him 'King of Ragtime Composers' but he also knew that he would not be a pop hero in his own lifetime. 'When I'm dead twenty-five years, people are going to recognize me,' he told a friend." Just over thirty years later he was recognized, and later historian <A href="/wiki/Rudi_Blesh" title="Rudi Blesh">Rudi Blesh</A> wrote a large book about ragtime, which he dedicated to the memory of Joplin.<SUP id="cite_ref-Whitcomb_53-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-53">[53]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Although he was penniless and disappointed at the end of his life, Joplin set the standard for ragtime compositions and played a key role in the development of ragtime music. And as a pioneer composer and performer, he helped pave the way for young black artists to reach American audiences of both races. After his death, jazz historian Floyd Levin noted: "Those few who realized his greatness bowed their heads in sorrow. This was the passing of the king of all ragtime writers, the man who gave America a genuine native music."<SUP id="cite_ref-Levin_82-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Levin-82">[82]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Museum">Museum</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Museum">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin_House_State_Historic_Site" title="Scott Joplin House State Historic Site">Scott Joplin House State Historic Site</A></DIV>
<P>The home Joplin rented In St. Louis 1900-1903 was recognized as a National Historic Landmark in 1976 and was saved from destruction by the local African American community. In 1983, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources made it the first state historic site in Missouri dedicated to the African American heritage. At first it focused entirely on Joplin and ragtime music, ignoring the urban milieu which shaped his musical compositions. A newer heritage project has expanded coverage to include the more complex social history of black urban migration and the transformation of a multi-ethnic neighborhood to the contemporary community. Part of this diverse narrative now includes coverage of uncomfortable topics of racial oppression, poverty, sanitation, prostitution, and sexually transmitted diseases.<SUP id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-83">[83]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Revival">Revival</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Revival">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>After his death in 1917, Joplin's music and ragtime in general waned in popularity as new forms of musical styles, such as <A href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</A> and <A href="/wiki/Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">novelty piano</A>, emerged. Even so, jazz bands and recording artists such as <A href="/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey" title="Tommy Dorsey">Tommy Dorsey</A> in 1936, <A href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</A> in 1939 and <A href="/wiki/J._Russell_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Russell Robinson">J. Russell Robinson</A> in 1947 released recordings of Joplin compositions. "Maple Leaf Rag" was the Joplin piece found most often on <A href="/wiki/78_rpm" class="mw-redirect" title="78 rpm">78 rpm</A> records.<SUP id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-84">[84]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In the 1960s, a small-scale reawakening of interest in classical ragtime was underway among some American music scholars such as Trebor Tichenor, <A href="/wiki/William_Bolcom" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</A>, <A href="/wiki/William_Albright_(musician)" title="William Albright (musician)">William Albright</A> and <A href="/wiki/Rudi_Blesh" title="Rudi Blesh">Rudi Blesh</A>. <A href="/wiki/Audiophile_Records" title="Audiophile Records">Audiophile Records</A> released a two record set, <I>The Complete Piano Works of Scott Joplin, The Greatest of Ragtime Composers</I>, performed by <A href="/wiki/Knocky_Parker" title="Knocky Parker">Knocky Parker</A>, in 1970.<SUP id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-85">[85]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1968, Bolcom and Albright interested <A href="/wiki/Joshua_Rifkin" title="Joshua Rifkin">Joshua Rifkin</A>, a young musicologist, in the body of Joplin's work. Together, they hosted an occasional ragtime-and-early-jazz evening on <A href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">WBAI</A> radio.<SUP id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-86">[86]</A></SUP> In November 1970, Rifkin released a recording called <I><A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin:_Piano_Rags" title="Scott Joplin: Piano Rags">Scott Joplin: Piano Rags</A></I><SUP id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-87">[87]</A></SUP> on the <A href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</A> label <A href="/wiki/Nonesuch_Records" title="Nonesuch Records">Nonesuch</A>. It sold 100,000 copies in its first year and eventually became Nonesuch's first million-selling record.<SUP id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-88">[88]</A></SUP> The <I>Billboard</I> "Best-Selling Classical LPs" chart for September 28, 1974 has the record at number 5, with the follow-up "Volume 2" at number 4, and a combined set of both volumes at number 3. Separately both volumes had been on the chart for 64 weeks. In the top seven spots on that chart, six of the entries were recordings of Joplin's work, three of which were Rifkin's.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974a61._89-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974a61.-89">[89]</A></SUP> Record stores found themselves for the first time putting ragtime in the classical music section. The album was nominated in 1971 for two <A href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</A> categories: <A href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Album_Notes" title="Grammy Award for Best Album Notes">Best Album Notes</A> and <A href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Instrumental_Soloist_Performance_(without_orchestra)" title="Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra)">Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra)</A>. Rifkin was also under consideration for a third Grammy for a recording not related to Joplin, but at the ceremony on March 14, 1972, Rifkin did not win in any category.<SUP id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-90">[90]</A></SUP> He did a tour in 1974, which included appearances on <A href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</A> Television and a sell-out concert at London's <A href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYT74_91-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYT74-91">[91]</A></SUP> In 1979 <A href="/wiki/Alan_Rich" title="Alan Rich">Alan Rich</A> in the <I><A href="/wiki/New_York_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Magazine">New York Magazine</A></I> wrote that by giving artists like Rifkin the opportunity to put Joplin's music on disk <A href="/wiki/Nonesuch_Records" title="Nonesuch Records">Nonesuch Records</A> "...created, almost alone, the Scott Joplin revival."<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich197981._92-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich197981.-92">[92]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In January 1971, <A href="/wiki/Harold_C._Schonberg" title="Harold C. Schonberg">Harold C. Schonberg</A>, music critic at <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I>, having just heard the Rifkin album, wrote a featured Sunday edition article entitled "Scholars, Get Busy on Scott Joplin!"<SUP id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-93">[93]</A></SUP> Schonberg's call to action has been described as the catalyst for classical music scholars, the sort of people Joplin had battled all his life, to conclude that Joplin was a genius.<SUP id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-94">[94]</A></SUP> Vera Brodsky Lawrence of the <A href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</A> published a two-volume set of Joplin works in June 1971, entitled <I>The Collected Works of Scott Joplin</I>, stimulating a wider interest in the performance of Joplin's music.</P>
<P>In mid-February 1973 under the direction of <A href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</A>, <A href="/wiki/The_New_England_Ragtime_Ensemble" title="The New England Ragtime Ensemble">The New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble</A> recorded an album of Joplin's rags taken from the period collection <I>Standard High-Class Rags</I> called <I>Joplin: The Red Back Book</I>. The album won a <A href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</A> as Best Chamber Music Performance in that year, and went on to become <A href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)"><I>Billboard</I></A> magazine's Top Classical Album of 1974.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard_MagazineDecember_26.2C_19744.2C34._95-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard_MagazineDecember_26.2C_19744.2C34.-95">[95]</A></SUP> The group subsequently recorded two more albums for Golden Crest Records: <I>More Scott Joplin Rags</I> in 1974 and <I>The Road From Rags To Jazz</I> in 1975.</P>
<P>In 1973, film producer <A href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</A> contacted Schuller and Rifkin separately, asking each man to write the score for a film project he was working on: <I><A href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</A></I>. Both men turned down the request because of previous commitments. Instead Hill found <A href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</A> available, and brought him into the project as composer.<SUP id="cite_ref-Waldo187_96-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Waldo187-96">[96]</A></SUP> Hamlisch lightly adapted Joplin's music for <I>The Sting</I>, for which he won an <A href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score#1970s" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and Adaptation</A> on April 2, 1974.<SUP id="cite_ref-LATimes_97-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LATimes-97">[97]</A></SUP> His version of "The Entertainer" reached number 3 on the <A href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><I>Billboard</I> Hot 100</A> and the <A href="/wiki/American_Top_40" title="American Top 40">American Top 40</A> music chart on May 18, 1974,<SUP id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-98">[98]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974b64_99-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974b64-99">[99]</A></SUP> prompting <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I> to write, "The whole nation has begun to take notice."<SUP id="cite_ref-NYT74_91-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYT74-91">[91]</A></SUP> Thanks to the film and its score, Joplin's work became appreciated in both the popular and classical music world, becoming (in the words of music magazine <I><A href="/wiki/Record_World" title="Record World">Record World</A></I>), the "classical phenomenon of the decade."<SUP id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-100">[100]</A></SUP> Rifkin later said of the film soundtrack that Hamlisch lifted his piano adaptations directly from Rifkin's style and his band adaptations from Schuller's style.<SUP id="cite_ref-Waldo187_96-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Waldo187-96">[96]</A></SUP> Schuller said Hamlisch, "...got the Oscar for music he didn't write (since it is by Joplin) and arrangements he didn't write, and 'editions' he didn't make. A lot of people were upset by that, but that's show biz!"<SUP id="cite_ref-Waldo187_96-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Waldo187-96">[96]</A></SUP></P>
<P>On October 22, 1971, excerpts from <I>Treemonisha</I> were presented in concert form at <A href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts">Lincoln Center</A> with musical performances by Bolcom, Rifkin and <A href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_Williams" title="Mary Lou Williams">Mary Lou Williams</A> supporting a group of singers.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPing-Robbins1998289_101-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPing-Robbins1998289-101">[101]</A></SUP> Finally, on January 28, 1972, T.J. Anderson's orchestration of <I>Treemonisha</I> was staged for two consecutive nights, sponsored by the Afro-American Music Workshop of <A href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</A> in <A href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</A>, with singers accompanied by the <A href="/wiki/Atlanta_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Atlanta Symphony Orchestra">Atlanta Symphony Orchestra</A><SUP id="cite_ref-Peterson1993_102-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Peterson1993-102">[102]</A></SUP> under the direction of <A href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</A>, and choreography by <A href="/wiki/Katherine_Dunham" title="Katherine Dunham">Katherine Dunham</A>. Schonberg remarked in February 1972 that the "Scott Joplin Renaissance" was in full swing and still growing.<SUP id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-103">[103]</A></SUP> In May 1975, <I>Treemonisha</I> was staged in a full opera production by the <A href="/wiki/Houston_Grand_Opera" title="Houston Grand Opera">Houston Grand Opera</A>. The company toured briefly, then settled into an eight-week run in New York on <A href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</A> at the <A href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Palace Theatre (New York City)">Palace Theatre</A> in October and November. This appearance was directed by Gunther Schuller, and soprano Carmen Balthrop alternated with <A href="/wiki/Kathleen_Battle" title="Kathleen Battle">Kathleen Battle</A> as the title character.<SUP id="cite_ref-Peterson1993_102-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Peterson1993-102">[102]</A></SUP> An "original Broadway cast" recording was produced. Because of the lack of national exposure given to the brief Morehouse College staging of the opera in 1972, many Joplin scholars wrote that the Houston Grand Opera's 1975 show was the first full production.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPing-Robbins1998289_101-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPing-Robbins1998289-101">[101]</A></SUP></P>
<P>1974 saw the <A href="/wiki/Royal_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ballet">Royal Ballet</A>, under director <A href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacMillan" title="Kenneth MacMillan">Kenneth MacMillan</A>, create <I><A href="/wiki/Elite_Syncopations_(ballet)" title="Elite Syncopations (ballet)">Elite Syncopations</A></I> a ballet based on tunes by Joplin and other composers of the era.<SUP id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-104">[104]</A></SUP> That year also brought the premiere by the Los Angeles Ballet of <I>Red Back Book</I>, choreographed by <A href="/wiki/John_Clifford_(choreographer)" title="John Clifford (choreographer)">John Clifford</A> to Joplin rags from the collection of the same name, including both solo piano performances and arrangements for full orchestra.</P>
<P>In 2016, Scott Joplin appeared as a character in the second season of the Comedy Central show <A href="/wiki/Another_Period" title="Another Period">Another Period</A>, portrayed by <A href="/wiki/Cedric_the_Entertainer" title="Cedric the Entertainer">Cedric the Entertainer</A>.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Other_awards_and_recognition">Other awards and recognition</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other awards and recognition">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>1970: Joplin was inducted into the <A href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</A> by the <A href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Popular_Music" title="National Academy of Popular Music">National Academy of Popular Music</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-105">[105]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>1976: Joplin was awarded a <A href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">special Pulitzer Prize</A>, "...bestowed posthumously in this Bicentennial Year, for his contributions to American music."<SUP id="cite_ref-Pulitzer_106-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Pulitzer-106">[106]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>1977: <A href="/wiki/Motown_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Productions">Motown Productions</A> produced <I><A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin_(film)" title="Scott Joplin (film)">Scott Joplin</A></I>, a <A href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical film</A> starring <A href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</A> as Joplin, released by <A href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIMDB.com_107-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIMDB.com-107">[107]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>1983: the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</A> issued a stamp of the composer as part of its Black Heritage commemorative series.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEESPER_108-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEESPER-108">[108]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>1989: Joplin received a star on the <A href="/wiki/St._Louis_Walk_of_Fame" title="St. Louis Walk of Fame">St. Louis Walk of Fame</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-109">[109]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>2002: a collection of Joplin's own performances recorded on piano rolls in the 1900s (decade) was included by the <A href="/wiki/National_Recording_Preservation_Board" title="National Recording Preservation Board">National Recording Preservation Board</A> in the <A href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</A> <A href="/wiki/List_of_recordings_preserved_in_the_United_States_National_Recording_Registry" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recordings preserved in the United States National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-110">[110]</A></SUP> The board annually selects songs that are "...culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 121</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation AV-media-notes">Joplin, Scott (1899). <A class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maple_Leaf_Rag_Title.jpg"><I>Maple Leaf Rag (2nd edition)</I></A> (sheet music cover). John Stark. p. 1.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.aulast=Joplin&rft.btitle=Maple+Leaf+Rag+%282nd+edition%29&rft.date=1899&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=John+Stark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AMaple_Leaf_Rag_Title.jpg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2008_3-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFEdwards2008">Edwards 2008</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Berlin, Edward A. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardaberlin.com/scott_joplin__brief_biographical_sketch___33423.htm">"Scott Joplin: Brief Biographical Sketch"</A>. Berlin<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 9,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin%3A+Brief+Biographical+Sketch&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Berlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardaberlin.com%2Fscott_joplin__brief_biographical_sketch___33423.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-birthdate-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-birthdate_5-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Berlin, Edward A. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardaberlin.com/scott_joplin__brief_biographical_sketch_33423.htm">"Scott Joplin: Brief Biographical Sketch"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 3,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=Berlin%2C+Edward+A.&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin%3A+Brief+Biographical+Sketch&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardaberlin.com%2Fscott_joplin__brief_biographical_sketch_33423.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-jasen-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-jasen_6-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-jasen_6-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jasen, David A. (2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WNuwiKJPtnwC&pg=PT129&dq=Scott+Joplin+Myrtle"><I>Ragtime: An Encyclopedia, Discography, and Sheetography</I></A>. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 109. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97862-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97862-0">978-0-415-97862-0</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-02-24</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.aulast=Jasen&rft.btitle=Ragtime%3A+An+Encyclopedia%2C+Discography%2C+and+Sheetography&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-97862-0&rft.pages=109&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWNuwiKJPtnwC%26pg%3DPT129%26dq%3DScott%2BJoplin%2BMyrtle&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#J.26T">Jasen & Tichenor (1978)</A> p. 82.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-LindenBirthplace-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-LindenBirthplace_8-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722035103/http://ctmh.its.txstate.edu/artist.php?cmd=detail&aid=29">"Scott Joplin"</A>. Texas Music History Online. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctmh.its.txstate.edu/artist.php?cmd=detail&aid=29">the original</A> on July 22, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 22,</SPAN> 2006</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Texas+Music+History+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fctmh.its.txstate.edu%2Fartist.php%3Fcmd%3Ddetail%26aid%3D29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Kirchner">Kirchner (2005)</A> p. 32.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 6.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Curtis38-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Curtis38_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Curtis38_11-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Curtis">Curtis (2004)</A> p. 38.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Albrecht-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Albrecht_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Albrecht_12-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Albrecht">Albrecht (1979)</A> pp. 89–105.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Berlin7-8-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Berlin7-8_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Berlin7-8_13-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 7–8.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Christensen">Christensen (1999)</A> p. 442</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 9</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Kirk_2001_p._190-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Kirk_2001_p._190_16-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Kirk_2001_p._190_16-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Kirk">Kirk (2001)</A> p. 190.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 8–9</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 11–12.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Christensen">Christensen (1999)</A> p. 442.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>St. Louis Dispatch</I>, quoted in <A href="#Scott">Scott & Rutkoff (2001)</A> p. 36</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Jasen">Jasen (1981)</A> p. 319–320.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 131–132.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2010-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2010_23-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFEdwards2010">Edwards 2010</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedHotJazz-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedHotJazz_24-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFRedHotJazz">RedHotJazz</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Berlin245-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Berlin245_25-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 24–25.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-26"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 25–27.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-27"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Blesh">Blesh (1981)</A> p. xviii.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Scott37-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Scott37_28-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Scott37_28-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Scott37_28-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Scott37_28-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Scott">Scott & Rutkoff (2001)</A> p. 37</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 19</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 31–34</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 27.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 47, 52.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 56, 58.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 62.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Blesh">Blesh (1981)p</A>. xxiii.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-36"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 56, 58.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Blesh_1981_p.xxiii-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Blesh_1981_p.xxiii_37-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Blesh_1981_p.xxiii_37-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Blesh">Blesh (1981)</A> p. xxiii.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-38"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 128.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Ryerson-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_39-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_39-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_39-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Ryerson">Ryerson (1973)</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Jasen88-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Jasen88_40-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Jasen88_40-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Jasen88_40-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Jasen88_40-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#J.26T">Jasen & Tichenor (1978)</A> p. 88</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-41"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p.142</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-42"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 149.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-43"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/joplin.html">"Profile of Scott Joplin"</A>. Classical.net<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 14,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Profile+of+Scott+Joplin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Classical.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classical.net%2Fmusic%2Fcomp.lst%2Fjoplin.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Kirk191-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Kirk191_44-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Kirk191_44-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Kirk">Kirk (2001)</A> p. 191.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 226, 230.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-46"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Vera Brodsky Lawrence, Sleeve notes to 1992 Deutsche Grammophon release of <I>Treemonisha</I>, quoted in <A href="#Kirk">Kirk (2001)</A> p. 191.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-47"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 239.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-48"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Walsh, Michael (September 19, 1994). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981443,00.html">"American Schubert"</A>. <I>Time</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 14,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=American+Schubert&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.date=1994-09-19&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C981443%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerlin1998-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerlin1998_49-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBerlin1998">Berlin 1998</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-50"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Scott">Scott & Rutkoff (2001)</A> p. 38.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-51"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">John Chancellor (October 3, 1974). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/program.pl?ID=473904">"Vanderbilt Television News Archive summary"</A>. Vanderbilt Television News Archive<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 17,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=John+Chancellor&rft.btitle=Vanderbilt+Television+News+Archive+summary&rft.date=1974-10-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+Television+News+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvnews.vanderbilt.edu%2Fprogram.pl%3FID%3D473904&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Curtis37-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Curtis37_52-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Curtis37_52-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Curtis">Curtis (2004)</A> p. 37.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Whitcomb-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_53-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_53-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Whitcomb">Whitcomb (1986)</A> p. 24.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-54"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Davis">Davis (1995)pp</A>. 67–68.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-55"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Williams">Williams (1987)</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Tennison-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Tennison_56-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Tennison, John. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boogiewoogie.com/index.php/history/15_contrasts_between_boogie_woogie_and_ragtime">"History of Boogie Woogie"</A>. <I>Chapter 15</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 4,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=History+of+Boogie+Woogie&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Tennison&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chapter+15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboogiewoogie.com%2Findex.php%2Fhistory%2F15_contrasts_between_boogie_woogie_and_ragtime&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Morath33-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Morath33_57-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Morath33_57-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Kirchner">Kirchner (2005)</A> p. 33.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-58"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 203.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Crawford-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Crawford_59-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Crawford">Crawford (2001)</A> p. 545.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Christensen444-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Christensen444_60-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Christensen444_60-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Christensen">Christensen (1999)</A> p. 444.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-61"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 203–204.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-62"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 202, 204.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-63"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 207–208.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-64"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 202.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-65"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Kirk">Kirk (2001)</A> p. 194.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-66"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 202–203.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-67"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Barrymore Laurence Scherer (6 December 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203833104577070683505219416">"Opera <I>Treemonisha</I> as It Was Intended To Be"</A>. The Wall Street Journal<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 April</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=Barrymore+Laurence+Scherer&rft.btitle=Opera+Treemonisha+as+It+Was+Intended+To+Be&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052970203833104577070683505219416&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Robbins.2FMarco-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Robbins.2FMarco_68-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Nancy R. Ping Robbins, Guy Marco: <I>Scott Joplin: A Guide to Research</I>. Routledge, 2014, p. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z0bXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA299">299</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-69"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-69"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staatsschauspiel-dresden.de/spielplan/premieren_urauffuehrungen/treemonisha/">"<I>Treemonisha</I> Oper mit getanzten Szenen"</A>. Staatsschauspiel Dresden<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 April</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Treemonisha+Oper+mit+getanzten+Szenen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Staatsschauspiel+Dresden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.staatsschauspiel-dresden.de%2Fspielplan%2Fpremieren_urauffuehrungen%2Ftreemonisha%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-70"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-70"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pianola.co.nz/pleasant_moments.htm">"Pianola.co.nz"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Pianola.co.nz&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pianola.co.nz%2Fpleasant_moments.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-71"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-71"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#J.26T">Jasen & Tichenor (1978)</A> p. 86.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Berlin237-72"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Berlin237_72-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Berlin237_72-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 237.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-73"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-73"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pianola.co.nz/artists/minor.html">"List of Piano Roll Artists"</A>. Pianola<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 31,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=List+of+Piano+Roll+Artists&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pianola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pianola.co.nz%2Fartists%2Fminor.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-74"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-74"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> pp. 237, 239.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-75"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-75"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Blesh">Blesh (1981)</A> p.xxxix.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-76"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-76"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Siepmann">Siepmann (1998)</A> p. 36.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-77"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-77"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CUP">Philip (1998)</A> pp. 77–78.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-78"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-78"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Howat">Howat (1986)</A> p. 160.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-79"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-79"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#McElhone">McElhone (2004)</A> p. 26.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Rifkin-80"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Rifkin_80-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Rifkin, Joshua. <I>Scott Joplin Piano Rags</I>, Nonesuch Records (1970) album cover</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-81"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-81"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Curtis">Curtis (2004)</A> p. 1.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Levin-82"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Levin_82-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Levin">Levin (2002)</A> p. 197.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-83"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-83"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Timothy Baumann, et al. "Interpreting Uncomfortable History at the Scott Joplin House State Historic Site in St. Louis, Missouri." <I>The public historian</I> 33.2 (2011): 37-66. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drnevillebuch.com/content/pdfs/19.%20Timothy%20Baumann,%20et%20al.%20Interpreting%20Uncomfortable%20History.pdf">online</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-84"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-84"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Jasen">Jasen (1981)</A> pp. 319–320.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-85"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-85"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>The Complete Piano Works of Scott Joplin, The Greatest of Ragtime Composers</I>, John W. (Knocky) Parker, piano. Audiophile Records (1970) AP 71–72</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-86"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-86"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Waldo76">Waldo (1976)</A> pp. 179–182.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-87"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-87"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nonesuch.com/albums/piano-rags">"<I>Scott Joplin Piano Rags</I> Nonesuch Records CD (with bonus tracks)"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 19,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin+Piano+Rags+Nonesuch+Records+CD+%28with+bonus+tracks%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnonesuch.com%2Falbums%2Fpiano-rags&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-88"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-88"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nonesuch.com/about">"Nonesuch Records"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 19,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Nonesuch+Records&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnonesuch.com%2Fabout&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974a61.-89"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974a61._89-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBillboard_Magazine1974a">Billboard Magazine 1974a</A>, p. 61..</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-90"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-90"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theenvelope.latimes.com/factsheets/awardsdb/env-awards-db-search,0,7169155.htmlstory?target=article&searchtype=all&Query=">"Entertainment Awards Database"</A>. <I>LA Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 17,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Entertainment+Awards+Database&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheenvelope.latimes.com%2Ffactsheets%2Fawardsdb%2Fenv-awards-db-search%2C0%2C7169155.htmlstory%3Ftarget%3Darticle%26searchtype%3Dall%26Query%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-NYT74-91"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-NYT74_91-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYT74_91-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Kronenberger, John (August 11, 1974). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F20A17F63A5C1A7A93C3A81783D85F408785F9">"The Ragtime Revival – A Belated Ode to Composer Scott Joplin"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=The+Ragtime+Revival+%E2%80%93+A+Belated+Ode+to+Composer+Scott+Joplin&rft.au=Kronenberger%2C+John&rft.date=1974-08-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fmem%2Farchive%2Fpdf%3Fres%3DF20A17F63A5C1A7A93C3A81783D85F408785F9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich197981.-92"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich197981._92-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFRich1979">Rich 1979</A>, p. 81..</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-93"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-93"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Harold_C._Schonberg" title="Harold C. Schonberg">Schonberg, Harold C.</A> (January 24, 1971). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40D1FFD3B5F127A93C6AB178AD85F458785F9">"Scholars, Get Busy on Scott Joplin!"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Scholars%2C+Get+Busy+on+Scott+Joplin%21&rft.aufirst=Harold+C.&rft.aulast=Schonberg&rft.date=1971-01-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF40D1FFD3B5F127A93C6AB178AD85F458785F9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-94"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-94"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Waldo76">Waldo (1976)</A> p. 184.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard_MagazineDecember_26.2C_19744.2C34.-95"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard_MagazineDecember_26.2C_19744.2C34._95-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBillboard_MagazineDecember_26.2C_1974">Billboard Magazine & December 26, 1974</A>, pp. 4,34..</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Waldo187-96"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Waldo187_96-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Waldo187_96-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Waldo187_96-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#Waldo76">Waldo (1976)</A> p. 187.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-LATimes-97"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-LATimes_97-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theenvelope.latimes.com/factsheets/awardsdb/env-awards-db-search,0,7169155.htmlstory?target=article&searchtype=all&Query=">"Entertainment Awards Database"</A>. <I>LA Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 14,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Entertainment+Awards+Database&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheenvelope.latimes.com%2Ffactsheets%2Fawardsdb%2Fenv-awards-db-search%2C0%2C7169155.htmlstory%3Ftarget%3Darticle%26searchtype%3Dall%26Query%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-98"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-98"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charismusicgroup.com/Cue%20Sheets/05-18-74.pdf">"Charis Music Group, compilation of cue sheets from the American Top 40 radio Show"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 5,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Charis+Music+Group%2C+compilation+of+cue+sheets+from+the+American+Top+40+radio+Show&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charismusicgroup.com%2FCue%2520Sheets%2F05-18-74.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974b64-99"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard_Magazine1974b64_99-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBillboard_Magazine1974b">Billboard Magazine 1974b</A>, p. 64.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-100"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-100"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Record World Magazine July 1974, quoted in <A href="#Berlin">Berlin (1994)</A> p. 251.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPing-Robbins1998289-101"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPing-Robbins1998289_101-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPing-Robbins1998289_101-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFPing-Robbins1998">Ping-Robbins 1998</A>, p. 289.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Peterson1993-102"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Peterson1993_102-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Peterson1993_102-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Peterson, Bernard L. (1993). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VQggZdq1hawC&pg=PA357&lpg=PA357"><I>A century of musicals in black and white</I></A>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 357. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-26657-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-26657-3">0-313-26657-3</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Bernard+L.&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.btitle=A+century+of+musicals+in+black+and+white&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-313-26657-3&rft.pages=357&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVQggZdq1hawC%26pg%3DPA357%26lpg%3DPA357&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-103"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-103"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Harold_C._Schonberg" title="Harold C. Schonberg">Schonberg, Harold C.</A> (February 13, 1972). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50F11F73C591A7493C1A81789D85F468785F9">"The Scott Joplin Renaissance Grows"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=The+Scott+Joplin+Renaissance+Grows&rft.aufirst=Harold+C.&rft.aulast=Schonberg&rft.date=1972-02-13&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF50F11F73C591A7493C1A81789D85F468785F9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-104"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-104"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brb.org.uk/4237.html">"Birmingham Royal Ballet"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 6,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Birmingham+Royal+Ballet&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brb.org.uk%2F4237.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-105"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-105"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C297">"Songwriters Hall of Fame"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 17,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Songwriters+Hall+of+Fame&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsongwritershalloffame.org%2Fexhibits%2FC297&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Pulitzer-106"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Pulitzer_106-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Special+Awards+and+Citations">"Special Awards and Citations"</A>. The Pulitzer Prizes<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 14,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Special+Awards+and+Citations&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Pulitzer+Prizes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fbycat%2FSpecial%2BAwards%2Band%2BCitations&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIMDB.com-107"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIMDB.com_107-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFIMDB.com">IMDB.com</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEESPER-108"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEESPER_108-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFESPER">ESPER</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-109"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-109"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">St. Louis Walk of Fame. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement">"St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees"</A>. stlouiswalkoffame.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">25 April</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame&rft.btitle=St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame+Inductees&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=stlouiswalkoffame.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlouiswalkoffame.org%2Finductees%2F%3Fview%3Dachievement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-110"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-110"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/nrpb/registry/nrpb-2002reg.html">"2002 National Recording Registry from the National Recording Preservation Board of the Library of Congress"</A>. Library of Congress<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 6,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=2002+National+Recording+Registry+from+the+National+Recording+Preservation+Board+of+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Frecord%2Fnrpb%2Fregistry%2Fnrpb-2002reg.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Books">Books</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<UL>
<LI><CITE id="Blesh" class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Rudi_Blesh" title="Rudi Blesh">Blesh, Rudi</A> (1981). "Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist". In Lawrence, Vera Brodsky. <I>Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works</I>. New York Public Library. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87104-272-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87104-272-X">0-87104-272-X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Scott+Joplin%3A+Black-American+Classicist&rft.aufirst=Rudi&rft.aulast=Blesh&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin+Complete+Piano+Works&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-87104-272-X&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Berlin" class="citation book">Berlin, Edward A. (1994). <I>King of Ragtime: Scott Joplin and His Era</I>. Oxford Univ. Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-510108-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-510108-1">0-19-510108-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.btitle=King+of+Ragtime%3A+Scott+Joplin+and+His+Era&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-510108-1&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Crawford" class="citation book">Crawford, Richard (2001). <I>America's Musical Life: A History</I>. W. W. Norton & Co. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04810-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04810-1">0-393-04810-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.btitle=America%27s+Musical+Life%3A+A+History&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-393-04810-1&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Christensen" class="citation book">Curtis, Susan (1999). Christensen, Lawrence O, ed. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6gyxWHRLAWgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=joplin&f=false"><I>Dictionary of Missouri Biography</I></A>. Univ. of Missouri Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-1222-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-1222-0">0-8262-1222-0</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 2,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Missouri+Biography&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8262-1222-0&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Missouri+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6gyxWHRLAWgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Djoplin%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Curtis" class="citation book">Curtis, Susan (2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=11-58pQzanEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><I>Dancing to a Black Man's Tune: A Life of Scott Joplin</I></A>. Univ. of Missouri Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-1547-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-1547-5">0-8262-1547-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.btitle=Dancing+to+a+Black+Man%27s+Tune%3A+A+Life+of+Scott+Joplin&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8262-1547-5&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Missouri+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D11-58pQzanEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Davis" class="citation book">Davis, Francis (1995). <I>The History of the Blues:The Roots, the Music, the People</I>. Hyperion. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81296-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81296-7">0-306-81296-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Blues%3AThe+Roots%2C+the+Music%2C+the+People&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-306-81296-7&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Gioia97" class="citation book">Gioia, Ted (1997). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ff94HgAACAAJ"><I>The History of Jazz</I></A>. New York: Oxford University Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509081-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509081-0">0-19-509081-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.aulast=Gioia&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Jazz&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-509081-0&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFf94HgAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Haskins78" class="citation book">Haskins, James (1978). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcyAAAACAAJ"><I>Scott Joplin</I></A>. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-11155-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-11155-X">0-385-11155-X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Haskins&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-385-11155-X&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Company%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTfcyAAAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Howat" class="citation book">Howat, Roy (1986). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9cZ0gCtkPr4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=howat+debussy#PPA160,M1"><I>Debussy in Proportion: A Musical Analysis</I></A>. Cambridge University Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-31145-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-31145-4">0-521-31145-4</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 17,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.aulast=Howat&rft.btitle=Debussy+in+Proportion%3A+A+Musical+Analysis&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-31145-4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9cZ0gCtkPr4C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dhowat%2Bdebussy%23PPA160%2CM1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="J.26T" class="citation book">Jasen, David A.; Trebor Jay Tichenor (1978). <I>Rags and Ragtime: A Musical History</I>. New York, NY: Dover Publications, Inc. p. 88. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-25922-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-25922-6">0-486-25922-6</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=Trebor+Jay+Tichenor&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.aulast=Jasen&rft.btitle=Rags+and+Ragtime%3A+A+Musical+History&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-486-25922-6&rft.pages=88&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Jasen" class="citation book">Jasen, David A. (1981). "Discography of 78 rpm Records of Joplin Works". In Lawrence, Vera Brodsky. <I>Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works</I>. New York Public Library. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87104-272-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87104-272-X">0-87104-272-X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Discography+of+78+rpm+Records+of+Joplin+Works&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.aulast=Jasen&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin+Complete+Piano+Works&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-87104-272-X&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Kirk" class="citation book">Kirk, Elise Kuhl (2001). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uIPDlKlchQ0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><I>American Opera</I></A>. Univ. of Illinois Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-02623-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-02623-3">0-252-02623-3</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Elise+Kuhl&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.btitle=American+Opera&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-252-02623-3&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Illinois+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuIPDlKlchQ0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Lawrence" class="citation book">Lawrence, Vera Brodsky, ed. (1971). <I>Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works</I>. New York Public Library. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87104-242-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87104-242-8">0-87104-242-8</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin+Complete+Piano+Works&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-87104-242-8&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Levin" class="citation book">Levin, Floyd (2002). <I>Classic Jazz: A Personal View of the Music and the Musicians</I>. Univ. of California Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23463-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23463-5">978-0-520-23463-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Floyd&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.btitle=Classic+Jazz%3A+A+Personal+View+of+the+Music+and+the+Musicians&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23463-5&rft.pub=Univ.+of+California+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="MaGee98" class="citation book">MaGee, Jeffrey (1998). "Ragtime and Early Jazz". In David Nicholls (ed.). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-pbKjje254AC"><I>The Cambridge History of American Music</I></A>. New York: The Cambridge University Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-45429-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-45429-8">0-521-45429-8</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Ragtime+and+Early+Jazz&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.aulast=MaGee&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+American+Music&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-521-45429-8&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-pbKjje254AC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Extra_text:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list">link</A>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="McElhone" class="citation book">McElhone, Kevin (2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yTn26iv0gjIC"><I>Mechanical Music</I></A> (2 ed.). Osprey Publishing. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7478-0578-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7478-0578-4">0-7478-0578-4</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 16,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.aulast=McElhone&rft.btitle=Mechanical+Music&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7478-0578-4&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyTn26iv0gjIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Kirchner" class="citation book">Morath, Max (2005). Kirchner, Bill, ed. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dIyO-dQwkDwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Kirchner+jazz#v=onepage&q=joplin&f=false"><I>The Oxford Companion to Jazz</I></A>. Oxford Univ. Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-518359-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-518359-2">0-19-518359-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.aulast=Morath&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Jazz&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-518359-2&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdIyO-dQwkDwC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DKirchner%2Bjazz%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Djoplin%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Palmer, Tony (1976). <I>All You Need Is Love /The Story Of Popular Music</I>. Book Club Associates. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-11448-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-11448-1">978-0-670-11448-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.btitle=All+You+Need+Is+Love+%2FThe+Story+Of+Popular+Music&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-670-11448-1&rft.pub=Book+Club+Associates&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CUP" class="citation book">Philip, Robert (1998). Rowland, David, ed. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kEy1MRsnVHIC&printsec=frontcover#PPA78,M1"><I>The Cambridge Companion to the Piano</I></A>. <A href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</A> (Illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-47986-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-47986-X">0-521-47986-X</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 17,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+the+Piano&rft.date=1998&rft.edition=Illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-47986-X&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkEy1MRsnVHIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23PPA78%2CM1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Scott" class="citation book">Scott, William B.; Rutkoff, Peter M (2001). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YgALtJ2GKIUC&pg=PA452&dq=scott+rutkoff#v=onepage&q=Joplin&f=false"><I>New York Modern: The Arts and the City</I></A>. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-6793-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-6793-2">0-8018-6793-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=Rutkoff%2C+Peter+M&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.btitle=New+York+Modern%3A+The+Arts+and+the+City&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8018-6793-2&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+Univ.+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYgALtJ2GKIUC%26pg%3DPA452%26dq%3Dscott%2Brutkoff%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJoplin%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFPing-Robbins1998" class="citation book">Ping-Robbins, Nancy R. (1998). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0FeXfmHEXfIC&pg=PA289&lpg=PA289"><I>Scott Joplin: a guide to research</I></A>. p. 289. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-8399-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8240-8399-7">0-8240-8399-7</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Nancy+R.&rft.aulast=Ping-Robbins&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin%3A+a+guide+to+research&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8240-8399-7&rft.pages=289&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0FeXfmHEXfIC%26pg%3DPA289%26lpg%3DPA289&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Siepmann" class="citation book">Siepmann, Jeremy (1998). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7qWxm0nzMxcC&pg=PA44&dq=the+piano+jeremy+siepmann#PPA36,M1"><I>The Piano: The Complete Illustrated Guide to the World's Most Popular Musical Instrument</I></A>. Hal Leonard Corporation. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7935-9976-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7935-9976-8">0-7935-9976-8</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.aulast=Siepmann&rft.btitle=The+Piano%3A+The+Complete+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+World%27s+Most+Popular+Musical+Instrument&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7935-9976-8&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7qWxm0nzMxcC%26pg%3DPA44%26dq%3Dthe%2Bpiano%2Bjeremy%2Bsiepmann%23PPA36%2CM1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Ryerson" class="citation book">Ryerson, Bill; Joplin, Scott (1973). <I>Best of Scott Joplin: a Collection of Original Ragtime Piano Compositions</I>. C. Hansen Music and Books. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8494-0581-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8494-0581-5">0-8494-0581-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=Joplin%2C+Scott&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.aulast=Ryerson&rft.btitle=Best+of+Scott+Joplin%3A+a+Collection+of+Original+Ragtime+Piano+Compositions&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8494-0581-5&rft.pub=C.+Hansen+Music+and+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Waldo76" class="citation book">Waldo, Terry (1976). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L2_mcLYJA1sC"><I>This Is Ragtime</I></A>. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8015-7618-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8015-7618-0">0-8015-7618-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.aulast=Waldo&rft.btitle=This+Is+Ragtime&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8015-7618-0&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hawthorn+Books%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL2_mcLYJA1sC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Waterman85a" class="citation book">Waterman, Guy (1985a). "Ragtime". In J.E. Hasse (ed.). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9PBAAAACAAJ"><I>Ragtime: Its History, Composers, and Music</I></A>. New York: Shirmer Books. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-871650-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-871650-7">0-02-871650-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Ragtime&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.aulast=Waterman&rft.btitle=Ragtime%3A+Its+History%2C+Composers%2C+and+Music&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-02-871650-7&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Shirmer+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy9PBAAAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Extra_text:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list">link</A>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Water85b" class="citation book">Waterman, Guy (1985b). "Joplin's Late Rags: An Analysis". In J.E. Hasse (ed.). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9PBAAAACAAJ"><I>Ragtime: Its History, Composers, and Music</I></A>. New York: Shirmer Books. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-871650-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-871650-7">0-02-871650-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Joplin%27s+Late+Rags%3A+An+Analysis&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.aulast=Waterman&rft.btitle=Ragtime%3A+Its+History%2C+Composers%2C+and+Music&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-02-871650-7&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Shirmer+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy9PBAAAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Extra_text:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list">link</A>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Whitcomb" class="citation book">Whitomb, Ian (1986). <I>After the Ball</I>. Hal Leonard Corp. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87910-063-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87910-063-X">0-87910-063-X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.aulast=Whitomb&rft.btitle=After+the+Ball&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-87910-063-X&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Williams59" class="citation book">Williams, Martin (1959). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VTIJAAAACAAJ"><I>The Art of Jazz: Ragtime to Bebop</I></A>. New York: Oxford University Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80134-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80134-5">0-306-80134-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Jazz%3A+Ragtime+to+Bebop&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-306-80134-5&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVTIJAAAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Williams" class="citation book">Williams, Martin, ed. (1987). <I>The Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz</I>. Smithsonian Institution Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-99342-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-99342-6">0-393-99342-6</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.btitle=The+Smithsonian+Collection+of+Classic+Jazz&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-393-99342-6&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Web-pages">Web-pages</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Web-pages">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<UL>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBerlin2012" class="citation web">Berlin, Edward A. (2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardaberlin.com/scott_joplin__brief_biographical_sketch_33423.htm">"Scott Joplin: Brief Biographical Sketch"</A>. Edward A. Berlin<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 3,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.btitle=Scott+Joplin%3A+Brief+Biographical+Sketch&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Edward+A.+Berlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardaberlin.com%2Fscott_joplin__brief_biographical_sketch_33423.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBerlin1998" class="citation web">Berlin, Edward A. (1998). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottjoplin.org/biography.htm">"A Biography of Scott Joplin"</A>. The Scott Joplin International Ragtime Foundation<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 14,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.btitle=A+Biography+of+Scott+Joplin&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Scott+Joplin+International+Ragtime+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottjoplin.org%2Fbiography.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFEdwards2008" class="citation web">Edwards, "Perfessor" Bill (2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perfessorbill.com/pbmidi15.shtml">"Rags & Pieces by Scott Joplin, 1895–1905"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 14,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=%22Perfessor%22+Bill&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.btitle=Rags+%26+Pieces+by+Scott+Joplin%2C+1895%E2%80%931905&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perfessorbill.com%2Fpbmidi15.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFEdwards2010" class="citation web">Edwards, "Perfessor" Bill (2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perfessorbill.com/ragtime3_alt.shtml">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</SPAN>Perfessor" Bill's guide to notable Ragtime Era Composers"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 28,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=%22Perfessor%22+Bill&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.btitle=%22Perfessor%22+Bill%27s+guide+to+notable+Ragtime+Era+Composers&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perfessorbill.com%2Fragtime3_alt.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFESPER" class="citation web">ESPER. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esperstamps.org/heritage/bh-1.htm">"Black Heritage Stamp issues"</A>. Ebony Society of Philatelic Reflections, Inc<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 17,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=ESPER&rft.btitle=Black+Heritage+Stamp+issues&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ebony+Society+of+Philatelic+Reflections%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esperstamps.org%2Fheritage%2Fbh-1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFIMDB.com" class="citation web"><A href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">IMDB.com</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076674">"Listing for <I>Scott Joplin (TV 1977)</I>"</A>. IMDB.com, Inc<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 16,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=IMDB.com&rft.btitle=Listing+for+Scott+Joplin+%28TV+1977%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=IMDB.com%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0076674&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFRedHotJazz" class="citation web">RedHotJazz. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhotjazz.com/wswbnd.html">"Wilbur Sweatman and His Band"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 25,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=RedHotJazz&rft.btitle=Wilbur+Sweatman+and+His+Band&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhotjazz.com%2Fwswbnd.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFSt._Louis_Walk_of_Fame" class="citation web">St. Louis Walk of Fame. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement">"Inductees to the St. Louis Walk of Fame"</A>. St. Louis Walk of Fame<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 17,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.au=St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame&rft.btitle=Inductees+to+the+St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlouiswalkoffame.org%2Finductees%2F%3Fview%3Dachievement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Journals">Journals</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Journals">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<UL>
<LI><CITE id="Albrecht" class="citation book">Albrecht, Theodore (1979). <I>Julius Weiss: Scott Joplin's First Piano Teacher</I>. <B>19</B>. Case Western Univ. College Music Symposium. pp. 89–105.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.aulast=Albrecht&rft.btitle=Julius+Weiss%3A+Scott+Joplin%27s+First+Piano+Teacher&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=89-105&rft.pub=Case+Western+Univ.+College+Music+Symposium&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBillboard_Magazine1974a" class="citation journal">Billboard Magazine (1974a). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=twcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT51&dq=billboard+1975+joplin+perlman#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Best Selling Classical LPs"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</A></I>. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (September 28, 1974): 61<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 29,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Best+Selling+Classical+LPs&rft.au=Billboard+Magazine&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=September+28%2C+1974&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.pages=61&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtwcEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT51%26dq%3Dbillboard%2B1975%2Bjoplin%2Bperlman%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBillboard_Magazine1974b" class="citation journal">Billboard Magazine (1974b). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bQkEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA23&dq=billboard%20magazine%201974%20contemporary&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q=entertainer&f=false">"Hot 100"</A>. <I>Billboard</I>. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (May 18, 1974): 64<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 5,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Hot+100&rft.au=Billboard+Magazine&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=May+18%2C+1974&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.pages=64&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbQkEAAAAMBAJ%26lpg%3DPA23%26dq%3Dbillboard%2520magazine%25201974%2520contemporary%26pg%3DPA64%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dentertainer%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFRich1979" class="citation journal"><A href="/wiki/Alan_Rich" title="Alan Rich">Rich, Alan</A> (1979). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j-ECAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA81&dq=new%20york%20magazine%201979%20joplin&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q=joplin&f=false">"Music"</A>. <I>New York Magazine</I>. New York Media LLC (December 24, 1979): 81<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 5,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScott+Joplin&rft.atitle=Music&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=December+24%2C+1979&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.pages=81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj-ECAAAAMBAJ%26lpg%3DPA81%26dq%3Dnew%2520york%2520magazine%25201979%2520joplin%26pg%3DPA81%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Djoplin%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV style="padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;">Find more about<B style="display:block;">Scott Joplin</B>at Wikipedia's <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><SPAN id="sister-projects">sister projects</SPAN></A></DIV>
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<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Scott_Joplin" class="extiw" title="c:Special:Search/Scott Joplin">Media</A> from Commons</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="23" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Scott_Joplin" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Scott Joplin">Quotations</A> from Wikiquote</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="26" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/author:Scott_Joplin" class="extiw" title="s:author:Scott Joplin">Texts</A> from Wikisource</SPAN></LI>
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<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fjo70">Texas State Historical Association – Biography of Scott Joplin</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottjoplin.org/">The Scott Joplin International Ragtime Foundation</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/scott-joplin.html">Joplin at St. Louis Walk of Fame</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perfessorbill.com/pbmidi15.shtml">"Perfessor" Bill Edwards plays Joplin</A>, with anecdotes and research.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://music.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/9905_ragtime/index.shtml#timeline">Maple Leaf Rag</A> A site dedicated to 100 years of the Maple Leaf Rag.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mostateparks.com/scottjoplin.htm">The Scott Joplin House – St. Louis, Missouri</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=556">Scott Joplin</A> at <A href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=527">Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n50039880">Scott Joplin</A> at <A href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</A> Authorities, with 276 catalog records</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Recordings_and_sheet_music">Recordings and sheet music</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Recordings and sheet music">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pianosociety.com/cms/index.php?section=251">Free recordings</A> of Joplin's music in Mp3 format by various pianists at PianoSociety.com</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kreusch-sheet-music.net/eng/?page=search&search=true&komp=Scott+Joplin">www.kreusch-sheet-music.net</A> – Free scores by Joplin</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ragtimepiano.ca/rags/joplin.htm">Sheet Music and Covers</A> (includes cover art, comprehensive sheet music selection, and biography)</LI>
<LI><A href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Joplin,_Scott" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Joplin, Scott">Free scores by Scott Joplin</A> at the <A href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</A> (IMSLP)</LI>
<LI>Kunst der Fuge: <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunstderfuge.com/ragtime.htm#Joplin">Scott Joplin – MIDI files</A> (live and piano-rolls recordings)</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnroachemusic.com/index.html">John Roache's site</A> has MIDI performances of ragtime music by Joplin and others</LI>
<LI>The <A href="/wiki/Mutopia_Project" title="Mutopia Project">Mutopia Project</A> has compositions by <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=JoplinS">Scott Joplin</A></LI>
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<DIV id="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards_.28Arts.29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards</A> (Arts)</DIV>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</A> and <A href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</A> for <I><A href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</A></I> (1944)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</A> (1974)</LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Scott Joplin</A> (1976)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</A> (1982)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</A> (1985)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</A> (1998)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</A> (1999)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</A> (2006)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</A> (2007)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</A> (2008)</LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Complete list</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Scott_Joplin" title="List of compositions by Scott Joplin">Compositions</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Piano rags</TH>
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<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Original_Rags" title="Original Rags">Original Rags</A>" (1899)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Rag" title="Maple Leaf Rag">Maple Leaf Rag</A>" (1899)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Easy_Winners" title="The Easy Winners">The Easy Winners</A>" (1901)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Elite_Syncopations" title="Elite Syncopations">Elite Syncopations</A>" (1902)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(rag)" title="The Entertainer (rag)">The Entertainer</A>" (1902)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Ragtime_Dance" title="The Ragtime Dance">The Ragtime Dance</A>" (1902/1906)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Weeping_Willow_(rag)" title="Weeping Willow (rag)">Weeping Willow</A>" (1903)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Searchlight_Rag" title="Searchlight Rag">Searchlight Rag</A>" (1907)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Rag" title="Wall Street Rag">Wall Street Rag</A>" (1909)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Silver_Swan_Rag" title="Silver Swan Rag">Silver Swan Rag</A>" (1914/1971)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Magnetic_Rag" title="Magnetic Rag">Magnetic Rag</A>" (1914)</LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Operas and other music</TH>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/A_Guest_of_Honor_(opera)" title="A Guest of Honor (opera)">A Guest of Honor</A></I> (1903)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Bethena" title="Bethena">Bethena</A></I> (1905)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Treemonisha" title="Treemonisha">Treemonisha</A></I> (1911)</LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Collaborations</TH>
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<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Swipesy_Cakewalk" title="Swipesy Cakewalk">Swipesy Cakewalk</A>" (1900)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Sunflower_Slow_Drag" title="Sunflower Slow Drag">Sunflower Slow Drag</A>" (1901)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Heliotrope_Bouquet" title="Heliotrope Bouquet">Heliotrope Bouquet</A>" (1907)</LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Related articles</TH>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</A></I> (1973)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin:_Piano_Rags" title="Scott Joplin: Piano Rags">Scott Joplin: Piano Rags</A></I> (1970)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin_(film)" title="Scott Joplin (film)">Scott Joplin</A></I> (1977)</LI>
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<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</A>: <SPAN class="uid"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000109045211">0000 0001 0904 5211</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="סקוט ג'ופלין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><A href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><A href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სკოტ ჯოპლინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Скотт Джоплин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><A href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="スコット・ジョプリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap"><A href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms"><A href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Джоплин, Скотт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><A href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><A href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="สก็อต จอปลิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Скотт Джоплін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%96%AC%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97" title="斯科特·喬普林 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>					</UL>
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