Cat o' nine tails

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Cat o' nine tails</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <A href="/wiki/Cat_o%27_nine_tails_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cat o' nine tails (disambiguation)">Cat o' nine tails (disambiguation)</A>.</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Cat_o%27_nine.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cat_o%27_nine.JPG/300px-Cat_o%27_nine.JPG" width="300" height="130" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cat_o%27_nine.JPG/450px-Cat_o%27_nine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cat_o%27_nine.JPG/600px-Cat_o%27_nine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="650" /></A>
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A leather cat o' nine tails pictured with a U.S. dollar bill for size comparison. A U.S. dollar bill is about 6 inches (about 15 cm) long, so the total length would be about 30 inches (75 cm).</DIV>
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<TBODY><TR>
<TD style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">Part of <A href="/wiki/Category:Corporal_punishments" title="Category:Corporal punishments">a series</A> on</TD>
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<TR>
<TH class="navbox-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.1em;"><A href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">Corporal punishment</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><A href="/wiki/File:Pelourinho.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Pelourinho.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pelourinho.jpg/170px-Pelourinho.jpg" width="170" height="108" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pelourinho.jpg/255px-Pelourinho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pelourinho.jpg/340px-Pelourinho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="249" /></A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em">By place</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment_in_the_home" title="Corporal punishment in the home">Domestic</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment" title="School corporal punishment">School</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Judicial_corporal_punishment" title="Judicial corporal punishment">Judicial</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em">By implementation</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Belting_(beating)" title="Belting (beating)">Belting</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Birching" title="Birching">Birching</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Caning" title="Caning">Caning</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Cat o' nine tails</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">Flagellation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Foot_whipping" title="Foot whipping">Foot whipping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Knout" title="Knout">Knout</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paddle_(spanking)" title="Paddle (spanking)">Paddle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scourge" title="Scourge">Scourge</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Slippering" title="Slippering">Slippering</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanking" title="Spanking">Spanking</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Strapping_(punishment)" title="Strapping (punishment)">Strapping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Switch_(corporal_punishment)" title="Switch (corporal punishment)">Switch</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tawse" title="Tawse">Tawse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Crop_(implement)" title="Crop (implement)">Riding crop</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Whip" title="Whip">Whip</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em">By country</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Judicial_corporal_punishment_in_Afghanistan" title="Judicial corporal punishment in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Caning_in_Brunei" title="Caning in Brunei">Brunei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_law_in_Aceh" title="Islamic criminal law in Aceh">Indonesia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Iran</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Caning_in_Malaysia" title="Caning in Malaysia">Malaysia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporal punishment in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Qatar" title="Human rights in Qatar">Qatar</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Caning_in_Singapore" title="Caning in Singapore">Singapore</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment_in_Taiwan" title="Corporal punishment in Taiwan">Taiwan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Human rights in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em">Court cases</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Canadian_Foundation_for_Children,_Youth_and_the_Law_v_Canada_(AG)" title="Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v Canada (AG)">CFCYL v. Canada</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Ingraham_v._Wright" title="Ingraham v. Wright">Ingraham v. Wright</A></I></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em">Politics</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<DIV style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Campaigns_against_corporal_punishment" title="Campaigns against corporal punishment">Campaigns against<BR />
corporal punishment</A></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;font-size:115%">
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<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Corporal_punishment" title="Template:Corporal punishment"><ABBR title="View this template">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corporal_punishment" title="Template talk:Corporal punishment"><ABBR title="Discuss this template">t</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Corporal_punishment&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template">e</ABBR></A></LI>
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</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The <B>cat o' nine tails</B>, commonly shortened to <B>the cat</B>, is a type of multi-tailed <A href="/wiki/Whip" title="Whip">whip</A> that originated as an implement for severe <A href="/wiki/Physical_punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical punishment">physical punishment</A>, notably in the <A href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</A> and Army of the United Kingdom, and also as a <A href="/wiki/Judicial_corporal_punishment" title="Judicial corporal punishment">judicial punishment</A> in Britain and some other countries.</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Etymology"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Etymology</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Description"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Description</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Variations"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Variations</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#Historical_punishments"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Historical punishments</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><A href="#Naval_types_and_use"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Naval types and use</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><A href="#Flogging_round_the_fleet"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flogging round the fleet</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="#British_Army"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">British Army</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="#Prison_usage"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Prison usage</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Penal_colonies_in_Australia"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Penal colonies in Australia</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><A href="#Slavery"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Slavery</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#Modern_uses_and_types"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Modern uses and types</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><A href="#Further_reading"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Further reading</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The term first appears in 1695,<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP> although the design is much older. It was probably so called in reference to its "<A href="/wiki/Claw" title="Claw">claws</A>", which inflict parallel wounds. There are equivalent terms in many languages, usually strictly translating, and also some analogous terms referring to a similar instrument's number of tails (cord or leather), such as the Dutch <I>zevenstaart</I> (seven tail[s]), <I>negenstaart</I> (nine tail[s]), the Spanish <I>gato de nueve colas</I> or the Italian <I>gatto a nove code</I>.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The cat is made up of nine <A href="/wiki/Knot" title="Knot">knotted</A> <A href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">thongs</A> of <A href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</A> <A href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">cord</A>, about <SPAN class="frac nowrap">2<SPAN class="visualhide"> </SPAN><SUP>1</SUP>⁄<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN> feet or 76 cm long, designed to lacerate the skin and cause intense pain.</P>
<P>It traditionally has nine thongs as a result of the manner in which rope is <A href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">plaited</A>. Thinner rope is made from three strands of <A href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</A> plaited together, and thicker rope from three strands of thinner rope plaited together. To make a cat o' nine tails, a rope is unravelled into three small ropes, each of which is unravelled again.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Variations">Variations</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variations">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Variations exist, either named cat (of x tails) or not, such as the whip used on adult <A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</A> prisoners which had a cord on a cudgel branching into seven tails, each with six knots, used only on adult men, with boys being subject to <A href="/wiki/Caning" title="Caning">caning</A>, until Egypt banned the use of the device in 2001.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Sometimes the term "cat" is used incorrectly to describe various other punitive <A href="/wiki/Flogging" class="mw-redirect" title="Flogging">flogging</A> devices with multiple tails in any number, even one made from 80 twigs (so rather a limp <A href="/wiki/Birching" title="Birching">birch</A>) to flog a drunk or other offender instead of 80 lashes normally applicable under <A href="/wiki/Shariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shariah">shariah</A> law. The closed cat, one without tails, was called a starter.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Historical_punishments">Historical punishments</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical punishments">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Naval_types_and_use">Naval types and use</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Naval types and use">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The naval cat, also known as the "captain's daughter" (which in principle was used under his authority) weighed about 13 ounces (370 grams) and was composed of a handle connected to nine thinner pieces of line, with each line knotted several times along its length.<SUP id="cite_ref-Lavery218_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Lavery218-3">[3]</A></SUP> Formal floggings — those ordered by captain or <A href="/wiki/Court_martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial">court martial</A> — were administered ceremonially on deck, the crew being summoned to "witness punishment" and the prisoner being brought forward by marines with fixed bayonets.<SUP id="cite_ref-Lavery218_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Lavery218-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
<P>During the period of the <A href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</A>, the naval cat's handle was made of rope about 2 feet (0.61 m) long and about 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter, and was traditionally covered with red <A href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">baize</A> cloth. The tails were made of cord about a quarter inch (6 mm) in diameter and typically 2 feet long.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> Drunkenness or striking an officer might incur a dozen lashes, which could be administered on the authority of the ship's captain. Greater punishments were generally administered following a formal <A href="/wiki/Court_martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial">court martial</A>, with Royal Navy records reflecting some standard penalties of two hundred lashes for desertion, three hundred for mutiny, and up to five hundred for theft. The offence of <A href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</A> generally drew the death penalty, though one eighteenth century court martial awarded a punishment of one thousand lashes - a roughly equivalent sentence as there was no likelihood of survival.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<P>A new cat was made for each flogging by a <A href="/wiki/Bosun" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosun">bosun</A>'s mate and kept in a red baize bag until use. If several dozen lashes were awarded, each could be administered by a fresh bosun's mate—a left-handed one could be included to assure extra painful crisscrossing of the wounds. One dozen was usually awarded as a highly sensitizing prelude to <A href="/wiki/Running_the_gauntlet" title="Running the gauntlet">running the gauntlet</A>.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<P>For summary punishment of Royal Navy <I>boys</I>, a lighter model was made, the reduced cat, also known as boy's cat, boy's pussy or just pussy, that had only five tails of smooth whip cord. If formally convicted by a court martial, however, even boys would suffer the punishment of the adult cat. While adult sailors received their lashes on the back, they were administered to boys on the bare posterior, usually while "kissing the gunner's daughter" (bending over a gun barrel), just as boys' lighter "daily" chastisement was usually over their (often naked) rear-end (mainly with a cane – this could be applied to the hand, but captains generally refused such impractical disablement – or a rope's end). Bare-bottom discipline was a tradition of the English upper and middle classes, who frequented public schools,<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> so <A href="/wiki/Midshipmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Midshipmen">midshipmen</A> (trainee officers, usually from 'good families', getting a cheaper equivalent education by enlisting) were not spared, at best sometimes allowed to receive their lashes inside a cabin. Still, it is reported that the 'infantile' embarrassment of bare-bottom punishment was believed essential for optimal deterrence; cocky miscreants might brave the pain of the adult cat in the macho spirit of "taking it like a man" or even as a "badge of honour".</P>
<P>On board <A href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">training ships</A>, where most of the crew were boys, the cat was never introduced, but their bare bottoms risked, as in other naval establishments on land, "the sting of the <A href="/wiki/Birching" title="Birching">birch</A>", another favourite in public schools.</P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flogging_round_the_fleet">Flogging round the fleet</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flogging round the fleet">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>"The severest form of flogging was a flogging round the fleet. The number of lashes was divided by the number of ships in port and the offender was rowed between ships for each ship's company to witness the punishment."<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> Penalties of hundreds of lashes were imposed for the gravest offences, including <A href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</A> and <A href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutiny</A>. The prisoner was rowed around the fleet in an open boat and received a number of his lashes at each ship in turn, for as long as the surgeon allowed. Sentences often took months or years to complete, depending on how much a man was expected to bear at a time. Normally 250–500 lashes would kill a man, as infections would spread."<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP> After the flogging was completed, the sailor's lacerated back was frequently rinsed with <A href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</A> or <A href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</A>, which was thought to serve as a crude <A href="/wiki/Antiseptic" title="Antiseptic">antiseptic</A> (now known <A href="/wiki/Seawater#Microbial_components" title="Seawater">not to be the case</A>). Although the purpose was to control infection, it caused the sailor to endure additional pain, and gave rise to the expression, "rubbing salt into his wounds," which came to mean vindictively or gratuitously increasing a punishment or injury already imposed.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="British_Army">British Army</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: British Army">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</A> had a similar multiple whip, though much lighter in construction, made of a drumstick with attached strings. The flogger was usually a <A href="/wiki/Drummer" title="Drummer">drummer</A> rather than a strong bosun's mate. Flogging with the cat o' nine tails fell into disuse around 1870.</P>
<P>Whereas the British naval cat rarely cut (contrary to graphic films) but rather abraded the skin, the falls (tresses) of the British Army cat were lighter (around 1/8th of an inch) and the string was in fact codline - a very dense material akin to tarred string. Although the total whip would weigh only a fraction of a naval rope cat, the thin, dense codline tresses were far more likely to cut the skin.</P>
<P>It was also used elsewhere in the empire, notably at the penal colonies in <A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</A>, and also in <A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</A> (a dominion in 1867) where it was used until 1881. An 1812 drawing<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP> shows a drummer apparently lashing the buttocks of a naked soldier who is tied with spread legs on an A-frame made from sergeants' half pikes. In many places, soldiers were generally flogged stripped to the waist.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Prison_usage">Prison usage</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prison usage">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The cat-o'-nine-tails was also used on adult <A href="/wiki/Convict" title="Convict">convicts</A> in prisons; a 1951 memorandum<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP> (possibly confirming earlier practice) ordered all UK male prisons to use only cat o' nine tails (and birches) from a national stock at <A href="/wiki/Wandsworth" title="Wandsworth">Wandsworth</A> prison, where they were to be 'thoroughly' tested before being supplied in triplicate to a prison whenever a flogging was pending for use as prison discipline. In the 20th century, this use was confined to very serious cases involving violence against a prison officer, and each flogging had to be confirmed by central government.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Penal_colonies_in_Australia">Penal colonies in Australia</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Penal colonies in Australia">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Especially harsh floggings were given with it in secondary <A href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colonies</A> of early colonial Australia, particularly at such places as <A href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</A> (apparently this had 9 leather thongs, each with a lead weight, meant as the ultimate deterrent for hardened life-convicts), <A href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur</A> and <A href="/wiki/Moreton_Bay" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</A> (now <A href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</A>).<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Slavery">Slavery</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Slavery">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>It was used on slave trade ships to punish the slaves.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Modern_uses_and_types">Modern uses and types</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern uses and types">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Judicial_corporal_punishment" title="Judicial corporal punishment">Judicial corporal punishment</A></DIV>
<P>Judicial corporal punishment was removed from the statute book in Great Britain in 1948. The cat was still being used in Australia in 1957 and is still in use in a few Commonwealth countries, although the cane is used in more countries.</P>
<P>Judicial corporal punishment has been abolished or declared unconstitutional since 1997 in <A href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</A>, <A href="/wiki/St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</A>, <A href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</A>, <A href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</A> (in 2001) and <A href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</A> (in 2002).</P>
<P>However, some former colonies in the <A href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</A> have reinstated flogging with the cat. <A href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</A> reinstated it in 1990, followed by the <A href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</A> in 1991 (where, however, it was subsequently banned by law)<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</A> in 1993 (only to be formally declared inhumane and thus unconstitutional by the Barbados Supreme Court).</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Trinidad_%26_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad & Tobago">Trinidad & Tobago</A> never banned the "Cat". Under the Corporal Punishment (Offenders over Sixteen) Act 1953, use of the "Cat" was limited to male offenders over the age of 16. The age limit was raised in 2000 to 18.</P>
<P>The Government of Trinidad & Tobago has been accused of torture and "cruel, inhuman and degrading" treatment of prisoners, and in 2005 was ordered by the <A href="/wiki/Inter-American_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Court of Human Rights">Inter-American Court of Human Rights</A> to pay US $50,000 for "moral damages" to a prisoner who had received 15 strokes of the "Cat" plus expenses for his medical and psychological care; it is unclear whether the Court's decisions were implemented. Trinidad & Tobago did not acknowledge the Court's jurisdiction, since it had denounced the American Convention on Human Rights several years before the Court started hearing this case.<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></TD>
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</TBODY></TABLE>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">Flagellation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Judicial_corporal_punishment" title="Judicial corporal punishment">Judicial corporal punishment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Physical_punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical punishment">Physical punishment</A> (includes comparison of disciplinary implements)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scourge" title="Scourge">Scourge</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tawse" title="Tawse">Tawse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Whip" title="Whip">Whip</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/noa/pdf/27636_Rest_U03_Congreve.pdf">William Congreve's love for love and first mention of cat o nine tails see page 32 and the fourth dialogue down spoken by Ben</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/nea/8248.htm">Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Egypt: 2001</A>, U.S. State Department.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Lavery218-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Lavery218_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Lavery218_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Lavery, Brian (1989). <I>Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organisation 1793-1815</I>. Naval Institute Press. p. 218. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781591146124" title="Special:BookSources/9781591146124">9781591146124</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nelson%27s+Navy%3A+The+Ships%2C+Men+and+Organisation+1793-1815&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9781591146124&rft.aulast=Lavery&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat+o%27+nine+tails" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Rodger, N. A. M. (1986). <I>The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy</I>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 227. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870219871" title="Special:BookSources/0870219871">0870219871</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wooden+World%3A+An+Anatomy+of+the+Georgian+Navy&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0870219871&rft.aulast=Rodger&rft.aufirst=N.+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat+o%27+nine+tails" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Humphries, Stephen (1981). <I>Hooligans or Rebels?: An oral history of working-class childhood and youth 1889–1939</I>. Oxford: Blackwell. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-12982-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-12982-0">978-0-631-12982-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hooligans+or+Rebels%3F%3A+An+oral+history+of+working-class+childhood+and+youth+1889%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-631-12982-0&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat+o%27+nine+tails" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk/broadside8.html">Broadside. Crime and Punishment</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/searchbin/searchs.pl?exhibit=it0313d&axis=1194612893&flash=&dev=">Flogging Round the Fleet</A><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template"><SPAN style="white-space: nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><SPAN title=" Dead link since August 2017">permanent dead link</SPAN></A></I>]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/fort_henry/BackWay/punishment.html">Fort Henry, Canada.</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corpun.com/ukprr1.htm">Memorandum to prisons re: Birches and Cats-o'-nine tails</A>, PRO HO 323/13, National Archives.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/statutes/statute_CHAPTER_84.html">Bahamas Penal Code</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615023254/http://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/statutes/statute_CHAPTER_84.html">Archived</A> 2011-06-15 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>..</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_123_ing.pdf">Case of Caesar v. Trinidad and Tobago</A>, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Judgment of March 11, 2005.</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_o%27_nine_tails&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/noa/pdf/27636_Rest_U03_Congreve.pdf">William Congreve's Love for Love and the first mention of cat of nine tails in literature see page 32 and the fourth dialogue down spoken by Ben</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corpun.com/kiss1.htm">CORporalPUNishment website – here an illustrated example among many other articles, mainly on the adult cat</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cat">EtymologyOnLine</A></LI>
<LI>Joseph W. Bean, <I>Flogging</I>, <A href="/wiki/Greenery_Press" title="Greenery Press">Greenery Press</A>, 2000. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number (identifier)">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-890159-27-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-890159-27-1">1-890159-27-1</A>.</LI>
<LI><A href="http://wipipedia.org/index.php/Male_Genitorture" class="extiw" title="wipipedia:Male Genitorture">Male Genitorture</A> on Wipipedia, a specialist BDSM <A href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</A>.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecstagony.com/eng/dict/dicinstr/instr_ca.htm">Ecstagony- Dictionary of flogging instruments, with some illustrations</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/hrp/clinic/past%20projects/americas/trinidad_and_tobago.html">Article and downloadable pdf file on corporal punishment in Trinidad and Tobago by Harvard Law School</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050728145950/http://www.interights.org/page.php?dir=About&page=commonwealth_programme_activities.php">Inter-American Court of Human Rights orders Trinidad to pay compensation for flogging and humiliation of prisoners in March 2005</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017190533/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR140022006?open&of=ENG-2AM">Amnesty International report on use of the Cat o' nine tails on 6 Oct. 2006 in Bahamas</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061010073101/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR490072000?open&of=ENG-TTO">Amnesty International report recording use of Cat o' nine tails on woman and young boy in Trinidad</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/iachr/iachr.html">Inter-American Court of Human Rights' decisions and documents</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corpun.com/atoz2.htm#C">Use of Cat o' nine tails on World Corporal Punishment Topics site</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corpun.com/fjju9805.htm">Judicial caning in Fiji in 1998</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mustrad.org.uk/reviews/invader.htm">Review of Lord Invader's calypso album of 1959</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306213033/http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=39831">Play sample of Lord Invader's calypso "Cat o' nine tails" here</A></LI>
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