I decided to make a quick little encoder in Python as a little challenge for myself. I decided to submit my program as I am very interested in improving my programming skills and learning better ways to code. My program simply asks for a string and for a key. The key could be +3, +4, etc. The key will add the number inputted to the number corresponding to each letter, then return the new letters.dic = {A: 0, B: 1, C: 2, D: 3, E: 4, F: 5, G: 6, H: 7, I: 8, J: 9, K: 10, L: 11, M: 12, N: 13, O: 14, P: 15, Q: 16, R: 17, S: 18, T: 19, U: 20, V: 21, W: 22, X: 23, Y: 24, Z: 25,  : 26}dic2 = {}for x,v in dic.items():    dic2[v] = xprogram = Truewhile program:    list = []    encodeNums = []    encodeStr = []    task = input(Would you like to encode or decode?: ).lower()    if task == encode:        string = input(What would you like to encode?: ).upper()        key = input(What key would you like to use?: )        for x in string:            list.append(dic[x])        for x in list:            encodeNums.append(eval({}{}.format(x,key)) % 27)        for x in encodeNums:            encodeStr.append(dic2[x])        print(.join(encodeStr))
Simple encoder by a beginner
python;beginner;python 3.x;caesar cipher
I'd highly suggest learning comprehensions. The simplest is a list comprehension. This allows you to change say:list = []for x in string:    list.append(dic[x])To:list = [dic[x] for x in string]However, you can get better memory usage by using a generator comprehension, this works in roughly the same way as a list, however you can't index it. Which for this code is fine. To do this replace the square brackets with curved ones:gen = (dic[x] for x in string)You can also use a dictionary comprehension to simplify your creation of dic2:dic2 = {v: k for k, v in dic.items()}Purge all memory of eval, it leads to poor code and has severe security vulnerabilities. Instead cast the users input to an int. This can simplify decoding too. However you have to make sure the user does actually enter a number.I don't like list = [] being outside the if statement. There's not much of a need for this. However it's fixed when using comprehensions.I also think you should use while True rather than while program:. As you never change program.Merging this all together gets you:dic = {A: 0, B: 1, C: 2, D: 3, E: 4, F: 5, G: 6, H: 7, I: 8, J: 9, K: 10, L: 11, M: 12, N: 13, O: 14, P: 15, Q: 16, R: 17, S: 18, T: 19, U: 20, V: 21, W: 22, X: 23, Y: 24, Z: 25,  : 26}dic2 = {v: k for k, v in dic.items()}while True:    task = input(Would you like to encode or decode?: ).lower()    if task == encode:        string = input(What would you like to encode?: ).upper()        while True:            try:                key = int(input(What key would you like to use?: ))                break            except ValueError:                pass        list = (dic[x] for x in string)        encodeNums = ((x + key) % 27 for x in list)        encodeStr = (dic2[x] for x in encodeNums)        print(.join(encodeStr))Going forward, I'd change your code to encode and decode with the same code. This is as the Caesar cipher is a symmetric cypher, so simply using key = -key allows you to decode the encoding.Allowing:dic = {A: 0, B: 1, C: 2, D: 3, E: 4, F: 5, G: 6, H: 7, I: 8, J: 9, K: 10, L: 11, M: 12, N: 13, O: 14, P: 15, Q: 16, R: 17, S: 18, T: 19, U: 20, V: 21, W: 22, X: 23, Y: 24, Z: 25,  : 26}dic2 = {v: k for k, v in dic.items()}while True:    string = input(What would you like cypher?: ).upper()    task = input(Would you like to encode or decode?: ).lower()    while True:        try:            key = int(input(What key would you like to use?: ))            break        except ValueError:            pass    if task == decode:        key = -key    list = (dic[x] for x in string)    encodeNums = ((x + key) % 27 for x in list)    encodeStr = (dic2[x] for x in encodeNums)    print(.join(encodeStr))