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How They Came To Be Viking-period style groups from Broa to Urnes By Iben Skibsted Klaesoe
The history of scholarship relating the styles Viking Period is rather different that Germanic art styles. The individual have been defined over course many years, some them only recently, and continue be debated. However for this period as Iron Age, it was Muller who fired starting shot. Plant ornament appears a distinct but limited in early Period. In connexion with construction new chronology author has nonetheless based herself on type decoration. It subsequently decisive importance development animals Mammen Ringerike Styles. stylistic terms, transition Age involved series very concepts, which overlap one another often occur side-byside. Continental Tassilo Style, product Insular mission Continent, recognized since Muller’s time, long time called Missionary Style; Style by Haseloff 1951. F regarded Ramskou (1965) southern Scandinavian derivative Style. These are dated second half 8th century around 800. Almgren’s term 1955 later manifestations Salin’s III, described 1904, practically same Arwidsson’s E 1942. Association gripping beasts characteristic material style. were something quite animal art. came leave their mark both Berdal brooches Borre Style/Style final third century. »Oseberg masters« Shetelig’s woodcarvers produced carved wooden objects Oseberg ship. artefacts stylistically diverse comprise several transitional period. Dendro-datings assign boat year 820 burial chamber 834. Gripping feature found Broa, Styles therefore contemporary all these. identified Rydh 1919, the subject much discussion because lack predecessors Most recently (2001) Helmbrecht questioned whether origin plausible. oval (tortoise) brooches, moulds large numbers Ribe excavations, fact Capelle present author. studies date upon last quarter most recent research particular carried out Wamers, sees entirely influence cloisters, Anglo-Irish Carolingian Renaissance. Helmbrecht, however, certain chronological problems. suggested whole group involving should treated under title Asymmetrical involves besides. Shetelig assigned finds those Gokstad category widely used portmanteau 9th-century material. redefining its contents calling Symmetrical Animal subsequent no longer ribbon-shaped heraldic-looking, standing »the animal«. Jellinge had christened Shetelig, seen profile. This first 10th using Profile 1931, Lindqvist distinguished Characteristic profile associated amount plant ornament. Birds also considerable numbers. discussed Wamers publication great stone. While Anglo-Saxon inspiration, attributed Ottonian influences Winchester kinds, well human figures masks, while scenic views known. extensively ornament. It 1931. thorough examination Fuglesang 1980, aristocratic circles newly established Church Scandinavia, reflecting possibly influence, including, once again, animal-art styles, developed animal. Typical thin extremities. 1909, particularly known occurrence Norwegian stave-churches. comprehensive 1992 Wilson 1995. an background logical association Church, believes predecessors. middle 11th point within 12th merge into another, makes difficult job classify Many scholars worked few looked at sequence. sharpest boundary falls between earlier – beast heraldiclooking, animal: more precise, Mammen. Between these two style, characterized snake- bird-like profile, independent link other On contrary, elements can congruent about hundred years earlier.
Hikuin