Lombard and Carolingian Italy
Paolo Delogù
All over Lombard Italy, the dukes were titular holders of local power, but their ties with kings had different degrees intensity and subordination. Only in northern Italy really bound to kingdom kings. After conquests Byzantine territory by King Rothari 640s, for a long time limited military activity internal affairs occasional defence against invasions, Franks west Avars east. Frankish conquest, survived as distinct state, at price losing its national foundation. Many aspects Carolingian government up Lothar depended on role played within empire. The political configuration took new character during reign Louis II. aristocracy was prepared grant prerogatives emperor than king.
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