The significance of the Carolingian advocate
Charles West
This article argues that ninth-century advocates in the Frankish world deserve more attention than they have received. Exploring some of wealth relevant evidence, it reviews and critiques both current historiographical approaches to issue. Instead considering Carolingian as largely a by-product ecclesiastical immunity, or viewing advocacy Trojan horse for subsequent establishment lordship over monasteries, proposes reading intimately linked with wider reform, particularly an interest promoting formal judicial procedure.
Early Medieval Europe|White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds)