The Four Oldest Latin Quotations of the Qur’an: Eighth/Ninth-Century al-Andalus
Thomas E. Burman
The Epistula Leonis imperatoris ad Umar regem Saracenorum directa is a thus far unnoticed work that should be added to the corpus of ninth-century Latin works written in al-Andalus. It translation (so unknown) Arabic version letter Byzantine Emperor, Leo III, purportedly sent Caliph II, an attempt persuade him become Christian (other versions this survive Armenian and Arabic, by caliph are likewise extant more than one language). survives four manuscripts, earliest them (Paris, BnF MS 2826), being copy Carolingian minuscule surely translated This essay places its three quotations Qur’an alongside only other known quotation holy book period, Istoria de Mahometh, analyzing detail how each passage was from into Latin, arguing general, while they all modestly close original most cases translators have subtly or not-so-subtly distorted verses make amenable argument against Islam.
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