Creation and development of systems of weight measures in Germany, Austria and Scandinavian countries
Andrii Zubko
The development of the economy in territories modern Germany, peninsulas Jutland and Scandinavia, inhabited since ancient times by tribes that spoke Germanic languages, required use various measures, units which must be related to each other. Since primitive times, Germans, like other peoples world, used so-called natural standards were borrowed from nature itself. political disunity led their lack a single system measures. However, generally accepted standard weight measures appeared with them. It was mass wheat or barley grain. When using measure production trade, calculation based on numbers ten twenty adopted Indo-European peoples. In II–I century B.C., Romans conquered territory Germany west bank Rhine River. Roman colonies founded there; monetary put into use. lands east not part Empire. due ties trade exchange Empire, gradually came these lands. first centuries A.D., attacked Romans. 5th century, Western Empire fell. its provinces who created independent kingdoms here. 8th Charlemagne, ruler one them, namely Frankish, united former under his authority. empire created, German combined. particular, instead siliqua, is carob bean, grain as weight. according this conducted only help numerals for 6 12, but also dividing two decimal system. Charlemagne’s included coin Subsequently, analysis sources shows, it basis Carolingian systems Austria Scandinavian countries during Middle Ages. 9th fell apart. 10th Otto I, king having authority certain Europe, announced foundation Holy nation. Later, state apart separate possessions, rulers introduced own They division marks. Initially, unit equal 2/3 pound. stamp From 15th gold silver Cologne mark are being distributed Europe. second half XIX unification took place, coincided introduction international metric countries.
Етнічна історія народів Європи