Byzantine-Western Relations in the Political and Ecclesiastical Spheres in Later Carolingian Times
Klaus Herbers
AbstractThis article highlights the main fields of Byzantine-Western contact and confrontation (particularly concerning Rome) during later 9th century, that had emerged since Late Antiquity throughout earlier Middle Ages. Some aspects play a dominant role: so-called “two-emperor-problem” provoked by Charlemagne’s imperial coronation; end Iconoclast controversy; Photian schism, closely linked to struggle for influence in Bulgaria; finally Tetragamy controversy. The Carolingian epoch this sense extends from approximately 843 911, corresponds period reign Michael III Leo VI Byzantium. At ecclesiastical level protagonists were Popes III, IV, Nicholas I, Hadrian II, John VIII, as well Constantinopolitan Patriarchs Methodios Ignatios, Photios.
BRILL eBooks