Autonomy, integration and marginalization in the construction of medieval states: A comparison of Gwynedd and Languedoc under outside rule
James Given
One of the major developments in history western Europe between 1100 and 1300 was construction large-scale political organizations. Before life had often been intensely local, its horizons limited to village, parish, or county. But twelfth thirteenth centuries old local communities post-Carolingian were aggregated into kingdoms city-states that formed such a prominent feature European high Middle Ages. This essay is concerned with one aspect this process construction: factors determined possible pathways community could follow as it incorporated larger organization.
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