Od domus civium do pałacu komunalnego. Średniowieczne początki siedziby władz miejskich
Halina Manikowska
From domus civium to a communal palace. The medieval beginnings of the seat municipal authorities(Summary) article discusses development permanent authorities in western Medieval towns – most impressive secular public building, symbol and ‘logo’ town (known as commune). main subject analysis is terminology used describe various communities citizens, places for their gatherings authorities, source materials, from oldest mention communes until 13th century. birth communes, language them, are presented against backdrop great social political processes taking place at turn first second millennium, “post-Carolingian Europe”, although initially they were only perceptible Latin. common basis educating clerks (notaries writers) also terms law resulted barely differentiable quickly stabilized Latin describing commune (domus civium, civitatis, praetorium). differentiation more noticeable vernacular languages, especially with reference words where citizens held work which enables fuller perception relationship between power was exercised evolution degree its independence, system authority, aspirations sovereignty and, lastly, ideology identity. This reflects circumstances born developed, role, on one hand, bishop, his cathedral, other, stormy economy, particular trade establishment guilds (merchants’ chambers). What particularly term by Italian transforming into city-states 12th/13th century palatium (palazzo) Roman reserved Emperor, early period royalty, then, bishops losing powers towns, appropriated them residences being extended. general exercised, consolidated 13th/14th has remained little changed down this day regions researched area. concludes deliberations function late provided strong tower housed constantly increasing archives, credibility (locus credibilis), memories space communication.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych