“As If Augustine Had Said”: Textual Interpretation and Augustinian Ambiguity in a Medieval Debate on Predestination
Jenny Claire Smith
In ninth century Francia, a rebellious monk named Gottschalk of Orbais (808-868) ardently defended his theory divine predestination, much to the vexation Frankish Church, whose leaders eventually denounced him as heretical and imprisoned for remainder life. an effort disprove Gottschalk, perhaps most prominent opponent, Hincmar, Archbishop Reims (806-882), frequently cited elements ecclesiastical tradition in attempt show that western Catholic orthodoxy opposed predestination espoused. While scholars have analyzed Hincmar’s writings by focusing on citation patristic church father Saint Augustine Hippo (354-430), such approach ignores problematic nature Augustine’s stance which was largely ambiguous, hence ability both Hincmar reference proof their argument. at times limited merely suggesting God had bestowed eternal life some individuals, other he more explicit, defining terms twofold decree salvation damnation others. Such ambiguity created nebulous definition time controversy allowed weaken arguments likewise citing support own assertions. This turn forced extend arsenal beyond order refute Gottschalk. paper reevaluates sample 840s 850s argue sought make explicit what left unclear regarding appealing common standards forms additional authors, conciliar judgments, and&#x0D; liturgical practices. analysis reveals prominence ninth-century thought well role forming medieval views orthodoxy, however fluid label remained.
Past Imperfect