<i>Ecclesiastica</i>and<i>Regalia</i>: Papal investiture policy from the Council of Guastalla to the First Lateran Council, 1106–23
Michael Wilks
It is commonly asserted that in the early years of twelfth century medieval papacy was suddenly afflicted with a bad attack apostolic poverty. The consensus historical opinion accepts pope, Paschal II, who had already distinguished himself by launching crusades against both eastern and western Roman emperors, acted so much out character that, when forced to deal directly Henry V over question episcopal investiture, he abruptly astonishment contemporaries ‘decreed poverty whole Church’. as if St Peter hiccoughed, for brief instant church assailed self-doubt, tacitly admitting centuries criticism ecclesiastical secularity were justified. attempt renounce regalian rights bishops February IIII has become regarded many turning point process described weaning away from strict Gregorian principles, permitting introduction spirit moderation compromise which would eventually lead Concordat Worms ‘the end Investiture Contest’.
Studies in Church History