Moneta episcopalis. Mennictwo biskupie w Europie Środkowej X–XIII w. i jego zachodnioeuropejski kontekst
Marcin Rafał Pauk
Moneta episcopalis. Episcopal Minting in Central Europe and Its Western European Context Marcin R. Pauk points out that no primary sources testify to the circulation of coins emitted by ecclesiastical institutions Hungary, whereas Poland Bohemia their functioning was more frequent than modern historians are willing admit. Contemporary historiography records very few instances ecclesiastic minting. But this is due a number factors: conviction — much liking early–medieval Polish Czech minting highly centralized just like other administrational structures; prevailing opinion coin emissions were limited fact they provided for local markets only; finally view some produced could have been bracteates lacking inscriptions, thus attribution at present state research impossible.The appearance reception German example where rulers quite often bequeathed right mint Church institutions. This started with last years Carolingian monarchs developed under Saxon, Salian Hohenstaufen rulers. aim provide economic needs estates bishops monasteries market places located, which same time locations fiscal cameras.Central received phenomenon certain delay. In Poland, if one disregards difficult interpreting 11th century denarii head St. John Baptist, attributed Wroclaw, privileges bishop coins, resulted from these privileges, stem 13th earliest. They can be linked establishment great episcopal landed–estate complexes such as Duchy Nysa–Otmuchow Silesia, Kolobrzeg region Pomerania, Kielce Diocese Cracow, Żnin Łowicz Archdiocese Gniezno Krobia complex Poznan. We also know activities Plock Wloclawek, Cistercian abbeys Jedrzejow Wąchock, we privilege Cistercians Łekno. After break 14th centuries, practices only found Silesia became feudal dukes.The oldest Prague inscription HIC DENARIUS EST EPIZ[copi] dated end 10th either Adalbert or his successor Thiadag. Another centre Moravian vicinity Podvina, until 12th an object contention between Olomouc. Marcin convinced beginnings there times when Moravia incorporated Bohemia, although traced back Great period.Marcin stresses production derived prestigious functions, it estates. light hypothesis granting officials aimed assisting financing monumental constructions seems miss point.
Przegląd Historyczny