I. Edward I and Adolf of Nassau. A Chapter of Mediaeval Diplomatic History
Geoffrey Barraclough
The thirteenth century, like the eighteenth was a siècle français . Even Frederick II had failed to eradicate impression German decline which found expression after Philip Augustus's victory at Bouvines in 1214. After II's death 1250, Capetian monarchy used its power, prestige and traditions obtain political predominance Europe and, indeed, throughout Mediterranean world. French not, so firmly established as contemporaries supposed: 1314 period of “feudal reaction” set in, revealed weaknesses structure Capetians built up. But sudden concentration power closing years unity country around throne, unanimous support all classes, nobility, clergy bourgeoisie , gave royal policy, not only contrasted markedly with divergences interest within England Germany, but also monarchs decisive advantages their dealings other governments. based on Carolingian tradition directed “reintegration” Gaul, was, by comparison mere conservatism Edward I, positive, clearly defined, systematically pursued. Unlike English or policy i t invigorated conscious “ideology”, unofficial writings Pierre Dubois, official memoranda Nogaret, Flote Plaisians, deep roots history.3 Because these advantages, France this focal point complex problems European politics converged: wires statesmen were pulling, passed through Paris. responded reacted France.
Cambridge Historical Journal