The Crown and the Veil: Titles, Spiritual Kinship, and Diplomacy in Tenth‐Century Bulgaro–Byzantine Relations
Ian Mladjov
Abstract When it comes to diplomatic relations, the phrase “too close for comfort” perfectly describes relationship between medieval Byzantine and Bulgarian states in Balkan peninsula. In early 10th century, shortly after Bulgaria's conversion Eastern rite of Christianity, two engaged a bloody lengthy conflict over not just territory wealth but also now exacerbated issues equality prestige. Marching on Constantinople, monarch Simeon I demanded imperial title itself was partly accommodated by Ecumenical patriarch Nicholas an idiosyncratic ceremony that has caused much debate among Byzantinists Slavicists. This study explores main features historiographical attempts find correct answers testimony relevant sources. And while incident under investigation might appear self‐contained, lies at heart major preoccupation diplomacy: Byzantium's monopoly political heritage Rome Roman title. Correctly interpreted compared relations with Frankish ruler Charlemagne, Simeon's recognition as non‐Roman emperor peer his counterpart 913 suggests pattern grudging incomplete accommodation designed guarantee both safety identity Empire.
History Compass