Geneza formy architektonicznej kościoła Mariackiego w Gdańsku – późnogotyckiej świątyni Rady Głównego Miasta
Elżbieta Pilecka
The Church of the Assumption Holy Virgin Mary, parish church Main Town Gdansk, is one most magnificent monuments brick architecture Baltic coast. It a building both important and symptomatic to direction changes occurring in late sacral architecture. However, while being mentioned all significant compendia history art, it remains unrecognized. does not explicitly fit either into tradition great churches hanseatic cities or lower Rhine Holland. origin its architectural form cannot be drawn directly from evolution European model cathedral (in royal-episcopal bourgeois-patrician variations planning spatial characteristics), solutions inspired by Cistercian churches. No sources have been identified terms particular hall buildings Moreover, was conditioned architectonic heritage neighboring region, i.e. religious State Teutonic Knights Prussia. progenitors builders did indeed draw some impulses above sources, yet their Gdansk outgrew formal expressive capabilities predecessors. commissioners that "town council church" participated kind intellectual discourse on very as well ideological expression. range significance, despite authorities' decisions made with no awareness "inscribing current transformations" undoubtedly meant adequately reflect intended content. Through - at same time municipal patrician town manifested status Hanseatic League. Yet, choice reductive, 'anti-gothic' language forms remained singularity.The artistic conception Gothic outlined already 1380s master Henryk Ungeradin. As result, were introduced constructive thought which shaped pre-existent 14th century basilica. Ungeradin worked out plan, idea building's internal space geometric choir. Those outlines also dictated rebuilding nave body beginning 1480s, completion merged choir transept. Various adjustments meantime influence original master.What he had planned huge church, wide square-ended choir, three-nave transept round chapels enveloping whole built between buttressing. size transept, position halfway down length rhythm bays widening towards center, contributed optical centralization complex. Thick, rough walls 'categorically' closed area divided octagonal pillars. These supported domed calottes sumptuous crystal net vaults. An analogous aesthetic effect outer view achieved juxtaposing plain peripheral lacelike roof triads each nave.The article an attempt provide response question where Ungeradin's fact originate, special attention eastern part Looking fundamental guidelines for analysis such elements as:1/. project based so-called layout (multi-nave, pseudo-ambulatory, lined chapels, connected multi-nave chapel-lined straight-ended arms), 2/. accomplishing hall-like plan,made possible search characteristic estate among adequate types, mutations multiple environments 13th through century. taken consideration included, other items, ambit choirs basilica polygonal plan rectangular three-abside tending 'square' end, choirless churches, group city 'cathedral choirs' elaborate transepts, estates according those plans, embedded process reduction number sides polygon ending introduction shallow inter-buttress equal height naves. revealed stages leading concept could traced back regional, complexes Stralsund (St. Nicolas), Rostock (Holy Mary), Doberan (Cistercian), end completely new creations Wismar George) Mary). just final two we can find values. They may shape parallel fashion, regardless taking place West second half example bears resemblance church. Such similarity even suggest educated himself grounds Marian city. Both boast groundbreaking purity architecture, bestowing value wall massive real character. became medieval 'picture Church', expressed concrete, rational vision.Methodology-wise, present feedback consistent traditional requiring further revision approach researchers, whose aim include monument typological-formal sequence transformation.
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