From the Carolingian Empire to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
James Muldoon
Both the birth and death dates of medieval Empire are matters unambiguous public record. From day on which Pope Leo III (795–816) crowned Charlemagne (771–814), Christmas Day in year 800, until 6 August 1806, when Napoleon’s actions caused Charlemagne’s final imperial successor, Francis II (1792–1806), to give up crown brought it an end, there was a Roman functioning Western Europe.3 The specificity with we know its beginning however, is misleading. To say that surrendered assume his empire same as Charlemagne’s.4 Comparing maps showing territorial extent two rulers’ domains would quickly disabuse observer belief ruled domain. While Charles’s stretched south west from their heartland along Rhine, into Italy Spain, II’s centered Austrian lands formed base Habsburgs pushed east. had capital, Aachen, Aix-la-Chapelle, Rhineland, while Prague then Vienna served capitals they southeastern Europe.
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