Carolingian renewal: sources and heritage
Roman books and Carolingian renovatio imagines regum their significance in the early medieval West ethnic history Carolingians - an alternative reading of Paul Deacon's Historia Langobardorum aula renovata court before Aachen Palace Alcuin kingdom heaven liturgy, theology age texts, chant Chapel Louis Pious continental background 10th-century English reform educational tradition England from Alfred to Aelfric.
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