Text and image in the Carolingian world
Rosamond McKitterick
The functions of writing and painting in early mediaeval western Europe must be set the context uses, levels distribution literacy societies barbarian west, many which have been discussed preceding papers this volume. It is clear from Nelson's paper particular that there a growing consensus concerning wider possession of, resort to, by Franks at number different levels, especially as far Carolingian government concerned, it on eighth ninth centuries I concentrate paper. (and others under rule) increased their to literate modes legal, governmental administrative transactions end century. civilization, indeed, was one largely dependent written word for its religion, law, government, learning recording past. Its members, lay cleric, attained widely divergent both pragmatic learned few telling cases we can document with some precision.
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