Exemplum virtutis for Christian Emperors: the Role of Herakles/Hercules in Late Antique Imperial Representation
Since the extant sources clearly indicate that image of Herakles remained a favourite with panegyricists well into early Byzantine era and beyond, this paper traces appearances in his political role as exemplum virtutis for rulers Chritianised empire from late 4th to 9th century. The hero played prominent Theodosian era, princeps christianus Theodosius I being eulogized [Herakles] Kallinikos arch leading Forum Constantinople dominated by columns shaped like club Herakles, thereby mirroring victorious Theodosius’ Alexikakos pacifier after defeat usurper Magnus Maximus, protecting dynastic monument thus emperor sons. continued be utilised flattering comparison Claudian’s praise Honorius Stilicho, before Sidonius compared heroic deeds younf Avitus those addressed Majorian Tirynthius alter. This shows beyond doubt that, regardless origins pagan myth vilifications apologists, was deemed fitting Christian emperor, eulogists could count on their audiences (including addressees) familiar favourably disposed towards him, accordance traditional use topos encomiastic literature. end antiquity, Heraclius surpassing works George Psidia, Carolingian Charles Bald reportedly crowned throne decorated scenes dodekathlos (Twelve Labours), which ought understood presenting him an example emulated perhaps exceeded.
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