Jewish-Christian relations in Europe, 840–1096
David Malkiel
The Jews of Europe enjoyed a period efflorescence and stability under the Carolingians; century half later they were massacred during First Crusade. Historians have explained transition from tranquillity to massacre by positing that series events intervening heralded downturn in political fortunes Jews, as well rising anti-Jewish agitation among Christians. This study closely analyses supposed signposts destruction demonstrates evidence does not support notion adumbration.
Journal of Medieval History