Godfrey of Bouillon Versus Raymond of Saint-Gilles: How Carolingian Kingship Trumped Millenarianism at the End of the First Crusade
Jay Rubenstein
Pope Urban II, in his call to crusade as imagined by Robert the Monk, urges Franks remember Charlemagne and hold him up a model.1 But one of points that attracted other writers story was absence royal figure. In words Guibert Nogent, moved “without lord, without prince, with God alone incite them.”2 Another monastic historian, Baudry Dol, has II proclaim will have Jesus for leader. Their journey, he adds, been prefigured. Just John Baptist came before Christ, so Children Israel crossed Red Sea Promised Land Franks.3 The image crossing Robert’s favorite images too. Bohemond, writes, told army just had led through would lead them places pilgrimage.4 After battle Dorylaeum, burst into same song Israelites sang upon their escape at Sea.5 Yet, another twelfth-century writer, Ralph Caen, compares breach Jerusalem’s walls movement those waters.6 some ways, this typology actually subverts Carolingian theme. While ninth-century were new Chosen People because king David,7 eleventh-century they no king, only God.
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