Wine, bread, and water, between doctrine and alternative. Norms and practical issues concerning the Eucharist and baptism in thirteenth-century Europe
Andrea Maraschi
Guillaume Durand’s Rationale divinorum officiorum was a liturgical encyclopedia which soon became the most important work of its kind, and thus represents an invaluable resource for study various aspects liturgy ritual in late thirteenth-century Europe. This contribution focuses on norms featured regarding two Christian sacraments - Eucharist baptism they were held to originate from same source (the wound Christ’s side caused by spear thrown Roman soldier). Both these required elements administration (wine, water, bread) had meet specific characteristics, this generated several issues, mainly concerning their availability other practical issues. analyzes such characteristics occasional proposals replace aforementioned contextualizing Guillaume’s within wider intellectual normative context, including Thomas Aquinas earlier canon law. The intention is show: 1) how fundamental role normativity played drawing line between liturgy, heresy, desecration; 2) that take practicality into account.
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