Some Lexical Problems in the Interpretation and Textual Criticism ofBeowulf(Verses 414a, 845b, 986a, 1320a, 1375a)
R. D. Fulk
Click to increase image sizeClick decrease size Notes 1. Jurasinski (2004) Jurasinski, Stefan. 2004. “Beowulf 73: ‘Public Land,’ Germanic Egalitarianism, and Nineteenth‐Century Philology.”. JEGP, 103: 323–40. [Google Scholar], for example, points out how Klaeber's understanding of the term folcscaru (73) depends upon political attitudes held by John M. Kemble wrongly ascribed Anglo‐Saxon period him. Also enlightening, if less consistently persuasive, are arguments Bloomfield (1994 Bloomfield, Josephine. 1994. “Diminished Kindness: Frederick Rewriting Wealhtheow.”. 93: 183–203. 1999 1999. “Benevolent Authoritarianism in Beowulf: An Editorial Translation Kingship.”. MLQ, 60: 129–59. Scholar]) regard ways that domestic views influence way he glosses certain items vocabulary. (Some these claims excessive inaccurate, e.g. OE milde, which fact is never securely attested sense ‘generous’: cf. 1994 Scholar]: 190–91 n. 26, where it maintained not only this actual meaning word but view supported analysis Green (1965 Green, D. H. 1965. The Carolingian Lord: Semantic Studies on Four Old High German Words, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 163–73), when actually argues ‘generous’ Saxon a secondary development.) 2. probably correct, uncertainties considerable: see, e.g., Laborde 1923 Laborde, E. 1923. “Grendel's Glove His Immunity from Weapons.”. Modern Language Review, 18: 202–4. 203; Rogers 1984 Rogers, L. 1984. “Beowulf, line 804.”. N&Q, n.s. 31: 289–92. Scholar]. 3. A conspicuous example noun āglæ-ca, treatment objections have often been raised, Robinson (1997 Robinson, Fred C. 1997. “Sigemund's fæh▒e ond fyrena: Beowulf 879a.”. In To Explain Present: Changing English Honour Matti Rissanen, Edited by: Nevalainen, Terttu Kahlas‐Tarkka, Leena. 201–8. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. 205). Another problematic nefa: most recently, Lowe 1993 Lowe, Kathryn A. 1993. “Never Say nefa Again: Problems Charters.”. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 94: 27–35. Scholar] Fischer 2002 Fischer, Andreas. 2002. “Notes Kinship Terminology History English.”. Of Dyuersitie & Chaunge Langage: Essays Presented Manfred Görlach, Lenz, Katja Möhlig, Ruth. 115–28. Heidelberg: Winter. Anglistische Forschungen 308. 124–6. (1985 1985. Appositive Style, Knoxville: Tennessee 14–18 et passim) offers fine discussion ambiguities inherent compounds, with critique some practices. 4. See, Andrew 1940 Andrew, S. O. 1940. Syntax Style English, 1948 1948. Postscript Beowulf, Scholar]; Mitchell 1985 Mitchell, Bruce. Syntax. 2 vols, Oxford: Clarendon. [Crossref] , §§ 2444–9, 2536–60. 5. revised edition, under editorship Robert Bjork, Niles, present author, will be published Houghton Mifflin, at writing (August, 2005) expected appear 2006. changes proposed here “contemplated” because they contingent decisions yet made editors. 6. poem cited edition Klaeber (1950a) Klaeber, Fr. ed. 1950a. Fight Finnsburg. 3rd 1st 2nd supplements, Boston: Heath. All other verse Krapp Dobbie 1931–53 Krapp, George Philip. 1931–53. Poetic Records. 6 Van Kirk Dobbie, Elliott. New York: Columbia though, consistency's sake, macrons added indicate quantities vowels diphthongs. 7. plain “after sun disappears firmament” contested Caldwell 1973 Caldwell, 1973. vv. 413b–414.”. Medium Ævum, 42: 131–2. reference astronomical twilight. This does clear up problem hādor. 8. So von Schaubert (1961–63 Schaubert, Else von, 1961–63. Heyne‐Schückings Beowulf. 17th (Vols. 2–3) 18th (Vol. 1), Paderborn: Schöningh. [15th (her first) 1940.] Scholar]), Lehnert (1967) Lehnert, Martin, 1967. Eine Auswahl, mit Einführung. 4th ed, Berlin: de Gruyter. [1st 1939.] Wrenn (1973) Wrenn, Finnesburg Fragment. rev. W. F. Bolton, London: Macmillan. 1953.] Nickel al. (1976–82 Nickel, Gerhardeds. 1976–82. und die kleineren Denkmäler der altenglischen Heldensage Waldere 3 Scholar]). 9. Pope (1966 Pope, 1966. Rhythm Rev. Haven: Yale 1942.] 323) earlier found metrically objectionable hādor, an shows also rejected possibility anacrusis. 10. So, Krause 1971 Krause, Wolfgang. 1971. Die Sprache urnordischen Runeninschriften, § 98. Antonsen (1975 Antonsen, Elmer. 1975. Concise Grammar Older Runic Inscriptions, Tübingen: Niemeyer. 86–7) would reconstruct PIE stem *(s)k∂ytro‐, implausible, since r confused older runic inscriptions; can derive s. 11. Compare translation Thorkelín editio princeps: ‘Postqvam Hesperi jubar / Sub coeli arcu Occultum fiebat’ (1815 Thorkelín, Grímur Jónsson. 1815. De Danorum rebus gestis secul. III IV. Poëma danicum dialecto anglosaxonica, Copenhagen: T. Rangel. 33). 12. For cognates, see Holthausen 1974 Holthausen, F., 1974. Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. (unrev.) 153. interchange ea due facultative application back mutation verse. We find similar alternation (e)atol, h(e)afola, others: 1950a lxxviii, 12.1. 13. See Fjalldal 1998 Fjalldal, Magnús. 1998. Long Arm Coincidence: Frustrated Connection between ‘Beowulf’ ‘Grettis saga’, Toronto: Toronto 72–4. Frank (1986 Frank, Roberta. 1986. “‘Mere’ ‘Sund’: Two Sea‐Changes Beowulf.”. Modes Interpretation Literature: Stanley B. Greenfield, Brown, P. R, Crampton, G. R 153–72. 154–8, excellent synopsis scholarship) poet purposely ambiguous. 14. argument, originated (1974 “Elements Marvellous Characterization Burlin, R. B Irving, Jr., 119–37. 126–7) has elaborated several others, examined Fulk 2005 Fulk, 2005. “Afloat Space: sund Nature Beowulf's Exploit Breca.”. 104(2005): 457–74. counterarguments offered. 15. addition those already mentioned, there Grundtvig's stedig (1861) Grundtvig, N. S., 1861. Beowulfes beorh, eller Bjovulfs‐drapen, det old‐angelske heltedigt, Schönberg. Sedgefield's stı¯▒‐ (edd. 1–2) his studu‐ (ed. 3). 16. As urged Clarke 1934 Clarke, Martin 1934. “Beowulfiana.”. 29: 320–1. (1950b 1950b. “Randglossen zur Texterklärung des Beiträge Geschichte deutschen Literatur, 72: 120–6. 120) objects stede plural (“ein kaum irgendwie entscheidender Einwand!” opinion Schaubert). Yet no obvious reason why should disallowed poetry, six times ‐stede compounded (with burg‐, wong‐, wı¯c‐). At all events, interpretation passage offered acceptable, context. 17. first Kemble; recently Chambers, Sedgefield, Wrenn; Toller 1921 Toller, Northcote 1921. Dictionary Based Manuscript Collections Late Joseph Bosworth: Supplement, Oxford s.v. 18. judgment based information given Grein 1912 Grein, M., 1912. Sprachschatz angelsächsischen Dichter. J. Köhler, nyd. 19. Vaf░rú▒nismál 8, Neckel (1983) Neckel, Gustav, 1983. Edda: Lieder Codex regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. 5th Hans Kuhn, normalized; so next, Hávamál. There instance Fjǫlsvinnsmál (in [1927] Neckel): Svipdagr complains giant Fjǫlsviðr offer lǫ▒ weary wayfarer. 20. editors, including Hunt (1885) Hunt, Theodore W., 1885. Cædmon's Exodus Daniel, Ginn. Blackburn (1907) Blackburn, A., 1907. 1.199), Irving (1953) B., 1953. Exodus, Tolkien (1981) Tolkien, R., 1981. Only Lucas (1994) Lucas, Peter J., Exodus. Exeter: Exeter emends ▒rysmyde. 21. Aside Sedgefield themselves, editors accepted emendation Magoun (1966) Magoun, Francis Peabody, Béowulf Judith. Bessinger, Jr, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard 1959.] Swanton (1997) Swanton, Michael, Manchester: Manchester That initial d‐ ▒‐ credited Healey 2003 Healey, Antonette diPaolo eds. 2003. English. Fascicle F Fascicles A–E revisions). CD‐ROM Version 1.0, Pontifical Institute Medieval Studies. drysmian. 22. another doubt authenticity MS drysma░, *drysmian, too, transferred class, requiring us posit just otherwise unattested verb alternate form equally unattested. 23. examples lines 68, 286, 300, 470, 567, 1367, 1487, 1923, 1967, 2344, 2520, 3018. studies, many poems, Pogatscher 1901 Pogatscher, 1901. “Unausgedrücktes Subjekt im Altenglischen.”. Anglia, 23: 261–302. Blockley Blockley, Mary “Apposition Subjects Verb‐Initial Clauses.”. Words Works: Literature Fred. Baker, P Howe, 173–86. 24. On aims American university curriculum, Damico 1997 Damico, Helen. “‘My Professor was Klaeber’: Minnesota Beyond.”. Preservation Transmission Culture, Szarmach, Paul E Rosenthal, Joel 73–98. Kalamazoo: Institute, Western Michigan University. 74–6. author wishes express warm thanks Niles Bjork their generous suggestions regarding notes, read draft. essay benefited enormously scrutiny, particularly complete agreement conclusions
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