Exposed and Abandoned. Origins of the Foundling Hospital
Michael Obladen
Abandoning undesired newborn infants was a Roman form of family limitation. They were exposed or given to foster mothers. Christianization alleviated their lot when in 374 CE, Emperor Valentinian's law provided some protection. The Milan Foundling Hospital established 787 CE. When the Carolingian Empire fell apart during 10th century, monastic networks (the Holy Spirit Order and Daughters Charity) took over social support for poor, sick, insane. hospitals proliferated Italy between 13th 15th centuries, France 16th 17th, Germany Austria 18th century. Metropolitan hospices admitted thousands each year. Most not "found" but anonymously via revolving box registered an open office. Soon after admission, they transported care wet nurses villages. Sick infants, especially those suspected suffering from syphilis, denied breast, artificial feeding tried with little success. Official death statistics falsified by relating infant deaths admissions total number children cared for. Over 60% died first year life, mostly pre-admission problems such as malformation, hypothermia, disease; poor hygiene overcrowded wards; feeding. Although intended that purpose, became medical research institutions late physicians surgeons employed maternity foundling hospitals.
Neonatology|PubMed