The papacy in the eighth and ninth centuries
Thomas F. X. Noble
This chapter provides the understanding of papal history in areas political symbolism and manifestations public authority sheds some light on economic life Rome. The assumption territorial rule entry local Roman nobility into clergy brought about an increase routine business a refinement structures church. church also exercised significant jurisdiction influence around Rome ways that were only marginally connected to spiritual functions In ninth century, popes began reassert themselves. Gregory IV, for example, explicitly quoted Gelasius letter dated 833 Frankish bishops. Gregory, his arrival Francia, claimed he had come restore peace Christian world, while bishops told him no sitting judgement upon emperor.
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