The Transformation of the West
A Stahl
From the fifth to eighth centuries, coinage of most former Western Roman Empire went through a transformation from varied metallic and denominational system dependence on single denomination, silver penny. At end century, large multiple bronzes bearing marks appeared in Byzantium. Silver had sunk subsidiary rather evanescent role by fourth century. The exceptions were Africa Iberia, where Islamic was introduced, derived late eastern Sassanian issues. path medieval European penny complicated, result persistence Late siliqua Italy Transalpine gold tremissis coin gradual debasement.
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