Rethinking the Schism of 1054: Authority, Heresy, and the Latin Rite
Brett Edward Whalen
In the year 1053, at request of Byzantine patriarch, Michael Kerullarios (1043–58), Archbishop Leo Ochrid denounced “priesthood Franks and reverend pope” for observing Jewish rites through their celebration Eucharist with azymes, same kind unleavened bread used Passover. made these accusations in a letter addressed to John, archbishop Trani southern Italy, region coexisting Latin Greek religious traditions that had been destabilized by recent invasion Normans. The epistle was subsequently passed along papal confidante Humbert Silva Candida, who translated it into presented Pope IX (1048–54). Around time, two churchmen also heard news patriarch anathematized all those rite Constantinople. A flurry inconclusive correspondence ensued between pope, ruler, Constantine Monomachos (1042–55). response this persistent crisis, dispatched legation Constantinople included Humbert, Frederick Lorraine, Peter Amalfi. On 16 July 1054, after series acrimonious debates, legates deposited bull excommunication against his supporters on high altar Hagia Sophia. responded excommunicating followers.
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