Peasants’ Landholdings and Movement in the Frankish East (8th-9th Centuries)
Thomas Köhl
The Carolingian economy has traditionally been studied from 
the perspective of large-scale landholdings. In past decades, scholarship 
has therefore stressed the importance centralized dominance 
and dependency in society.1 However, while 
large landholdings were certainly an important reality 
society general and particular, they are 
not only relevant level for investigating agrarian 
of this era.
The Journal of European economic history