Thinking Long on Afghanistan: Could it be Neutralized?
Audrey Kurth Cronin
Click to increase image sizeClick decrease size Acknowledgments The author thanks the Tobin Project in Cambridge, Massachusetts for financial support of this research. Notes 1. Peter Alexander Rupert Carrington, Reflect on Things Past (New York: Harper Collins, 1988), p. 318 and 325–6. Soviet reactions Carrington plan appear Izvestiya, February 21, 1980; Tass, 20, July 5, 1981. 2. Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence: Moscow's Ambassador America's Six Cold War Presidents Random House, 1995), pp. 450–1. For other prominent support, see Selig S. Harrison, “Dateline Afghanistan: Exit Through Finland?” Foreign Policy, no. 41 (Winter 1980–81): 163–187; former Indian Minister Jagat Mehta, “A Neutral Solution,” 47 (Summer 1982): 139–153. More recently, Henry A. Kissinger, “In Afghanistan, America Needs a Strategy, Not an Alibi,” International Herald Tribune, June 25, 2010, http://www.henryakissinger.com/articles/iht062510.html. 3. On history multilateral neutralization, Cyrus French Wicker, Neutralization (London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1911) Audrey Kurth Cronin, as Method Conflict Resolution among States (unpublished book manuscript). 4. Quoted by Edgar Bonjour, Swiss Neutrality: Its History Meaning, 2nd ed., trans. Mary Hottinger (London: Allen & Unwin., 1948), 46. 5. Fareed Zakaria, “The General: An Interview with David Petraeus, Head Central Command Commander Iraq during Bush Surge,” Newsweek, January 4, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/01/03/the-general.html. Petraeus drew comparison repeatedly response questions about nation-building. See also Elisabeth Bumiller, “Petraeus Tells Panel Drawdown Afghanistan May Include Some Combat Troops,” York Times, March 16, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/17/world/asia/17petraeus.html?_r=0. 6. further information neutralizations Belgium Luxembourg, William E. Lingelbach, “Belgian Origin Interpretation,” American Historical Review 39 (October 1933): 48–72; Fred Greene, “Neutralization Balance Power,” Political Science 47, 4 (December 1953): 1041–1057; Gordon Sherman, Permanent Neutrality Treaties,” Yale Law Journal 24, 3 (January 1915): 217–241. 7. experience Cyril Black, Richard Falk, Klaus Knorr, Oran R. Young, World Politics (Princeton, Jersey: Princeton 1968). 8. neutralization Austria, Great Power Struggle over Austria (Ithaca: Cornell 1986). 9. Rohde, “Holbrooke's Last Mission Afghanistan,” Daily Beast, November 26, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/26/richard-holbrooke-s-last-mission-in-afghanistan-by-david-rohde.html; Karen DeYoung, Death Leaves Major Void Obama's Afghan Strategy,” Washington Post, December 14, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/13/AR2010121306799.html. 10. excellent, in-depth analysis, Tomsen, Wars Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, Failures Powers Public Affairs, 2011), especially Chapters 24 653–712. 11. See, example, Sumit Ganguly Paul Kakur, Sorcerer's Apprentice: Islamist Militancy South Asia,” Quarterly 33, 1 2010): 47–59, http://csis.org/files/publication/twq10januarygangulykapur.pdf. 12. 2005 U.N. Drug Report found that Iran had highest drug addition world, 2.8 percent population age 15 being opiate addicts. Karl Vick, “Opiates Iranian People, Despair Drives World's Highest Addiction Rate,” September 23, 2005, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/22/AR2005092202287.html. 13. Frederick Staff Andrew C. Kuchins, et al., Key Success A Modern Silk Road (Washington, DC: Asia-Caucasus Institute Studies Program CSIS, 2010), http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/silkroadpapers/1005Afghan.pdf. 14. powers signatory declaration 20 authoritatively recognize present act neutrality inviolability independence any foreign influence are be considered true interest European Policy.” Document quoted English, Switzerland,” 12, 2 (April 1918): 249. 15. Luke Mogelson, Scariest Little Corner World,” October 18, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/21/magazine/the-corner-where-afghanistan-iran-and-pakistan-meet.html?pagewanted=all. 16. more information, Ahmed Rashid, “Russia China eye role Pakistan,” BBC News Asia, 6, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18342888; “SCO Role Dawn.com, http://dawn.com/2012/09/12/sco-sees-role-in-afghanistan/#print. 17. Author interviews Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2009. 18. “How Leave Without Losing,” August http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/08/24/how_to_leave_afghanistan_without_losing. 19. White Office Press Secretary, “Fact Sheet: U.S.-Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement,” 1, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/05/01/fact-sheet-us-afghanistan-strategic-partnership-agreement. complete agreement is at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/2012.06.01u.s.-afghanistanspasignedtext.pdf. Negotiations post-2014 Status Forces ongoing. 20. Demetrios G. Papademetriou Elizabeth Collett, Architecture Border Management, Transatlantic Council Migration, Migration Policy Institute, 7, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/borderarchitecture.pdf. Additional informationNotes contributorsAudrey CroninAudrey Cronin Professor George Mason How Terrorism Ends
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