Lighting, lords and peasants in post-Carolingian Europe
Paul Fouracre
This, the longest chapter in work, examines more detail how peasants on estates were organized to provide resources for church lights. There is a particular focus estate records (polyptychs) from mid-ninth century onwards, aim being identify social range of people who paid lights hereditary basis. The emergence guild also examined. A sort ‘middling group’ contributed are identified and traced France, Italy, Spain England. Resistance forced cultivation olives discussed relation famous case Italy. closes with survey structure underpinning supply materials across Europe.
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