al‐Andalus (Muslim Iberia)
Nicola Clarke
Abstract Between the Muslim conquest of much Iberian Peninsula in 711 and fall Granada 1492, history al‐Andalus (Muslim Iberia) bears many hallmarks classic rise, decline, narrative. It went from being an outpost a larger empire to imperial seat its own right, before crumbling, under pressure civil war external assaults both Christian north south, into ever‐decreasing array vulnerable city‐states. But multicultural reality this vibrant turbulent medieval polity was more complex than it first appears.
The Encyclopedia of Empire