La Tin Chant Outside the Roman Tradition
Kenneth Levy
Abstract During the centuries before Carolingian Emperors imposed a single, ostensibly Roman, liturgical and musical usage throughout their domains, various regions of Western Europe were served by distinctive local plainchant repertories. Four such repertories have come down to us essentially complete: (1) Frankish-Roman, socalled ‘Gregorian’ chant that was spread during sixth eighth from Rome, then ninth Frankish centres diffusion become universal dialect Latin Church; (2) Urban-Roman or ‘old Roman’ chant, used at Rome itself up late twelfth century; (3) Milanese ‘Ambrosian’ in dioceses Lombardy; (4) Hispanic, Old Spanish, Visigothic, ‘Mozarabic’ Iberian peninsula. Vestiges some other dialects survived Beneventan Campanian zones southern Italy as well Abruzzi, Ravenna, Italian centre north. From outside there are traces 'Gallican' native West kingdom until later century, 'Celtic' made its way Continent with early Irish missions. If unifying ideal Carolingians had been rigorously carried out, would be none earlier remaining than Frankish-Roman. But traditions die hard, European held on certain usages even after they nominally expunged.