Urban water supply infrastructure in Grudziądz (northern Poland): from the Middle Ages to the pre-modern times
Wacław Kulczykowski
Abstract This article presents the history of water supply system in Grudziądz (Poland) over centuries, from Middle Ages to end nineteenth century. The location on high escarpment Vistula River made it difficult town. innovative technical facilities, such as a water-work and tower had be constructed because gravitational waterworks could not applied. basis for research was analysis historical sources. In this study, non-invasive methods were used (aerial prospection, LiDAR scanning geophysical surveys with Ground Penetrating Radar), since hydrotechnical objects are located functioning urban space no excavations carried out. included: (i) measurements, exploration preparation photo-documentation tower, (ii) providing digital model (iii) finding tunnel inside (iv) attempting locate tunnel's course outside tower.
Water History