The Ordines Romani and the Carolingian Choreography of a Liturgical Route to Rome
Arthur Westwell
This article examines a number of Carolingian liturgical manuscripts (Wolfenbuttel Herzog August Bibliothek Wissenbourg 91, Cologne Dombibliothek MS 138, Vienna Österreichische Nationalbibliothek cod.ser.n. 2762 and Paris Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal 227) each containing texts now known as the ordines romani. These are "stage directions" for liturgy, distinguished by their reference to practices church Rome. While romani certainly give precious information about Roman practice, Frankish contribution shaping displaying these inline with own priorities usages must be acknowledged too. For example, all combine history topography. readers, desired imitation practice was not copying any particular text or rote, but deeper form participation that involved construction an image Rome across whole manuscript. The given responded institutional personal needs animating compel us imagine diverse reading within without performance.&#x0D; Keywords: pontificals, topography, Ordines, manuscripts, Carolingians.&#x0D; On cover:Monks singing Office decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: olivetan Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book Manuscript Library, Yale University.
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