Archaeometric Provenance Constraints for Early Medieval Sparse Glazed Pottery from Donoratico (Livorno, Italy)
Cristina Fornacelli|A. Briano|Laura Chiarantini|Giovanna Bianchi|Marco Benvenuti|Marco Giamello|Jong-Ho Kang|Igor M. Villa|F. Talarico|R. Hodges
The study of a huge repertory sparse glazed ware from Donoratico (Livorno, Italy) dated back to the ninth century was carried out investigate production technology via petrographic, chemical, and isotopic investigations. mineralogical chemical evidence suggested application lead oxide flux an unfired non‐calcareous ceramic body, in accordance with late Antique early‐Medieval traditions. investigation glazes also different sources for PbO, which frequently applied as mix metal batches. Pb record identified Southern Tuscany districts (Campiglia Marittima Colline Metallifere) source controlled by Carolingian kings northern Central Europe (either Aquitaine or Middle German ore districts) most reliable sources. SEM‐EDS showed presence tin impurities form secondary cassiterite agglomerates obtained use local lead. veins sulphide deposits considered main cause glazing mixture and, thus, important marker exploitation
Archaeometry