Art and architecture
Lawrence Nees
The eighth and ninth centuries were a formative period for medieval art. Court patronage was scarcely new to this period, but its focus character had shifted with the decline of cities. expanded role given images during seventh early led in Byzantine world sharp reaction known as Iconoclasm, ironically gave force definition religious images. An important example forms interpretations traditional iconography is image Crucifixion. study western European church architecture has been dominated past half-century by Richard Krautheimer's great article treating 'the Carolingian revival Christian architecture'. Sculpture ivory rock crystal associated Francia other major medium what may be thought context sculptural art, various kinds metalworking, widely employed across Europe.
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