The Cross Goes North: Carolingian Times between Rhine and Elbe
Michael Müller-Wille
The region between the Central/Lower Rhine, Main, Saale/Elbe and coastal zones of North Sea Baltic was mainly Christianised during phase northern expansion Carolingian Empire in eighth ninth centuries. At end first part centuries many bishoprics were founded Rhine Elbe, such as Münster, Paderborn, Osnabrück, Minden, Hildesheim, Halberstadt, Bremen, Verden Hamburg. During tenth centuries, Mediterranean custom wearing cross-shaped brooches can be widely observed on this periphery empire. type distribution these brooches, reviewed paper, gives an indication direction timing process conversion.