Post-Mongol States and Early Modern Chronology in Iran and China
Pamela Kyle Crossley|Gene R. Garthwaite
Abstract In the aftermath of Mongol occupations largest and most populous societies Eurasia, greater visibility popular religion, more widespread vernacular language use, rising literacy, fundamental shifts in structure rulership relationship state society could all be observed. Many historians have related these changes to a broader chronology early modernity. This has been problematic case Iran, whose eighteenth-century passage not adequately explored recent scholarship. Our comparative review ‘post-Mongol’ Iran China suggests that this period marks as meaningful break between schematic medieval modern history it does China. Here, we first consider both post-Mongol empires with secular rulerships increasingly cultural trends, look at role what Crossley called “simultaneous rulership”—rulership which codes legitimacy civilisations recognised by conquest authority are given distinct representation — marking transition away from religious-endorsed rule self-legitimating mark
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society