Tamdrup – Kongsgård og mindekirke i nyt lys
Lars Pagh
TamdrupRoyal residence and memorial church in a new light&#x0D; Tamdrup has been shrouded degree of mystery recent times. The solitary located on moraine hill west Horsens is visible from afar attracted attention for centuries. On the face it, it resembles an ordinary parish church, but closer examination found to be unusually large, entering one discovers that hidden beneath roof three-aisled construction, which originally was Romanesque basilica. Why such large built this particular place? What were prevailing circumstances Early Middle Ages when foundation stone laid?&#x0D; addressed discussed before. In 1980s 1990s, archaeological excavations carried out revealed traces magnate’s farm or royal Late Viking Age field (fig. 4), 1991, book – Kirke og gård published.&#x0D; Now, by way metal-detector finds, information added. These finds provide several answers, also give rise questions problems. years, considerable number metal recovered detector at have submitted Museum. Since 2012, 207 artefacts recorded, primarily coins, brooches, weights fittings as harness, dating Ages. Further these, coin hoard time Svein Estridson excavated 2013.&#x0D; museum processed recorded passed treasure trove evaluation. As resources not available more detailed assessment artefacts, 2014 formulated research project received funding Danish Agency Culture, enabling examined greater depth.&#x0D; aim study excavation findings, partly through analysis total assemblage, digitalisation earlier plans so these could compared with each other data. This intended lead analysis, interpretations new, overall evaluation Tamdrup’s function, role significance Ages.Old interpretationsIn 1983, eastern part field, trial trench laid running north-south (d). resulted two trenches (a, b) further three being opened up 1984 6). northern trench, longhouse, fence pit-house discovered 8). interpretation longhouse 4) still stands, far we are dealing curved walls. western end house appears unequivocal, there some doubt about its end. An alternative 17.5 m long building 8), easternmost set roof-bearing posts excluded. Instead, another posthole included northernmost post gable east. gives regularly walls, though (4.3 m) narrower than (5.3 m).&#x0D; North (a) containing (c) out, revealing features. Similarly, features middle (e). A pit c contain both fragment bit branch bronze key. There neither nor permit areas 1984, seems very likely houses here 9). Here potential site possible main dwelling hall.&#x0D; August 1990, basis evaluation, (h) 7). Here, buildings, lay parallel other, oriented east-west. interpreted small auxiliary buildings associated same excavation. 4 wide southern 5.5 m. Both considered c. 7 open gable. had internal posts.&#x0D; 1990 represented art possible, no great available. Aerial photos show back-filled completed. Today, comprehensive understanding thanks digitalised plans. becomes apparent postholes during belong southernmost unfortunately relocated actual postholes, accordingly, did form interpretation, assumed length 10). When included, ground plan emerges can remains Trelleborg 11). original constitutes characteristic house, while remainder south wall trench. Part north apparently missing, rest convincing missing must attributed poor conditions preservation observation. northeastern uncovered, means say certainty whether 19 25 length, minus buttress undertaken Age. It presumed stood furthest toft farm’s best-case scenario should sought area between buildings. Six north-south-oriented therefore (figs. 6, 13 o, p, q, r, s t). results were, according report, disappointing: No trace Harold Bluetooth’s hall. concluded structures linked together larger entity farm.&#x0D; After now overview previously 13). clear remarkable concentration central parts (q, r) second (p) fourth (s) west, well (s, would definitely recommended if corresponding intensity encountered today (anno 2016).&#x0D; Now all digitalised, obvious look 1991 together. Although account taken uncertainties digitalisation, nevertheless confirms picture high density structures, especially trenches. collective investigations strong indications settlement possibility represent constitute house. confirm residence, even subject uncertainty absence excavations. archaeologists disappointed following modern technology able rather encouraging. presence residence.&#x0D; FindsThe perception gained completely dimension first arrived Museum autumn 2011. With time, submitted, considerations function locality subjected revision. was, course, common knowledge, awareness investigations. many removed any while, giving cause attribute yet functions site. Was trading place conjunction farm? And active assumed?&#x0D; comprise 52 coins (whole, hack fragments), 34 (harness, belt etc.), 28 brooches (enamelled disc Urnes fibulas bird brooches), 21 weights, 15 pieces silver (bars, casting dead heads), 12 figures (pendants, horses), nine distaff whorls, eight keys, four amulets, bars, fragments folding scales most spectacular gold ring seal ring. terms, assigned Ages.&#x0D; largest artefact group consists either whole fragments. To added hoard, 2013 12) minted under Estridson. non-hoard comprise: 15, 16), five Otto-Adelheid, Arabic dirhams, Sancta Colonia, Canute Great, Edward Confessor, Theodorich II, Heinrich Rand pfennig, Roman denarius (with drilled hole) unidentified appear however German others Danish/Anglo-Saxon. Most single date late 10th early 11th centuries.&#x0D; next-largest category fittings, items. does, however, cover broad diversity dominant types belt/strap various kinds horse harness 17-24). total, ten thought harness. addition example 1984. majority curb bits, headgear stirrups.&#x0D; One particularly expressive figure Tamdrup: strap fitting stirrup, formed depicting 20). fixed stirrup point where sides meet. Individual known hundred England stylistically Anglo-Scandinavian. dated century Williams’ Class B, Type 4, East Anglian type mount.&#x0D; special brooches/fibulas, enamel conspicuous among Tamdrup. Of examples, 11 brooches. unusual brooch probably Denmark 24). Its size alone (5.1 cm diameter) unusual. centre raised relative rim furnished pattern detached figures. alternating sail-shaped triangles base line forms crown-like motifs defines cruciform shape. Between crowns suggestions pits filled enamel.&#x0D; Parallels Europe, approaches closest Komjatice Slovakia, grave 25). less identical crown motif, elements quite same, similarity striking. half century.&#x0D; well-known Carolingian Ottonian circular cross-motif 26a), stellate casing 26b), stepped fibula square casings disc-shaped brooches.&#x0D; examples identified animal Nine bronze, silver. birds dragons Nordic styles Age, Ringerike styles, simpler, naturalistic Accordingly, 12th shapes spherical, bipolar disc-shaped, conical, facetted ways. Rather lead, including couple iron core mantle (so-called ørtug weights), exploded mantle. spheres 28) ornamentation base. Weights trade, important weigh agreed amount used workshops, crucial specific cast order achieve correct proportions different metals alloy.&#x0D; Eight keys found, broadly 29). fragmentarily preserved relatively simple seen caskets chests. Keys became widespread course Many good bronze. Nevertheless, impressive.&#x0D; will briefly mentioned whorls. places exceptionally excavations, often fired clay, whorls commonly detector. Tamdrup, lead. &#x0D; finest absolutely prestigious ring, 60 southwest 1. 2 mm wide, thin band, surrounded casings. sits red stone, presumably garnet, mounted rings. circle around small, mounts, six preserved. stones alternate spheres. edges mounts fine cable ornamentation. uncertain ascribed diagnostic value. description, Ages/Renaissance, reminiscent magnificent Østergård, 1050.&#x0D; Two four-legged animals, horses, Slav pre-Christian, symbolic function. Common them elongated body, neck short legs.&#x0D; Finally, mention made amulets. where, strip text written runes Latin characters. Typically, Christian invocations protect wearer. amulets folded do take much space. They (1100-1400) dealt detail here.&#x0D; tell usWhat us? help frame site, they us something what there, indication social classes/strata represented, and, finally, insight into foreign contacts existed, influences people networks of.&#x0D; period 900-1000, whole. slight tendency evenly distributed across those century, tend concentrated part.&#x0D; tangible activities, especially, Others practical are, upper echelons society. material latter include brooches/fibulas pendants groups higher strata society access.&#x0D; Some suggest links England. stirrup-strap Anglo-Scandinavian style parallels English record. hand, towards Germany. beginning occurrence Otto-Adelheid pennies necessarily direct connection. From dominate, Danish. Other indicate Europe enamelled Carolingian-Ottonian style.&#x0D; objects trade. again, silver, reliable indicators least their consideration.&#x0D; light can, conclusion, stated inhabited status. inspiration international network. support ConclusionTamdrup landscape, withdrawn coast, quick easy access Fjord. approached fjord via Nørrestrand river Hansted Å route, Bygholm route 33). loca­tion atypical At sites directly coast heads fjords, urbanisation materialised establishment market towns, king’s residences accessible boat ship. central, regional hubs markers land sea.&#x0D; imagine status centuries, king wooden there. importance, culminating construction basilica commemorate Christianisation Denmark. lost monarchy shortly after completed, fit King Niels, last Estridson’s sons, killed 1134, family taking over power. flourished town importance Crown Grathe Valdemar Great element local topography functioned landing place, perhaps seasonal trading. term, came strongest, highest AD 900 1100.Lars PaghHorsens
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