Carolingians at the Doorsteps? The Maturing Limited Access Order of Early Medieval Europe
Andrew T. Young
North et al. (2009) argue that accounting for different development outcomes requires understanding how societies manage violence. Almost all have been limited-access orders where elites constrain violence to preserve their rents. Alternatively, in open-access is constrained by a government characterized widespread political participation. Open-access were the first cases of sustained economic development; almost them Western European or offshoots. Understanding why important. elaborate on three necessary conditions achieving open access: (1) rule law elites, (2) support perpetually- lived organizations, and (3) centralization consolidation These constitute an order. I significant progress towards this doorstep was affected Carolingians early medieval era. emphasize large-scale distributions confiscated/conquered lands vassals, cultivation bonds with Church, regularization assemblies. The introduced governance innovations impersonalized relationships between encouraged enforcement under law.
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