Tributary World-Ecologies, Part I
Çağrı İdiman
This essay, in two parts, argues for the centrality of world-ecology perspective theorizing relations, dynamics, and crises High Medieval Worlds. Commercialization Theorists view Middle Ages as a period early capitalism, while classical Marxist theorists conceive it continuation feudalism. In contrast to both conceptions, I argue that this era can instead be evaluated on its own terms from perspective. Part I, develop interrelated historical-geographical theoretical arguments. By employing comparative world-historical methodology, first distinct world-ecologies emerged North Sea Mediterranean during Ages. Second, define not only commercial but also production is, mode appropriation nature labor. Next, focus common characteristics tributary world-ecologies. These were distinguished by agrarian two-tiered networks, multiple state-system. they expanded due unique bundling climatological upturn, novel technological organizational innovations. conclude analyzing world-ecology, which has typically served model Classical perspectives. While there is no question perspectives have their merits, seems more fruitful explain relations dynamics world mutual-conditioning nature, production, commerce. useful theorize relation larger worlds, characteristic
Journal of World-Systems Research