The Dawn of Nationalism in Europe
Halvdan Koht
THAT nationalism cannot exist without nations is self-evident. Historically, it means that the conditions of in Europe were present only with establishment separate after dissolution Roman Empire. In seeking, however, for first signs within so established, we should not feel bound by modern conceptions what means. Like other ideological political terms, has gone through many changes course historical development, perhaps even more than others because just as much a psychological term. fact, primitive contains elements which have disappeared or are disappearing from character nationalism. Within kingdoms founded on ruins Empire, traditions too strong to allow national separatism dominate ideas new leaders. Christianity, too, counteracted such development. this regard, analysis tends confirm view Henri Pirenne according definite breach between ancient and medieval civilization did occur until Carolingian times. Indeed, collapse Empire lasting favorable growth nationalistic finally created. From ninth century onward, organized itself into later form bases life. Natural, though surprising at early date, was conclusion drawn about 830, Frankish historian, Frechulf, bishop Lisieux. Abandoning almoMst sacred conception continuous existence boldly asserted territory constituted beginning era history.' The ecclesiastical author recalled hope St. Augustine might be replaced world small states only,2 now he thought dream realized.
The American Historical Review