Teutsind, Witlaic and the history of Merovingian <i>precaria</i>
Ian Wood
The history of the transfer power from Merovingians to Carolingians has been seen in part as a land. supposedly alienated much their property, including such favoured villas Clichy, while Pippinid ancestors built landed power-base which expand authority over whole Francia. This powerbase was increased dramatically by Charles Martel's seizure land, largely church, and its alienation, whether grants property or precaria, that is effectively usufruct, his followers.
Cambridge University Press eBooks