Fontenoy and the Justification of Battle-Seeking Strategy in the Ninth Century
Christopher Flynn
Abstract The Carolingian civil war of 840‐843 is often defined by two major events, the indecisive but costly Battle Fontenoy (841) and Treaty Verdun (843), which ended conflict. nachleben has been subject painstaking scrutiny in context formation new polities out formerly unified Empire. Arguably, however, may have impacted minds contemporaries even more than Verdun, because division kingdoms among royal sons was traditional Frankish practice. present study examines effect upon campaign strategies through an analysis ways kings, authors, churchmen justified battle-seeking or battle-avoidance strategies. investigates four conflicts: its aftermath; invasion Charles Bald’s kingdom Louis German 858; Lothar II’s erstwhile middle Bald after death 869; Andernach 876.
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