Magic and Disbelief in Carolingian Lyon
Michael D. Bailey
The Middle Ages are often associated with credulity, especially toward magic, compared to modern Western society, which is regarded as thoroughly disenchanted. Yet not all medieval people believed unhesitatingly in magical practices. early ninth-century Carolingian archbishop Agobard of Lyon described a remarkable system weather-magic widely by his diocese he was completely skeptical. He justified disbelief through references biblical texts, but this study argues that grounded own encounters and investigations these practices, focused only on certain elements within them.