Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14<sup>th</sup> century
Shamam Waldman|Daniel Backenroth|Éadaoin Harney|Stefan Flohr|Nadia C. Neff|Gina Buckley|Hila Fridman|Ali Akbari|Nadin Rohland|Swapan Mallick|Jorge Cano Nistal|Jin Yu|Nir Barzilai|Inga Peter|Gil Atzmon|Harry Ostrer|Todd Lencz|Yosef E. Maruvka|Maike Lämmerhirt|Leonard Victor Rutgers|Virginie Renson|Keith M. Prufer|Stephan Schiffels|Harald Ringbauer|Karin Sczech|Shai Carmi|David Reich
Abstract We report genome-wide data for 33 Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), dated to the 14 th century, following a salvage excavation at medieval Jewish cemetery of Erfurt, Germany. The Erfurt individuals are genetically similar modern AJ and have substantial Southern European ancestry, but they show more variability in Eastern European-related ancestry than AJ. A third carried same nearly-AJ-specific mitochondrial haplogroup eight pathogenic variants known affect today. These observations, together with high levels runs homozygosity, suggest that community had already experienced major reduction size affected However, bottleneck was severe, implying substructure Together, our results founder event acquisition main sources pre-dated century highlight late genetic heterogeneity no longer present
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)|Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country)|Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)