Was There a Carolingian Italy?
François Bougard
That the kingdom of Italy was ‘Carolingian’ obvious to everyone in ninth century. Political integration achieved. By 810s, one generation after conquest, ruling counts were Franks, Alemans, Bavarians. With Louis II, had a king physically present from 840, and 850 an emperor totally devoted kingdom. Legislation, justice, ecclesiastical reforms going same direction on both sides Alps. contrast, area culture illustrates limits integration. Of 7,650 manuscripts attributed century summarily catalogued by Bernhard Bischoff, not even ten copied peninsula. Was need for books less urgent here than north? The type intellectual production also different. genres considered as ‘typically’ Carolingian – exegetical commentaries, mirrors princes, theological doctrinal treatises these are decidedly work Italy, or Italians. Not only producing much, but it very receptive what elsewhere. It seems be because strong secular stamp, which distinguished that others.
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