Chapter Five. Contestation, Co-Operation, Coercion, And Resistance
Abigail Firey
Carolingians were well aware of the problematic aspects ritualised confession and penance that had broad application ambiguous form. Penitentialism initiated apparently extensive debate at all levels social political hierarchy, reflection continued for decades?indeed centuries?as implications consequences Carolingian vision penitential correction laity took hold. Fears about potential inappropriate exercise power produced modes defensive resistance, as clergy sought to balance system create a viable means performing reconceptualised roles in prosecution, confession, ministry, recuperation, witnessing, judgement. The use coercion cause salvation was sensitive topic both within outside court circles wake policy using baptism an expression conquest concomitant with Charlemagne?s military suppression resistance on eastern frontier.Keywords: baptism; Carolingians; Penitentialism;
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