Intellectual life
Claudio Leonardi
Intellectual life in this period is often given labels which relate to other politico-cultural events and phenomena: the post-Carolingian or pre-Gregorian age. The Carolingian renaissance largely ended Germanic oral tradition popular culture, created a need for written culture based on manuscripts. At end of century Æthelwold's pupil Ælfric, who became abbot Eynsham, represented highest pinnacle Benedictine reform Anglo-Saxon literature. During schools intellectual ran parallel paths, were equated with culture; even imperial under Charlemagne was conceived as school. centre Europe still lay France, Burgundy Lotharingia, where had developed most fully. This chapter referres number hagiographies shows what might be termed missionary writings from eastern frontier Christianity. production during whole notably historiographic.
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