“PER CLERUM ET POPULUM”? LEGAL TERMINOLOGY AND EPISCOPAL APPOINTMENTS IN DENMARK 1059–1225
Anna Minara Ciardi
The phrase per clerum et populum (“by clergy and people”) was traditionally used to describe how the election of a bishop had been or should be undertaken. Over course twelfth century this changed. Ecclesiastical legislation step by revised codified. aim reformers safeguard autonomy Church reduce lay influence. purposes article are, first, examine legal terminology in context episcopal appointments from 1059 1215, with special reference formula role cathedral chapters as electoral bodies; second, were actually undertaken what kingdom Denmark until circa 1225; and, third, share some ideas about development canon law “cathedral culture.” My conclusions that mode gradually replaced eventually became invalid, parallel where “proper” body; monastic ideals ecclesiastical freedom prompted are evident normative texts already first quarter century; finally, developments strongly contributed formation capitular institutions specific culture, which rooted monasticism but also differed it, not least regard its functions.
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