Monasticism and Asceticism
John A. McGuckin
Abstract The term “monasticism” derives from the Greek word signifying “aloneness.” Originally it denoted a Christian who dedicated him or herself to withdrawal and radical simplicity, seeking life lived as celibate centered on prayer. “asceticism” for physical exercise, describes sense, much witnessed within early monastic movement, that achievement of celibacy prayerful focus were matters great struggle, requiring mental discipline comparable undertaken by ancient athletes. Monasticism is, therefore, particular (Christian) form Askesis. ascetical lifestyle was present beforehand (not least in aspects Apocalyptic movement's “resistance” world powers, extensively among Hellenistic philosophical circles) but came precise recognizable shape church 3rd century, taking more explicit forms 4th, afterward enduring central part until present, especially eastern world; although Reformation diminished impact monasticism modern recent west. Even so, allowing Christianity's less wholesale repudiation values, monasticism's influence formation west is monumentally important.
The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization