Recent archaeological research on fortifications in France, Belgium and Switzerland, 750–1000
Luc Bourgeois
The recent increase in research on Carolingian fortifications has revealed the importance of legacy Roman architecture, which remains a model until end first millennium. However, ninth century was marked by emergence new categories fortified sites – bridges and monasteries. tenth corresponds to forms that quickly led development classic medieval castle. genesis motte, dungeon stone walls must now be situated at this time. Between continuity with old experiences, period saw an increasingly strong integration functions defence, power residence elites, were previously often located different places.
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