The State of the Question Regarding Early Medieval Fortress Construction in Southern Germany
Peter Ettel
Early medieval fortresses and fortifications in southern Germany, consequently both within the Frankish region influenced by Franks, usually filled more than one function. Indeed, even large-scale fortifications, which sometimes are denoted simply as refuges (Germ. Fluchtburgen) often can be identified multi-functional. Fortresses were a central tool of rule for kings, church, high nobility beginning seventh century, then especially again during tenth century. This was equally true context development territorial lordships, assarting new lands, long-settled areas on frontier, from century onwards, went hand with types fortifications. In addition, also served symbols power. The certainly always had part to play these developments, decisive role. Thus, rather “dark century,” saw flowering construction multifunctional, multi-dimensional, differentiated been at any other period early Middle Ages.
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