static int filter_frame(AVFilterLink *inlink, AVFrame *frame)
{
    AVFilterContext *ctx = inlink->dst;
    const AVPixFmtDescriptor *desc = av_pix_fmt_desc_get(inlink->format);
    uint32_t plane_checksum[4] = {0}, checksum = 0;
    int i, plane, vsub = desc->log2_chroma_h;

    for (plane = 0; plane < 4 && frame->data[plane] && frame->linesize[plane]; plane++) {
        int64_t linesize = av_image_get_linesize(frame->format, frame->width, plane);
        uint8_t *data = frame->data[plane];
        int h = plane == 1 || plane == 2 ? FF_CEIL_RSHIFT(inlink->h, vsub) : inlink->h;

        if (linesize < 0)
            return linesize;

        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            plane_checksum[plane] = av_adler32_update(plane_checksum[plane], data, linesize);
            checksum = av_adler32_update(checksum, data, linesize);
            data += frame->linesize[plane];
        }
    }

    av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO,
           "n:%"PRId64" pts:%s pts_time:%s pos:%"PRId64" "
           "fmt:%s sar:%d/%d s:%dx%d i:%c iskey:%d type:%c "
           "checksum:%08X plane_checksum:[%08X",
           inlink->frame_count,
           av_ts2str(frame->pts), av_ts2timestr(frame->pts, &inlink->time_base), av_frame_get_pkt_pos(frame),
           desc->name,
           frame->sample_aspect_ratio.num, frame->sample_aspect_ratio.den,
           frame->width, frame->height,
           !frame->interlaced_frame ? 'P' :         /* Progressive  */
           frame->top_field_first   ? 'T' : 'B',    /* Top / Bottom */
           frame->key_frame,
           av_get_picture_type_char(frame->pict_type),
           checksum, plane_checksum[0]);

    for (plane = 1; plane < 4 && frame->data[plane] && frame->linesize[plane]; plane++)
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, " %08X", plane_checksum[plane]);
    av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "]\n");

    return ff_filter_frame(inlink->dst->outputs[0], frame);
}
The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.