PMC8170253_01
The clinical course of the patient. Medications for the treatment of UC and diabetes, HbA1c (open circle) and fasted glucose (closed square) were indicated. PSL: prednisolone, GBS: glargine biosimilar
1349-7235-60-1433-g001.jpg
PMC8170253_01_1349-7235-60-1433-g001.jpg
g001
Intensive insulin therapy [lispro (6, 6, 6) with glargine biosimilar (0, 0, 0, 8)] was therefore implemented, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1). The entire clinical course is shown in Fig. 1.
The duodenal expression of GLP-1 and GIP. Frozen sections of duodenal samples from the patient (A, C) and age-matched non-diabetic control subjects (B, D) were fluorescent-immunohistochemically stained for GLP-1 (A, B) or GIP (C, D) with DAPI. The yellow horizontal bar indicates 50 mum in length.
1349-7235-60-1433-g002.jpg
PMC8170253_01_1349-7235-60-1433-g002.jpg
g002
GLP-1 expression (shown in red; Fig. 2A, B) indicated that GLP-1-positive cells were sparse in the patient but partially positive in the control subjects' duodenum. GIP immunoreactivity (green) in the patient was positive in small populations but more so in the controls (Fig. 2C, D).
The density (cells/mm2) of GLP-1- or GIP-positive cells (A, B). The numbers of GLP-1- or GIP-positive cells (A, B) were quantified using immunohistochemically stained samples. At least 10 different visual fields were independently quantified. Fasted active GLP-1 or GIP concentration (C, D). Fasted blood samples were isolated from the patient and age-matched non-diabetic control subjects using the BD P800 Blood Collection System. Active GLP-1 or GIP (C, D) was measured using corresponding ELISA kits.
1349-7235-60-1433-g003.jpg
PMC8170253_01_1349-7235-60-1433-g003.jpg
g003
The quantitative analysis of the density of GLP-1- or GIP-positive cells showed that such cells were rarer in the patient than in the controls (Fig. 3A, B). The fasted serum active GLP-1 level was 5.80 pmol/L in the patient and 29.05+-10.34 pmol/L (n=5) in the controls (Fig. 3C), while the GIP level was 2.52 pmol/L in the patient and 7.61+-3.29 pmol/L in the controls (Fig. 3D).