PMC4063517_01
Electrocardiography study at admission (pace rhythm)
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Hospital, a referral medical care unit for cardiac electrophysio-logical study) with cardiac shock due to complete heart block [Echocardiography (ECG) findings: pace rhythm (Figure 1)]. He had a history of
Echocardiography findings at admission
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AV block (ventricular rate: 30, atrial rate: 60) 3 months prior to referral and he had undergone dual-Chamber permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. At echocardiography, which is shown in figure 2, he had severe left ventricular enlargement, less than 30% ejection fraction, normal right ventricular size with mild dysfunction, mild to moderate mitral valve regurgitation (2+), thick and calcified bicuspid AV with invasion to interventricular septum (with area of 1.4*1 cm), moderate to severe AI, severe AS, and dilated ascending aorta (aneurysm = 5 mm).