PMC3971947_01
Clinical course after admission.. Note: Figures next to each drug mean maximal dose.. Abbreviations: BPD, biperiden; FNP, flunitrazepam; HVA, homovanillic acid; Li, lithium carbonate; LZP, lorazepam; MADRS, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MHPG, 3-methoxy-4hydroxyphenylglycol; NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy; OLZ, olanzapine; PAX, paroxetine; RIS, risperidone; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; ZPC, zopiclone; ZTP, zotepine.
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The clinical course after admission is summarized in Figure 1.
Waveforms of oxygenated hemoglobin.. Notes: (A) Waveforms of oxygenated hemoglobin during the cognitive activation of the word fluency task. (B) Grand average waveforms of oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal region (CH 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, and 49).
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Figure 2 shows the waveform of [oxyHb] during the cognitive activation of the word fluency task. On day 4, the centroid value of the grand average in the central region was 68.6 seconds (Figure 2), and the NIRS waveforms showed an [oxyHb] reincrease in the posttask period (CH 34, 35, 36, 39, 45, 46, 47, and 49; Figure 2), which is characteristic of schizophrenia. On day 77, the NIRS waveforms turned to a negative pattern (Figure 2), which was defined by an integral value of the grand average in the central region <0, whereas there were [oxyHb] reincreases in the posttask period (CH 33, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, and 52).
Regions of the near-infrared spectroscopy signals.. Notes: The location of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements were anatomically labeled in the standard brain space. Reprinted from NeuroImage, Volume 85, Takizawa R, Fukuda M, Kawasaki S, et al; Joint Project for Psychiatric Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (JPSY-NIRS) Group. Neuroimaging-aided differential diagnosis of the depressive state, pages 498-507, Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier.
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We defined the patterns of NIRS waveforms using the grand average waveforms in the frontal region (CH 25-28, CH 36-38, and CH 46-49; Figure 3) and two simple visual indices, integral value, and centroid value.