PMC10406238_01
A depiction of the spinal cord stimulation (SCS) parameters that were optimized for the patient's treatment. The left column depicts the settings used for the first 9 months. The right column shows the parameters used in the next 3 months leading to the 12-month follow-up. Within each column are alternative settings. To deliver its analgesic effect, the spinal cord stimulator cycled between settings 1-4 within the respective column. Though the parameters were increased to improve the patient's therapeutic relief, no other intervention was provided at this time.
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T8 and T9 vertebral bodies, in addition to a left flank incision to implant the rechargeable pulse generator. The device was programmed using the Differential Target Multiplexed paradigm (Figure 1).
Schematic overview of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) processing modules and subsequent computational analysis for anatomical data. Initially, DWI data was preprocessed to correct for eddy current and motion artifacts. Next, tensors were estimated resulting in 4 quantitative maps including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). Finally, ROIs from the AAL atlas were registered to the diffusion space and the differences in the aforementioned maps between the 2 timepoints were reported per each ROIs. The representative output of this module is shown as a heatmap (right side) where the main variables of interest across pain-related ROIs are depicted by color. DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; FA, fractional anisotropy; MD, mean diffusivity; RD, radial diffusivity; AD, axial diffusivity; FOD, fiber orientation distribution; AAL, automated anatomical labeling. NeuroMatrix ROIs are described in the Appendix.
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This led to the generation of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) maps including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) (Figure 2).