PMC5508621_01
Preoperative radiographs of Case 1 showed a severe valgus deformity of left knee joint, with a hip-knee-ankle angle of 134  (46  valgus).
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Preoperative radiographs showed severe valgus deformity, with a hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle of 134  (46  valgus), and chronic patellar fracture of which she was unaware (Fig. 1).
In postoperative radiographs of Case 1, a hip-knee-ankle angle had improved to 184  (4  varus) by revision total knee arthroplasty with a hinged prosthesis.
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Two years after the surgeries, her HKA angle, KSS and FS improved to 184  (4  varus), 59 points, and 25 points, respectively, although her ROM had not improved (from -20  in extension to 90  in flexion) (Fig. 2).
PMC5508621_02
Preoperative radiographs of Case 2 showed a valgus deformity, with a hip-knee-ankle angle of 155  (25  valgus).
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Preoperative radiographs showed valgus deformity, with an HKA angle of 155  (25  valgus) (Fig. 3).
In postoperative radiographs of Case 2, a hip-knee-ankle angle had improved to 179  (1  valgus) by revision total knee arthroplasty with a constrained condylar knee prosthesis.
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PMC5508621_02_gr4.jpg
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Two years after the surgeries, her HKA angle, ROM, KSS and FS improved to 179  (1  valgus), from 0  in extension to 125  in flexion, 100 points, and 90 points, respectively (Fig. 4).