PMC3103838_01
Insertion sites for the open approach midline subumbilical placement of the primary 10 mm optical port (1), 5 mm retractor port, (2) and the two 5 mm instrument ports (3, 4).
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fig1
A 5 mm port was inserted under visualization in the left caudoventral abdomen (Figure 1).
(a) Positioning of the reindeer in dorsolateral oblique recumbency. (b) Open approach midline subumbilical placement of the primary optical port and 5 mm instrument ports in left caudal quadrant.
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fig2
After initial retraction of the rumen, bladder, and intestines with a 5 mm flexible retractor (Diamond flex, Surgical Innovations; Figure 2), the left spermatic cord and vessels were visualised entering the internal inguinal ring.
Careful retraction of the cryptorchid testicle from the internal inguinal ring with 5 mm diameter 43 cm length atraumatic forceps.
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fig3
A small 2 cm testicle was carefully retracted with two 43 cm length 5 mm diameter atraumatic laparoscopic forceps (Logic, Surgical Innovations; Figure 3), and the gubernaculum testis broken down.
Grasping the retrieved cryptorchid testis for removal and external ligation via an enlarged 5 mm port site incision.
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fig4
The testicle was externalised through one of the caudoventral port incisions (Figure 4), which was enlarged to 1 cm, and the spermatic cord and vessels ligated with 3 metric poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl, Ethicon).