PMC6224049_01
Patient-specific closed-loop model used to simulate pulsatile hemodynamics coupling lumped parameter networks (LPN, 0D) and image-based (3D) vascular models.. The model includes: LV (0D), aorta, coronary arteries and major branches (3D), medium and small systemic arteries (0D), arterioles (0D), venules (0D), veins (0D), right atrium (0D), RV (0D), pulmonary arteries up to second generation branching (3D), small pulmonary arteries (0D), arterioles (0D), venules (0D), veins (0D) and left atrium (0D). Pv represents the node where the broadcasted intraventricular pressure was transmitted as described by Arthurs et al (2013). Details of the parameters used for each component can be found in the Technical Note in S1 File.
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The CRIMSON custom software (CardiovasculaR Integrated Modeling and SimulatiON; http://www.crimson.software/) was used to segment the aorta and main branches, including the coronaries, and the central pulmonary arteries, using a semi-automatic segmentation method to produce an analytical representation of the vessels (Fig 1) from the diastolic phase of the 3D-Steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence. Expanding on previous developments by our group, we have designed a closed-loop coupled-multidomain (3D-0D) model consisting of image-based portions of the pulmonary and systemic circulations (where image data was available), and LPN (0D) models of the heart chambers and the arterial and venous distal circulations (see Fig 1).