PMC6550175_01
The patient record shows a woman with metastatic breast cancer with malignant pleural effusions and empyema. The patient timeline at the top of the figure contains circles for every time-step for which at least a single token exists for the patient, and the horizontal lines show the data type. There is a close-up view of the most recent data points immediately preceding a prediction made 24 h after admission. We trained models for each data type and highlighted in red the tokens which the models attended to:the non-highlighted text was not attended to but is shown for context. The models pick up features in the medications, nursing flowsheets, and clinical notes relevant to the prediction
41746_2018_29_Fig3_HTML.jpg
PMC6550175_01_41746_2018_29_Fig3_HTML.jpg
Fig3
Fig. 3, we illustrate an example of attribution methods on a specific prediction of inpatient mortality made at 24 h after admission. For this patient, the deep learning model predicted the risk of death of 19.9% and the aEWS model predicted 9.3%, and the patient ultimately died 10 days after admission. Fig. 3 highlights the elements to which the model attends, with a close-up view of the first 24 h of the most recent hospitalization. From all the data, the models picked the elements that are highlighted in Fig. 3: evidence of malignant pleural effusions and empyema from notes, antibiotics administered, and nursing documentation of a high risk of pressure ulcers (i.e., Braden index). In contrast, the top predictors for the baseline model (not shown in Fig. 3) were the values of the albumin, blood-urea-nitrogen, pulse, and white blood cell count.