PMC6592670_01
All-cause mortality (%) in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease depending on smoking (A), diabetes mellitus (B), gender (C) and age (D)
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Taking into account the evaluation of all mortality causes, depending on risk factors, in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease, we observed a higher mortality in the smoking group compared to the nonsmoking group (HR log=1.58, 95% CI ratio 0.4920 to 4.827 for active smoking, and HR log=0.6327, 95% CI ratio 0.2071 to 2.032 for nonsmoking, p=0.4682) as it can be seen in Fig.3A. Also, higher morality was recorded in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without diabetes (HR logrank=7.833, 95% CI ratio 2.114 to 17.51 for patients with diabetes mellitus, and HR logrank=0.1277, 95% CI ratio 0.05712 to 0.4730 for patients without diabetes, p=0.0011) (Fig.3B), in the male group compared to the female group (HR log=8.289, 95% CI ratio 2.246 to 16.06 for the male group, and HR log=0.1206, 95% CI ratio 0.06228 to 0.4453 for the female group, p =0.0005) (Fig.3C), but also in 65 years old patients or older compared to the patients aged less than 65 years (HR logrank=2.419, 95% CI ratio 0.8086 to 7.123 for age>=65 years group, and HR log=0.4134, 95% CI ratio 0.1404 to 1.237 for age <65 years group, p=0.1218) (Fig.3D).
PMC6592670_02
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (%) in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease depending on smoking (A), diabetes mellitus (B), gender (C) and age (D)
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Analyzing the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for three years, in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease, we observed a decrease in LVEF in active smoking group compared to nonsmoking group (HR log=1.539, 95% CI ratio 0.7263 to 3.289 for active smoking, and HR log=0.6496, 95% CI ratio 0.3040 to 1.377 for nonsmoking, p=0.2838) as it can be seen in Fig.4A. Also, a significant decrease in LVEF was recorded in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus compared to the group without diabetes (HR logrank=9.139, 95% CI ratio 3.662 to 14.82 for patients with diabetes mellitus, and HR logrank=0.1094, 95% CI ratio 0.06745 to 0.2731 for patients without diabetes, p<0.0001) (Fig. 4B), in the male group compared to the female group (HR log=2.045, 95% CI ratio 1.058 to 4.448 for male group, and HR log=0.4889, 95% CI (Fig. 4C), but also in the 65-year-old patient group compared to patients aged less than 65 years (HR logrank=1.737, 95% CI ratio 0.9394 to 3.607 for age>=65 years group, and HR log=0.5759, 95% CI ratio 0.2772 to 1.064 for age <65 years group, p=0.0933) (Fig. 4D).
Angina pectoris (%) in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease depending on smoking (A), diabetes mellitus (B), gender (C) and age (D)
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In what the occurrence of ischemic heart disease symptomatology manifested by angina pectoris depending on risk factors in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease is concerned, we observed an increase in symptomatology in the smoking group compared to the nonsmoking group (HR logrank=1.94, 95% CI ratio 1.240 to 3.925 for active smoking, and HR log=0.5156, 95% CI ratio 0.2548 to 0.8063 for nonsmoking, p=0.0226) as it can be seen in Fig. 5A. Also, an increased rate of symptomatic patients was recorded in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without diabetes (HR logrank=2.684, 95% CI ratio 2.280 to 6.625 for patients with diabetes mellitus, and HR logrank=0.3726, 95% CI ratio 0.1509 to 0.4385 for patients without diabetes, p<0.0001) (Fig. 5B), in the male group compared to the female group (HR log=1.861, 95% CI ratio 1.390 to 4.055 for the male group, HR log=0.5374, 95 % CI ratio 0.2466 to 0.7195 for the female group,=0.0075) (Fig. 5C), but also in patients older than or equal to 65 years of age compared to patients aged less than 65 years (HR logran=1.355, 95% CI ratio 0.8773 to 2.604 for age >=65 years group, and HR log=0.7378, 95% CI ratio 0.3840 to 1.140 for age <65 years group, p=0.2021) (Fig. 5D).
Nonfatal myocardial infarction (%) in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease depending on smoking (A), diabetes mellitus (B), gender (C) and age (D)
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 Looking at the incidence of the acute nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular coronary artery disease, we observed an increase in the rate of acute nonfatal myocardial infarction in the active smoking group compared to the nonsmoking group (HR log=1.832, 95% CI ratio 0.6961 to 4.492 for active smoking, and HR log=0.5459, 95% CI ratio 0.2226 to 1.437 for nonsmoking, p=0.2496) as it can be seen in Fig. 6A. Also, an increase in the rate of acute nonfatal myocardial infarction was recorded in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without diabetes (HR logrank=7.833, 95% CI ratio 2.732 to 15.35 for patients with diabetes mellitus, and HR logrank=0.1277 , 95% CI ratio 0.06515 to 0.3660 for patients without diabetes, p<0.0001) (Fig. 6B), in the male group compared to the female group (HR log=1.924, 95% CI ratio 0.8567 to 4.770 for male group and HR log=0.5197, 95% CI ratio 0.2097 to 1.167 for female group, p=0.1227) (Fig. 6C), but also in the group of patients aged 65 years or older compared with patients aged less than 65 (HR logrank=2.15, 95% CI ratio 0.9473 to 5.248 for age >=65 years group, and HR log=0.4651, 95% CI ratio 0.1906 to 1.056 for age <65 years group, p=0.0778) (Fig. 6D).
Repeat revascularization (%) in patients treated for left main coronary artery disease depending on smoking (A), diabetes mellitus (B), gender (C) and age (D)
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CABG) in patients with LMCAD depending on the risk factors, we noticed a higher need for revascularization in the smoking group compared to the nonsmoking group (HR logrank=2.155, 95% CI ratio 1.232 to 4.229 for active smoking, and HR logrank=0.464, 95% CI ratio 0.2365 to 0.8117 for nonsmoking, p=0.021) as it can be seen in Fig.7A. Also, a higher need for revascularization was recorded in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without diabetes (HR logrank=3.808, 95% CI ratio 2.822 to 8.946 for patients with diabetes mellitus, and HR logrank=0.2626, 95% CI ratio of 0.1118 to 0.3544 for patients without diabetes, p<0.0001) (Fig. 7B), in the male group compared to the female group (HR log=1.842, 95% CI ratio 1.217 to 3.884 for male group, and HR log=0.5429, 95% CI ratio 0.2575 to 0.8214 for female groups, p=0.0202) (Fig. 7C), but also in patients aged 65 years or older compared with patients aged less than 65 years (HR logrank=1.528, 95% CI ratio 0.9601 to 3.053 for age >=65 years group, and HR log=0.6546, 95% CI ratio 0.3276 to 1.042 for age <65 years group, p=0.107) (Fig. 7D).