PMC9280102_01
M-mode measurement of R-R interval showing 2:1 ventricular to atrial rate with a ventricular rate of 229 bpm (A), and an atrial rate of 108 bpm (B)
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F1
At 32 weeks and 2 days' gestation, fetal echocardiogram showed a heart rate variability between 40-260 bpm with intermittent periods of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) [Figures 1 and 2].
Fetal echocardiogram four-chamber view with pulse Doppler evaluation of tricuspid valve inflow showing e-wave, a-wave, and premature ventricular contraction
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F2
At 32 weeks and 2 days' gestation, fetal echocardiogram showed a heart rate variability between 40-260 bpm with intermittent periods of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) [Figures 1 and 2].
Electrocardiogram following surgical placement of dual-chamber pacemaker showing atrial-ventricular dual paced rhythm at a rate of 120 bpm
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F3
A-V block. A decision was then made to take the patient to the operating room for placement of dual-chamber epicardial pacemaker and bilateral sympathectomy, with resolution of arrhythmia following the procedure [Figure 3].