PMC8263230_01
Posttraumatic (a) clinical and (b) radiographic view showing the absence of the upper right central incisor.
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(a) Clinical and (b) radiographic view of the upper incisor after reimplantation and splint.
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The correct position of the tooth was verified clinically and radiographically, and it was stabilized through a passive flexible splint made by a 0.4 mm diameter metal wire bonded to the tooth and to adjacent teeth (Figure 2).
(a) Clinical and (b) radiographic view of the upper incisor at the 3-year follow-up visit.
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No radiotransparency and no radiographic evidence of root resorption were detected (Figure 3).
(a) Clinical and (b) radiographic view of the upper incisor at the 8-year follow-up visit: tooth infraposition and root resorption are evident.
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Radiographically, there was evidence of ankylosis-related resorption (Figure 4).
PMC8263230_02
Posttraumatic (a) clinical and (b) radiographic view. Gingival tissues around the upper left central incisor are swollen and red, while a horizontal root fraction is detectable from the periapical X-ray.
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Radiographic view of the upper left central incisor after endodontic treatment.
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For this reason, an endodontic treatment of the coronal tooth segment to the fracture line had to be performed (Figure 6).
Surgical view of the upper left central incisor during apicectomy.
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An apicectomy with a retrograde canal obturation was performed in order to remove the symptomatology and obtain a complete healing of the area (Figure 7).
(a) Clinical and (b) radiographic view 4 years after the surgical therapy.
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At the 4-year follow-up visit, clinical and radiographic analysis showed a healed area with a good ossification of the periradicular bone (Figure 8).
PMC8263230_03
TDI frequency based on the type of injury.
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Successively, this was followed by 18% of intrusive luxation, 17% of avulsion, and 15% of complicated crown fracture (Figure 9).
TDI frequency based on the place where injuries occurred.
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TDI frequency based on the cause of injury.
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