PMC6915123_01
Preoperative radiographs show severe tricompartmental left knee osteoarthritis: (a) anteroposterior left knee view and (b) lateral left knee view.
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Preoperative radiographs show severe knee osteoarthritis (Figure 1).
Immediately post knee arthroplasty radiograph: (a) anteroposterior left knee view and (b) lateral left knee view.
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No acute complication was noted, and postsurgery radiographs are shown in Figure 2.
Radiograph seven months after left knee arthroplasty: (a) anteroposterior left knee view and (b) lateral left knee view. No signs of loosening or osteolysis were found.
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Radiographs showed no signs of loosening or osteolysis (Figure 3).
Before and after embolization images. (a) Preembolization image shows an artery "tumor blush" appearance in the lateral and medial genicular arteries, and it is bigger in the medial genicular artery. (b) Postembolization image shows blood flow stasis in the target area and active blood flow in the femoral, popliteal, peroneal, and the anterior and posterior tibial artery.
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fig4
So, angiography was performed (Figure 4), and the patient was readmitted. Angiography post embolization shows stasis of blood flow in the genicular artery and active blood flow in the femoral, popliteal, peroneal, and the anterior and posterior tibial artery (Figure 4).
Selective supramedial genicular artery angiography: (a) before embolization and (b) after embolization.
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Angiography shows hyperemic blush in the medial and lateral genicular arteries associated with arterio-arterial anastomoses, being the hyperemic blush greater in the medial side (Figures 5 and 6).
Selective supralateral genicular artery angiography: (a) before embolization and (b) after embolization.
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Angiography shows hyperemic blush in the medial and lateral genicular arteries associated with arterio-arterial anastomoses, being the hyperemic blush greater in the medial side (Figures 5 and 6).
Left knee radiograph two years after embolization: (a) anterior-posterior left knee view, (b) lateral left knee view, and (c) lower anteroposterior limb view with a red line showing the mechanical axis.
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Radiographs at two-year follow-up are shown in Figure 7.