PMC7098331_01
Imaging series of a 9-year-old male patient who experienced hydrothorax while on CAPD. a An initial chest radiograph showed right pleural effusion. b The pleural effusion resolved, and PD was performed with chest tube still attached. Note the presence of pneumonia. c Chest radiograph immediately prior to CT peritoneography. Chest radiograph shows increased presence of fluid in the right pleural cavity at the 30th min (d) and 180th min (e) (white arrows). f CT peritoneography of the peritoneum surrounded by peritoneal dialysis solution containing contrast media shows increased presence of fluid in the right pleural cavity at the 30th min (g) and 180th min (h) (white arrows), with black arrows indicating the position of the chest tube.
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F1
Chest radiograph revealed right pleural effusion and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (Fig. 1a). After the excessive pleural fluid was completely removed, PD was continued via an installed chest tube (Fig. 1b). Serial examinations at 30 and 180 min after administering the contrast agent showed excessive fluid in the right pleural cavity (Fig. 1c-h).
a VATS shows inflammation in the region following septa removal prior to adhesiolysis. b VATS showed no defects over the diaphragm, and fistula was not seen.
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F2
Instead, adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura with septated appearance were observed (Fig. 2a, b).
a First follow-up chest radiograph after PD suspension and HD initiation showed reduction of pleural effusion. b The 3-year follow-up chest radiograph showed complete resolution of pleural effusion with no recurrence.
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F3
Following this, pleural effusion of the right lung resolved (Fig. 3a), and the patient underwent regular HD for 10 weeks. A 3-year follow-up showed normal PD without any recurrence of hydrothorax (Fig. 3b).