PMC5646315_01
Electroanatomic map after atrial fibrillation ablation.
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Radiofrequency applications, a total of 531 points giving 340 points to both right pulmonary veins, had an average length of 3 to 4 minutes per vein resulting in elimination of pulmonary vein action potentials (Figure 1).
(a) Chest X-ray of the day after the radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in deep inspiration showing right hemidiaphragm paralyzed. (b) Chest X-ray 6 months after acute event.
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Chest radiograph showed elevated right hemidiaphragm (Figure 2).
(a) Cardiac MDCT in paracoronal view showing the right pericardiophrenic bundle (arrows) adjacent to the superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium (RA). (b) Paraxial view demonstrating the close relation (1 mm) of the pericardiophrenic bundle (arrow) to the right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV). RA: right atrium, LA: left atrium, LAA: left atrial appendage, RAA: right atrial appendage, and LPV: Left pulmonary veins.
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fig3
Asymptomatic paralysis persisted in a 10-month follow-up (Figure 3).