PMC3426784_01
Pre-treatment frontal (A) and lateral (B) views, panoramic radiograph (C), lateral cephalometric radiography (D), and its corresponding
tracing (E).
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F1
Panoramic radiography showed the presence of all permanent teeth (Fig. 1).
Pre-treatment intraoral views of dental relations: A, right side; B, frontal; C, left side; D, occlusal view of maxillary dental arch; E,
occlusal view of mandibular dental arch.
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F2
There was a normal overjet, increased overbite, transverse discrepancy of the mandible in relation to the maxilla as well as lower dental arch midline deviation of 2 mm to the left side (Fig. 2). 
Orthodontic treatment of the mandibular dental arch by means of removable expansion appliance at the beginning of treatment (A),
after 7 months (B), and after 20 months (C).
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F3
The lower incisors were gradually moved forward into a better position and the transverse discrepancy as well as the buccal occlusion had been improved (Fig. 3).
Different stages and views of comprehensive orthodontic treatment by means of fixed appliances in both dental arches (A, B, C, D, E).
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F4
During the second phase, a non-extraction orthodontic treatment by means of fixed appliances was performed for alignment, leveling, coordination and finishing of the dental arches (Fig. 4).
Post-treatment frontal (A) and lateral (B) views, panoramic radiography (C), lateral cephalometric radiography (D), and its corresponding
tracing E.
TODENTJ-6-131_F5.jpg
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F5
At the end of the treatment optimum occlusal and skeletal relationships were present (Fig. 5).
Post-treatment intraoral views of dental relations: A, right side; B, frontal; C, left side; D, occlusal view of maxillary dental arch; E,
occlusal view of mandibular dental arch; and F, with Essix R retainers in both dental arches.
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F6
Main findings in the post-treatment lateral cephalometric analysis included small anterior mandibular rotation, decrease of lower facial height, proclination of lower incisors, and increase of the nasolabial angle (Fig. 6). 
Eighteen months after treatment: frontal (A) and lateral (B) views, and dental relations right side (C), frontal (D), left side (E), occlusal
view of maxillary dental arch (F), and occlusal view of mandibular dental arch (G).
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F7
At this age small changes were noticed on the posterior occlusion, which maybe are due to the dental arch coverage by the thermoplastic retainers or/and the eruption of the 2nd mandibular molar (Fig. 7).