PMC9344108_01
Example of computing a 3-D volume of the fetal brain. (A) Multiple 2D stacks
were acquired in the three principal directions (axial, sagittal, and
coronal). (B) A 3-D fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image was
reconstructed, following motion-correction, from the 2D stacks. (C) Major
brain-tissue types were manually delineated from the reconstructed 3-D brain
volume (indicated in various colors).
10.1177_23247096221105245-fig1.jpg
PMC9344108_01_10.1177_23247096221105245-fig1.jpg
fig1-23247096221105245
At 30.57 GW, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Philips 1.5T) was performed to better evaluate clinically for other abnormalities as MRI can provide information regarding certain conditions like white matter abnormalities and temporal lobe atrophy that cannot be obtained by ultrasound alone.   2-D and 3-D MRI measurements of fetal brain structures were computed (Figure 1) and shown in Table 1. 2-D measurements of brain biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, skull biparietal diameter, and occipitofrontal diameter, and calculated head circumference were recorded.   Significant deficits were noted for skull biparietal diameter and occipitofrontal diameter versus age-matched controls (Figure 2).
2D-MRI brain measurements of a fetus with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
(CAH) at 30 weeks 4 days estimated gestational age. (A-D) Measurements of
biparietal diameters and occipitofrontal diameters of the brain and skull
(in mm). Red plus sign indicates percentile for measurements of the CAH
fetus relative to normative fetal brain morphometry curves.
10.1177_23247096221105245-fig2.jpg
PMC9344108_01_10.1177_23247096221105245-fig2.jpg
fig2-23247096221105245
At 30.57 GW, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Philips 1.5T) was performed to better evaluate clinically for other abnormalities as MRI can provide information regarding certain conditions like white matter abnormalities and temporal lobe atrophy that cannot be obtained by ultrasound alone.   2-D and 3-D MRI measurements of fetal brain structures were computed (Figure 1) and shown in Table 1. 2-D measurements of brain biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, skull biparietal diameter, and occipitofrontal diameter, and calculated head circumference were recorded.   Significant deficits were noted for skull biparietal diameter and occipitofrontal diameter versus age-matched controls (Figure 2).
3D-MRI volumetric brain measurements of a fetus with congenital adrenal
hyperplasia (CAH) at 30 weeks 4 days estimated gestational age. (A-E)
Measurements of extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid, cortical plate, total
lateral ventricles, cerebellum, and supratentorial brain tissue. Red plus
sign indicates the percentile for the volumetric measurement in the CAH
fetus relative to normative fetal brain volume curves. (F) Representative
example of a sagittal brain slice showing the tissue regions measured
(supratentorial brain tissue excluded).
10.1177_23247096221105245-fig3.jpg
PMC9344108_01_10.1177_23247096221105245-fig3.jpg
fig3-23247096221105245
Absolute biparietal diameter measurements were similar for ultrasound and MRI. 3-D measurements were obtained of the extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, supratentorial volume, cerebellar volume, cortical plate volume, and total lateral ventricles volume (Figure 3).   Total intracranial volume and deep gray matter volume, but not developing white matter, showed deficits versus controls (Table 1).
PMC9344108_02