PMC10351351_01
MRI of the ankle and sacroiliac joints in Twin A and Twin B. (A) Sagittal plain T2-weighted images of Twin A displaying tendinopathy of the left Achilles tendon (white arrow). (B) STIR images of Twin A displaying the sacroiliac bone marrow edema (white arrow). (C) Sagittal plain T2-weighted images of Twin B displaying synovial proliferation and joint effusion (white arrow). (D) STIR images of Twin B displaying bilateral sacroiliac bone marrow edema (white arrows). MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, STIR: short tau inversion recovery.
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MRI documented the presence of synovitis in the left knee and both ankles (Figure 1C). MRI of sacroiliac joints demonstrated bone marrow edema at both sacroiliac joints (Figure 1D).
PMC10351351_02
MRI of the ankle and sacroiliac joints in Twin A and Twin B. (A) Sagittal plain T2-weighted images of Twin A displaying tendinopathy of the left Achilles tendon (white arrow). (B) STIR images of Twin A displaying the sacroiliac bone marrow edema (white arrow). (C) Sagittal plain T2-weighted images of Twin B displaying synovial proliferation and joint effusion (white arrow). (D) STIR images of Twin B displaying bilateral sacroiliac bone marrow edema (white arrows). MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, STIR: short tau inversion recovery.
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MRI documented the presence of synovitis in the left knee and both ankles (Figure 1C). MRI of sacroiliac joints demonstrated bone marrow edema at both sacroiliac joints (Figure 1D).
PMC10351351_03
Cell clusters identified by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. (A) Identification of 14 clusters in pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells from twins who developed spondyloarthritis after COVID-19 and one patient with typical radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. (B) Difference in frequency of cell population is displayed in bar plots. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projetion.
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Fourteen clusters were identified (Figure 2A). Difference in frequency of cell population is displayed in bar graphs (Figure 2B).
The differentially expressed genes from single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. (A) The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S26 (RPS26) is systematically down-regulated in most subsets of spondyloarthritis (SpA) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to that in typical axial spondyloarthritis. (B) The expression of small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) is consistently upregulated in most subsets of SpA after COVID-19 compared to that in typical axial spondyloarthritis.
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The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S26 (RPS26) was systematically down-regulated in most subsets of SpA after COVID-19 compared to that in typical axSpA (Figure 3A). The expression of small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) was consistently upregulated in SpA after COVID-19 compared to that in typical axSpA (Figure 3B).