PMC3827159_01
Imaging Results from Case 1.. (A) Color fundus photograph. (B) Early-phase fluorescein angiography (FA) image. (C) First frame of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) video, which corresponds to the area outlined in white in (B). (D) FA image. Magnified view of the area outlined in white in (B). (E) Capillary image constructed from unregistered AO-SLO video. (F) Capillary image constructed from AO-SLO video after B-spline-based elastic registration. Scale bar, 100 mum. Note that the capillary image is brilliantly visualized and comparable to early-phase FA image, while the capillary image constructed without elastic registration (E) is rather noisy and blurred.
pone.0080106.g004.jpg
PMC3827159_01_pone.0080106.g004.jpg
pone-0080106-g004
The parafoveal area of the left eye of a 53-year-old man with no history of ocular or systemic diseases was examined by AO-SLO, and capillary image was constructed from video recorded for 2 s (Figure 4). Capillaries were brilliantly visualized using elastic image registration (Figure 4F), comparably to early-phase fluorescein angiography (FA) images obtained using Heidelberg Retinal Angiography 2 (Heidelberg Engineering) (Figure 4D), while capillary images constructed without elastic registration were rather noisy and blurred (Figure 4E).
PMC3827159_02
Imaging Results from Case 2.. (A) Color fundus photograph. (B) Early-phase fluorescein angiography (FA) image. Microaneurysms are seen as hyperfluorescent dots. (C) Montage of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) images overlaid on magnified color fundus photograph corresponding to the area outlined in green in (A). (D) First frame of the AO-SLO video, which corresponds to the area outlined in white in (B) and (C). Scale bar, 100 mum. (E) Capillary image constructed from unregistered AO-SLO video recorded for 2 s. (F) Capillary image constructed from AO-SLO video after B-spline-based elastic registration. Microaneurysm (yellow arrow) as well as caliber variation (yellow arrowhead) are clearly depicted. (G) FA image. Magnified view of the area outlined in white in (B).
pone.0080106.g005.jpg
PMC3827159_02_pone.0080106.g005.jpg
pone-0080106-g005
Parafoveal area of the right eye was scanned by AO-SLO, and capillary image was constructed with and without elastic image registration (Figure 5).
PMC3827159_03
Imaging Results from Case 3.. (A) Color fundus photograph. (B) Montage of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) images overlaid on magnified color fundus photograph corresponding to the area outlined in white in (A). (C) The optical coherence tomographic scan shows intraretinal cystoid spaces. (D) First frame of the AO-SLO video, which corresponds to the area outlined in white in (B). Dark regions that may correspond to the shadow of microaneurysm on the cone mosaic could be seen along the vessel shadow (arrows). Scale bar, 100 mum. (E) Capillary image constructed from unregistered AO-SLO video. (F) Capillary image constructed from AO-SLO video after B-spline-based elastic registration showing microaneurysm (arrows). The capillary was visualized more clearly and sharply in the image constructed with elastic registration than in the image without elastic registration.
pone.0080106.g006.jpg
PMC3827159_03_pone.0080106.g006.jpg
pone-0080106-g006
A 46-year-old man with a 6-year history of mild blurring of vision in the right eye was diagnosed with MacTel type 1 (Figure 6).
PMC3827159_04
Imaging Results from Case 4.. (A) Color fundus photograph. (B) Montage of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) images overlaid on magnified color fundus photograph corresponding to the area outlined in white in (A). (C) The optical coherence tomographic scan shows thin epiretinal membrane and retinal folds. (D) First frame of the AO-SLO video, which corresponds to the area outlined in white in (B), shows "microfolds" (arrows). Scale bar, 100 mum. (E) Capillary image constructed from unregistered AO-SLO video. (F) Capillary image constructed from AO-SLO video after B-spline-based elastic registration. (G, H) Magnified view of the area outlined in yellow in (E) and (F). Scale bar, 100 mum. The capillary image was rather noisy in (G), and visible more clearly in (H). Note that vessel images overlapping with microfolds were obscured by white striped artifacts (arrowheads) in both images.
pone.0080106.g007.jpg
PMC3827159_04_pone.0080106.g007.jpg
pone-0080106-g007
A 65-year-old woman with mild ERM had visual acuity of 20/20 in the right eye (Figure 7).
PMC3827159_05
Imaging Results from Case 5.. (A) Color fundus photograph. (B) Montage of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) images overlaid on magnified color fundus photograph corresponding to the area outlined in white in (A). (C) The optical coherence tomographic scan shows serous retinal detachment and irregularity of the retinal pigment epithelium at the fovea. (D) First frame of the AO-SLO video, which corresponds to the area outlined in white in (B). A dark area is noted on the fovea (asterisk), and many dark patches (arrowheads) representing lost or damaged cones are detected around the dark area. Vessel shadows near the fovea assimilated into the dark area and were not visible. Scale bar, 100 mum. (E) Capillary image constructed from unregistered AO-SLO video. A spotty area was seen in the region containing dark patches (arrowheads). These spots may be due to imperfect alignment. (F) Capillary image constructed from AO-SLO video after B-spline-based elastic registration. The spotty area seen in (E) is not detected.
pone.0080106.g008.jpg
PMC3827159_05_pone.0080106.g008.jpg
pone-0080106-g008
Visual acuity was 20/50 in the left eye (Figure 8).