PMC4866062_01
Computed tomography scans at presentation to a local physician (a) and on referral to our institution (b). (a) A heterogeneously enhanced mass was detected in the nasal cavity (arrow). (b) Computed tomography scan without contrast demonstrated rapid progression of the tumor. The tumor invaded into the left orbit (arrow)
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F1
Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a heterogeneously enhanced mass lesion centered in the left nasal cavity [Figure 1a]. CT scan, performed 3 months after the first scan, demonstrated that the enlarged mass lesion breaking through the medial wall of the left orbit and pushed the eye laterally [Figure 1b].
Histological examination of the tumor cells. (a) Neoplastic cells occasionally arranging vascular channels. Mitotic figures are observed (arrowheads). (b) Positive immunohistochemical reaction of the tumor cells for CD31 was observed. Scale bars = 100 mum
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F2
No mitosis and necrosis were observed [Figure 2a]. Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for factor VIII-related antigen, vimentin, CD34, and CD31 [Figure 2b].
T1-weighted coronal magnetic resonance image with gadolinium enhancement before radical resection of the tumor. Note the tumor originating from the nasal cavity invading the anterior skull base (arrow)
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F3
Magnetic resonance images indicated that the tumor had invaded the anterior skull base dura matter [Figure 3].