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The CT-scan result of the patient before open surgical procedure in the left kidney.
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Forty-three years old women were referred to our hospital with a history of left open kidney surgery one year before admission to another hospital (Fig. 1).
(A)Fluoroscopy without contrast in the first standard prone PCNL indicated complete staghorn stone in the left kidney. (B) Retrograde pyelography contrast showed the calyx representation is not clear, several punctures were performed but failed, operator and team assumed there were so many debris inside all of the calyx. (C) There was residual stone with the size of 30 x 20 mm in upper left calyx that the operator couldn't reach with nephroscope from lower calyx, intraoperative bleeding influenced the deceision to stop the operation. (D) pre-operative CT-scan before ePSL with prone split-leg position procedure.
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Follow up in the outpatient clinic was performed for several weeks after the ePSL procedure (Fig. 2).