PMC9479572_01
Intraoperative photographs demonstrating (a) the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) venous fistula within the associated bulbous thoracic nerve root and (b) ligation of the CSF venous fistula with associated nerve roots. Arrow is pointing to the location of the CSFvenous fistula in (a), where the CSF-venous fistula was ligated in (b).
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F1
T10 nerve root sleeve was temporarily clamped and then fully ligated as there were no changes in neuromonitoring over 10 min [Figure 1]. This was followed by a T10-11instrumentation and fusion for segmental spinal stabilization.