PMC4310049_01
Photo taken 4 years after her forearm AVF was found. Cyanosis and recurrent formation
of ulcers with severe pain developed (2004).
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Thereafter, some other symptoms developed gradually, such as severe pain and recurrent formation of ulcers (Fig. 1).
Photo taken 9 years after her forearm AVF was found. All of her left fingers already
showed severe necrosis (2007).
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Hemostasis was achieved by local compression. (Fig. 2).
Her forearm AVF was reassessed by angiography (upper panel), MRI, and CT (lower
panel) after hemostasis was achieved (2007).
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Her AVF was reassessed by angiography, CT, and MRI (Fig. 3).