PMC7191439_01
PMC7191439_02
CT image and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction: (a) the analysis of patient-specific CT image; (b) reconstruction of 3D tracheal geometry with main bronchi from original CT images.
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fig1
The accuracy of the reconstructed model was checked against the geometry with an exact measurement in original DICOM CT slice files.  Figure 1 depicts the geometry after surface smoothing with the trachea and main bronchi.
Two surgical schemes virtually designed by the approach of computer-aided design (CAD) for the patient-specific tracheal model with two segmental stenoses.
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fig2
In Figure 2, the two possible staged surgical schemes are described. We found that grid numbers of about 0.5 million in steady simulation created the most efficient mesh.  Figure 3 and Table 2 show the mesh information for each model used in the present study.
Mesh information of each model used in CFD simulation.
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fig3
A tetrahedral mesh covered the remainder of the domain.  Figure 3 provides detailed information of the mesh. We found that grid numbers of about 0.5 million in steady simulation created the most efficient mesh.  Figure 3 and Table 2 show the mesh information for each model used in the present study.