PMC6336557_01
Nasal adjustment with PCS. Preoperative image (left), PCS model (middle), and image obtained 90 days after surgery (right). PCS = preoperative computer simulation.
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F4
Her stereoscopic images were transferred to a 3D model (Fig. 4, left). The change in nasal dorsum was simulated by Boolean operations between PCS and preoperative measurements to determine the size and shape of the customized template (Fig. 4, middle), and it was printed by rapid prototyping. These changes contributed to a better appearance, which met the patient's expectations (Fig. 4, right).
PMC6336557_02
Mandibular adjustment with PCS. Preoperative image (left), PCS model (middle), and image obtained 90 days after surgery (right). PCS = preoperative computer simulation.
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F5
A 22-year-old female patient with serious mandibular distraction was photographed using the 3D capture system, and her stereoscopic images were transferred to a 3D model (Fig. 5, left). Boolean operations to determine the size and shape of the customized template (Fig. 5, middle). Based on the PCS, a customized template was printed by rapid prototyping.
PMC6336557_03
Craniomaxillofacial adjustment. The preoperative image (left) and 3D model based on CT data (right). 3D = 3-dimensional, CT = computed tomography.
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F6
The goals were to achieve an oval face and smooth contour by reducing the prominence of the zygoma and mandibular angle (Fig. 6).
A PCS based on a 3D model of bone tissue. 3D = 3-dimensional, PCS = preoperative computer simulation.
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F7
Soft tissue simulation was performed based on simulated skeletal movements using a FEM soft tissue simulation algorithm (Fig. 7).
A 3D printed model used to direct the surgical process. 3D = 3-dimensional.
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F8
Based on the simulation, a customized template was designed and printed (Fig. 8).
Images obtained preoperatively (left) and 90 days after surgery (right).
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F9