PMC10225960_01
ECG of the patient showing regular sinus rhythm, with right atrial enlargement, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
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An electrocardiogram (Figure 1) showed a regular sinus rhythm at 74 bpm, with right atrial enlargement and right ventricular hypertrophy.
(a, b) Four-chamber trans-thoracic echocardiogram of the patient showing secundum ASD and right heart strain.
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An echocardiogram (Figures 2 and 3) revealed secundum ASD = 4.1 cm with left to right shunting and pulmonary flow to that of systemic flow (Qp/Qs) ratio of 1.7/1.
Tricuspid valve regurgitant spectral Doppler of the patient showing the tricuspid regurgitant maximum pressure gradient (TR maxPG) of 40.37 mmHg.
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An echocardiogram (Figures 2 and 3) revealed secundum ASD = 4.1 cm with left to right shunting and pulmonary flow to that of systemic flow (Qp/Qs) ratio of 1.7/1.
(a and b) Still frames from 4-chamber cine axial MRI of the heart showing atrial septal defect in the 32-year-old man.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the heart (Figure 4) confirmed the ASD.
MRI of the brain: (a) axial FLAIR showing left thalamic hyperintensity, (b) axial FLAIR showing minimal bilateral subcortical white matter hyperintensity, and (c) axial T2 showing chronic cerebellar infarct.
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Figure 5 shows MRI of the brain; (a) axial FLAIR showing left thalamic hyperintensity, (b) axial FLAIR showing minimal bilateral subcortical white matter hyperintensity, and (c) axial T2 showing chronic cerebellar infarct.