PMC9218894_01
Urine protein electrophoresis plots in cat 1 performed (a) 3 days and (b) 13 days after ibuprofen ingestion. The respective legends report serum creatinine, urine protein:creatinine (UPC) and the fractional percentage of proteins in the urine (albumin; tubular proteins; glomerular proteins). The electrophoresis plots show the albumin band, glomerular proteins (alpha1 band), tubular proteins (alpha2 and beta bands) and gamma globulins. Notably, although both plots display a similarly large fraction of albumin and glomerular proteins (alpha 1 band) present in the urine, the UPC in (a) is 22.58, suggesting significant protein loss, whereas the UPC in (b) is only 0.11, which indicates physiological protein loss. The gamma band present in (b) is also considered a physiological trace gamma-globulin loss when associated with a normal UPC.
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The results of the serum biochemical analyses in cat 1 revealed severe azotaemia, with a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 80.3 mmol/l (225 mg/dl), creatinine of 1084 micromol/l (12 mg/dl) and hyperphosphataemia of 5.6 mmol/l (17 mg/dl) (Figure 1). Urinalysis revealed cytologically inactive urine sediment in both cats, decreased urine specific gravity (USG; 1.020) in both cats, and severe proteinuria with a urine:protein creatinine ratio (UPC) of 22.58 in cat 1 (Figure 1a), and 24.92 in cat 2 (Figure 2a). Protein electrophoresis of the urine samples revealed a normal protein excretion pattern (cat 1: albumin 78.1%, glomerular protein 16%, tubular protein 5.9% [Figure 1b]; cat 2: albumin 52.8%, glomerular protein 25.6%, tubular protein 21.6% [Figure 2b]).
Urine protein electrophoresis plots in cat 2 performed (a) 3 days and (b) 13 days after ibuprofen ingestion. The respective legends report serum creatinine, urine protein:creatinine (UPC) and the fractional percentage of proteins in the urine (albumin; tubular proteins; glomerular proteins). The electrophoresis plots show the albumin peak, glomerular proteins (alpha1 band), tubular proteins (alpha2 and beta bands) and gamma globulins. While both plots display a similarly large fraction of albumin and glomerular proteins (alpha 1 band) present in the urine, the UPC in (a) is 24.92, suggesting a significant urinary protein loss, whereas the UPC in (b) is 0.11, which indicates a physiological protein loss. Plot (b) shows a pre-albumin band that is considered physiological when associated with a normal UPC
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Urinalysis revealed cytologically inactive urine sediment in both cats, decreased urine specific gravity (USG; 1.020) in both cats, and severe proteinuria with a urine:protein creatinine ratio (UPC) of 22.58 in cat 1 (Figure 1a), and 24.92 in cat 2 (Figure 2a). Protein electrophoresis of the urine samples revealed a normal protein excretion pattern (cat 1: albumin 78.1%, glomerular protein 16%, tubular protein 5.9% [Figure 1b]; cat 2: albumin 52.8%, glomerular protein 25.6%, tubular protein 21.6% [Figure 2b]).
Progression of serum creatinine values in cat 1 and cat 2 following ibuprofen ingestion. Day 1 indicates the day of presentation to the hospital, which was 3 days after the ingestion of ibuprofen
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On day 5 (8 days after ingestion) serum creatinine was only mildly elevated in cat 1 (214 micromol/l [2 mg/dl]) and was within normal limits in cat 2 (147 micromol/l [2 mg/dl]) (Figure 3). Both cats were then discharged in normal clinical condition with normal appetite and serum creatinine concentration (Figure 3).