PMC6024489_01
Case 1: (A) Preoperative AP/lateral knee radiographs show fixed anterior knee dislocation with osteoarthritis. (B) Two-year postoperative AP/lateral knee radiographs show stable prosthesis. AP indicates anteroposterior.
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On admission in 2013, she presented with fixed anterior knee dislocation in which the tibia was anterior to the femur (Figure 1A). Two years after the TKA, the patient reported a pain-free knee with a ROM of 0  to 110  (Figure 1B).
PMC6024489_02
Case 2: (A) AP/lateral knee radiographs show knee dislocation fixed by external fixator in a subluxed position. (B) AP/lateral knee radiographs show fixed anterior knee dislocation with osteoarthritis. (C) MRI shows fixed anterior knee dislocation and previous multiple ligaments reconstruction. (D) 15-month postoperative AP/lateral knee radiographs show well-fixed stable prosthesis. AP indicates anteroposterior.
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Her records showed that a popliteal vascular injury was treated by bypass grafting and the knee was fixed with an external fixator (Figure 2A). Four years after the trauma, PCL and ACL reconstructions were performed in 2 stages at another centre (Figure 2B). On admission in 2014, she had a fixed anteriorly dislocated knee (Figure 2C). After accepting the risks and benefits of surgery, TKA with a constrained hinge prosthesis (RHK; Zimmer Biomet; USA) was performed in February 2016 (Figure 2D).
PMC6024489_03
Case 3: (A) Pelvic radiography shows left total hip arthroplasty. (B) Preoperative lateral knee radiograph shows fixed anterior knee dislocation. (C) Preoperative AP radiograph. Left knee dislocation and right knee osteoarthritis (D) and (E) One-year postoperative radiography shows well-fixed stable prosthesis. AP indicates anteroposterior.
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A 52-year-old woman, with a history of left developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) had been treated by left total hip arthroplasty (THA) at another centre 1.5 years before admission (Figure 3A). Radiography showed anterior knee dislocation (Figure 3B). THA and severe right knee osteoarthritis (Figure 3C), TKA was considered for the left knee chronic anterior dislocation. Total knee arthroplasty with a constrained hinged prosthesis (RHK; Zimmer Biomet; USA) was carried out. During final prosthesis reduction, the medial epicondyle avulsed and was fixed with a 4-mm full-threaded cancellous screw (Figure 3D and 3E).