PMC3691971_01
30-2 perimetry of the left eye demonstrates an arcuate defect within the superior visual field.
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Analyzer; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) was performed two days after the onset of symptoms and disclosed a superior visual field defect in the left eye (Fig. 1). At the same time, fluorescein angiography depicted no embolus and delayed filling of the affected artery (Fig. 2).
Early phase fluorescein angiography two days after the attack reveals delayed filling of the affected branch but no embolus.
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Analyzer; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) was performed two days after the onset of symptoms and disclosed a superior visual field defect in the left eye (Fig. 1). At the same time, fluorescein angiography depicted no embolus and delayed filling of the affected artery (Fig. 2).
Echocardiography of the patient shows a small patent foramen ovale (PFO, green arrow) by a transesophageal approach (A), note the passage of bubbles (green arrow) from the right atrium (RA) to the left atrium (LA) via the PFO (B).
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Accordingly, further echocardiographic studies were performed in search of a probable cardiac source which identified a small PFO which was 1 to 2 mm in diameter (Fig. 3A). TEE illustrated abnormal passage of agitated saline microbubbles through the PFO; following peripheral administration of agitated saline, about 10 micro-bubbles were detected to pass from the right to the left atrium via the PFO with Valsalva maneuver (Fig. 3B).