PMC9871590_01
CT imaging and preoperative 3D anatomical model of mid-aortic clinical scenario with virtual measurements, expressed in mm.
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F1
Antero-posterior (A), latero-lateral (B), and isometric (C) views of the virtual rendering of the 3D-printed model, replicated from patient-specific CT imaging; (D) 3D-printed model mounted on the in vitro planning platform.
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F2
Table 1. The model was placed on a 3D-printed support reproducing patient-specific clinostatis and a set of introducers were used to fill the model with saline and mimic fluid-catheter interaction (Figure 2D).
Still angiographic frames of the tests on the in vitro planning platform (A) to assess procedure feasibility and procedural steps performed in vivo
(B), i.e., CP stents implantation with partial overlap in pre- and infra-renal segments and bilateral renal angioplasty across the frames of the CP stent.
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F3
Specifically, to treat the stenoses excluding the aneurysm and avoiding risk of renal arteries occlusion, 8-zig, 45-mm-long covered Cheatham-Platinum (CP) stent (NUMED, Hopkinton, New York, USA), mounted on 9 x 60 mm Armada balloon (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA), and 8-zig, 34-mm-long CP stent, mounted on 8 x 60 Armada balloon, were implanted with partial overlap in pre- and infra-renal segments, respectively (Figure 3A; Supplementary Videos 4, 5). During real cardiac catheterization (Figure 3B), the aortic stenoses were successfully treated (Figure 4), with no residual pressure gradient, exactly replicating the strategy tested in vitro (Supplementary Videos 6, 7).
Still angiographic frames of preoperative scenario (A, B) and postoperative outcome (C, D) in antero-posterior (A, C) and latero-lateral views (B, D).
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During real cardiac catheterization (Figure 3B), the aortic stenoses were successfully treated (Figure 4), with no residual pressure gradient, exactly replicating the strategy tested in vitro (Supplementary Videos 6, 7).