PMC3070298_01
Composite z-scores pre- and post-DBS for the cognitive domains created only with those tests given both at pre and post time points. For the pre time point, the very first of the two pre-DBS evaluations was used. The composite z-scores consisted of the following: Attention/Working Memory = Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) Attention subscale, Digit Span Total; Language = Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, and Animal Fluency; Processing speed = Digit Symbol, Trail Making Test A, Stroop Word Reading, and Stroop Color Naming; Visuospatial = DRS-2 Construction, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) Block Design subtest, Facial Recognition test, and Judgment of Line Orientation; Memory (Retrieval) = DRS-2 Memory subtest, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) immediate total and delayed recall, and Wechsler Memory Scale-III Logical Memory; Memory (Recognition) = HVLT-R recognition; Reasoning = DRS-2 Conceptualization subtest, and WASI Similarities and Matrix Reasoning; Executive Monitoring = Stroop Color Word and Trails B; Problem Solving = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 Total Error and Perseverative Responses.
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Furthermore, to formally quantify the pre-to-post change in each of the cognitive domains, we utilized a composite z-score for each domain based on tests' normative published data (see Figure 1).