PMC9560984_01
Cattle under live fence shade, CATIE dairy farm, Costa Rica.
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PMC9560984_01_13593_2022_834_Fig1_HTML.jpg
Fig1
Center (CATIE, Spanish acronym) in Costa Rica (Fig. 1). CATIE is located near
Dairy farm map showing fence types, mature trees in fields and locations of sample plots. d = wire fence with dead posts; s0 = simple live fence, no canopy; s1 = simple live fence, single species; s2 = simple live fence, mixed species; c1 = complex live fence, single species; c2 = complex live fence, mixed species.
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PMC9560984_01_13593_2022_834_Fig2_HTML.jpg
Fig2
The dairy farm is divided into 165 paddocks with a wide range of areas (Fig. 2) divided by a combination of post and wire fences (using purchased preserved wooden posts) and live fences.