PMC4991578_01
Outcome of pain measurements (a) and range of motion (b) from patient #1. *Indicates a statistically significant finding (p < 0.05).
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At the time of initial evaluation, the patient reported severe pain (VAS score of 8; Fig. 1a) on rest. The patient also complained of increased pain (FRI: 37; Fig. 1a) when walking up and down stairs. On physical examination, there was mild joint edema, decreased ROM, and tenderness with flexion (Fig. 1b). After the second week of ADSC/ECM mixture injection, the patient's pain and ROM improved (Fig. 1a, b). By the 16th week, the patient's pain and ROM significantly improved more than 70% (Fig. 1a, b).
MRI sagittal (a-d) and coronal (e-h) sequential T2 views of the knee from patient #1. Pretreatment MRI scans (a: sequential image, 5/20; c: 6/20; e: 10/20; and g: 11/20) show cartilage lesions (arrows). Post-treatment MRI scans at 16 weeks (b: 6/20; d: 7/20; f: 10/20; and h: 11/20) indicate cartilage-like tissue regeneration (arrowhead) that has been repaired by ADSC/ECM mixture-based treatment. ADSC, adipose tissue-derived stem cell; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
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A pretreatment MRI demonstrated a decreased size and deformed contour on medial meniscus of the left knee due to maceration (Fig. 2a, c, e, g). Post-treatment MRI taken after the 16th week showed increased thickness of cartilage-like tissue on the medial side of the knee (Fig. 2b, d, f, h).
PMC4991578_02
Outcome of pain measurements (a) and range of motion (b) from patient #2. *Indicates a statistically significant finding (p < 0.05).
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At the time of initial evaluation, the patient reported severe pain on the left knee (VAS score: 7; Fig. 3a) on rest. The pain (FRI: 33; Fig. 3a) increased when walking up and down stairs. ROM (Fig. 3b) was decreased. After the second week of ADSC/ECM mixture injection, the patient's pain and ROM improved (Fig. 3a, b). ROM significantly improved to 80% (Fig. 3a, b). Repeated MRI taken after the 18th week showed an increase in the height of cartilage-like tissue on the anterior medial side of the knee (Fig. 4b, d, f, h).
MRI sagittal (a-d) and coronal (e-h) sequential T2 views of the knee from patient #2. Pretreatment MRI scans (a: sequential image, 6/20; c: 7/20; e: 13/20; and g: 14/20) show cartilage lesions (arrows). Post-treatment MRI scans at 18 weeks (b: 6/20; d: 7/20; f: 13/20; and h: 14/20) indicate cartilage-like tissue regeneration (arrowhead) that has been repaired by ADSC/ECM mixture-based treatment.
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A pretreatment MRI demonstrated a decreased size and deformed contour on medial meniscus due to the meniscectomy of the left knee along with cartilage thinning (Fig. 4a, c, e, g) and the patient was diagnosed as having stage 3 OA. ROM significantly improved to 80% (Fig. 3a, b). Repeated MRI taken after the 18th week showed an increase in the height of cartilage-like tissue on the anterior medial side of the knee (Fig. 4b, d, f, h).
PMC4991578_03
Outcome of pain measurements (a) and range of motion (b) from patient #3. *Indicates a statistically significant finding (p < 0.05).
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At the time of initial evaluation, the patient reported severe pain (VAS score: 8; Fig. 5a) on rest. The pain (FRI: 36; Fig. 5a) increased when walking. ROM (Fig. 5b) was decreased. After the second week of ADSC/ECM mixture injection, the patient's pain and ROM improved very much, ~50% (Fig. 5a, b). ROM significantly improved over 80% (Fig. 5a, b). Repeated MRI taken after the 22nd week showed an increase in the height of the cartilage-like tissue on the medial side of the knee (Fig. 6b, d, f, h).
MRI sagittal (a-d) and coronal (e-h) sequential T2 views of the knee from patient #3. Pretreatment MRI scans (a: sequential image, 4/20; c: 5/20; e: 10/20; and g: 11/20) show cartilage lesions (arrows). Post-treatment MRI scans at 22 weeks (b: 4/20; d: 5/20; f: 10/20; and h: 11/20) indicate cartilage-like tissue regeneration (arrowhead) that has been repaired by ADSC/ECM mixture-based treatment.
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A pretreatment MRI demonstrated a decreased size and deformed contour on medial meniscus of the left knee due to maceration along with cartilage thinning (Fig. 6a, c, e, g). ROM significantly improved over 80% (Fig. 5a, b). Repeated MRI taken after the 22nd week showed an increase in the height of the cartilage-like tissue on the medial side of the knee (Fig. 6b, d, f, h).