PMC9081835_01
Echocardiography and computed tomography angiography. (A) complete coronary sinus atrial septal defect (white arrowheads). (B) white arrowheads show an abnormal conduit. (C) A connection between the inferior vena cava and the left atrium. (D) saline microbubbles injected into the lower limb vein expressed first in the LA and left ventricle (LV), and then in the RA and RV. (E) saline microbubbles injected into the right elbow vein expressed almost simultaneously in the LA and RA. (F) CT shows the left superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava draining into the LA. (G-I) CT shows the superior vena cava (white arrowheads) draining into the.
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F1
Transthoracic (TTE), transesophageal (TEE) and three-dimensional (3D-TTE) echocardiography revealed (1) coronary sinus dilatation and a complete coronary sinus atrial septal defect (ASD) (Figure 1A, Supplementary Videos 1, 2), (2) an anomalous conduit enters left atrium (LA) at its roof (Figure 1B), and (3) the inferior vena cava (IVC) opens into LA (Figure 1C) (4) the superior vena cava (SVC) is not connected with the right atrium (RA). Contrast echocardiography revealed (1) saline microbubbles injected to the left elbow vein expressed first in the LA and then in the RA and right ventricle (RV) (Supplementary Video 3); (2) saline microbubbles injected into the right elbow vein expressed almost simultaneously in the LA and RA (Figure 1D, Supplementary Video 4); (3) saline microbubbles injected into the lower limb vein expressed first in the LA and left ventricle (LV) and then in the RA and RV (Figure 1E, Supplementary Videos 5, 6). ASD, persistent left SVC draining into the LA (Figure 1F), right SVC draining into the LA (Figures 1G-I), and IVC draining into the LA (Figure 1F). A contrast medium was injected in the left elbow vein.