PMC9871821_01
Percentile rank of intrusion errors (I) in the Hong Kong list learning test (HKLLT) and the category fluency test (CFT), and perseveration errors (P) in the CFT at baseline and after tPBM.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g001.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g001.jpg
fig1
After the intervention, his intrusion errors improved by 1.87 SD from the 5th percentile to the 56th percentile (from the mildly impaired range to the average range) (Figure 1).
Total scores in (A) the Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale:Short Form (CGDS-SF) and (B) the Geriatric Anxiety Scale:10 Item Version (GAS-10) at baseline and after tPBM.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g002.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g002.jpg
fig2
S3's reported depressive symptoms, as measured using the CGDS-SF, were slightly reduced from mild level (total score = 5) to normal level (total score = 3), suggesting some improvement in his depressive symptoms (Figure 2A). However, his anxiety symptoms increased from a minimal level (total score = 3) to a mild level (total score = 7), according to his GAS-10 score (Figure 2B).
Percentile rank of each older adult in visual and verbal memory tests before and after tPBM. Older adults' visual memory was measured based on the 30-min delayed recall in the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Rey-O), whereas their verbal memory was measured based on the 30-min delayed recall in the HKLLT.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g003.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g003.jpg
fig3
HKLLT and the Rey-O (Figure 3). His verbal memory improved by 0.98 SD from the 90th percentile (high average range) to the 99th percentile (superior range), and his visual memory improved by 0.8 SD from the 35th percentile (average range) to the 95th percentile (superior range).
PMC9871821_02
Percentile rank of intrusion errors (I) in the Hong Kong list learning test (HKLLT) and the category fluency test (CFT), and perseveration errors (P) in the CFT at baseline and after tPBM.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g001.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g001.jpg
fig1
After the intervention, his intrusion errors improved by 1.87 SD from the 5th percentile to the 56th percentile (from the mildly impaired range to the average range) (Figure 1).
Total scores in (A) the Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale:Short Form (CGDS-SF) and (B) the Geriatric Anxiety Scale:10 Item Version (GAS-10) at baseline and after tPBM.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g002.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g002.jpg
fig2
S3's reported depressive symptoms, as measured using the CGDS-SF, were slightly reduced from mild level (total score = 5) to normal level (total score = 3), suggesting some improvement in his depressive symptoms (Figure 2A). However, his anxiety symptoms increased from a minimal level (total score = 3) to a mild level (total score = 7), according to his GAS-10 score (Figure 2B).
Percentile rank of each older adult in visual and verbal memory tests before and after tPBM. Older adults' visual memory was measured based on the 30-min delayed recall in the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Rey-O), whereas their verbal memory was measured based on the 30-min delayed recall in the HKLLT.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g003.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g003.jpg
fig3
HKLLT and the Rey-O (Figure 3). His verbal memory improved by 0.98 SD from the 90th percentile (high average range) to the 99th percentile (superior range), and his visual memory improved by 0.8 SD from the 35th percentile (average range) to the 95th percentile (superior range).
PMC9871821_03
Percentile rank of intrusion errors (I) in the Hong Kong list learning test (HKLLT) and the category fluency test (CFT), and perseveration errors (P) in the CFT at baseline and after tPBM.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g001.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g001.jpg
fig1
After the intervention, his intrusion errors improved by 1.87 SD from the 5th percentile to the 56th percentile (from the mildly impaired range to the average range) (Figure 1).
Total scores in (A) the Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale:Short Form (CGDS-SF) and (B) the Geriatric Anxiety Scale:10 Item Version (GAS-10) at baseline and after tPBM.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g002.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g002.jpg
fig2
S3's reported depressive symptoms, as measured using the CGDS-SF, were slightly reduced from mild level (total score = 5) to normal level (total score = 3), suggesting some improvement in his depressive symptoms (Figure 2A). However, his anxiety symptoms increased from a minimal level (total score = 3) to a mild level (total score = 7), according to his GAS-10 score (Figure 2B).
Percentile rank of each older adult in visual and verbal memory tests before and after tPBM. Older adults' visual memory was measured based on the 30-min delayed recall in the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Rey-O), whereas their verbal memory was measured based on the 30-min delayed recall in the HKLLT.
fpsyg-13-1095111-g003.jpg
PMC9871821_03_fpsyg-13-1095111-g003.jpg
fig3
HKLLT and the Rey-O (Figure 3). His verbal memory improved by 0.98 SD from the 90th percentile (high average range) to the 99th percentile (superior range), and his visual memory improved by 0.8 SD from the 35th percentile (average range) to the 95th percentile (superior range).