PMC5968279_01
a Color fundus photograph of the right eye showing upper branch retinal vein occlusion with cotton wool spots and flame-shaped hemorrhages in the areas drained by the affected vein. b, c Fluorescein angiograms showing areas of hypofluorescence due to intraretinal hemorrhages in the early phase and leakage of dye involving the fovea in the late phase.
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F1
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the left eye was normal, but the RE revealed retinal flame-shaped hemorrhage and cotton wool spots (Fig. 1a). The early phase of fluorescein angiography showed multiple areas of hypofluorescence due to intraretinal hemorrhages and leakage of dye involving the fovea in the late phase (Fig. 1b, c).
a OCT image demonstrating a cystoid macular edema. b OCT image after 3 consecutive applications of intravitreal bevacizumab demonstrating full resolution of the intraretinal fluid and a preserved foveal contour.
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F2
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed an accumulation of intraretinal fluid (Fig. 2a). She was treated with 3 consecutive intravitreal applications of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF; bevacizumab) due to cystoid macular edema, with improvement of the best corrected VA (BCVA) to 0.9 and full resolution of the intraretinal fluid on OCT (Fig. 2b).
a Color fundus photograph of the right eye showing hemiretinal vein occlusion with flame-shaped and dot hemorrhages in areas drained by the affected vein. b Fluorescein angiogram showing multiple areas of hypofluorescence due to intraretinal hemorrhages and subtle leakage of dye in the foveal area, with no signs of perfusion. c OCT image demonstrating a subtle perifoveal edema. d OCT image after a single application of intravitreal ranibizumab, demonstrating resolution of the perifoveal fluid.
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F3
Fluorescein angiography of the RE showed signs of nonischemic HRVO (Fig. 3a, b). She was treated with a single intravitreal application of anti-VEGF (ranibizumab) due to perifoveal edema as seen on OCT, with resolution of the intraretinal fluid and improvement of the BCVA to 0.9 (Fig. 3c, d).