PMC3015915_01
Abdominal CT scan illustrates the IVC as it courses from the normal anatomic position to the left-sided position: (A) IVC in right-sided anatomical position (thick arrow); (B) IVC crossing anterior to the aorta (thick arrow); (C) IVC crossing anterior to the aorta (thick arrow) and main left renal vein (thin arrow). Left renal mass is noted in a central location; (D) IVC in left-sided position (thick arrow) and second left renal vein (thin arrow).
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F1
Computed tomography revealed a 4-cm enhancing lesion located centrally within the left kidney (Figure 1).
Intraoperative image during left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. View of cephalad (left) and caudad (right) aspect of IVC; kidney (out of frame) is located towards top of image. Left gonadal vein drains into the left-sided IVC. Two of the 3 left renal veins are noted. Bridging vein between the main renal vein and gonadal vein is noted.
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F2
IVC was encountered without visualization of the aorta, confirming its left-sided orientation. In addition, 3 renal veins were noted, as was a left gonadal vein that drained directly into the IVC (Figure 2).