PMC8721042_01
Radiologic examinations and laboratory assessments after initiation of pembrolizumab-based treatment during active COVID-19. (A) Exemplary pulmonary infiltrations during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab with ground glass infiltration (I+III), consolidation (II), and mixed ground glass and consolidation (IV+V); (B) change of the tumor target lesions (I) right upper lobe/hilus and (II) TH12 during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab; (C) blood counts, inflammatory markers, and serum albumin/protein. (D) SARS-CoV-2 viral load reflected by Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 PCR from sequential nasopharyngeal swabs. LA, largest diameter; DeltaP, change from previous assessment; DX, day in relation to first SARS-CoV-2 detection by PCR (=D0); CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; LOD, level of detection.
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PMC8721042_04_fimmu-12-798276-g001.jpg
f1
The appearance of circulating antibodies coincided with decreasing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in nasopharyngeal swabs ( Figure 1D ).
PMC8721042_02
Radiologic examinations and laboratory assessments after initiation of pembrolizumab-based treatment during active COVID-19. (A) Exemplary pulmonary infiltrations during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab with ground glass infiltration (I+III), consolidation (II), and mixed ground glass and consolidation (IV+V); (B) change of the tumor target lesions (I) right upper lobe/hilus and (II) TH12 during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab; (C) blood counts, inflammatory markers, and serum albumin/protein. (D) SARS-CoV-2 viral load reflected by Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 PCR from sequential nasopharyngeal swabs. LA, largest diameter; DeltaP, change from previous assessment; DX, day in relation to first SARS-CoV-2 detection by PCR (=D0); CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; LOD, level of detection.
fimmu-12-798276-g001.jpg
PMC8721042_04_fimmu-12-798276-g001.jpg
f1
The appearance of circulating antibodies coincided with decreasing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in nasopharyngeal swabs ( Figure 1D ).
PMC8721042_03
Radiologic examinations and laboratory assessments after initiation of pembrolizumab-based treatment during active COVID-19. (A) Exemplary pulmonary infiltrations during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab with ground glass infiltration (I+III), consolidation (II), and mixed ground glass and consolidation (IV+V); (B) change of the tumor target lesions (I) right upper lobe/hilus and (II) TH12 during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab; (C) blood counts, inflammatory markers, and serum albumin/protein. (D) SARS-CoV-2 viral load reflected by Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 PCR from sequential nasopharyngeal swabs. LA, largest diameter; DeltaP, change from previous assessment; DX, day in relation to first SARS-CoV-2 detection by PCR (=D0); CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; LOD, level of detection.
fimmu-12-798276-g001.jpg
PMC8721042_04_fimmu-12-798276-g001.jpg
f1
The appearance of circulating antibodies coincided with decreasing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in nasopharyngeal swabs ( Figure 1D ).
PMC8721042_04
Radiologic examinations and laboratory assessments after initiation of pembrolizumab-based treatment during active COVID-19. (A) Exemplary pulmonary infiltrations during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab with ground glass infiltration (I+III), consolidation (II), and mixed ground glass and consolidation (IV+V); (B) change of the tumor target lesions (I) right upper lobe/hilus and (II) TH12 during SARS-CoV-2 disease course and treatment with pembrolizumab; (C) blood counts, inflammatory markers, and serum albumin/protein. (D) SARS-CoV-2 viral load reflected by Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 PCR from sequential nasopharyngeal swabs. LA, largest diameter; DeltaP, change from previous assessment; DX, day in relation to first SARS-CoV-2 detection by PCR (=D0); CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; LOD, level of detection.
fimmu-12-798276-g001.jpg
PMC8721042_04_fimmu-12-798276-g001.jpg
f1
The appearance of circulating antibodies coincided with decreasing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in nasopharyngeal swabs ( Figure 1D ).
Cellular and humoral immune trajectory during SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune checkpoint inhibition treatment. Cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection were monitored on D9 prior to pembrolizumab infusion, and on D11, D13, D19, D25, and D39 and compared to controls (SARS-CoV-2-positive adult individuals with mild disease and without cancer disease). (A) Serum antibodies (IgM, IgA, and IgG) measured by ELISA (IgA, Euroimmun ELISA; IgM and IgG, Abbott Alinity CMIA) targeting SARS-CoV-2 became detectable by D18 post SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. (B) SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing activity was measured, determined by a lentivirus-based pseudovirus neutralization assay as previously described for serum and purified serum IgG from D25 on. Six patients with mild COVID-19 disease served as control for (A, B) [right panels; sample acquisition D20 to 30 after PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ]. (C) Lymphocyte subsets and their expression of activation/differentiation markers (Plasmablasts [(CD20-CD38high)%CD19+], T follicular helper cells [TFH; PD1+ICOS+], activation status of CD4 and CD8 T cells [HLA-DR+CD38+], and PD1 expression on CD4+ T cells) were determined by flow cytometry. Two subjects with mild COVID-19 disease served as control (sample acquisition for the same period as the patient). Exemplarily, flow cytometry data are shown for CD4+ PD1+ T cells.
fimmu-12-798276-g002.jpg
PMC8721042_05_fimmu-12-798276-g002.jpg
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T follicular helper (Tfh) cells (PD1+ICOS+) showed similar dynamics and initially decreased after ICI initiation, deferredly increasing at D18 ( Figure 2C ).
PMC8721042_05
Cellular and humoral immune trajectory during SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune checkpoint inhibition treatment. Cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection were monitored on D9 prior to pembrolizumab infusion, and on D11, D13, D19, D25, and D39 and compared to controls (SARS-CoV-2-positive adult individuals with mild disease and without cancer disease). (A) Serum antibodies (IgM, IgA, and IgG) measured by ELISA (IgA, Euroimmun ELISA; IgM and IgG, Abbott Alinity CMIA) targeting SARS-CoV-2 became detectable by D18 post SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. (B) SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing activity was measured, determined by a lentivirus-based pseudovirus neutralization assay as previously described for serum and purified serum IgG from D25 on. Six patients with mild COVID-19 disease served as control for (A, B) [right panels; sample acquisition D20 to 30 after PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ]. (C) Lymphocyte subsets and their expression of activation/differentiation markers (Plasmablasts [(CD20-CD38high)%CD19+], T follicular helper cells [TFH; PD1+ICOS+], activation status of CD4 and CD8 T cells [HLA-DR+CD38+], and PD1 expression on CD4+ T cells) were determined by flow cytometry. Two subjects with mild COVID-19 disease served as control (sample acquisition for the same period as the patient). Exemplarily, flow cytometry data are shown for CD4+ PD1+ T cells.
fimmu-12-798276-g002.jpg
PMC8721042_05_fimmu-12-798276-g002.jpg
f2
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells (PD1+ICOS+) showed similar dynamics and initially decreased after ICI initiation, deferredly increasing at D18 ( Figure 2C ).