PMC6611721_01
Aortocoronary fistula ligation. The image shows vascular permeability of the fistula, clearly demonstrated with the uptake of indocyanine green through it.
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The presence of this rare vascular anomaly was confirmed by fluorescence by immediate injection of ICG (dose of 0.2 mg/kg), allowing better visualization and secure ligature ( Fig. 1 ).
PMC6611721_02
Ligation of spermatic vessels in varicocele. After the injection of the contrast, the vessels are filled (arterial and venous) and its correct ligature is verified, thanks to the infrared light of the fluorescence that indicates the vascular tree.
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Thereafter, ligation of the spermatic cord was performed in block, ensuring selection of all vessels and avoiding the section of lymphatics that are not filled in this phase ( Fig. 2 ).
PMC6611721_03
Cholecystectomy. Thanks to the fluorescence, contrast uptake can be observed initially in the cystic artery (A) and later in the cystic duct (C). In the image, we are in a late phase of fluorescence since both structures can be visualized.
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Safe dissection of the bile duct and artery was performed, completing cholecystectomy with total control of all surgical maneuvers ( Fig. 3 ). 
Nephrectomy. The image shows the renal artery (A) and periureteral vessels (U). Without fluorescence, the differentiation between the ureter and the vessels is difficult. Thanks to the fluorescence, we can identify them more easily since the ureter does not present contrast uptake.
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This technique definitively facilitated safe dissection of the renal hilum ( Fig. 4 ). 