PMC4943935_01
A right lateral shoulder radiograph of a patient diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. There is a sclerotic rim at the region of insertion of the capsule and tendons at the proximal humerus and humeral head.
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F1
Radiographs of the affected shoulder revealed severe remodeling, sclerosis, and collapse in the joint space in two patients (Figure 1).
A longitudinal diagnostic ultrasound of the shoulder revealed evidence of significant fibrous scar tissue and disruption of the supraspinatus fiber pattern (red arrows).
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F2
Six of the eight dogs had an initial diagnostic ultrasound of the shoulder that revealed evidence of fibrous scar tissue in all six dogs (Figures 2-4).3 A diagnostic ultrasound of the affected shoulder in one patient revealed significant disruption of the supraspinatus fiber pattern, with shortened, irregular fibers at the insertion.
A cross-sectional diagnostic ultrasound of the shoulder revealed evidence of significant fibrous scar tissue (green arrow), shoulder effusion (blue arrow), and hyperechoic changes of the biceps (red arrow).
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F3
Six of the eight dogs had an initial diagnostic ultrasound of the shoulder that revealed evidence of fibrous scar tissue in all six dogs (Figures 2-4).3 A diagnostic ultrasound of the affected shoulder in one patient revealed significant disruption of the supraspinatus fiber pattern, with shortened, irregular fibers at the insertion.
A longitudinal diagnostic ultrasound image of the shoulder revealed evidence of significant fibrous/periosteal reaction around the whole shoulder joint, including the infraspinatus insertion area (green arrow).
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F4
Six of the eight dogs had an initial diagnostic ultrasound of the shoulder that revealed evidence of fibrous scar tissue in all six dogs (Figures 2-4).3 A diagnostic ultrasound of the affected shoulder in one patient revealed significant disruption of the supraspinatus fiber pattern, with shortened, irregular fibers at the insertion.
This is an MRI T2 sagittal view of a patient diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. There is moderate shoulder effusion and enhancement of the synovial lining of the shoulder, including the portion of the joint capsule that envelops the biceps tendon was present.
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F5
Marked muscle atrophy of the shoulder musculature was noted in all five patients that had MRI of their cervical spine and affected shoulder. Moderate shoulder effusion and enhancement of the synovial lining of the shoulder, including the portion of the joint capsule that envelops the biceps tendon was appreciated in four of the five patients (Figure 5).
In all patients, arthroscopy of the affected shoulder revealed the synovium was inflamed and disrupted.
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F6
The synovium was inflamed and disrupted in all patients, but severe inflammation was noted throughout the synovium of two patients (Figure 6).
Areas of grade III/IV cartilage erosion on Modified Outerbridge Cartilage Scoring System were noted along the caudal humeral head and glenoid during arthroscopy in this patient diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis.
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F7
III-IV/IV cartilage erosion on Modified Outerbridge Cartilage Scoring were noted along the caudal humeral head and glenoid in three patients (Figure 7). In these patients, abrasion arthroplasty was then performed.