PMC3600132_01
Congestive nonpulsating exophthalmos of the left eye.
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fig1
Ocular examination revealed congestive nonpulsating 7 mm exophthalmos of the left eye, measured by Hertel exophthalmometer (Figure 1).
Dilated and tortuous conjunctival vessels.
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fig2
Fundoscopy of the left eye showed slightly dilated and tortuous retinal vessels (Figure 2).
Enlarged cavernous sinuses and dilated left superior ophthalmic vein.
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fig3
The left cavernous sinus was enlarged (Figure 3).
MRA confirmed right temporal arteriovenous malformation with no carotid-cavernous fistula.
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fig4
MRA and carotid four vessels angiogram confirmed right temporal arteriovenous malformation with a nidus of 3.8 cm x 2.5 cm (Figure 4).