PMC6836639_01
(A) Grapevine rooted cutting of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. (x) Inoculation point of a conidia suspension of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, ACEA1, P. chlamydospora and ACEA1, or sterile distilled water. (y) Two centimeters of wood, located 1 cm below the inoculation point, was sampled 3 months post-inoculation, and the wood's mycobiome was examined through metabarcoding (n = 5 for each combination inoculum/treatment). (B) Experimental setup. Each circle represents a set of eight plants that underwent the same treatment. Same colors in the circles represent the same inoculum type, while rectangles represent different treatments. All possible combinations of inoculum and fungicide application by foliar spray are shown.
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Grapevine cuttings were surface disinfected with 70% (v/v) ethanol, and a wound in the wood was produced with the aid of a cork borer (4 mm diameter, 4 mm deep), approximately 1 cm below the green shoot ( Figure 1 ). Each inoculum was delivered in 32 plants ( Figure 1 ). All possible combinations of fungal inoculum and foliar treatment were tested, for a total of 16 combinations, each one consisting of eight biological replicates ( Figure 1 ). Exactly 2 cm of wood was sampled, 1 cm below the inoculation point ( Figure 1 ).
Grapevine rooted cuttings were examined, revealing different degrees of brown wood streaking symptomatology. Category 1, absence of symptoms (A) departing from the inoculation point (x) downwards; Category 2, presence of mild symptomatology (B); Category 3, extensive symptomatology (C). (D) Each category is presented in a different scale of gray, as an average of the observations for each treatment/inoculum (n = 3), where Category 1 is shown in light gray, Category 2 in gray, and Category 3 in dark gray.
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Three categories of symptomatology degree were established: Category 1, absence of wood symptoms; Category 2, presence of brown streaking in proximity of the inoculation point; and Category 3, presence of brown streaking that extended several centimeters from the inoculation point ( Figure 2 ).