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(A-C) Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction images revealed that the tumor invaded into the right internal jugular vein and the right side of the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone. However, the tumor did not adhere to the right common carotid artery. (D and E) Tumor was found to invade the right internal jugular vein during surgery. The vein was removed, while the right common carotid artery was protected.
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The extent of tumor involvement observed during the operation was consistent with the preoperative CAD assessment (Figure 1).
PMC7415464_02
(A-C) Tumor was found to extend deep into the upper mediastinum by CAD and 3D visualization. However, the tumor boundary was found to be distinct. (D and E) Using the imaging data for guidance, the entire tumor was excised successfully through a neck incision.
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The 3D CAD images revealed that the tumor was multi-nodular and extended deep into the superior mediastinum (Figure 2A-C). During the operation, surgeons discovered that multiple nodules fused into a lump of about 13 x 7x 6 cm, and the lower portion of the tumor (8 x 6 x 5 cm) extended into the upper mediastinum (Figure 2D and E).