PMC4258719_01
(a and b) Right and left carotid injections demonstrating an anterior cranial fossa dAVF fed by ethmoidal branches of bilateral ophthalmic arteries, the venous varices, and the venous drainage into the superior sagittal sinus
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F1
The fistula was fed by bilateral ophthalmic arteries via the anterior ethmoidal branches [Figure 1a and b], as well as a frontal branch of the right superficial temporal artery [Figure 2].
Right external carotid injection demonstrating a prominent branch of the superficial temporal artery that contributed to the dAVF
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F2
The fistula was fed by bilateral ophthalmic arteries via the anterior ethmoidal branches [Figure 1a and b], as well as a frontal branch of the right superficial temporal artery [Figure 2].
Left internal carotid injection demonstrating a left carotid ophthalmic aneurysm associated with an anterior cranial fossa dAVF
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F3
IV lesion). Injection of the left ICA also revealed a large, wide-necked, 10-mm carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm [Figure 3] incorporating the parent artery [Figure 4a and b].
(a and b) Multiple projections of a 3D reconstructed angiogram demonstrating the relationship between the proximal, feeder aneurysm and the ophthalmic artery
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F4
IV lesion). Injection of the left ICA also revealed a large, wide-necked, 10-mm carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm [Figure 3] incorporating the parent artery [Figure 4a and b].
Postoperative angiogram demonstrating a normal caliber ophthalmic artery with near-complete resolution of the proximal, feeder aneurysm
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F5
The small, residual aneurysm appeared round with a smooth, regular outline [Figure 5].