PMC8529153_01
Geometric models with identification of the separated and the depressed fragments (A) and by considering bone fragments merged into a single geometry and interfragmentary gaps filled (B). For a visual understanding, a bi-cortical screw is integrated to the model in (A) and a uni-cortical screw is integrated in (B). PMMA cement is integrated in both (A) and (B).
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F1
One segmentation has identification of the fractured bone (Figure 1A), while the other considered the tibial plateau as a single geometry to model an advanced state of bone remodeling with fragments fused and interfragmentary gaps filled (Figure 1B). For scenarios with mobile bone fragments and bonded bone fragments, the geometries of the bone structures were identical, only the contact assumption is different (Figure 1A). For full bone remodeling, a year and more after the surgery, the fragments were considered as fused into a single geometry and interfragmentary gaps filled (Figure 1B).
Mesh and heterogeneous distribution of bone material properties. (A) A coronal plan of the 3D X-ray image. (B) The mesh and the material properties distribution according to the bone density observe through the 3D X-ray image.
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F2
Once the mesh was superimposed on the 3D X-ray image, bone material properties were assigned on each mesh element depending on surrounding bone density (Figure 2).