PMC3878586_01
Superior Vena cava and Subclavian chronic total occlusions
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F1
Repeated cannulation of his central venous system had resulted in complete occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) and both subclavian veins (Figure 1).
SVC balloon angioplasty
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F2
The right subclavian vein was punctured under ultrasound guidance, wired with difficulty and eventually dilated up to 7mm (Figure 2).
Successful recanalisation of the SVC and Subclavian veins
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F3
Recanalization of the SVC and right subclavian was achieved (Figure 3).
Final position of RV, LV and RA pacing leads
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F4
The final lead positions were satisfactory (Figure 4).
PMC3878586_02