PMC5353470_01
Turbulent flow detected at the insertion of left upper pulmonary vein and left lower pulmonary vein seen in modified parasternal short axis view.
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F1
Echocardiography with color Doppler revealed moderate pulmonary artery hypertension (pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 55 mmHg (using Mahan's formula), turbulent, continuous, and high velocity flow consistent with severe stenosis of both left superior and inferior pulmonary vein and also right inferior pulmonary vein as viewed in modified parasternal short axis view [Figure 1].
A pressure gradient detected at the level of insertion of right inferior pulmonary vein in apical four-chamber view.
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F2
A pressure gradient of 32 mmHg was documented at the insertion of right inferior pulmonary vein in left atrium in apical four-chamber view [Figure 2].
Stenosis is seen in distal part of right pulmonary artery.
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F3
A stenosis of the right pulmonary artery was also detected distal to the bifurcation of main pulmonary artery [Figure 3].
Pressure gradient at the level of right pulmonary artery in parasternal short axis view.
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F4
A pressure gradient of approximately 100 mmHg was observed at the level of the right pulmonary artery in parasternal short axis view [Figure 4].