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A and B Coronal reconstructions of CT angiography demonesrating flow through the renocaval fistula with contrast seen in the dilated inferior vena cava.
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The IVC was significantly dilated with early filling (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
Intraoperative angiographic images depecting contrast escape from the renal artery to the dilated infferior vena cava.
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AVF was about 1.5 cm from the origin of the right renal artery with early IVC filling and poor renal parenchymal opacification (Fig. 3). A covered stent Gore  Viabahn  , size 7 x 38 was deployed successfully. The completion angiogram confirmed optimum positioning of the endoprosthesis without any dissection and complete sealing of AVF (Fig. 3).
Post-operative 3D reconstruction of the right renal artery covered stent with absent flow to the vena cava following successful fistula covering.
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She was followed up annually for 8 years with a CTA or duplex ultrasound which showed a patent stent with no migration, and normal duplex hemodynamic of renal artery and vein [Fig. 4].