PMC7450353_01
Multiphase CT examination on admission and after stent placement. (a) Sagittal multiplanar reformatted (MPR) image showing the absence of the prerenal segment of the caudal vena cava (CVC) with azygos continuation (Az). The asterisk indicates the diaphragmatic crura; rtRV: right renal vein. (b) Dorsal MPR image. Note the thrombus in the right renal vein (arrow) and engorged left renal vein (ltRV). (c) Transverse view after stent placement. Ao: descending aorta. (d) Dorsal MPR after stent placement. Note the normally perfused right renal vein. The left one is still enlarged. The arrowhead indicates the enlarged left gonadal vein (not enhanced).
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fig1
Again, there was a 15 mm filling defect in the right renal vein and multiple, small filling defects in the left renal vein lumen (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)). There were no signs of thrombosis (Figures 1(c), 1(d), 2(c) and 2(d)).
(a) Volume rendering image from CT data from right point of view. Note the stenosis of the CVC at the thoracoabdominal passage. (b) Quantification of the vessel characteristics at this level. (c) VR image, right point of view, after stent placement. (d) Note the uniform, reduced CVC diameter.
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At the diaphragmatic passage, the anomalous vascular channel showed more than 50% of reduction in diameter (Figures 2(c) and 2(d)). There were no signs of thrombosis (Figures 1(c), 1(d), 2(c) and 2(d)).
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images from selective venography for stent placement under fluoroscopic guidance: (a, b) ventrodorsal and laterolateral views and (c) right lateral view, after stent placement. Note the normalization of the cava shape.
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fig3
The venography allowed identifying the vascular stenosis at the diaphragmatic level (Figure 3).