PMC9889823_01
Preprocedural planning and simulation: (A) anatomical identification of PLSVC by CT; (B) three-dimensional reconstruction of the cardiac structures; (C) detection of the PLSVC and simulation of the thoracoscopic ablation using virtual reality tools. Surgeons' views can be obtained on this platform, and the 3D model can be zoomed in or out in a 360-degree version. The red triangle indicates left atrial appendage, the red arrow indicates right superior vena cava and the red asterisk indicates PLSVC.
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F1
Further computed tomography (CT) confirmed the identification of PLSVC (Figure 1A). Then three-dimensional reconstruction of cardiac structures was performed using the obtained CT images to visualize the anatomical features (Figure 1B). Therefore, a preprocedural simulation of thoracoscopic ablation using virtual reality was performed and it verified the feasibility of the thoracoscopic approach (Figure 1C).
Surgical strategy (A) and thoracoscopic view of left atrial appendage excision and ablation of PLSVC (B, C). The red triangle indicates left atrial appendage and the red asterisk indicates PLSVC.
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F2
The lesion set was shown in Figure 2A. The left atrial appendage was completely resected with a stapler (Figure 2B). By steering clear of the PLSVC, the AtriCure bipolar isolator was inserted through the left inferior pulmonary vein, and the left pulmonary vein was then ablated six times (Figure 2C).