PMC9467459_01
Transthoracic echocardiography showing a ventricular septal defect (VSD), and a severe mitral regurgitation.
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Transthoracic echocardiography objectified severe aortic valve regurgitation with mobile vegetations, left-to-right shunt through an infundibular ventricular septal defect (VSD) (Fig. 1), severe mitral valve regurgitation; a poor left ventricular ejection fraction (40%), and a pulmonary hypertension (72 mmHg).
Connection between the left superior vena cava (LSVC) and the left superior pulmonary vein, which drains into the left atrium. Exposure of the totally extrapericardial path of the LSVC after wide opening of the left pleura.
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This allowed us to discover an exceptional variety of LSVC draining into the LSPV, which enters the pericardium to drain into the LA (Fig. 2).
Connection between the left superior vena cava and the innominate vein. which is of normal size. Note the presence of a right superior vena cava draining into the right atrium.
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As this LSVC communicated with a left innominate vein of normal size (Fig. 3), we ligated it at both ends.