PMC3413334_01
Fundus photographs of fluorescein angiography (A and
C) and indocyanine green angiography (B and
D) of case 1. Although no abnormality was observed in
either eye by fluorescein angiography ((A) right eye,
(C) left eye), several hypofluorescent regions were
observed by indocyanine green angiography (arrows in (B and
D), (B): right eye, (D): left
eye).
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Figure 1 shows images of the FA and ICGA of case 1. No abnormal regions were observed in the fundus with FA (Figure 1A and C), but there were several regions with a slight hypofluorescence by ICGA (arrows in Figure 1B and D).
Fundus photographs of the right eye of case 1 by reflectance of a
near-infrared monochromatic light resistance (A), near-infrared
fundus autofluorescence (B), color fundus photograph
(C), and optical coherence tomography (D).
Near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (B) shows similar
hyperfluorescent regions at locations identical to those revealed by
near-infrared monochromatic light resistance (A).. Note: An optical coherence tomography image crossing the bright
patchy regions (arrow in Figure
2A) shows an irregular hyper-reflectance focus in the choroid
(arrows in Figure 2D).. Abbreviations: N, nasal; T, temporal.
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NIR-R revealed many bright patchy regions in the posterior pole of both eyes in case 1 (the right eye is shown in Figure 2A). NIR-AF demonstrated hyperfluorescent regions of similar sizes at fundus locations identical to those where the bright patchy regions were detected by NIR-R (Figure 2B), although there was no apparent abnormality in a color fundus photograph (Figure 2C). An OCT image crossing the bright patchy regions showed an irregular hyper-reflective region in the choroid, although there was no abnormality in the retinal structures, such as the inner segment and outer segment junction line (Figure 2D).
Fundus photographs of the right eye by indocyanine green angiography
(A), fluorescein angiography (B), color fundus
photograph (C), near-infrared monochromatic light resistance
(D), optical coherence tomography image (E),
and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (F) of case 2. Arrows
in Figure 3A show
hypofluorescent regions by indocyanine green angiography. Arrows in Figure 3B show
hyperfluorescent regions by fluorescein angiography. An optical coherence
tomography image crossing the bright patchy regions (arrow in Figure 3D) shows an irregular
hyporeflectance focus in the choroid (arrows in Figure 3E). Near-infrared fundus
autofluorescence (F) shows hyperfluorescent regions of similar
sizes at locations identical to those revealed by near-infrared
monochromatic light resistance (D).. Abbreviations: N, nasal; T, temporal.
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ICGA and hyperfluorescence in the posterior pole due to RPE alterations in FA (arrows in Figure 3A and B). In a color fundus photograph, color changes due to RPE alterations were observed (Figure 3C). In Figure 3D, NIR-R revealed multiple bright patchy regions, characteristic of NF1, in the posterior pole of the right eye of case 2. An OCT image showed an irregular hyporeflective region in the choroid crossing at the bright patchy region, and no abnormal changes were observed in the retinal structure (Figure 3E). As in case 1, similar hyperfluorescent regions at fundus locations identical to those shown by NIR-R were observed with NIR-AF (Figure 3F).
Fundus photographs of the left eye by near-infrared monochromatic light
resistance (A), near-infrared fundus autofluorescence
(B), optical coherence tomography (C), and
color fundus photograph (D) of case 3. An optical coherence
tomography image crossing the bright patchy regions (arrow in Figure 4A) shows an irregular
hyper-reflectance focus in the choroid (Figure 4C).. Abbreviations: I, inferior; S, superior.
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Case 3 also revealed bright patchy regions in the posterior pole of the left eye with NIR-R (Figure 4A), and hyperfluorescent regions of similar sizes were detected with NIR-AF (Figure 4B). An OCT image showed an irregular hyper-reflective region in the choroid crossing at the bright patchy region, but there was no abnormality in the retinal structure (Figure 4C). Figure 4D showed a color fundus photograph without apparent abnormality.