PMC2293962_01
Transfemoral digital subtraction angiography of the stenosed brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) and of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) before (A) and after (B) stent assisted angioplasty. The complex pattern of collateral flow is depicted in C-F: 1) to the left vertebral artery (VA) via a left sided subclavian steal with flow reversal of the ascending cervical artery (asc. ca) and thyrocervical trunk (TCT) and 2) to the contralateral internal carotid artery (RICA) via numerous collaterals from the left external carotid artery (LECA) crossing the midline such as the left and the right superficial temporal artery (LSTA and RSTA). The direction of blood flow is indicated by arrows. Large arrows indicate chronological order.
vhrm0303-351-01.jpg
PMC2293962_01_vhrm0303-351-01.jpg
fig1
A complex pattern of collateralization is illustrated in Figure 1.
PMC2293962_02