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PMC10310466_02
Left subclavian vein occlusion (blue arrow) demonstrated by venogram through the left arm and right femoral approach. IJV = internal jugular vein. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article).
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Her left upper limb swelling had started a year previously, and a conventional venogram confirmed left central vein stenosis (Fig. 1).
Ulcers on the left arm and forearm due to severe venous hypertension.
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Her venous hypertension became severe throughout the year, and she developed ulcers on the arm and forearm (Figs. 2 and 3A).
(A) Marked swelling of left upper limb prior to vein-vein bypass. (B) Significant reduction of left upper limb swelling a month after surgery.
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Her venous hypertension became severe throughout the year, and she developed ulcers on the arm and forearm (Figs. 2 and 3A). In the clinic, her BCF flow rate was 1.8 L/min, the graft flow rate was 1.2 mL/min, and the upper limb swelling had markedly improved (Fig. 3B).