PMC9024105_01
Photo of the front of the face of the 7-day-old male Holstein calf, showing the enlarged eyeball (arrow) protruding from the right eye-socket.
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F1
A 7-day-old male Holstein calf presented with progressive exophthalmos of the right eye, soon after birth (Figure 1).
Ultrasonographic images of the left eye (A) and right eye (B), showing the larger size of the right eyeball compared with that of the left eyeball. A 2-cm-thick echogenic parenchymal lesion (asterisk) is evident together with a floating membrane-like structure (arrow) in the anterior side of the right eyeball.
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F2
Application of a 10.0 MHz linear transducer to the left eyeball revealed a normal structure comprising the echogenic cornea, the anechoic lens lined by the echogenic anterior and posterior lens capsules, and anechoic vitreous fluid inside the hyperechoic scleroretinal rim (Figure 2A). Ultrasonogram of the right eyeball, an ~2-cm-thick heterogenic echogenic lesion was evident in the anterior region (Figure 2B).
Dorsal T1-weighted (A), T2-weighted (B), and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (C) magnetic resonance images, showing the presence of the thickened parenchymal lesion (asterisks) located in the anterior region of the enlarged eyeball. Oblique sagittal T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the left eye (D,E) and the right eye (F,G), showing the optic nerves running within the retrobulbar region. The hypointense structure (arrow) is seen in the front and lower side of the hyperintense anterior lesion within the right eye. Scale: 10 mm.
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F3
In the dorsal MRIs, a half-moon-shaped lesion with a maximum thickness of 2.1 cm was present in the anterior region of the right eyeball (Figures 3A-C). The signal intensity of the lesion was homogeneously isointense compared with the peripheral soft tissues (the ocular muscles and brain structure) in T1-weighted images (Figure 3A); hyperintense (identical with those of the vitreous fluid) in T2-weighted images (Figure 3B); and hyperintense compared with the peripheral soft tissues and the vitreous fluid in FLAIR images (Figure 3C). The oblique sagittal MRIs were constructed parallel with the line passing from the origin of the optic nerve to the optic chiasm (Figures 3D-G). The hypointense structures of the optic nerve and the ocular muscles were clearly enhanced by the hyperintense peripheral structures, including the fat tissue, in the T1- and T2-weighted images. The optic nerve ran almost straight within the retrobulbar region and curved upward to enter the brain via the optic chiasm in the left eye (Figures 3D,E). In the right eye, no abnormalities of the optic nerve, such as swelling and curvature due to retrobulbar mass, were evident (Figures 3F,G).
The cut surface of the affected right eye (A) and the histological sections of the lens-like structure (B), the thickened anterior structure (C), and the iris (D). In (A) a 1-cm-diameter, whitish, globular lens structure (asterisk) is located on the subcornea. The structures of the iris are present (arrowheads). Scale bar = 1 mm. In (B), marked degeneration of the lens (asterisk) is attached to the fibro-vascular tissues (arrowheads). In (C), corneal tissue is thickened (arrow) and shows marked infiltration of neutrophils and fibroblastic cells (right-side). The surface is ulcerated and necrotic (upper region). The inner corneal epithelium cannot be identified. Hemorrhagic changes are also visible in the lower left-side of the photo (anterior chamber). In (D), the atrophic iris (arrowheads) and ciliary body are seen. Exudate and some neutrophils are observed in the iridocorneal angle (arrow). (B) bar = 200 mum; (C) bar = 200 mum; (D) bar = 500 mum.
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F4
The cut surface revealed an anterior chamber region containing soft, yellowish tissue and a round, whitish globe (the atrophied lens) (Figure 4A). Microscopically, the lens showed marked degeneration with coagulation and cleaved substances (Figure 4B). The cornea was thickened by severe infiltration of neutrophils and showed signs of degeneration and necrosis (Figure 4C). The iris was thin; however, its structure was conserved, including the iridocorneal angles and ciliary bodies (Figure 4D).