PMC2682406_01
PMC2682406_02
PMC2682406_03
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for maximum isometric tongue pressure measurements (in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the anterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case A. The dotted line shows, for reference, the normative values for maximum anterior isometric tongue pressure generation in healthy older males reported by.
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These changes are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, for which the mean and standard deviations of each session's isometric pressure measurements are represented by the white data points and error bars, and the reported normative value from the literature is shown by the dotted line on the chart.
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for maximum isometric tongue pressure measurements (in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the posterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case A. The dotted line shows, for reference, the normative values for maximum posterior isometric tongue pressure generation in healthy older males reported by.
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These changes are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, for which the mean and standard deviations of each session's isometric pressure measurements are represented by the white data points and error bars, and the reported normative value from the literature is shown by the dotted line on the chart.
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the anterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case A.
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Although he improved slightly by the end of his treatment to produce pressures on accuracy tasks with mean values within 5 kPa of target no particular trend is appreciable from plots of these measures across the course of therapy (Figures 3 and 4).
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the anterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case A.
cia-3-735f4.jpg
PMC2682406_03_cia-3-735f4.jpg
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Although he improved slightly by the end of his treatment to produce pressures on accuracy tasks with mean values within 5 kPa of target no particular trend is appreciable from plots of these measures across the course of therapy (Figures 3 and 4).
Mean anterior tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target, measured in kilopascals), is shown as a percentage of the maximum isometric anterior tongue pressure measured (in kilopascals) in the corresponding treatment session for Case A. The linear trend line shows the pattern of change across the course of treatment.
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This representation can be seen in Figures 5 and 6 for Case A, with a trend line showing an overall downward pattern, ie, an improvement in tongue pressure accuracy relative to strength, for both bulb positions over the course of treatment.
Mean posterior tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target, measured in kilopascals), is shown as a percentage of the maximum isometric posterior tongue pressure measured (in kilopascals) in the corresponding treatment session for Case A. The linear trend line shows the pattern of change across the course of treatment.
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This representation can be seen in Figures 5 and 6 for Case A, with a trend line showing an overall downward pattern, ie, an improvement in tongue pressure accuracy relative to strength, for both bulb positions over the course of treatment.
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for maximum isometric tongue pressure measurements (in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the anterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case B. The dotted line shows, for reference, the normative values for maximum anterior isometric tongue pressure generation in healthy older males reported by.
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Figures 7 and 8, Case B began his treatment with isometric pressure measures well below the reported norms for both the anterior and posterior bulb locations. Furthermore, up until the midpoint of therapy, Case B showed little change in these isometric strength measures.
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for maximum isometric tongue pressure measurements (in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the posterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case B. The dotted line shows, for reference, the normative values for maximum posterior isometric tongue pressure generation in healthy older males reported by.
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Figures 7 and 8, Case B began his treatment with isometric pressure measures well below the reported norms for both the anterior and posterior bulb locations. Furthermore, up until the midpoint of therapy, Case B showed little change in these isometric strength measures.
Mean anterior tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target, measured in kilopascals), is shown as a percentage of the maximum isometric anterior tongue pressure measured (in kilopascals) in the corresponding treatment session for Case B. The linear trend line shows the pattern of change across the course of treatment.
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Figure 9 illustrates an increase in volatility for anterior pressure accuracy as his strength measures improved, whereas his accuracy for the posterior bulb location improved across the course of therapy (Figure 10).
Mean posterior tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target, measured in kilopascals), is shown as a percentage of the maximum isometric posterior tongue pressure measured (in kilopascals) in the corresponding treatment session for Case B. The linear trend line shows the pattern of change across the course of treatment.
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Figure 9 illustrates an increase in volatility for anterior pressure accuracy as his strength measures improved, whereas his accuracy for the posterior bulb location improved across the course of therapy (Figure 10).
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for maximum isometric tongue pressure measurements (in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the anterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case C. The dotted line shows, for reference, the normative values for maximum anterior isometric tongue pressure generation in healthy older males reported by.
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As shown in Figures 11 and 12, this patient showed the slowest change in average isometric pressures.
Means (with standard deviations shown by error bars) for maximum isometric tongue pressure measurements (in kilopascals), collected with the IOPI bulb in the posterior position, are shown across the course of treatment for Case B. The dotted line shows, for reference, the normative values for maximum posterior isometric tongue pressure generation in healthy older males reported by.
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As shown in Figures 11 and 12, this patient showed the slowest change in average isometric pressures.
Mean anterior tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target, measured in kilopascals), is shown as a percentage of the maximum isometric anterior tongue pressure measured (in kilopascals) in the corresponding treatment session for Case C. The linear trend line shows the pattern of change across the course of treatment.
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Accuracy, represented relative to isometric strength, showed a trend towards improvement for both bulb positions across the course of treatment (Figures 13 and 14).
Mean posterior tongue pressure accuracy (ie, distance from a specified target, measured in kilopascals), is shown as a percentage of the maximum isometric posterior tongue pressure measured (in kilopascals) in the corresponding treatment session for Case C. The linear trend line shows the pattern of change across the course of treatment.
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Accuracy, represented relative to isometric strength, showed a trend towards improvement for both bulb positions across the course of treatment (Figures 13 and 14).