PMC7640547_01
Right SVC angiogram showed small bridging vein with good size left SVC draining into left atrium (Lt =left, Rt. =right, SVC =superior vena cava, LA =left atrium, RA =right atrium).
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Diagnostic cardiac catheterization besides delineating further the anatomy, has confirmed PLSVC drainage to the LA (Fig. 1).
a. Intra-operative contrast bubble TEE study from left-arm showed left SVC draining to the left atrium just near the base of left atrial appendage before left SVC ligation. (LA =left atrium, RA =right atrium, LSVC =left superior vena cava). b. Contrast bubble intra-operative TEE study from left-arm showed normal drainage of the left innominate vein to the right SVC to the right atrium after left SVC ligation. (RA =right atrium, RV =right ventricle).
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Therefore, a bubble contrasts transesophagial echocardiography (TEE) was done from the left-arm vein, which showed clear crossing of the bubble contrast to the LA confirming the drainage of PLSVC into the LA (Fig. 2a and b).
PMC7640547_02
Contrast bubble TTE study from left-arm showed left SVC abnormally draining into the left side of the common atrium at the base of the left atrial appendage. (LA =left atrium, LSVC =left superior vena cava, AV valve =atrioventricular valve).
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Bubble contrast echocardiography was done from left-arm confirming that LSVC draining into the left side of the common atrium just at the base of the left atrial appendage (Fig. 3).