PMC5394212_01
Top, left: CT scan (sagittal, coronar): intracaval mass extending into IVC.
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PMC5394212_01_gr1.jpg
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The CT scan showed a mass occluding the right internal iliac vein which extended into the IVC (Fig. 1).
Intraoperative site. a: proximal inferior vena cava. b: inferior vena cava with protruding thrombus through cavotomy. c: distal inferior vena cava.
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PMC5394212_01_gr2.jpg
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This was followed by venotomy of the IVC, the thrombus protruding out of the vessel upon cavotomy (Fig. 2).
Intraoperative site. a: intravascular tumor, extracted from inferior vena cava.
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PMC5394212_01_gr3.jpg
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Figs. 3, 4.
Resections. From top tp bottom: wall adherent thrombus in internal iliac vein; freely floating intracaval thrombus (extracted cranially to cavotomy); wall adherent thrombus (extracted from vena cava); freely floating caval thrombus, protruding upon venotomy.
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PMC5394212_01_gr4.jpg
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Figs. 3, 4.