PMC7247723_01
(A) Wide field fundus photography of the right eye, showing normal appearing retina and optic nerve. (B) Fundus photograph of the left eye showing cherry red spot in left eye with attached retina.
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Fundus examination of the left eye showed attenuation of small arterioles at the posterior pole with cherry red spot (Figure 1A and B).
(A) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of left eye showing macular thickening due to edema of inner retinal layers. (B) SD-OCT image of the subject's left eye after three weeks of onset of central retinal artery occlusion, before HBOT was given, showing resolution of the macular edema and thinning of inner retinal layers.
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Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) evaluation showed parafoveal inner/middle retinal hyperreflectivity suggestive of inner retinal edema (Figure 2A). SD-OCT showed retinal thinning due to loss of inner retinal layers (Figure 2B).
(A) Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) image of the subject's left eye showing macular ischemia and multiple fat emboli (blue arrows). (B) An FFA picture of the subject's left eye showing resolution of the emboli with establishment of re-circulation.
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A fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA) revealed delayed transits (~16 seconds) in the left eye with multiple fat emboli (Figure 3A, blue arrows) and irregular foveal hypofluorescence due to inner retinal edema in macular region. FFA showed normal vasculature and the emboli were not seen (Figure 3B).
(A) Humphrey visual field (HVF, threshold 24-2) of the left eye three days after central retinal artery occlusion showing generalized loss of sensitivity. (B) HVF 24-2 of the left eye three weeks after completion of hyperbaric oxygen therapy showing gain of temporal field and expansion of field inferior to disc.. Abbreviations: POS, positive; NEG, negative; GHT, glaucoma hemifield test; VFI, visual field index; PD, pattern deviation; PSD, pattern standard deviation.
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A Humphrey visual field (HVF, 24-2 threshold test) in the left eye showed VFI of 1% with severe depression of field (Figure 4A). A 24-2 HVF showed VFI of 2% with persistent severely depressed fields, however there was small gain of temporal island of vision (noted on grey scale of HVF; Figure 4B).