PMC2808568_01
T2-weighted axial and sagittal magnetic resonance images show a dilated superior ophthalmic vein (arrows).
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F1
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed dilated superior ophthalmic vein in the left orbit (Fig. 1), suggesting a traumatic CCF.
Non contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan shows a large amount of hematoma in the left frontal base.
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F2
A brain CT scan revealed a large amount of hematoma in left frontal base (Fig. 2).
Left internal carotid artery angiogram in lateral projection, showing direct CCF with drainage into sigmoid sinus (short arrow), superior ophthalmic vein (long arrow) and inferior ophthalmic vein (arrowhead), and dilated subfrontal pial veins (open arrow).
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F3
A left carotid angiogram demonstrated direct CCF with drainage into sigmoid sinus via inferior petrosal sinus, superior ophthalmic vein and inferior ophthalmic vein, and showed dilated subfrontal pial veins (Fig. 3).
Follow-up angiogram after the transarterial embolization shows a complete occlusion of CCF.
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F4
A follow-up left carotid angiogram showed a complete occlusion of fistula (Fig. 4).