PMC4357078_01
(a). 3D view of the patients' mandible (arrows indicate mental foramina), (b) main (distal) and accessory (mesial) mental foramina on the right side, (c) main (middle) and accessory foramina (most medial and most distal) of the left side and (d) lingual accessory mental foramen on the ride side (arrow). MF: Mental foramen, AMF: Accessory mental foramen
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F1
A 62-year-old patient referred was found to have one main MF and two AMF with buccal emergence on the left side [Figure 1a and b]. Examination of the right side revealed two mental foramina with buccal opening and one with lingual emergence [Figure 1c and d].
(a-d) Communication of lingual AMF with IANC and buccal MF. Reconstruction of four continuous cross-sectional images. MF: Mental foramen, AMF: Accessory mental foramen, IANC: Inferior alveolar nerve canal
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F2
This lingual mental foramen was in communication with the main IANC and MF and a crestal extension of IANC [Figure 2].
(a) Panoramic view of patient's mandible. Note multiple branching incisive nerve on both sides with crestal extension. (b-d) Communications of the upper and lower lingual foramina and a crestal opening. Reconstruction of three continuous cross-sectional images. LF: Lingual foramen, ALF: Accessory lingual foramen
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F3
As evident in the panorama view, a communicating neural bundle existed between mental foramina, incisive canals and crestal opening of their vertical extension [Figure 3].
PMC4357078_02
(a) Frontal view of the buccal emergence of the incisive nerve at the midline mandible (arrows), (b-d) communications of buccal and lingual (lingual foramen) exit paths of the incisive nerve and reconstruction of three continuous cross-sectional images. Lingual foramina and a crestal opening. Reconstruction of three continuous cross-sectional images. LF: Lingual foramen, ALF: Accessory lingual foramen. AF: Accessory foramen with buccal emergence paths
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F4
Investigating a 60-year-old patient in symphysis mentalis from the lingual side revealed two LF with two additional openings [Table 1 and Figure 4].