PMC9336581_01
Muscles of the lower face which contribute to an individual's resting and dynamic expressions. Published with permission from Illustrator Levent Efe.
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PMC9336581_01_ojac034_fig1.jpg
F1
The lateral border of the DAO is adjacent to the risorius, zygomaticus major, and platysma muscles, and inadvertent injection/diffusion lateral of the DAO leads to loss of treatment effect (Figure 1).
A 31-year-old female patient (A) before and (B) 8 weeks after botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection to correct slight facial asymmetry.
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F2
Figure 3 demonstrates before and after (2 weeks postinjection) pictures of injection of the DAO and mentalis in a patient without significant platysma involvement.
A 58-year-old female (A, C) before and (B, D) 2 weeks after injection of the mentalis and depressor anguli oris without significant involvement of the platysma. Each dot signifies injection of 2.5 U of incobotulinum toxin A.
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F3
Figure 3 demonstrates before and after (2 weeks postinjection) pictures of injection of the DAO and mentalis in a patient without significant platysma involvement.
PMC9336581_02
A 31-year-old female patient (A) before and (B) 8 weeks after botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection to correct slight facial asymmetry.
ojac034_fig2.jpg
PMC9336581_02_ojac034_fig2.jpg
F2
Figure 3 demonstrates before and after (2 weeks postinjection) pictures of injection of the DAO and mentalis in a patient without significant platysma involvement.
A 58-year-old female (A, C) before and (B, D) 2 weeks after injection of the mentalis and depressor anguli oris without significant involvement of the platysma. Each dot signifies injection of 2.5 U of incobotulinum toxin A.
ojac034_fig3.jpg
PMC9336581_02_ojac034_fig3.jpg
F3
Figure 3 demonstrates before and after (2 weeks postinjection) pictures of injection of the DAO and mentalis in a patient without significant platysma involvement.
PMC9336581_03
PMC9336581_04
A 65-year-old female (A, C) before and (B, D) 4 weeks after injection with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in the depressor anguli oris and platysma along the mandibular border to reduce the tensioning effect of the platysma fibers on the lower face. Each dot signifies injection of 2.5 U of incobotulinum toxin A.
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F4
BoNT-A treatment of the platysma along the lower lateral jaw line relaxes this depressor muscle, relieving downward tension, and indirectly elevating the lower face (Figures 4, 5).
A 70-year-old female (A, C) before and (B, D) 2 weeks after injection with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in the depressor anguli oris and mandibular border to reduce the tensioning effect of the platysma fibers. Each dot signifies injection of 2.5 U of incobotulinum toxin A.
ojac034_fig5.jpg
PMC9336581_04_ojac034_fig5.jpg
F5
BoNT-A treatment of the platysma along the lower lateral jaw line relaxes this depressor muscle, relieving downward tension, and indirectly elevating the lower face (Figures 4, 5).
PMC9336581_05