PMC4677094_01
Both control (a) and TGA (b) anatomies are generated from CMR data (center). The exact same 3D volumes are manufactured with rapid prototyping (left) and meshed for computational simulations (right). Please note typical features of TGA anatomy, particularly the enlarged aortic root with a visible protrusion. AAo = ascending aorta; DAo = descending aorta; MPA = main pulmonary artery.
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F1
The anatomy was derived from the CMR examination (3D wholeheart dataset) of a 15-year-old male patient with repaired TGA (Figure 1).
(A) Arrangement of compliant (C) and resistive (R) elements in the in vitro setup, as air chambers and metered taps, respectively, also showing the 3D rapid-prototyped model (TGA patient in the picture), the pump, and the atrial chamber implementing atrial pressure (Patrium). (B) Arrangement for corresponding multi-scale CFD simulation, including 3D volume of TGA patient, coupled with lumped parameter network summarizing the remainder of the system. Each outlet is simulated with a non-linear and linear resistor in series. Ci/Ri = compliance/resistance for innominate artery; Cc/Rc = compliance/resistance for carotid artery; Cs/Rs = compliance/resistance for subclavian artery; Cd/Rd = compliance/resistance for descending aorta; Ct/Rt = terminal compliance/resistance; Patrium = atrial pressure.
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F2
The LPN representing the experimental circuit is summarized in Figure 2B.