PMC10175057_01
PMC10175057_02
PMC10175057_03
PMC10175057_04
Changes in apprenticeship starts by level, sector and post-apprenticeship pay, England 2014-2018 (Henehan, p. 11).. Notes Bubble size represents the share of apprenticeship starts taken up by each type of programme in 2014/15; pay refers to median pay that apprentices who finished their programmes in 2012/13 received in 2015/16. Newer programmes, including most at Levels 6 and 7, are excluded from this analysis because there were not enough apprentices completing these programmes in 2012/13 to allow for an analysis of post-apprenticeship earnings. UK median annual pay was GBP 23,084 (nominal) in 2015/16 (ibid.)
11159_2023_9996_Fig1_HTML.jpg
PMC10175057_04_11159_2023_9996_Fig1_HTML.jpg
Fig1
Henehan confirms this, but disputes that this shift is due to the levy, highlighting that regulatory reforms have led to the decline of lower quality programmes. Henehan (ibid.) contends that apprenticeships have moved from lower-level programmes, usually with lower pay, to higher-level programmes associated with higher pay, as illustrated in Figure 1.
PMC10175057_05
Hounslow apprenticeship starts, 2010-2020 (London Councils)
11159_2023_9996_Fig2_HTML.jpg
PMC10175057_05_11159_2023_9996_Fig2_HTML.jpg
Fig2
In Hounslow, the number of apprenticeship starts have been largely in decline, even prior to the introduction of the levy in 2017, and after a brief rise in 2019, this decline was exacerbated by the pandemic (see Figure 2).
Hounslow apprenticeships by age, 2018-2020 (London Borough of Hounslow)
11159_2023_9996_Fig3_HTML.jpg
PMC10175057_05_11159_2023_9996_Fig3_HTML.jpg
Fig3
This decline is spread across all age groups (16-18, 19-24 and 25+); see Figure 3, and qualification levels (intermediate, advanced and higher); see Figure 4.
Hounslow apprenticeship starts by level, 2018-2020 (London Borough of Hounslow)
11159_2023_9996_Fig4_HTML.jpg
PMC10175057_05_11159_2023_9996_Fig4_HTML.jpg
Fig4
This decline is spread across all age groups (16-18, 19-24 and 25+); see Figure 3, and qualification levels (intermediate, advanced and higher); see Figure 4. The decline in Hounslow apprenticeship starts by level between 2018 and 2020 (shown in Figure 4) suggests that there is a reduced number of opportunities to compete for, but also a barrier to accessing opportunities allowing entry to better-paid work.
Hounslow apprenticeship starts by sector and levels 2019-20 (London Borough of Hounslow)
11159_2023_9996_Fig5_HTML.jpg
PMC10175057_05_11159_2023_9996_Fig5_HTML.jpg
Fig5
Figure 5 shows the number of Hounslow apprenticeship starts by sector and levels 2019-20.
PMC10175057_06