PMC4492938_01
Case 1: a 25-year-old woman from Eldoret, Kenya. A) Swelling of left finger; B) Papule on right cheek; C) Vascular proliferation surrounded by inflamed, fibrotic stroma; D) Warthin-Starry stain highlights stubby bacilli within the stroma of vascular proliferation.
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F1
HIV-infected Kenyan woman presented with red-purple dome-shaped papules on the face and swelling of her left third finger (Figure 1A and B). Her most recent CD4 count, performed in July 2008, was 93 cells/mm3.
PMC4492938_02
Case 2: a 29-year-old female from Mbarara, Uganda. A) 10cm crusted dome-shaped tumor on the upper arm; B) Irregular epidermal hyperplasia with parakeratosis overlying and inflamed vascular dermal proliferation with fibrotic stroma; C) An HHV-8 stain for latent nuclear antigen of human herpesvirus-8 shows lack of nuclear immunopositivity.
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F2
In January 2009, a 29-year-old Ugandan woman with unknown HIV status presented with a 10-cm dome-shaped crusted deep red lesion on the right upper arm (Figure 2A). At UCSF, the histopathologic examination revealed an irregular epidermal hyperplasia with parakeratosis (Figure 2B and C).
PMC4492938_03
Case 3: a 22 year-old female from Kampala, Uganda. A) Site of first biopsy, papule on chest; B) Site of second biopsy, papule on left thigh, called KS by local pathologist, later BA by UCSF dermatopathologists; C) Site of 3rd biopsy, papule on left upper arm; D) from lesion B: Nodular vascular proliferation within deep reticular dermis; E) From lesion B: Nodular vascular proliferation within deep reticular dermis; F) From lesion B: High-power view of Warthin-Starry stain.
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F3
A 22-year-old HIV-infected woman was referred to a clinical trial for KS in Uganda in July 2008 with multiple deep-purple papules and plaques on her face, trunk, and extremities (Figure 3A-C). After the patient's death, the second biopsy was later interpreted by a dermatopathologist at UCSF and demonstrated a nodular vascular proliferation within the deep reticular dermis (Figure 3D-F).