PMC4147630_01
(a) Computer tomographic scan (axial view) showing retroperitoneal tumor, invading into the IVC. (b) Computer tomographic scan (coronal view) showing the retroperitoneal tumor, invading into the IVC.
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Computer tomography (CT) scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis (Fig. 1a and b) showed a retroperitoneal mass measuring 7.6 cm by 7.0 cm by 4.0 cm in the right renal fossa, contiguous with the anterior aspect of the paravertebral muscle, with invasion into the inferior vena cava, right adrenal gland and right psoas muscle.
Intraoperative view of the retroperitoneal tumor and surrounding structures from top clockwise: liver (black arrow), abdominal aorta (white arrow), tied renal artery (gray arrow), IVC tumor (blue arrow), proximal segment of the IVC double clamped (yellow arrow). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
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IVC. Intra-operatively, a large tumor was found involving the IVC, extending caudally to just above the confluence of the iliac veins and superiorly to just below the insertion of the hepatic veins, lateral to the aorta, and medial to the psoas muscle (Fig. 2).