PMC5465415_01
(a) A computed tomography image showing right mastoiditis (arrow). (b) A T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance image showing thickening and the enhancement of the dura mater from the right middle cranial fossa to the base of the frontal lobe, extending to the right cavernous sinus (arrow).
1349-7235-56-0959-g001.jpg
PMC5465415_01_1349-7235-56-0959-g001.jpg
g001
Computed tomography demonstrated right mastoiditis (Fig. 1a, arrow). T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated thickening and the enhancement of the dura mater from the right middle cranial fossa to the base of the frontal lobe, extending to the right cavernous sinus (Fig. 1b, arrow).
The clinical course of Case 1. Follow-up T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging ((1)-(4)). mPSL: methylprednisolone, PSL: prednisolone, CY: cyclophosphamide, MTX: methotrexate, CRP: C-reactive protein (normal range <0.3 mg/dL), MPO-ANCA (normal range <20 EU).
1349-7235-56-0959-g002.jpg
PMC5465415_02_1349-7235-56-0959-g002.jpg
g002
The thickness of the dura mater was reduced, as shown in Fig. 4 (MRI (2)).
Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of Case 2. The enhanced thickening of dura mater due to hypertrophic pachymeningitis is observed (arrows).
1349-7235-56-0959-g003.jpg
PMC5465415_02_1349-7235-56-0959-g003.jpg
g003
Hypertrophic pachymeningitis was demonstrated on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced MRI (Fig. 3, arrows). The exacerbation of hypertrophic pachymeningitis was confirmed via follow-up MRI (Fig. 4, MRI (3)).
The clinical course of Case 2. Follow-up T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging ((1)-(4)). mPSL: methylprednisolone, PSL: prednisolone, CY: cyclophosphamide, MTX: methotrexate, CRP: C-reactive protein (normal range <0.3 mg/dL), MPO-ANCA (normal range <1.5 U/mL).
1349-7235-56-0959-g004.jpg
PMC5465415_02_1349-7235-56-0959-g004.jpg
g004
The clinical course of Case 2 is summarized in Fig. 4. The thickness of the dura mater was reduced, as shown in Fig. 4 (MRI (2)). The exacerbation of hypertrophic pachymeningitis was confirmed via follow-up MRI (Fig. 4, MRI (3)). The patient's hypertrophic pachymeningitis was ameliorated (Fig. 4, MRI (4)).
PMC5465415_02
The clinical course of Case 1. Follow-up T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging ((1)-(4)). mPSL: methylprednisolone, PSL: prednisolone, CY: cyclophosphamide, MTX: methotrexate, CRP: C-reactive protein (normal range <0.3 mg/dL), MPO-ANCA (normal range <20 EU).
1349-7235-56-0959-g002.jpg
PMC5465415_02_1349-7235-56-0959-g002.jpg
g002
The thickness of the dura mater was reduced, as shown in Fig. 4 (MRI (2)).
Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of Case 2. The enhanced thickening of dura mater due to hypertrophic pachymeningitis is observed (arrows).
1349-7235-56-0959-g003.jpg
PMC5465415_02_1349-7235-56-0959-g003.jpg
g003
Hypertrophic pachymeningitis was demonstrated on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced MRI (Fig. 3, arrows). The exacerbation of hypertrophic pachymeningitis was confirmed via follow-up MRI (Fig. 4, MRI (3)).
The clinical course of Case 2. Follow-up T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging ((1)-(4)). mPSL: methylprednisolone, PSL: prednisolone, CY: cyclophosphamide, MTX: methotrexate, CRP: C-reactive protein (normal range <0.3 mg/dL), MPO-ANCA (normal range <1.5 U/mL).
1349-7235-56-0959-g004.jpg
PMC5465415_02_1349-7235-56-0959-g004.jpg
g004
The clinical course of Case 2 is summarized in Fig. 4. The thickness of the dura mater was reduced, as shown in Fig. 4 (MRI (2)). The exacerbation of hypertrophic pachymeningitis was confirmed via follow-up MRI (Fig. 4, MRI (3)). The patient's hypertrophic pachymeningitis was ameliorated (Fig. 4, MRI (4)).