PMC8402992_01
Types and subtypes of ONSM according to their location, adapted from Schick et al. Upper: Type I, purely intraorbital lesions: Type Ia: flat tumor extension around the optic nerve; Type Ib: bulbiform mass around the optic nerve; Type Ic: exophytic tumor on the optic nerve. Center: Type II, intraorbital ONSM with extension through the optic canal or superior orbital fissure: Type IIa: intraorbital tumor with growth through the optic canal; Type IIb: tumors of the apex, superior orbital fissure, or cavernous. Lower: Type III, intraorbital lesions with widespread intracranial tumor extension: Type IIIa: intracranial extension to the chiasm; Type IIIb: widespread intracranial extension to the chiasm, contralateral optic nerve, and planum sphenoidale.
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