PMC8679027_01
PMC8679027_02
Extra-oral photographs of the patient. (a&c): extra-oral
frontal views show prominent forehead, short neck, roounded
eyebrows, and incompetent lips. (b&d) extra-oral lateral
views show flattened nasal bridge, macrocephaly, and large
ears.
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Flattened nasal bridge, macrocephaly, prominent forehead, short neck, large ears, and rounded eyebrows were observed (Figure 1).
Pre-dental treatment intra-oral photographs. (a) and (b) Right and
left frontal views show gingival overgrowth, macroglossia,
widely spaced teeth, malocclusion, and anterior open bite. (c)
Maxillary occlusal view shows generalized marginal gingivitis
around widely spaced primary dentition. (d) Mandibular occlusal
view shows dentoalveolar abscess related to lower primary molars
and multiple carious lesions in primary molars.
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In addition, the patient had an anterior open bite, gingival overgrowth, macroglossia, malocclusion, widely spaced teeth, and incompetent lips (Figure 2).
Peri-apical radiographs of all quadrants showing enlarged pulp
chambers of all primary molars. (a & b) Upper right and
upper left posterior periapical radiographs, respectively. (c)
lower right periapical radiograph shows proximal caries related
to lower right first primary molar. (d) lower left periapical
radiograph shows dento-alveolar abscess related to lower left
primary molars.
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Oral radiographs showed enlarged pulp chambers (Figure 3).
PMC8679027_03
Intra-oral photographs of postdental treatment. (a) Frontal view
shows improvement of gingival health and erupting of permanent
anterior central incisors. (b) Maxillary occlusal view shows
stainless steel crown on upper right second primary molar. (c)
Mandibular occlusal view shows stainless steel crown on lower
right first primary molar, partial healing of extraction
sockets, and initiation of eruption of lower permanent first
molars.
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He returned 1 week later for his postoperative follow-up (Figure 4).
PMC8679027_04
Panoramic radiograph of the patient in the last follow-up visit, at
the age of 10 years. He is in mixed dentition phase with normal
development of teeth. Failure of exfoliation of upper primary
lateral incisors is noticed regardless of eruption of permanent
lateral incisors.
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Figures 5-7 show the panoramic, periapical, and cephalometric radiographs of the patient at the age of 10 years.
Peri-apical radiographs of the patient in the last follow-up visit,
age 10 years. All the radiographs shows diminished pulp chamber
size of all remaining primary molars compared to intra-oral
radiographs at age 6 years and shows physiological root
resorption of primary molars due to eruption of premolars. (a)
Upper right posterior periapical radiograph shows intact
stainless steel crowns (SSCs) of the two primary molars. (b)
Upper left posterior periapical radiograph, shows sound primary
molars. (c) lower right periapical radiograph shows intact pulp
therapy and SSC related to lower right first primary molar. (d)
lower left periapical radiographs shows eruption of the two
premolars.
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Figures 5-7 show the panoramic, periapical, and cephalometric radiographs of the patient at the age of 10 years.
A cephalometric radiograph of the patient at the age of 10 years
showing a convex profile with bimaxillary protrusion, upper and
lower teeth protrusion and proclination, class II skeletal with
steep mandibular plane, and retruded chin.
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Figures 5-7 show the panoramic, periapical, and cephalometric radiographs of the patient at the age of 10 years.