PMC9241054_01
Histogram of log-transformed positive CAC scores (top left). Nonparametric regression of log-transformed CAC score on age (top right). Histogram of residuals from nonparametric regression of log-transformed positive CAC scores on age (bottom left). Nonparametric regression of CAC-freeness on age (bottom right).
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For example, if the median CAC score in CAC-positive, 70-year-old women is 70 and the proportion p is 0.36 in that group (Figure 2, bottom right), the CAC score of 70 is the  = 68th percentile of the overall distribution for women aged 70.
PMC9241054_02
Histogram of log-transformed positive CAC scores (top left). Nonparametric regression of log-transformed CAC score on age (top right). Histogram of residuals from nonparametric regression of log-transformed positive CAC scores on age (bottom left). Nonparametric regression of CAC-freeness on age (bottom right).
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PMC9241054_02_gr2.jpg
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For example, if the median CAC score in CAC-positive, 70-year-old women is 70 and the proportion p is 0.36 in that group (Figure 2, bottom right), the CAC score of 70 is the  = 68th percentile of the overall distribution for women aged 70.
Selected percentile curves for CAC score in CAC-positive women (left) and in all women; i.e., after adjusting for CAC-free proportions (right, Supplemental Material 2, Figure D, with permission of Oxford University Press).
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Owing to the proportion of women with CAC scores of zero, the percentile curves for all women are flatter than those for women with positive CAC scores (Figure 3).
PMC9241054_03
True percentile curves (dashed lines) and estimated 5th and 95th percentile curves (solid lines) for the 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile of the CAC score, from bottom to top within each graph and for sample sizes of N=1,000 (top left), N=2,000 (top right), N=5,000 (bottom left), and N=10,000 (bottom right).
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Figure 4 shows the true values (dashed lines) and the estimated 5th and 95th percentile curves (solid lines) for the 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile of the CAC score for sample sizes of N=1,000 (top left) to N=10,000 (bottom right).