PMC3915996_01
Fluoroscopy. Anterior-posterior view. Contrasting at the level of the left subclavian vein by Byrd dilator, after abandoned lead removal. Venography reveals anonymous vein wall damage with contrast flow to mediastinum and no connection with vena cava superior
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F0001
This was confirmed by contrast injection (Figure 1) and anonymous vein wall damage with contrast flow into the mediastinum occurred as well.
Fluoroscopy. Anterior-posterior view. Atrial lead caught by Needle's Eye Snare and pulled into the femoral station to produce lead tension
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Eye Snare  (Cook Medical Inc.) was introduced to the inferior vena cava through the right femoral approach, whereby the loop of the lead was captured in the right atrium (RA), released from the atrial appendage and drawn into the guiding catheter (Figure 2). Effective tension to the electrode was applied and telescopic sheaths were advanced.
Fluoroscopy. Anterior-posterior view. Byrd dilator sheath introduced to right atrium by atrial leadrail stabilized by femoral approach. Femoral sheath and Byrd dilator sheath do not contact each other to avoid cutting effect
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F0003
Through the anonymous vein occlusion, two 0.035" wires were introduced (Figures 3 and 4).
Fluoroscopy. Anterior-posterior view. The 0.035" leader introduced into the right atrium/ventricle by Byrd dilator sheath, passing by the atrial lead: subclavian- cardiac approach regained
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F0004
Through the anonymous vein occlusion, two 0.035" wires were introduced (Figures 3 and 4).