PMC10139932_01
Chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral diffuse subpleural nonsegmental ground-glass opacities.
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Chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral ground-glass opacities (Fig. 1).
16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis identified the top 30 strains in the V2-V3 hypervariable region. Comparisons of sequence percentages between humidifier vapor, water, and control. Spirosoma lacussanchae and Sphingomonas spp. made up high percentages of the sequences in both the humidifier vapor and water; however, these sequences made up a lower percentage in the humidifier vapor than the humidifier water. Reads of Pseudomonas spp. and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium were concentrated in the humidifier vapor more than in humidifier water. The control was a sample from humidifier water obtained from our hospital. rRNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid.
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Metagenomic analysis revealed a high percentage of sequences of Spirosoma lacussanchae and Sphingomonas spp. in both the humidifier vapor and water; however, the percentages of sequence reads were lower in humidifier vapor than in water (Fig. 2).
Results of positivity for serum-precipitating antibodies against humidifier vapor and humidifier water.. The red arrows show the precipitation line between the patient's serum and the humidifier water or the humidifier vapor. S: patient serum (5x concentrated), 1: humidifier vapor (10x concentrated), 2: humidifier water (10x concentrated), 3: humidifier water (original solution), A: sample antigens (from other humidifier water that was not analyzed). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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Tests for serum-precipitating antibodies against humidifier vapor and water were positive, and the reaction in the humidifier vapor was stronger than that in the humidifier water (Fig. 3).