PMC10493384_01
Masks comparison for each compartment between the patient (left image) and the phantom (right image) acquired at 80 kVp on Siemens scanner. Color legend was green for the vascular component, orange for the muscles, light blue for the lungs, white for the bones, yellow for the fat, blue for the interstitium, fuchsia for the NV-lesion, and royal blue for the V-lesion.
fonc-13-1123796-g002.jpg
PMC10493384_01_fonc-13-1123796-g002.jpg
f2
Computed tomography (CT) acquisition of the reference phantom with seven distinct PLA infill percentage levels, ranging from 75% to 45%, with a step of 5%. The average HU is reported by the ROI (1 cm2) on each cube (2 cm side).
fonc-13-1123796-g003.jpg
PMC10493384_01_fonc-13-1123796-g003.jpg
f3
Figure 3 ). Following, according to HU averages extracted by each compartment of the real dataset, we proportionally chose the infill rates of the phantom masks, selecting 10% for "air lungs," 35% interstitium, 40% fat, 55% muscle, 70% vascular, and 50% and 62.5% for the two components of the lung lesion, respectively, for not-vascularized (NV-Lesion) and vascularized (V-Lesion) components.
In (A), the representation of the whole phantom on the 3D-printing plate, after the slicing. In (B), the phantom on the scanner bed before the Siemens acquisition.
fonc-13-1123796-g004.jpg
PMC10493384_01_fonc-13-1123796-g004.jpg
f4
The 3D printing of the samples was performed using a desktop 3D printer, Ultimaker 5S (Ultimaker, Netherlands) ( Figure 4 ).
Computed tomography (CT) comparison between the patient (A, C, D) and the phantom (B, E) on an axial and sagittal plane. The two components (vascularized and non-vascularized lesion) were clearly depicted in the sagittal plane (D, E). Images were acquired on the Siemens scanner at 80 kVp.
fonc-13-1123796-g005.jpg
PMC10493384_01_fonc-13-1123796-g005.jpg
f5
On these acquisitions, segmentation was again performed, with the same previous software and workflow, starting from the acquisition performed on Siemens Force of the 80 kVp phantom, achieved with the same acquisition parameters and scanner of the patient ( Figure 5 ).