PMC7558775_01
(a-d) 9 months after traumatic anterior dislocation, preoperative CT and MRI images demonstrating severe HO. (a) HO along the bony insertion and ventral side of the subscapularis muscle (green line) and around the conjoint tendons (asterisk) in the axial CT plane. (b) HO extending from the inferior glenoid to the proximal humeral shaft and axillary recess in axial CT plane. (c) 3D CT scan showing the extent of HO, primarily in the ventral part of the subscapularis muscle (triangle), in the axillary recess (asterisk), conjoint tendons (circle), and ventrally of the proximal humerus (diamond). (d) MRI demonstrating close location of the HO (HO) and both axillary artery (AA) and nerves of the brachial plexus (BP).
CRIOR2020-8883758.001.jpg
PMC7558775_01_CRIOR2020-8883758.001.jpg
fig1
Plane radiographs and magnet resonance imaging (MRI) showed unaltered HO (Figure 1). Computer tomography (CT) diagnostics revealed pronounced HO throughout the axillary recess, partially encasing neurovascular structures, conjoint tendons, and the subscapularis muscle (Figure 1).
(a, b) AP radiograph demonstrating the extent of the HO one week before (a) and two days after (b) surgery. A small residual of the HO remained (b).
CRIOR2020-8883758.002.jpg
PMC7558775_01_CRIOR2020-8883758.002.jpg
fig2
After HO removal (Figure 2), flexion and abduction improved intraoperatively.