PMC5437542_01
a CT scan shows collapse of the lung and the mediastinal shift towards to the right side. The left diaphragmatic hernia contained the transverse and descending colon. b Intraoperative evidence: diaphragmatic defect allows migration of viscera
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Fig1
The left diaphragmatic hernia contained the transverse and descending colon (Fig. 1a). An intra-operative bronchoscopy revealed hypoplasia of the left lung (Fig. 1b).
PMC5437542_02
CT scan shows in left side, large diaphragmatic defect which allows passage of the stomach, spleen and colon (referred to as Bochdalek hernias) and complete collapse of left lung
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Fig2
CT scan showed large annular diaphragmatic defect which allowed passage of the stomach, spleen and colon (Fig. 2).
PMC5437542_03
Laparoscopic image during correction of defect with synthetic mesh
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Fig3
Emergency laparoscopy was performed; hernia contents were reduced; and a repair of the defect with Proceed mesh  was done (Fig. 3).
PMC5437542_04
a CT scan suggests left diaphragmatic hernia which allowed migration of colon in left chest. b Intraoperatively, biological mesh repairing defect
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Fig4
CT scan suggested left diaphragmatic hernia which allowed passage of the spleen, left lobe of liver and transverse colon (Fig. 4a).
PMC5437542_05
a 3D-CT scan shows rib fractures. b CT scan shows stomach and spleen in the left hemi-thorax, complete disruption of all muscular layers. c Intraoperatively, repair of traumatic defect in the left diaphragm
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Fig5
CT scan revealed stomach and spleen in left hemithorax, consistent with a traumatic diaphragmatic rupture with complete disruption of all muscular layers, collar sign and multiple rib fractures, fractured left humerus and scapula (Fig. 5a, b). At exploratory laparotomy, traumatic defect in the left diaphragm was found, with stomach and spleen in the left thorax (Fig. 5c).
PMC5437542_06
a X-ray shows herniated stomach into the chest. b Thoracotomy shows large diaphragmatic defect. c Repair of defect
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Fig6
The chest X-ray showed a large fluid level beneath an apparently raised left hemi diaphragm (Fig. 6a) hypothesizing a left hemi diaphragmatic rupture with gastric herniation; diagnosis was confirmed by barium studies and a thoracic-abdominal computed tomography. Finally, a direct suture of the left diaphragmatic defect was employed (Fig. 6b, c).
PMC5437542_07
Flow chart of the literature selection process
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Fig7
The search returned 555 papers (Fig. 7).