PMC8042439_01
Case 1. Demonstration of suggestibility in functional tremor. A. Deep palpation on the right ankle markedly increased the tremor amplitude, which was then reduced back to baseline upon cessation of deep palpation. B. Application of a vibrating tuning fork on the right knee increased the tremor amplitude continuously throughout the recording, even with removal of the instrument in between trials. EDB = extensor digitorum brevis; GAS = gastrocnemius; HAM = hamstring muscles; Lt = left; QUADS = quadriceps femoris; Rt = right; TA = tibialis anterior.
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Suggestibility with deep palpation and application of a vibrating tuning fork were then added to the battery of tests, which increased tremor amplitude (Fig. 1A, 1B).
PMC8042439_02
Case 2. Demonstration of suggestibility in functional movement disorder resembling tics. Application of a vibrating tuning fork (A) and deep palpation (B) on the left shoulder induced the slow, writhing movements. Lt = left; PARA = paraspinal muscles; Rt = right; SCM = sternocleidomastoid; Sp.Cp. = splenius capitis; TRAP = trapezius.
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The movements were also induced by tuning fork vibration and deep palpation on the left shoulder, but not on the forehead or right shoulder (Fig. 2A, 2B).
PMC8042439_03
Case 3. Demonstration of suggestibility in functional jerks. The frequency of the jerky movements was significantly reduced with the application of a vibrating tuning fork on the glabella (A) and occiput (B). BRACHIO = brachioradialis; Lt = left; Rt = right; TRAP = trapezius.
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The frequency of the jerky movements was significantly reduced with the application of a vibrating tuning fork on the glabella and occiput (Fig. 3A, 3B).