PMC5051671_01
Image showing the large vulval varices (white arrow) with the patient in supine position.
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On examination in the supine position, she had a very prominent large caliber veins in the right vulva (Figure 1).
Intraoperative image showing the right saphenofemoral junction exposed (green arrow), normal diameter great saphenous vein (yellow arrow), and the large external pudendal vein (white arrow).
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The GSV below its junction with EPV was with normal diameter (Figures 2 and 3).
Diagram showing saphenofemoral junction (green arrow), great saphenous vein (blue arrow), and superficial external pudendal vein (black arrow). (Adapted from Caggiati et al.25).
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The GSV below its junction with EPV was with normal diameter (Figures 2 and 3).
Showing the right groin incision before final closure (black arrow) and vulval wound (white arrow).
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Then, through a longitudinal incision in the right vulva, 2 cm lateral to its medial edge, the varices were either excised, avulsed, or ligated (Figure 4).