PMC8405323_01
(a) Preoperative sagittal T2-weighed magnetic resonance imaging showing bulging discs and canal stenosis at L4-5 and L5-S1. (b, c) Postoperative radiographs after posterior fusion surgery at L4-S1.
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fig1
He underwent instrumented lumbar fusion surgery at L4-S1 after conservative therapy did not result in any improvement (Figure 1).
(a) Sagittal T2-weighed magnetic resonance imaging 2 years after primary surgery showing posterior spondylolisthesis, bulging disc, and canal stenosis at L3-4. (b, c) Postoperative radiographs after additional posterior fusion surgery at L3-4.
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fig2
Additional fusion surgery at L2-3 was performed for proximal adjacent segment disease (ASD) (Figure 2).
Exercise therapy using the lumbar-type HAL: (a) sit-to-stand training and (b) squat training.
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fig3
This patient performed 3 sets of 20 sit-to-stand and 20 squat repetitions with adequate rests in between sets (Figure 3).