PMC3596151_01
IVC occlusion.
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The vertebral catheter was then positioned in the upper IVC, followed by control phlebography, showing a 5-cm-long occlusion of the IVC (Figure 1).
Placement of a stent in IVC.
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PTA balloons (4-10 mm)., A 7F sheath was subsequently replaced with a 14 F sheath in the right groin. Placement of the newly designed stent (20/200) was performed under fluoroscopic guidance (Figures 2 and 3).
Balloon stent dilatation.
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PTA balloons (4-10 mm)., A 7F sheath was subsequently replaced with a 14 F sheath in the right groin. Placement of the newly designed stent (20/200) was performed under fluoroscopic guidance (Figures 2 and 3).
Reduced blood flow in iliac veins.
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A control phlebography (Figure 4) showed improved perfusion of the IVC, as well as reduced flow in both CIVs.
Control venography.
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After a crossover implantation of two stents (right 12/42/120, left 14/40/120) into both common iliac veins, no residual stenosis was visible and fast backflow of the contrast medium to the right atrium was demonstrated (Figure 5).