PMC9343970_01
Post-insertion images of Calypso markers for a 40-year-old male (Patient A) with HCC. (A) Fluoroscopic image after insertion of Calypso markers confirming 2 beacons (orange arrows) in liver. (B) US image shows the medially-located beacon (orange arrow) inserted close to a branch hepatic vein (blue arrow). (C) CT simulation image shows the migrated medial Calypso marker in the right lung (orange arrow). HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; US, ultrasound.
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Post insertion fluoroscopic images confirmed the position of the beacons (Figure 2A). The medially located marker was inserted 0.56 cm away from a branch middle hepatic vein (Figure 2B). CT simulation was performed 4 days post insertion and showed only one marker in liver while the 2nd (medially placed fiducial seen on fluoroscopic image in Figure 2A) had migrated to the right lung (Figure 2C).
PMC9343970_02
Post-insertion images of Calypso markers for a 69-year-old male (Patient B) with multifocal HCC. (A) CT image showing the location of the anterior Calypso marker (orange arrow) and posterior Calypso marker (blue arrow) immediately after insertion. (B) PET CT image showing only the anterior marker (orange arrow). (C) PET CT image showing the migrated posterior marker to the right lung (blue arrow). HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.
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An immediate post procedure CT scan confirmed the locations of the beacons (Figure 3A). The posterior marker was not identified in liver (Figure 3B). The migrated posterior Calypso beacon, which was inserted 1-1.5 cm from a branch right hepatic vein, was identified in the right lung (Figure 3C).