PMC9994294_01
Sonographic image demonstrating a small inferior vena cava (maximal diameter). Online Video S1 demonstrates the respiratory variation. Image was obtained using a phased array transducer from the subxiphoid window with the probe orientation marker towards patient's head.
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We performed point of care ultrasound which revealed a small IVC less than 1 cm in maximal diameter with 100% collapse with inspiration suggestive of low right atrial pressure (Figure 1, online Video S1).
Venous Doppler images demonstrating normal hepatic, portal, and intra-renal vein waveforms. In hepatic vein, S = systolic wave, D = diastolic wave (normally, S is greater than D). For portal and intra-renal veins, a continuous pattern without distinct S and D waves is considered normal. Images were obtained using a curvilinear transducer from the lateral aspect, just below the diaphragm. Pulsed-wave Doppler was utilized to obtain the waveforms with simultaneous EKG gating. Human body image licensed from shutterstock
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A venous excess Doppler ultrasound (VExUS) evaluation was performed to exclude systemic venous congestion which revealed normal waveforms in the hepatic, portal, and intra-renal veins (Figure 2).