PMC4900316_01
Color flow Doppler in mid esophageal four chamber view showing stenosis at the opening of left pulmonary veins and turbulence along the pulmonary venous flow
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F1
Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a narrowed opening of the left superior PV ostium into the left atrium in the mid esophageal four chamber view [Figure 1]. Application of color flow Doppler showed turbulence in the course of the left sided PVs [Figure 1 and Video 1].
Continuous wave Doppler in mid esophageal four chamber view showing a continous pulmonary venous flow pattern with a peak gradient of 18 mm Hg and a flow velocity of 213 cm/sec across the stenotic pulmonary vein ostium
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F2
Continuous-wave Doppler showed a gradient of 18 mm Hg across this membrane and a peak flow velocity of 213 cm/s [Figure 2] indicating a functionally significant obstruction. Postoperative TEE showed no turbulence in the course of the left superior PV [Figure 3 and Video 2] and the gradient across it decreased to 1 mm Hg and normal PV flow pattern was resumed [Figure 4].
Color flow Doppler in mid esophageal four chamber view after the surgery showing no stenosis at the opening of the pulmonary veins along with a nonturbulent pulmonary venous flow
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F3
Postoperative TEE showed no turbulence in the course of the left superior PV [Figure 3 and Video 2] and the gradient across it decreased to 1 mm Hg and normal PV flow pattern was resumed [Figure 4].
Postleft pulmonary vein augmentation pulsed wave Doppler analysis of the pulmonary venous drainage in mid esophageal four chamber view showing a normal pulmonary venous flow pattern and no significant gradient or velocity
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F4
Postoperative TEE showed no turbulence in the course of the left superior PV [Figure 3 and Video 2] and the gradient across it decreased to 1 mm Hg and normal PV flow pattern was resumed [Figure 4].