PMC10421583_01
Dissection of abdomen showing retracted left ureter (LU) and the left kidney (LK) supplied by the left renal artery (LRA), a superior polar artery (SPA), and an inferior polar artery (IPA), arising from the abdominal aorta (AA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) respectively. The inferior suprarenal artery (ISRA) can be seen emerging from the superior polar artery. LPMM - left psoas major muscle, IVC - inferior vena cava, SMA - superior mesenteric artery, SRG - suprarenal gland, PAN - pancreas.
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The inferior polar artery took its origin as a branch from the inferior mesenteric artery (Figure 1), ascended cranially, passing behind the left ureter and inferior mesenteric vein, and entered the left kidney near its lower pole.