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Number of medicinal plants in different families.
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The most represented families were asteraceae (7 species), followed by lamiaceae, amaryllidaceae, and apiaceae (3 species each) (Figure 2).
Plant parts used to cure different ailments by inhabitants of Urgam Valley.
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Also recorded were aerial parts (7 species, 13%), seeds (4 species, 7%), fruits, rhizome, bark, and whole plants each two species (5%) (Figure 3).
Traditional drug preparations by inhabitants of Urgam Valley.
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Other preparations are paste (23%), extract/juice (17%), decoction and raw (7%), and herbal tea (2%) (Figure 4).
Species and uses reported by the general populace (red) increase with age (a) and are greatest for specialist healers (blue, b). The line indicates a natural spline regression in which the increase in knowledge with age flattens above age 50.
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The natural spline regressions show that this effect is less steep at higher ages (significantly nonlinear): that is, there is less increase in knowledge after about age 50 (Figure 6(a)). Healers, who were excluded from this analysis, report more plants and more uses than the average predicted value for their age (Figure 6(b)).
A nonmetric multidimensional scaling of points (informants) which are plotted closer together when species (a) or uses (b) reported are more similar and sized by the count for each informant of species or uses. Although there is overlap, healers (blue) occupy a significantly different section of the ordination spaces, showing that they report particular plants and uses.
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Ordinations show similarity between informants by plotting those who reported more similar lists of plants or more similar lists of species are closer together (Figure 7).