PMC9267159_01
Patient with chronic blepharitis complicated by dysfunction of the meibomian glands. (A) Eyelid erythema, conjunctival hyperaemia and signs of dysfunction of the meibomian glands. (B) Reduction of erythema and dysfunction of the meibomian glands after 7 days of treatment with the HOCl ophthalmic spray in addition to oral tetracycline.
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In particular, a 78-year-old patient treated with low-dose oral tetracycline for more than 1 month to treat blepharitis associated with meibomian gland dysfunction resolved his condition 7 days after the addition of the HOCl ophthalmic spray treatment, which allowed the patient to undergo cataract surgery (Figure 2).
Patient with chronic blepharitis complicated by conjunctival hyperaemia and dysfunction of the meibomian glands. (A) (I and II) Eyelid erythema, conjunctival hyperaemia and signs of dysfunction of the meibomian glands. (B) (I and II) Reduction of erythema and dysfunction of the meibomian glands after 7 days of treatment with the HOCl ophthalmic spray in addition to combined corticosteroid and antibiotic topical therapy.
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After 7 days of treatment, the patient reported symptom relief, and the conjunctival hyperaemia and meibomitis appeared to improve significantly (Figure 3).
PMC9267159_02
Patient with chronic rosacea-associated blepharitis. (A) Hyperaemic eyelid rim and eyelid skin. (B) Reduction of the hyperaemia of the eyelid rim and of the eyelid skin after 15 days of treatment with the sole HOCl ophthalmic spray.
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In this case, the HOCl ophthalmic spray proved viable without following an oral antibiotic therapy (Figure 4).
PMC9267159_03
Patient with severe blepharitis associated with catarrhal conjunctivitis and ectropion. (A) Inflamed eyelids with marked hyperaemia, ulceration and crustaceous conglutination of the eyelashes, epiphora and ectropion. (B) Moderate improvement in symptoms and signs after 2 weeks of topic antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment associated with HOCl ophthalmic spray administration. (C) Great reduction of epithelial suffering and eyelid inflammation after 40 days of combined treatment.
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A 78-year-old patient presented with inflamed eyelids with marked hyperaemia associated with ulceration and crustaceous conglutination of the eyelashes, epiphora and ectropion (Figure 5A). After 2 weeks, the patient showed a moderate improvement in symptoms and signs (Figure 5B). At the last visit, conducted after 40 days of the combined treatment, epithelial suffering, eyelid inflammation and catarrhal conjunctivitis were resolved, ulcerations were absent, and subjective symptoms were drastically improved, with a decreased sensation of a foreign object associated with a reduction in burning and tearing (Figure 5C).
PMC9267159_04
Patient with hypertensive herpes uveitis caused by herpes zoster. (A) Oedema and erythema across the right half-face, eyelid of the right eye completely closed. (B) Scabs and pustules on the whole right side of the face; red, swollen and painful right eye. Hutchinson's sign due to nasociliary nerve involvement. (C) Absence of scabs and pustules on the face, hypertensive herpetic uveitis in resolution after 3 days of treatment with systemic antiviral, topical dexamethasone, tropicamide and dorzolamide, and HOCl ophthalmic spray administration.
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The first was a 67-year-old patient who attended with oedema and erythema across the right half-face; the eyelid of the right eye was completely closed because of palpebral oedema (Figure 6A). On the second visit, the patient presented scabs and pustules hitting the whole right side of the face, accompanied by a red, swollen and painful right eye (Figure 6B). The hypertensive herpetic uveitis was in resolution (Figure 6C); the patient was instructed to continue antiviral therapy.
PMC9267159_05
Patient with Herpes zoster infection of the first left trigeminal branch. (A) Erythematous and vesicular eruption on the skin of the left half face and along the course of the first trigeminal branch, also involving the upper eyelid of the left eye. (B) Reduction of the vesicular eruption along the course of the first trigeminal branch and on the left upper eyelid after 10 days of antiviral therapy and HOCl ophthalmic spray administration; a slight skin hyperaemia remains.
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After 10 days of therapy, rare vesicles and some crusts were found along the course of the first left trigeminal branch and the systemic antiviral was suspended (Figure 7).