PMC7148416_01
The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagram of the study. ESPB, erector spinae plane block.
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A diagram of the overall study design is shown in Figure 1.
Longitudinal parasagittal ultrasound view (A) and extent of cutaneous sensory loss over the back at 40 minutes after the injection of 25 mL of 0.3% ropivacaine in one patient at the T12 level (B). Arrows represent the spread of local anesthetic. TP, transverse process; ESM, erector spinae muscle; LA, local anesthetic.
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A total of 25 mL ropivacaine 0.3% was then injected into the ESP (Figure 2A). Forty minutes after the ESPB, the cutaneous sensory block was assessed using a pinprick test over the back in every patient (Figure 2B).