PMC9218854_01
Ventro-dorsal radiograph of D6. Note the severely increased abdominal volume, the central gathering of the small bowel loops (black arrows) with fluid opacity at the periphery of the peritoneal cavity (white arrow).
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F1
Radiographs showed increased abdominal volume in 2/3 animals (Figure 1).
Abdominal ultrasound of D2. (A) Echoic fluid filled cavity (white arrow) along a small bowel loop (B) Perforating intestinal stick-like foreign body (black arrows).
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F2
Bowel loops had a plicated (7/9) and/or corrugated (7/9) appearance in all animals suggesting the occurrence of adhesions and bowel inflammation (Figure 2).
Abdominal ultrasound of C1. (A) Multiple segments of corrugated small intestine (black arrows) (B) Echoic peritoneal fluid (white arrow) with multiple hyperechoic septations.
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F3
In the two animals where peritoneal effusion was collected focally, the fluid was in close contact with a corrugated small bowel loop (in the area where a wooden foreign body was found perforating the bowel wall in D2 and in the right ovarian area concomitant with a periovarian effusion in D4) (Figure 3).
Post-contrast CT acquisition of the abdomen of D7. (A) Transverse image, soft tissue window, at the level of the left kidney (B) Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction image, soft tissue window. A large amount of peritoneal fluid (white arrow) loculated by multiple hyperattenuating septations and dorsal gathering of the intestines is present (black arrows). Note also the mass effect of the fluid filled cavities and the secondary caudal displacement of the urinary bladder (gray arrow).
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F4
Free or loculated abdominal fluid (3-15 Hounsfield units) and encased bowel loops were confirmed in all three animals where this distribution had already been suspected based on radiographs and ultrasound (Figures 4, 5).
Late post-contrast CT acquisition of the abdomen of C1 (same case as Figure 3). (A) Transverse image, soft tissue window, at the level of the kidneys (B) Dorsal multiplanar reconstruction image, soft tissue window, at the level of the descending colon. There is central gathering of the intestines and a large amount of surrounding peritoneal fluid (white arrow). Fat stranding is also visible (black arrow).
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F5
Free or loculated abdominal fluid (3-15 Hounsfield units) and encased bowel loops were confirmed in all three animals where this distribution had already been suspected based on radiographs and ultrasound (Figures 4, 5).
Intraoperative picture of the laparotomy of C2 after abdominal wall incision. Note the thick fibrous membrane encapsulating the abdominal viscera.
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F6
Surgery confirmed the presence of a thick capsule around the abdominal viscera (6/9), multiple serosal adhesions between small bowel loops (6/9) or between small bowel loops and ovary (1/9) or abdominal wall (2/9) (Figure 6).