PMC6742885_01
Pre-operative clinical evaluation showing the abnormal medial patellar laxity.
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F1
At the clinical examination, the left patella appeared to be medialized compared to the opposite healthy side; the medial shift test showed a clear tendency toward medial subluxation accompanied by patient's discomfort (positive medial apprehension test) (Fig. 1).
Pre-operative radiographs of both knees.
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F2
Pre-operative imaging assessment included weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral views of both knees (Fig. 2).
Intraoperative photograph showing the dissection of the hypertrophic medial patellofemoral ligament.
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F3
It consisted in an open medial retinacular release with complete dissection of the hypertrophic MPFL and a transfer of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) to the superior border of the patella (Figs. 3 and 4).
Intraoperative photograph showing the transfer of the vastus medialis oblique to the superior border of the patella.
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F4
It consisted in an open medial retinacular release with complete dissection of the hypertrophic MPFL and a transfer of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) to the superior border of the patella (Figs. 3 and 4).