PMC6024327_01
MRA of Case 1 showing bilateral ICA occlusion and tight stenosis in bilateral ECA.
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DUS showed bilateral ICA occlusion (Figure 1), 60%-70% left common carotid artery (CCA) stenosis, 99% left ECA stenosis, 40% right CCA stenosis and 80% right ECA stenosis.
CTA of Cases 3 and 4 showing bilateral ICA occlusion bilateral severe ECA stenosis.
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CTA of the carotid arteries showed significant calcification at the right and left carotid bulb with complete occlusion of the right ICA and left ICA at the level of the bifurcation (Figure 2).
Intraoperative carotid angiogram of Cases 3 and 4 showing bilateral ECA stenting (a and b).
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A bilateral ECA angioplasty and stenting (XACT carotid stent system, Abbott, IL, USA) was performed (Figure 3).
3D MRA of Case 5 showing an XACT stent (XACT carotid stent system, Abbott, USA) in the left ICA.
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After 1 year, a left CCA angioplasty with stenting (XACT carotid stent system, Abbott, IL, USA) was performed (Figure 4).
DUS of Case 6 showing a small patent stump at the origin of the right ICA.
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DUS showed a 40%-50% mid-distal right CCA stenosis, an occluded right ICA with a small patent stump at the origin (Figure 5) and moderate right ECA atheroma; 40%-50% distal left CCA stenosis, 50% left ICA stenosis and moderate left ECA atheroma.
DUS of Case 7 showing a short patent stump in the proximal right ICA.
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DUS showed an occluded right ICA with a short patent stump at the origin (Figure 6), 0.5 cm in length, and 40%-50% stenosis in the left ICA.
DUS of Case 8 showing an occluded stent in the right CCA.
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The stent was occluded throughout (Figure 7).
MRA of Case 9 showing bilateral ICA occlusion and bilateral severe ECA stenosis.
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MRA confirmed bilateral ICA occlusion and 99% left ECA stenosis (Figure 8).
PMC6024327_02
CTA of Cases 3 and 4 showing bilateral ICA occlusion bilateral severe ECA stenosis.
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CTA of the carotid arteries showed significant calcification at the right and left carotid bulb with complete occlusion of the right ICA and left ICA at the level of the bifurcation (Figure 2).
Intraoperative carotid angiogram of Cases 3 and 4 showing bilateral ECA stenting (a and b).
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A bilateral ECA angioplasty and stenting (XACT carotid stent system, Abbott, IL, USA) was performed (Figure 3).
PMC6024327_03
3D MRA of Case 5 showing an XACT stent (XACT carotid stent system, Abbott, USA) in the left ICA.
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After 1 year, a left CCA angioplasty with stenting (XACT carotid stent system, Abbott, IL, USA) was performed (Figure 4).
PMC6024327_04
DUS of Case 6 showing a small patent stump at the origin of the right ICA.
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DUS showed a 40%-50% mid-distal right CCA stenosis, an occluded right ICA with a small patent stump at the origin (Figure 5) and moderate right ECA atheroma; 40%-50% distal left CCA stenosis, 50% left ICA stenosis and moderate left ECA atheroma.
PMC6024327_05
DUS of Case 7 showing a short patent stump in the proximal right ICA.
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DUS showed an occluded right ICA with a short patent stump at the origin (Figure 6), 0.5 cm in length, and 40%-50% stenosis in the left ICA.
PMC6024327_06
DUS of Case 8 showing an occluded stent in the right CCA.
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The stent was occluded throughout (Figure 7).
PMC6024327_07
MRA of Case 9 showing bilateral ICA occlusion and bilateral severe ECA stenosis.
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MRA confirmed bilateral ICA occlusion and 99% left ECA stenosis (Figure 8).
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