PMC9930586_01
Chest computed tomography (CT) scan before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment and interventional treatment. (A and B) Segmental infiltration and consolidation in the left lung and apparent stenosis of the left main bronchus before treatment, (C and D) Improvement of left bronchus stenosis and infiltration absorption observed after therapy.
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Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed left lung consolidation with segmental atelectasis, scattered calcifications in the left upper lobe, and multiple calcifications and enlargement of lymph nodes in the mediastinum and left hilar region (Figure 1A and B). We also observed effective absorption of infiltration previously seen on the left lung (Figure 1C and D).
Bronchoscopy images of the left main bronchus stenosis before and after treatment. (A) Scarring stenosis of the left mainstem bronchus, (B) Balloon dilation procedure, (C) Cryoablation post dilation to reduce restenosis, (D) Obvious improvement in the patency of the left mainstem bronchus as shown in post-treatment follow-up examinations.
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The stenosis was too narrow for a catheter in a 3.8 mm diameter to pass through (Figure 2A).  The stenosed bronchial segment was stretched open with the high-pressure balloon dilation for 60 seconds (Figure 2B). This was followed by cryotherapy for 60 seconds three times to reduce restenosis. (Figure 2C) The patient was administered the following post-procedure treatment: dexamethasone 5 mg on aerosol nebulization, once per day for a week, isoniazid 0.1 g on topical nebulization, twice per day for two months. The procedure showed the previously dilated scarring stenosed segment on the left main bronchus was still relatively narrow but with good patency and lumen diameter allowing the smooth passage of a 3.8mm diameter catheter (Figure 2D).