PMC6526918_01
Anteroposterior radiographs of patients with failed dural puncture during needle-through-needle technique for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.. Notes: Images showing excessive paramedian deviation of the epidural needle and the wrong passage of the spinal needle through Tuohy curve in cases 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C).
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Moreover, spinal needles exited epidural needles not through back holes, but through the Tuohy curves as presented in Figure 1(A-C).
Anteroposterior radiograph showing the spinal needle being in touch with the superior articular process of the fifth lumbar vertebra in case 4.
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The spinal needle was in contact with the superior articular process of the fifth lumbar vertebra, which was confirmed by C-arm radiography (Figure 2).