PMC3356988_01
(a) Perimedullary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) located in mid dorsal region. (b) Post-contrast T1-weighted image showing concurrent AVM (black arrow) in left hippocampus. (c) MRA showing nidus (white arrow) supplied by left posterior cerebral artery. (d) Glue cast deposition in AVM after embolization
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F1
Spinal angiogram showed an AVM in mid-dorsal region at level T8-T9 with three feeders comprising left 8th and right 9th and 10th intercostal arteries [Figure 1a]. Her brain MRI and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) revealed a small AVM in the left hippocampus supplied by left posterior cerebral artery and with deep venous drainage [Figure 1b and c]. Spinal AVM embolization was carried out by polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and histoacryl particles under general anesthesia and complete embolization was achieved [Figure 1d].
PMC3356988_02
(a) Left parietal arteriovenous malformation (AVM). (b) Left parasagittal AVM. (c) Post-procedure angiogram showing no residual AVM. (d) Perimedullary AV fistula with large aneurysm in cervical region (black arrow showing early filling vein, white arrow showing arterial feeder). (e) Large cervical aneurysm. (f) T2-weighted image showing cervical aneurysm (arrowhead) (white arrow showing high-intensity signals in spinal cord due to venous hypertension). (g) Post-embolization angiogram showing complete obliteration of AV fistula and aneurysm. (h) Post-glue embolization (black arrow showing glue deposited in arterial feeder)
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F2
Her brain MRI and cerebral angiography revealed left parasagittal AVM of medium size in the parietal region with superficial venous drainage [Figure 2a and b]. Postoperatively, she was doing well with no residual AVM on her cerebral angiography [Figure 2c]. Angiography was repeated, which revealed an AV fistula in the cervical region [Figure 2d]. MRI also showed a cervical aneurysm [Figure 2e and f]. No residual AV fistula was seen in post-procedural angiography [Figure 2g and h] and no postoperative complications occurred; patient was stable and got discharged.