PMC4300890_01
Preoperative flexion/extension radiographs show possible mild hyperflexibility but no evidence of extreme hypermobility.
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Physical examination and radiographs showed mild increased flexibility of the lumbar spine in flexion and extension that did not exacerbate the patient's pain (Fig. 1).
A preoperative lateral radiograph and computed tomography image of the lumbar spine show degenerative disc disease at L4-5 with bilateral foraminal stenosis and bulging of the disc.
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L4-5 with bilateral foraminal stenosis and bulging of the disc (Fig. 2). L5-S1 showed moderate degenerative disease of the disc with mild bulging.
A preoperative axial computed tomography discogram image shows L4-5 facets with minimal arthrosis and previous laminectomy defect.
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There was no radiographic evidence of spondylolisthesis, and computed tomography discogram images showed minimal facet arthrosis at L4-5 (Fig. 3).
Flexion and extension radiographs at 9 months postoperatively show excellent motion at L4-5 without hypermobility.
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Flexion and extension radiographs (Fig. 4) at 9 months postoperatively showed excellent motion at L4-5 without hypermobility.
Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs at 1 year postoperatively show no subsidence or migration of the artificial disc.
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Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed no subsidence or migration of the artificial disc at that time (Fig. 5).