PMC1382278_01
Parasternal long axis two-dimensional echocardiographic view showing dilated coronary sinus. (LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle, CS = coronary sinus).
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F1
Transthoracic echocardiography in parasternal and modified apical view showed a markedly dilated coronary sinus (Figures 1 and 2). Similarly, when the saline injection was given into the right antecubital vein, the contrast agent appeared first in the dilated coronary sinus and thereafter entered into the right atrium (Figure 3, additional file 1).
Modified apical 4 chamber two-dimensional echocardiographic view showing dilated coronary sinus with 2.8 cm in diameter. (LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle, CS = coronary sinus)
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F2
Transthoracic echocardiography in parasternal and modified apical view showed a markedly dilated coronary sinus (Figures 1 and 2). Transesophageal echocardiography showed absence of right SVC, presence of left SVC at lateral border of left atrium and no evidence of any other structural abnormalities of the heart and great thoracic vessels (Figure 4additional file 2).
Injection of agitated saline into both left and right antecubital vein results in filling of coronary sinus first followed by the filling of the right atrium (LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle, CS = coronary sinus).
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F3
Similarly, when the saline injection was given into the right antecubital vein, the contrast agent appeared first in the dilated coronary sinus and thereafter entered into the right atrium (Figure 3, additional file 1).
Transesophageal echocardiography in right atrial long axis two-dimensional echocardiographic view demonstrates absence of right vena cava superior (black star) (LA = left atrium, RA= right atrium).
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F4
Transesophageal echocardiography showed absence of right SVC, presence of left SVC at lateral border of left atrium and no evidence of any other structural abnormalities of the heart and great thoracic vessels (Figure 4additional file 2).
Upper venous digital subtraction cavography which indicates absence of the right superior vena cava and a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) in the left lateral part of the thorax (white arrow).
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F5
SVC and the presence of persistent left SVC (Figure 5). Surface electrocardiogram and laboratory exams were within normal limits.