PMC10410926_01
Adult patient with severe narrowing of the right vertebral artery (VA). (A) Lateral view of the right VA. (B) Anterior-posterior (AP) view of the right VA with V4 segment stenosis. (C) AP view of the right VA with measurements for stent placement. (D) Lateral view of the right VA after stent deployment. (E) AP view of the right VA after stent deployment.
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F1
Diagnostic angiography confirmed left VA occlusion and revealed intracranial VA atherosclerosis with critical right V4 stenosis and likely chronic distal left VA occlusion (figure 1).
PMC10410926_02
Adult patient with critical stenosis of the right internal carotid stenosis (ICA) in the distal petrous segment. (A) Anterior-posterior (AP) view of the right ICA with petrous stenosis. (B) Lateral view of the right ICA with petrous stenosis. (C) AP view of the right ICA with measurements for stent placement. (D) AP view of the right ICA after stent deployment. (E) Lateral view of the right ICA after stent deployment.
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F2
Pre-operation diagnostic angiogram confirmed the CTA finding, therefore, the patient was planned for right ICA stent placement for treatment of ICAD (figure 2).
PMC10410926_03
Adult patient with left supraclinoid internal carotid stenosis (ICA) stenosis. (A) Lateral view of left ICA with catheter in the prepetrous segment. (B) Anterior-posterior (AP) view of the left ICA with M1 stenosis and minimal filling of left anterior cerebral artery (ACA). (C) AP view of the left ICA with measurements for stent placement, X1=distal landing zone, X2=proximal landing zone, X3=stenosis distance. (D) AP view of the left ICA after stent deployment. (E) Lateral view of the left ICA after stent deployment. (F) AP view of the left ICA, with robust ACA filling and improved M1 stenosis after stent deployment. (G) Lateral view of the left ICA after stent deployment. (H) Lateral view of left ICA after stent deployment.
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F3
Pre-operative diagnostic angiogram showed narrowing of the left supraclinoid ICA; therefore, the patient was selected for left supraclinoid ICA stent placement (figure 3).