PMC3789579_01
The athlete undergoes cardiorespiratory exercise treadmill testing for estimate VO2 max and anaerobic threshold.
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During the cardiorespiratory exercise testing, the athlete has achieved a maximum heart rate of 195 bpm at the height of the effort to a VO2 max >50 ml/min/kg and a ventilatory anaerobic threshold corresponding to 82% of VO2 max (Figure 1).
Resting ECG and during exercise testing show normal pattern.
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ECG showed sinus rhythm, normal AV and intraventricular conduction (QRS <100 ms), with normal repolarization. ECG during exercise testing did not detect arrhythmias (Figure 2).
2D Trans-thoracic echocardiography show mild right ventricular enlargement and mild tricuspid regurgitation.
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Subsequent transthoracic bidimensional echocardiography (Figure 3) showed excellent repair of the VSD and normal size and normal morphology of the left ventricle, with preserved systolic and diastolic function.
Cardiac MRI reveals slight dilation with hypertrophy of the right ventricle and shows the infundibular region of the right ventricular outflow tract.
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Cardiac MRI was also performed, showing a slight dilatation and mild hypertrophy of the right ventricle, with normal biventricular contractile function and normal size of the aortic root and the pulmonary arteries, and without significant alterations of diameter at the level of the pulmonary valve (trivial regurgitation <5%) (Figure 4).