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Intracardiac echocardiogram from patient 1 before and after PFO closure. (a) The intracardiac echocardiogram shows the right atrium (RA), left atrium (LA), and PFO (demarcated by arrows). (b) Intracardiac echocardiography following deployment of the closure device, also demarcated by arrows (28 mm CardioSEAL Septal Occluder; NMT Medical Inc., Boston, MA, USA).
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fig1
A transthoracic echocardiogram with intravenous agitated saline demonstrated a PFO with bidirectional flow (Figure 1(a)). A follow-up echocardiogram showed only trace shunting during vigorous coughing (Figure 1(b)).
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