PMC10022663_01
Patient iVDPV sequence evolution and molecular clock analysis. .
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Molecular clock nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed the date of vaccine administration as compatible with the patient's last known OPV vaccination on 4 August 1986 ( Figure 1 ).
(A) A graphical representation of clinical timeline and relevant microbiological results. (B) iVDPV stool viral load on serial samples tested at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC). Unsuccessful trials of treatment for iVDPV are displayed from 1999 to 2003. Persistent iVDPV carriage is then demonstrated to last positive sample, November 2018. Initial negative stool samples following remdesivir therapy are shown. Patient stool samples remain negative to August 2022.
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Figure 2B ). Further details of these treatments are available in a previously published work. Clinical course and stool sampling for iVDPV are summarised in  Figure 2 .