PMC7530513_01
PMC7530513_02
Example of training task with action selection cues. (a) Training involved task-oriented training (e.g., functional movement of picking up a marble and placing it into a cup) with the addition of action selection demands to each movement repetition (e.g., visual cues dictated whether the marble should be picked up from the right bowl or the left bowl on each movement repetition). (b) The action selection rule varied (shapes and rules were changed to maintain challenge) and was used to provide selection of movements to the right or left, to a low surface or a high surface (e.g., pick up marble from the low table or the high table), or to a close location or a far location (e.g., pick up a marble from a close bowl or a far bowl).
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fig1
Supplemental Figure 1 for lesion location). Cues were displayed on a screen directly in front of the participant using E-Prime 2.0.10 (Psychology Software Tools, Sharpsburg, PA) and were designed to require movement selection between right and left, close and far, or high and low (Figure 1; Table 2).
Select and Execute cues used during the brain-behavior probe. During Select, movement direction was dictated by an abstract rule (large square or small circle = move right; small square or large circle = move left). During Execute, movement direction was the same on every trial regardless of visual cue. The same Select cue set was used in the first arm training session.
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fig2
On the first day of training, all participants began with the same cue mapping used in the brain-behavior probe (Level 5: small square-large circle/large square-small circle; Figure 2). In the Select condition, the individual moved right or left based on an abstract rule (Figure 2).