Purpose:
Congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-flow vascular lesions consisting of abnormal shunts between arteries and veins within a nidus. The rare presentation and extensive network of vasculature contributes to the difficulty in effective treatment. Optimal therapeutic options are determined based on the clinical presentation, the location of the lesion, and possible complications.
Case report:
A 24-year-old male patient with a history of recurrent pain following sexual intercourse presented with complaints of intense pelvic pain radiating to the perineal area. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a large venous aneurysm as an outflow vein of a right-sided pelvic AVM. Embolisation of the outflow veins was established along with direct percutaneous delivery of fibre coils and thrombin to the venous aneurysm of the AVM. With recurring symptoms and AVM recanalisation on angiography, another direct puncture and placement of pushable coils was made. Total AVM occlusion was achieved with no recanalisation on follow-up digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and the patient remained asymptomatic.
Conclusions:
Endovascular embolisation of the nidus area may result in a complete occlusion of an AVM. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the vascular anatomy of the AVM is essential in choosing an effective embolisation strategy and to minimise the risk of possible complications.