Cryptococcosis is the most common fungal disease in HIV-infected persons. It is known as the AIDS-defining illness for 60-70% of HIV-infected patients. Before antiretroviral therapy (ARV) was discovered, fungal and other opportunistic infections were a major problem for people with advanced HIV/AIDS. Presented here is a case of a 43-year-old man who was newly diagnosed HIV, in which he was admitted due to shortness of breath and decreased consciousness. His clinical symptoms, physical examination, laboratory and radiologic findings indicated a Cryptococcus neoformans infection. The patient had received treatment using anti-fungal and ARV that showed a clinical improvement during observation.