In general, the cancer-bearing rate of patients on dialysis is considered to be higher than that of healthy individuals. There is no established chemotherapy regimen for patients on hemodialysis (HD), but some reports have described chemotherapy administration in such patients according to HD conditions, residual renal function, and the drug metabolic pathway. We present a case involving a 76-year-old female patient on HD who underwent chemotherapy for mediastinal lymph node recurrence of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast (NECB) using 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC 100) and docetaxel (DTX). The patient showed a complete response to the treatment and survived longer than expected. This is the first report demonstrating a complete response to chemotherapy for the recurrence of primary NECB with the patient having survived for a long time after treatment.