Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacillus and an unusual cause of endocarditis. We report the first case of a 74-year-old woman who developed a Yersinia enterocolitica endocarditis on an aortic bioprosthesis. Case of a 74-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C who developed a Yersinia enterocolitica endocarditis on an aortic bioprosthesis in the weeks following an infective diarrhea with bacteremia. The patient was cured without surgery using ceftriaxone followed by oral fluoroquinolone according to the antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) results. Y. enterocolitica is a very rare cause of endocarditis and iron overload and chronic hepatitis C have been reported as predisposing conditions. The pathogenicity and virulence of the various serotypes of Y. enterocolitica are discussed.