We herein report an 83-year-old woman with filgrastim-associated aortitis during chemotherapy for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She had been treated with filgrastim as a prophylaxis for neutropenia during the fourth cycle of chemotherapy from day 9 to 18. On day 21, she developed a fever. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed aortitis of the descending aorta. The fever abated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment. A literature review identified a small number of aortitis cases all caused by prophylactic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), among which short-acting filgrastim was rarely encountered. The present and previous findings imply a possible relationship between aortitis and prophylactic G-CSF usage.