Introduction:
Gastric hyperplastic polyps are common stomach lesion and these polyps are generally benign. However, they can undergo malignant transformation. Most reported cases of malignant transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps have been to well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and those transformed into poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. No case has been reported that has changed to diffuse type adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion.
Presentation of case:
A 48-year-old woman presented with worsening anemia. A polyp was seen in the gastric cardia seven years prior to presentation. Helicobacter pylori infection was also found at that time. She underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy of the polyp revealed signet ring cell carcinoma. Total gastrectomy was performed due to concern about possible invasion into the submucosal layer and there was no evidence of distant metastases. Histologic examination revealed both poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma surrounded by hyperplastic epithelium at the head of the polyp. Lymphatic invasion was also found, and malignant cells were limited to the mucosa.
Discussion:
Gastric hyperplastic polyps are commonly associated with chronic gastritis which is related to Helicobacter pylori infections. Gastric hyperplastic polyps are generally benign and rarely undergo malignant transformation to adenocarcinoma with differentiated histology. The gastric hyperplastic polyp in this patient transformed to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion.
Conclusion:
Even small polyps may become poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with invasion, so close follow-up or endoscopic resection are recommended as well as eradication of Helico Pylori infection when appropriate.