Background:
Allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients are prone to infections by various organisms. Tuberculosis (TB) represents a rare infectious complication, especially in countries non-endemic for TB.
Case report:
Here, we report the case of a German patient with exposure to TB decades before he was diagnosed with disseminated TB as well as synchronous Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorder and cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Tuberculostatic and virostatic therapy was administered and the patient could be discharged with no apparent signs of infection two weeks after initiation of therapy.
Conclusion:
This case illustrates the need for awareness of mycobacterial infections in patients from non-endemic regions undergoing stem cell transplantation even if other reasons for fever are present.