Rationale:
The atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital anomalies in adults, but it is rarely diagnosed. It is characterized by a defect in the interatrial septum that allows pulmonary venous return to pass from the left to the right atrium.
Objective:
A case of a 75-year-old female who presented with dyspnea, orthopnea, lower extremities swelling and palpitations is reported here. She had a 3 years history of atrial fibrillation and one-year history of cardiac failure NYHA (New York Heart Association) class Ⅱ.
Methods and results:
Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated right atrium of 74,2 mm, a dilated left atrium of 55,2 mm, a dilated left ventricle of 64/72,3 mm, a dilated right ventricle of 44,4 mm. Atrial septal defect ostium secundum type, with left-to-right shunt. Severe tricuspid insufficiency with a maximum gradient of 55,4 mm Hg. 4th degree mitral insufficiency. Severe pulmonary hypertension of 75 mm Hg. The ejection fraction of 29%. Atrial fibrillation. Interventricular sept with paradoxical motion.
Discussion:
Ostium secundum defect is the most common type of atrial septal defect and accounts for 60-70% of all cases. The malformation often goes unnoticed for decades because symptoms may be absent and because physical signs are subtle. Symptoms usually take 30-40 years to develop. They are the consequences of pulmonary hypertension, atrial tachyarrhythmias and, sometimes, associated mitral valve disease. The echocardiography can establish the size and location of the atrial septal defect, the magnitude and hemodynamic impact of the left-to-right shunt, and the presence and degree of pulmonary hypertension. The particularity of this case is that the patient lived for over 70 years almost asymptomatic.