Background:
To comment on the diagnosis and management of a rupture of arteriovenous fistula which is a rare but serious complication after transplant kidney's biopsy.
Case presentation:
The report was performed on a serious case with rupture of arteriovenous fistula after transplant kidney's biopsy in 108 Military Central Hospital. On the 7th day after biopsy, after moving out of the technical room for double J-stent removal, the patient suddenly felt a sharp pain in the transplanted kidney, followed by constant and increasing pain, also complete anuria. We revealed an arteriovenous fistula at the lower pole causing the parenchymal rupture and a large hematoma surround the graft and occupying the retroperitoneum. The emergency operation was done to remove the hematoma and suture the graft's wound containing the arteriovenous fistula to stop the bleeding and eventually salvage the graft.
Conclusion:
Rupture of arteriovenous fistula after transplant kidney's biopsy is a rare but severe complication likely lead to graft loss. The patient should be carefully monitored with blood tests and Doppler ultrasound as a routine at least 2 weeks after biopsy.