Congenital Bochdalek hernia is a defect of the diaphragm and very rare in adults. Only around 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case with a recurrent ovarian cancer who underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. An oval defect with dimensions of 3 × 4 cm was seen in the left posterolateral site of the diaphragm during surgical exploration. In addition, a 6 × 3 cm iatrogenic right-sided diaphragmatic defect was found and repaired. In the early postoperative period, a bilateral thalamic infarction occurred.