Crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been found to be effective in the treatment of c-ros oncogene 1-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Although this targeted agent for treating cancer has shown superiority to standard chemotherapy in some ways, this drug has adverse effects, such as the development of renal abscesses. Some associated renal damage may disappear with crizotinib withdrawal. Hence, we present the case of a 58-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer on crizotinib therapy who developed bilateral renal abnormal space-occupying lesions, successively which were difficult to identify using various imaging methods; even PET-CT highly suspected the right renal masses as malignant. Finally, the right renal lesions were confirmed as renal abscesses by postoperative pathology. The left renal lesion was considered as renal cysts through the lesion disappearing after crizotinib withdrawal. There have been very few reports in this respect, especially proved by various methods and confirmed by postoperative pathology. It is important to recognize this drug-related complication in order to avoid incorrect diagnosis and inadequate therapy. It is necessary to monitor renal changes after taking crizotinib.