Pulmonary endometriosis (PEM) is a rare disease characterized by the proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue in the lungs, which presents as catamenial hemoptysis. A 20-year-old-woman was admitted for repeated hemoptysis. Chest CT revealed a ground-glass opacity that appeared consistently with her menstrual cycle. Our detailed inquiry revealed a history of artificial abortion, which was followed by the use of oral contraceptives and catamenial hemoptysis after the discontinuation of these medications. Surgical removal was performed and histopathological examinations confirmed PEM. This clinical course suggested hematogenous metastasis. An inquiry regarding the patient's history of uterine procedures and use of oral contraceptives was suggestive for the diagnosis of this disease.