Background: Migration of mesh after ventral and incisional hernia repair is a rare but well described complication. The aim of our work is to present two cases of mesh migration after incisional hernia repair and to review the current literature. Methods: We describe the two cases of mesh migration that occurred at our department. Additionally, we performed a systematic literature search. Results: In both cases we observed a mesh migration with formation of an entero-cutaneous fistula that required surgical therapy. In the literature search we found a total of 16 publications dealing with mesh migration after incisional (n=14) and ventral hernia (n=2) repair in adult patients (15 case reports and one retrospective study). In 9 out of 15 patients (54%) who presented with mesh migration or erosion, a polypropylene mesh was responsible for this complication. Conclusions: Mesh migration after abdominal hernia repair is rare, the only available retrospective study reports a rate of 2.7%. The ability of polypropylene mesh to migrate into hollow viscera is well known and confirmed both by our data and the results of the literature review. As the incidence of mesh erosion/migration is significantly lower than the recurrence rate after hernia repair without mesh, up to now, no better alternative exists for the treatment of abdominal wall hernia than mesh augmentation.