Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this was the second major breakthrough in china 's nuclear weapons development and was the basis for developing a system of ballistic missiles and missile -equipped troops .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb reach application stage ; research on a new generation of nuclear weapons the application of the atomic bomb and the h- bomb involved converting the experimental nuclear device into a weapon according to certain tactical and technical requirements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in june 1963 the central special committee decided that the weapons production problem after the first nuclear test must be solved .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

thanks to the definitive guidance thoughts in nuclear weapons development and the hard work of weapons developers and nuclear fuel producers , the progress was relatively smooth and the central special committee 's requests were met either in time or ahead of schedule .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the airborne atomic bomb consisted of the nuclear device , the detonation system , and the bomb shell .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china 's first nuclear device was originally designed for atmospheric explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

under the guidance of guo yonghuai , scientists in the nuclear weapons institute began the design in april 1960 and designed three aerodynamic profiles for the bomb shell .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after the mode of testing for the first nuclear device was changed to a tower explosion , research on the air-drop atomic bomb continued .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in 1963 the nuclear weapons institute collaborated with a unit in the air force to conduct flight tests for the detonation control system .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after a number of improvements , the detonation control system was completed by the nuclear weapons institute in early 1965 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after china 's first successful nuclear test , scientists at the nuclear weapons institute improved upon the theoretical model of the nuclear device based on the tactical and technical requirements of air-dropped bombs and raised the reliability of the structure .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the model bomb for practicing air drops and the bomb for `` cold '' experiments and live tests were completed respectively at the end of march and april at the northwest nuclear weapons development base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

from the first nuclear test to the first air-drop nuclear test , only 8 months elapsed .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear weapons institute followed the policy set by the central special committee that `` nuclear weapons research should be based primarily on missile warheads and only supplemented by air-dropped bombs , '' and began developing atomic bomb missile warheads .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to ensure normal functioning of the warhead under these conditions , scientists at the nuclear weapons institute designed a safety device for the detonation system and reliable trigger and self-destruct systems .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

if the missile launch failed , the nuclear warhead would not lead to a nuclear explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

first , certain key components of the detonation system of the nuclear device and the entire system were given centrifuge , vibration , impact , and extreme-temperature tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

next , they went beyond the limitation of simulated transport of the model bomb and boldly tested high-speed transport of the nuclear warhead at 40 kilometers per hour .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to test the detonation control system for the warhead ; they also conducted `` cold '' runs without the nuclear material .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to ensure absolute safety , the nuclear weapons institute of the second ministry of machine building followed zhou enlai 's instruction and conducted combustion tests that simulated the situation of a nuclear warhead with the safety still engaged and simulated drop impact tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these tests showed that the nuclear warhead was safe and reliable .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after the successful completion of the above tests , a nuclear missile was successfully launched on 27 october 1966 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this proved that china had acquired battle-ready nuclear missiles .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in china 's nuclear weapons development the first nuclear material used was enriched uranium-235 and thermonuclear material lithium deuteride -6 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to improve the quality , increase the power and reduce the weight of nuclear weapons , china urgently needed to produce plutonium and tritium .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after 4 years , the baotou nuclear fuel element plant produced acceptable fuel elements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the completion of the pu-239 and tritium production facilities provided important materials for improving the performance of nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the development of the air-dropped nuclear bomb and nuclear missile warhead and the breakthrough in hydrogen bomb technology were the foundation for making the hydrogen bomb a weapon .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

many senior and mid-level scientists engaged in nuclear weapons research and cadres at the office and shop level were criticized and persecuted ; research and experimentation could not proceed normally .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

beginning in 1967 , the defense science commission and the office of defense industries have held many meetings with r & d units for missiles and nuclear weapons to discuss the tactical and technical targets of thermonuclear warheads .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to make the thermonuclear warhead more compact , lighter , reliable and easier to use , scientists and researchers engaged in nuclear device research and the development of detonation control and remote sensing systems branched out into other areas .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these areas included new structures , new technologies , new materials and new designs , detonation control system reliability , environmental adaptability , miniaturization design , explosive power reliability , experimental techniques to evaluate the flight of the nuclear device , more advanced , multifunction large facilities , and ground testing facilities .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to evaluate the explosion performance of the nuclear device , researchers also followed zhou enlai 's request and tested the flight of the nuclear device using nonnuclear means .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the test they used was not only safe and economical , but also met the requirement of evaluating the nuclear device .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after the completion of the nuclear device evaluation , scientists at the nuclear weapons design institute proceeded with the test production using the design drawings and technical documents .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

scientists at the nuclear weapons design institute followed the new direction of smaller , mobile , safe , and reliable nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they explored new design theories and manufacturing techniques and launched into the development of a new generation of nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

under the leadership of the office of defense industries and the second ministry of machine building , the nuclear weapons design institute cooperated with the northwest nuclear testing base and conducted a series of experiments from 1982 to 1988 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the design principle was checked , breakthroughs were made in key technologies , and china 's nuclear weapons research entered a new era .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china made the decision to develop nuclear weapons in the mid-1950s .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the last 30 years , china has established a complete nuclear science and technology industrial system , cultivated a formidable power , accumulated rich experience , and built a high-level r & d team .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they also made major achievements in the research of new nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they have made great contributions to china 's defense construction and broke the nuclear threat and nuclear blackmail by the superpowers .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

however , there were also failures and set-backs in china 's nuclear weapons development .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

due to insufficient understanding of the scientific principles , some nuclear tests did not reach the expected goals .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

shall continue to develop nuclear technology and to maintain an effective defense nuclear force for the purpose of national defense and world peace .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

a nuclear weapons testing is the explosion experiment of a nuclear device conducted under present conditions and based on military needs and scientific research goals .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it is indispensable to the development of nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china began building its nuclear test sites in 1958 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

by 1989 , china had conducted 34 nuclear tests using different test methods and at different power .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these tests provided important basis for the research and improvement of nuclear weapons and for the design , production , and application of nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

surveying , siting and setting up of test base


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in april 1958 , the central military commission decided to build a nuclear test site -lrb- later known as the nuclear test base -rrb- and assigned army engineers the job of surveying , siting , designing , and constructing the test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

a nuclear test team was formed based on part of the cadres and soldiers of the shangqiu infantry school .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this team was first responsible for surveying and constructing the base , and then was given the duty of conducting the nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in july , chief of staff huang kecheng -lsb- 7806 0344 6134 -rsb- obtained the approval of peng dehuai to build the nuclear testing ground .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in august 1958 , the ministry of defense appointed zhang yunyu -lsb- 1728 5686 6877 -rsb- to be director of the nuclear test team -lrb- later the title was changed to nuclear test base commander -rrb- , chang yong -lsb- 1603 0516 -rsb- to head the political committee , and zhang zhishan -lsb- 1728 1807 0810 -rsb- to be deputy director -lrb- later changed to deputy commander of the nuclear test base -rrb- .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

for 2 months , an expedition of 1,800 people consisting of the nuclear test team , the topographical drafting team of the chief of staff , the geological survey team of the ministry of metallurgical industry and the engineer troops , led by zhang zhishan and chang yong , completed the topographical survey , engineering geology , and hydrological geology survey .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

under such wind directions , the effects of the radioactive materials from the nuclear test still awaited the study by the soviet experts .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in early november , after zhang yunyu assumed his duties , he carefully surveyed the construction zone and studied the detailed organization of the nuclear test team with chang yong and zhang zhishan .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 21 november 1958 , the soviet union recommended to china by letter that the feasibility of moving the nuclear test site to the lop nur region in xinjiang should be considered .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 6 february , in a report submitted to huang kecheng , wan yi proposed that the nuclear test field be built in the region northwest of lop nur .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 4 may , the headquarters of the engineers submitted a nuclear test site survey report to peng dehuai and huang kecheng .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

concurrent with the siting survey , the organization of the nuclear test team was also being worked on .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the general political department picked cadres with sound political and military training for the nuclear test team from the services , military schools , and the various military regions .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the general staff headquarters dispatched troops from shenyang , beijing , and jinan military regions to the nuclear test site .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

by the end of may the nuclear test team was basically established .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

overcoming difficulties in building the test base


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in mid-june 1959 , the nuclear test base held its first expanded meeting , chaired by the party secretary chang yong of the base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in addition , the no. 273 hospital in guangzhou military region was transferred to the nuclear test base to serve the construction workers .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the signal corps , the engineers command and the nuclear test base jointly conducted communications and control tests between the control zone and the experimental central zone .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the relevant personnel came from the defense engineering design institute of the engineers , the communications troops of the general staff headquarters , and technical staff at the nuclear test base and the 9th bureau of the second ministry of machine building .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

for this reason , the construction design of the nuclear test base was still not available at the end of 1962 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test base was taking shape .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 25 december , zhang aiping and liu xiyao chaired a nuclear test preparation meeting .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

following the meeting , special task teams were formed to prepare for the nuclear test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

-lrb- a -rrb- establishing research institutes and preparing for experimental technology in october 1962 , the defense science commission proposed and obtained approval to form a nuclear weapons experiment institute based on the technology foundation of the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in early november , the second ministry assigned deputy director cheng kaijia of the nuclear weapons institute and director of technology zhang chao -lsb- 1728 6389 -rsb- of the nuclear test base to be jointly responsible for the building of the nuclear weapons experiment institute .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the spirit was to proceed with building the institute and to prepare for the nuclear test at the same time .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to meet the needs of r & d , the nuclear weapons experiment institute established a technology committee .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

deputy director lu min of the nuclear physics laboratory , with strong support from the atomic energy institute , developed a complete equipment system for measuring nuclear chain reaction kinetics .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

wang ruzhi was responsible for measuring the nuclear explosion shock wave and explosion equivalence and sun ruifan was responsible for measuring the fireball and the radiation .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

-lrb- b -rrb- selecting a surface nuclear test site from november 1962 to early 1963 , the defense science commission had more than once brought together the nuclear weapons institute , the nuclear weapons institute and other research units to study the testing method and testing plan for the first atomic bomb in china .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test base then organized a siting effort for the ground explosion , formulated a layout plan for the test site , and had the defense engineering design institute design a steel tower .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the construction of the nuclear test site began around april 1963 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the institute did not have reference material on most of the items , but managed to carry out research and design simultaneously , with close cooperation from the nuclear weapons institute and the nuclear weapons experiment institute .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

under the unified command of the defense science commission , these units moved into the nuclear test experiment field in an orderly manner .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the organization and command of the test site was based on the `` methods for nuclear weapons testing `` authored by zhang ying .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the test mission was jointly assumed by the 21st team of the nuclear test base , the ninth team of the second ministry of machine building , and the atomic energy institute .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the test items included in the experiment were mechanics , optics , and three types of nuclear measurements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the bureau assigned a group of specialists to enhance the weather stations at the nuclear test base ; new instruments were installed .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the communications assurance team of the nuclear test base installed permanent circuits at the test zone , built a radio receiver and transmitter center , telephone stations , carrier stations , booster stations , power stations , and 50 km of insulated wire .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they jointly formulated safety and security regulations and rules with the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the air force established a command post at the nuclear test base and used 14 aircraft for transportation , acquiring radioactive samples , dosimetry surveys , weather surveillance , searching the landing points of sample parachutes , and aerial photography .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

logistics in the experiment zone was handled by the nuclear test base , with strong support coming from the general logistics department , the second material department , the military medicine college , the second mobile field hospital , and the ministry of trade .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the group was headed by the military transport department of the general staff headquarters and supported by the second material department of the general logistics department and the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

organizing test rehearsal for direct experience


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the rehearsal for the first nuclear test was conducted under conditions that approached the real test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

for the on-site dry run , the northwest nuclear weapons development base of the second ministry of machine building specifically produced a simulated atomic bomb .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the committees were made up by leading cadres and experts from the defense science commission , the second ministry of machine building , the nuclear test base , and the headquarters and armed services .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test committee party secretary put forth a call for `` guaranteed detonation , measurement , and security . ''


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test committee party secretary ordered that `` each small problem must be solved and no tests will proceed with unresolved problems . ''


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

first atomic bomb successfully detonated


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

at 1504 , zhang aiping reported to zhou enlai that : `` the atomic bomb was exploded on schedule , the mushroom cloud has risen , and the explosion indications show that it was a nuclear explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the rock and sand on the ground around the tower were melted by the high temperature of the nuclear explosion and had turned into fused glass .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they verified that a nuclear explosion had indeed taken place and the power was estimated to be more than 20,000 tons of tnt equivalent .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in mid-november , experts and scientists at the northwest nuclear weapons development base and the nuclear weapons experiment institute made a systematic analysis of the test data .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this marked the milestone that china was in possession of practical nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

from mid-february 1965 , on-site preparations were carried out at the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

by 11 april , construction teams of the nuclear test base , the railway troops and the ministry of petroleum had completed 351 tasks including installing the target marker and the radar reflectors , and various testing and radiation effect experiments .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

units participating in the study included air force headquarters , the lanzhou air force weather bureau , the northwest general missile test base , and the weather department of the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the general staff training department organized tactical teams of the armed services and prepared for the tactical exercise under the conditions of a nuclear explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the two bombs for the dry run and the two bombs -lrb- one spare -rrb- for the official test were fully assembled at the northwest nuclear weapons development base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in mid-march , zhang aiping , zhang zhenhuan and others inspected the bombing training and the preparation for the airburst test at the flight training field and the nuclear experimental zone .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 20 march , the central special committee reviewed the nuclear bomb preparation .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china was facing nuclear blackmail and nuclear threat .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it did not want to make hundreds of nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

our nuclear tests were all based on military and scientific and technological needs and had to be successful on the first test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

meanwhile , the central special committee and the central military commission approved a 90 -member second nuclear test committee to lead the test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

successful airburst test of first atomic bomb


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

during the waiting period , the various units took protective measures for the nuclear bomb projectile , the aircraft , expensive instruments , and specimens .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the zero hour information was then given to the air force command and the northwest nuclear weapons development base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

as planned , the nuclear weapons experiment institute and the artillery effects team immediately made rapid measurements of the nature of the explosion , its altitude , projection point , and power .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

three minutes after the explosion , the first radiation observation eschelon of the first chemical company of the nuclear test base left its position and moved toward the explosion zone .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

outside the nuclear test site , various departments conducted planned tests and proved that there was very little surface particulate contamination , all dosages were within the allowable range .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to praise and encourage the people who had participated in the development and testing of the nuclear weapons , the communist party central committee and national leaders zhou enlai , lin biao , chen yi , he long , nie rongzhen , and luo ruiqing received the department leaders , scientists , technical experts , and pilots in the great hall of the people on 30 may .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to test a missile with a nuclear warhead , the missile serves as the carrier and a nuclear warhead is delivered to a target location to cause a nuclear explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 27 october 1966 , china successfully delivered an atomic bomb with a medium- to short-range missile and conducted a nuclear explosion test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 5 december 1963 , the central special committee made a decision that china 's nuclear weapons development should be based mainly on missile -delivered warheads supplemented by aircraft -delivered warheads .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to link up the atomic bomb technology with the missile technology , technical discussions and coordination were held by scientists and engineers from the nuclear weapons institute of the second ministry of machine building and the fifth academy of the ministry of defense .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

initially , the nuclear weapons institute believed that an atomic bomb would be ready for installment on a medium- to short-range missile after ground simulation tests for missile flight environment , detonation test , full-range flight test of the detonation control system , and underground tests of the performance of the nuclear warhead .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

for this reason , the third nuclear test arranged by the defense science commission was an underground test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in order to develop nuclear warheads that could survive the flight test , the underground test was temporarily put on hold ; instead , a `` cold '' test under flight conditions would be conducted .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in february 1966 , the defense science commission invited leaders from the second and seventh ministries of machine building , the general staff , the equipment planning department , the northwest general missile test base , and the nuclear test base to study the test proposal of the -lrb- modified -rrb- medium- to short-range surface-to-surface missile with nuclear warhead .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear warhead had a safety switch and the switch would not open if the warhead fell off during flight .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the bomb body would be destroyed upon impacting the ground but there would not be a nuclear fission reaction .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in order to guarantee the absolute safety of the `` hot '' flight test of the nuclear warhead missile , the defense science commission , the office of defense industries , and the second and seventh ministries of machine building made careful preparations .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear weapons institute of the second ministry of machine building conducted a series of tests for the nuclear device and the detonation control system .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test base selected the target zone , built rudimentary roads to the target zone , constructed measurement stations , proposed measurement plan , and made arrangements to measure the explosion position and explosion power .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 30 june , on his way back to beijing from an overseas trip , zhou enlai stopped by the northwest general missile test base , viewed the launch test for the medium- to short-range missile and inspected the preparation for the nuclear weapons test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear warhead had to go through impact tests , including oblique impact and lateral impact .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

scientists of the northwest nuclear weapons development base repeatedly and rigorously inspected and tested each component .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

with assistance from scientists of the first academy of the seventh ministry of machine building , final assembly of the nuclear warhead was carefully checked out .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear missile was ready for launch .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

at 09 : 09 : 14 , the nuclear warhead exploded above the target zone at an altitude of 569 meters .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the success of this test showed that china now had a practical nuclear missile .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was highly significant for china in terms of an accelerated pace for nuclear weapons development and a stronger national power .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the meantime , china also gained the full experience of developing a nuclear warhead .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after that , other models of china 's surface-to-surface nuclear warheads did not go through this type of actual flight test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

subsequently the nuclear test base decided the position of the steel tower and formulated the experimental plan .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these tasks were accomplished by the cooperation of a number of institutes , including the nuclear weapons institute , the atomic energy institute , the physics institute of the chinese academy of sciences , the shanghai institute of optics and fine mechanics , the xi'an institute of optics and fine mechanics , the changchun institute of optics and fine mechanics , and zhejiang university .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the effort was led by the nuclear weapons test institute .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

test command and logistical protection in formulating the test plan for this test , the nuclear test base recognized the complexity and safety requirements of the test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

having directed the nuclear missile test at the northwest general missile test base , nie rongzhen came to the nuclear test base again on 31 october and inspected the preparation for the hydrogen bomb principle test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the defense science commission sent hu ruogu to the northwest nuclear weapons development base to solve some problems in the test preparation .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was another milestone in china 's nuclear weapons development history .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

because the weather and protection department of the nuclear test base had chosen the appropriate wind direction to conduct the test , the central axis of the radioactive cloud missed the residential area downwind from the explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

from 30 to 31 december 1966 , nie rongzhen held a meeting at the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in early february 1967 , several scientists in the nuclear weapons institute of the second ministry of machine building suggested to hu ruogu and zhu guangya that the theoretical design of the full-power hydrogen bomb could be finalized in february and the test date should be moved forward .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the defense science commission carefully studied the situation with the second ministry , the nuclear test base , and the air force and briefed zhou enlai and nie rongzhen on 20 february about the preparation progress for the first airburst test of the hydrogen bomb .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test base and the northwest nuclear weapons development base then formulated their respective execution plans and preparations for the test began in march .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the bomb 's shell was designed by the northwest nuclear weapons development base and the bomb body parts were manufactured by the surface-to-surface missile assembly plant of the seventh ministry of machine building .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test base sent people to participate in the test and to become familiar with the operation of the aircraft , parachute , and bomb .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the defense science commission formed an aircraft safety computation group with personnel from the northwest nuclear weapons developments base , the third ministry of machine building , the nuclear weapons institute , and the air force command .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

heeding the request of the defense science commission , the nuclear test base carefully investigated the safety problems within and without the test zone .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

learning from previous nuclear tests , a strict safety protection plan was formulated .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to organize the test , the nuclear test base consolidated the experience of previous tests and carefully formulated test plans , communications plans , and other test preparations .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

xin xianjie and other scientists of the control technology laboratory in the nuclear weapons institute independently designed and developed a sensitive , reliable , and energy-saving second-generation control system capable of long-distance remote control .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the central special committee also agreed to have the party committee chairman of the nuclear test base be in charge of the on-site command of the test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the hong - 6a dropped a `` cold '' bomb with a detonation control system but without a nuclear payload .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they also formulated a test zone safety and protection plan for a surface nuclear explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 16 june , nie rongzhen arrived at the nuclear test site to supervise the test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china 's successful hydrogen bomb test was another leap forward in china 's nuclear weapons development .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was the foundation for the development of strategic thermonuclear warheads and nuclear weapon -equipped troops .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

test of injurious and destructive effects of nuclear weapons


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the explosion of a nuclear weapon causes severe damage to personnel and structures .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the five injurious and destructive effects are shock wave , light radiation , early nuclear radiation , radioactive contamination , and nuclear electromagnetic pulse .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

tests of the characteristics and changes of such effects serve as basis for combat application of nuclear weapons and for protection against nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the subsequent atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons , there have been tests on injurious and destructive effects -lrb- `` effects tests '' -rrb- conducted by military and civilian units .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the effects tests of the second nuclear test were conducted by the military training department of the general staff headquarters .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to study the injurious effects of nuclear weapons on personnel , the health ministry and the general logistics department placed monkeys , rabbits , and dogs at different locations and distances -lsb- from the blast -rsb- .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

based on these results , protective methods for personnel against nuclear weapons were designed and radiation medicine was advanced .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

simulated two-way tunnel and a section of 1 : 1 -scale simulated two-way tunnel at the test site to evaluate the protection against nuclear weapons for the beijing subway that was under construction at the time .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in seven nuclear tests , data were collected at the top , bottom , wall , posts , exits , entrances , front , middle and rear sections and at the gates of the simulated subway .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

even for a surface nuclear explosion , the anti-shock and ventilation systems remained sound and the animals inside the tunnel were unharmed .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

military and civilian units , including the engineers , tested the endurance and protection of permanent structures , entrenchments , and buildings against nuclear explosions .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

important understandings were gained for organizing communications under nuclear explosion conditions .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the general logistics department and the chemical troops monitored radioactive contamination of the ground surface and the personnel and material in all the nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this knowledge played a guiding role for organizing nuclear protection in wartime .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to explore combat experience and troop training under nuclear conditions , the general staff organized team tactical exercises during nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the nuclear test on 26 september 1976 , an army division commander of a certain military region led 3,000 soldiers in a tactical exercise 90 minutes after the explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these were exploratory activities for gaining experience in command and troop movement under nuclear explosion conditions .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

combat troops and chemical troops were trained in the nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the general staff headquarters and the defense science commission also organized learning sessions at the nuclear test site for senior and middle level commanders in the armed forces , leading cadres in the state council and various departments and committees , and protection cadres in the state , provinces and municipalities .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china conducted a total of 23 nuclear tests in the atmosphere .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

a total of 100,000 people -lsb- people -times -rsb- participated in the effects tests at the nuclear test site .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they compiled 15 volumes -lrb- 20 million words -rrb- of technical data on basic nuclear explosions , radioactive contamination , and protective effects .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

based on these results they published the document `` injurious and destructive effects of nuclear weapons and their protection '' for the training of troops and for engineering construction and personnel protection .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

based on test data and theoretical research results , cheng kaijia , sun ruifan , xin xianjie , and qiao dengjiang -lsb- 0829 4098 3068 -rsb- compiled the `` handbook of china 's nuclear effects tests . ''


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these technical data and information filled a void in china and provided valuable experience in training the troops , use of nuclear weapons , protection against nuclear weapons , improving the weapons , building military and civil defense facilities , waterworks , and agricultural production .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it also provided real data for improving the design of nuclear weapons and for promoting the development of nuclear weapons and experimental technology .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the destructive effects of the shock wave , light radiation , early nuclear radiation , and nuclear electromagnetic pulse take place mainly within 1 minute of the explosion ; they are instantaneous destructive effects .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

therefore , the first thing to consider in atmospheric nuclear tests is the protection against radioactive precipitation and radiation .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china has carefully studied the safety problem ever since the survey of the nuclear test site .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the reason that lop nur was chosen as the nuclear test site was that its distance from cities prevents and minimizes radioactive precipitation hazards to personnel .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

every time the defense science commission arranges an atmospheric nuclear test , it organizes specialists and technical staff to make exhaustive studies of test safety and to formulate the test plan and protective measures .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

safety and protection at the test site and its vicinity


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in china 's first nuclear test , the test party committee formulated safety and protection regulations and took strict measures for safety .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

for example , when the nuclear explosion took place , all the test personnel gathered in a safe zone to observe .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these practices ensured the successes of the first nuclear tests and have been strictly adhered to and improved upon in the following tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

when high-power nuclear explosion tests were conducted in the atmosphere , the nuclear test base sent personnel to nearby settlement points to organize safety protection and to conduct dosage measurement .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

investigations were made to ascertain whether the radioactive materials released in the nuclear tests had caused local environmental contamination and whether they posed a health hazard to local residents .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these studies were made by 40 scientists from the following units : the health and protection station of the xinjiang radiation medicine office , the hami region immunology station , the altay region immunology station , and the nuclear weapons institute .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the region of investigation near the nuclear test site refers to the nearest villages from the lop nur test site in different directions .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the environments of the investigation region and the control region were basically the same except for the degree of contamination by the nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after comprehensive , careful , and exhaustive investigation , the following conclusions were reached : the nuclear tests did not cause noticeable local contamination of residential areas and the tests had no detrimental effects on the health of the residents .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in each of the nuclear tests , they followed the forecast of radioactive cloud movements and acquired samples along three lines in the east , southeast , and northeast .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the 23 atmospheric nuclear tests china conducted , the air force flew a total of 485 sorties using 283 aircraft of six different models .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

for example , the large atmospheric nuclear explosion that took place on 29 september 1969 was originally scheduled for 26 september .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to assess the dust fallout situation in china after the nuclear tests , the ministry of health established the industrial hygiene institute as a national center and built 46 environmental radiation monitoring stations around the country .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in each nuclear test , these stations measured the amount of dust fallout , radioactivity concentration in near-surface air , radioactivity in rain water and water sources , the degree of contamination of vegetables and gamma ray dosage at the ground surface .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in june 1979 , these units made a comprehensive analysis of the monitor data and residents health data collected in the various nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in comparison studies , there was also no evidence that the residents ' health had been affected by the dust fallout of the nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china has acquired a great amount of data on aerial radioactive clouds and radioactive dust fallout outside the test zone in its many atmospheric nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

based on the measured data and analysis of radiation dosage in downwind areas , it was concluded that china 's nuclear tests posed no danger to the population of neighboring countries in the downwind direction .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

because china paid so much attention to the health and safety of the population within and without china and worked so hard on safety and protection , all its 23 nuclear tests were conducted safely .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in underground nuclear tests the nuclear device is buried at a certain depth underground and then detonated .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

generally there are two types of underground tests : tunnel nuclear tests and shaft nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

compared to atmospheric nuclear tests , underground tests require a higher degree of technology , more construction work , and a higher cost ; however , they have certain unique advantages .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in particular , physical diagnostic measurements may be carried out very close to the nuclear device .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

results of underground tests are useful for improving nuclear weapon design and for studying the linear destructive effects of radiation .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these data are indispensable in the theoretical research and design of nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the move from atmospheric tests to underground tests was necessitated by the objective needs of nuclear weapons development .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear device and various probes are installed in the tunnel .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after the tunnel is filled and sealed in a special way , the nuclear device is detonated .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

following instructions from zhou enlai , the second ministry of machine building and the defense science commission made a preliminary investigation of the underground nuclear testing problem .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

later , the defense science commission followed the decision of the central special committee and organized the nuclear test base to formulate a plan for nuclear tests in tunnels and in shafts .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to this end , zhang yunyu , zhang zhishang , and zhang ying did a careful site selection for underground nuclear testing and proposed that the site for the tunnel test be chosen at nanshan in the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

later , the nuclear weapons institute conducted theoretical calculations for the propagation of shock waves in rocks and for the self-sealing mechanism of the tunnel .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these activities were the technical preparation for the underground nuclear tests .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was decided that the principal objective of china 's first tunnel nuclear test was to explore the characteristics of china 's underground nuclear tests and to conduct near-field physical measurements of the nuclear bomb in order to provide data for improving nuclear bomb design .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in may 1965 the construction and progress of the various tasks were coordinated at the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in view of these characteristics , the nuclear test base organized an engineering command , a technical guidance command , and a tool and materials supply command and established a sound construction procedure .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

testing and scientific experimentation were arranged by the nuclear weapons design academy and the nuclear weapons institute .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the evening of 10 august , the central special committee heard the report of deputy commander zhang ying of the nuclear test base regarding the preparation of the test site .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test base again calculated the resistance and wave absorption in the tunnel and analyzed the various external environment factors , and they were sure that the preventive measures taken would prevent `` jumping the gun . ''


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 15 september , the nuclear device was placed in the explosion chamber and the tunnel was subsequently sealed .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

at 0015 on 23 september , china successfully detonated its first tunnel nuclear test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the yield of the nuclear explosion was basically in agreement with the design .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to understand the characteristics of tunnel nuclear tests , and to verify the agreement between the theoretical design and the actual explosion , the tunnel and explosion chamber were excavated from 1970 to 1971 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the theoretical understanding of the fluid mechanics of an underground nuclear explosion was basically in agreement with reality .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

diagnostic measurements made near the nuclear bomb yielded important data and pointed to new directions in the development of near-field physical measurements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

through this test , understanding of underground nuclear test was validated and enhanced and major interference problems were revealed in the near-field physical measurements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was not desirable to conduct underground nuclear tests in limestone .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear test base therefore moved the test site to the granite beishan -lsb- north mountain -rsb- underground test site .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to gain more experience in underground nuclear testing , to improve the weapon design and to test new nuclear principles , five more tests were conducted from 1975 to the end of 1988 at the nanshan and beishan test sites .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the second tunnel nuclear test on 27 december 1975 , important data were obtained in the near-field physical diagnostic measurements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the third tunnel nuclear test on 17 october 1976 , new advances were made in rapid sample acquisition , and new understandings were gained in nuclear explosions in granite and anti-interference technology .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the fourth nuclear tunnel test on 4 may 1983 , rapid sample coring was achieved for the first time .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 19 december 1984 , the fifth nuclear tunnel test was conducted .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the test was made for a new principle in nuclear weapons and the experiment was a success .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china had made a major breakthrough in new nuclear weapons technology .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in a shaft test the nuclear device and various sensors are lowered to the bottom of a large-diameter well , the well is then filled and the nuclear device detonated .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

for this reason , the shaft test mode has become the principal method for underground nuclear testing .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

a shaft nuclear test requires a well with a large diameter and a certain depth .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in october 1966 , the nuclear test base , the nuclear weapons institute and engineering departments surveyed coal mines , oil fields and machinery departments and submitted a proposal to the defense science commission to develop a large-diameter hard-rock drilling machine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

other participating units included the nuclear test base , the coal institute , the lanzhou petrochemical plant , the luoyang institute of mining machinery , the shanghai institute of coal mining machinery , and the beijing institute of mining .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in 1971 , the drilling machine was assembled at the lanzhou petrochemical plant and moved to the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the development of the large drilling machine was the key to shaft tests of nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in april 1975 , the nuclear test base submitted the proposal for the underground shaft nuclear test to the defense science commission .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

extensive discussion and deliberation were then made by the nuclear test base , the nuclear weapons design institute , and the engineering design institute of the defense science commission .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in march and april 1977 , the defense science commission reviewed the general plan for conducting the first underground shaft nuclear test and coordinated the technical tasks of engineering , testing , and nuclear device .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the main goal of the test was to learn the skills for shaft testing and to gain experience in adopting engineering techniques , test safety , and nuclear device testing techniques to the underground shaft environment .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear weapons institute was responsible for the design and development of the enclosure for the nuclear device and the sealing of the explosion chamber .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

since the flooding rate of the shaft was 9.3 tons per hour , the sealing of the nuclear device and test safety were jeopardized .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

when the official hoisting was performed , the nuclear device was placed in a special sealed container .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

measurement probes and the sealed nuclear device were then placed in a special sealed explosion chamber .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the difficult task of constructing and filling the shaft was done by the 1st company , 6th battalion of the technology team of the nuclear test base .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear weapons design institute repeatedly inspected the detonation system and the operating procedures .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after the nuclear device was lowered to the bottom of the shaft , the water level and the temperature and humidity in the sealed container were monitored day and night .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

at 9 o'clock on 14 october 1978 , china successfully conducted its first shaft nuclear explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

starting in 1981 , china moved its atmospheric nuclear tests underground .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to advance new principles of nuclear weapons and to improve test technology , four more shaft tests were conducted by 1988 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to find a better and more economic method , on 5 june 1987 , china tested a nuclear device of greater explosive power using a medium shaft depth and an all-water-level mode .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the main issue in ensuring safety in underground nuclear tests is to prevent radioactive material from emerging from the ground .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china 's shaft nuclear tests covered the range of water levels and well depths .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this showed that china 's underground nuclear test capabilities have improved greatly .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china is further developing its underground nuclear tests , investigating new measurement techniques , and improving current equipment .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

compared to the 800 nuclear tests in the united states and the 600 tests by the former soviet union , china 's number of nuclear tests was quite small .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

since a nuclear test is a scientific activity , it naturally has a dual possibility .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in research and nuclear weapons development , the results provided important information on the use and protection of the nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china has not only built a modern nuclear test base complete with various measurement modes , but also a team of experienced nuclear test personnel .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china is conducting necessary but limited nuclear tests in its nuclear weapons development program for defense purposes .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china 's nuclear tests will continue to improve its nuclear weapons .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

powered by a nuclear reactor nuclear powered missile submarines can stay submerged for extended periods of time and have battle capabilities far superior to those of conventional submarines .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china decided to develop nuclear submarines in 1958 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

by 1988 , china had developed the nuclear torpedo submarine and nuclear-powered missile submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

nuclear submarines are a major breakthrough in china 's ship building technology .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

nuclear submarine development in two steps


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in 1958 , shortly after the central committee approved the development of the nuclear submarine , the navy building and maintenance department formed a nuclear submarine group to study the general design of a nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in 1959 , the navy proposed the concept of an overall plan for nuclear submarines .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

due to temporary economic hardship and lack of research resources , the central special committee approved a plan in march 1963 to concentrate resources on key issues in nuclear power and submarine hulls .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

a preliminary design of the nuclear device was completed and progress was made on major components and materials of the nuclear reactor .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 20 march 1965 , the central special committee approved the resumption of the nuclear submarine project .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

at this time , director yu xiaohong -lsb- 0060 4562 5725 -rsb- of the seventh academy in the sixth ministry of machine building and expert huang xuhua recommended that the nuclear submarine development project be done in two stages .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the first stage was to be the development of a nuclear torpedo submarine and the second stage was to be the development of a guided missile submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in addition , there was also the need for many technical problems for the nuclear submarine itself and for key components for the guided missile .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

by first developing a nuclear torpedo submarine , china could not only solve the technical difficulties step and step , but also make use of some of the same materials and equipment to speed up the process .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

while approving the above recommendation , the central special committee also demanded breakthroughs in nuclear power and its associated installation technology .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it set a date of 1972 for underwater testing of the nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to this end , laboratory 719 was established in the seventh academy to work on the design of the nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china 's first anti-submarine nuclear submarine was equipped with an acoustic guided torpedo and employed a teardrop profile and single shaft propulsion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear submarine technology is extremely complex .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

some were concerned that , with both conventional and nuclear power , the development of too much new equipment for the first nuclear powered submarine could prevent the project from achieving a timely completion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

others believed that advanced equipment under development and to be developed should be employed in china 's first nuclear submarine in order to catch up and overtake the world standard .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these principles were : first , to develop the nuclear submarine based on practical and domestically available technology , and , second , china 's first nuclear submarine should have the character of an experimental vessel but at the same time possess the major tactical and technical capabilities of a warship .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was decided that , in addition to the nuclear powerplant , the submarine should have the following new systems in order to ensure combat capability .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china 's first nuclear submarine adopted the teardrop profile for high-speed underwater cruising .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

china had achieved a big success in developing the fluid dynamic properties of the nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear powerplant is a key component in the development of a nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear power engineering research institute worked with other units and built a land-based reactor to simulate the submarine nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the land-based model reactor followed the principle of full simulation and provided valuable and reliable test data for the installation , testing , and operation of a submarine nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the development of the nuclear submarine , workers rigorously implemented the procedure set by the central special committee , which was : `` first bring the land reactor to criticality and then install the submarine reactor .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

by following this procedure , the nuclear reactor was successfully installed on the submarine in the first trial .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the development of a nuclear submarine was a complicated systems engineering project .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the hull design for the nuclear submarine had to allow a sensible layout of the complicated system in order to satisfy the combat requirements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to solve this difficult problem , laboratory 719 worked closely with the nuclear submarine manufacturing plant and built a full-size plastic model by spending more than a year of time .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

tests on the nuclear submarine began in april 1971 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

electric power was generated on the nuclear reactor in july and preliminary evaluation was made for the main machinery and the power train .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 15 august , china 's first nuclear submarine sailed toward the test zone for the first time .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

research and development of china 's nuclear-powered missile submarine began shortly after some results were obtained in the development of the anti-submarine nuclear torpedo submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the first phase was to develop a nuclear-powered missile submarine on the basis of the nuclear torpedo submarine but the performance requirements should not be set too high .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in september 1979 , the defense science commission and the office for defense industries named peng shilu as the chief designer for the nuclear submarine and huang weilu , zhao renkai , and huang xuhua as deputy chief designers .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear powerplant of the submarine consisted mainly of the reactor , the primary circuit , the secondary circuit , and the shaft system .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

compared with land-based nuclear reactors , the one on the submarine was more compact , lighter , more impact-resistant and vibration resistant , tilt tolerant , versatile , and reliable .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear powerplant was the key to the nuclear submarine and its development was a complex and difficult system engineering task .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

research on and design of nuclear submarine powerplant


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

independent research of the submarine nuclear powerplant began in 1958 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the first group of nuclear reactor technicians was trained and ready for preliminary study of the submarine nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

however , there were numerous difficulties in the independent development of a submarine nuclear powerplant and extensive research and testing were needed .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the early phase research and design of the nuclear powerplant was assumed by the atomic energy institute , the navy , and the first ministry of machine building .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear submarine laboratory was responsible for the research and design of the body , the secondary circuit system , and the shaft system of the vessel .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in june of the same year , zhao renkai , han duo -lsb- 7281 6995 -rsb- and li lefu -lsb- 2621 2867 4395 -rsb- , under the supervision of peng huanwu -lsb- 1756 2719 2976 -rsb- , repeatedly investigated , calculated , and deliberated the problems before proposing the `` nuclear submarine power device design -lrb- draft -rrb- . ''


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this proposal contained the initial design concepts of the nuclear reactor type and the principal technical parameters .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after a 2-month investigation conducted by the nuclear submarine leadership group , it was decided that the design of the power device must be practical and the thermodynamic parameter should be set according to the actual technical level of the industry in china .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the meantime the nuclear submarine laboratory began collecting materials and started the design task .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

later , based on the central special committee decision to temporarily put the nuclear submarine project on hold , the atomic energy institute and thenuclear submarine laboratory kept a few dozen technical staffers to continue the reactor physics , thermodynamics , and hydraulics under the supervision of peng shilu and li lefu .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

research on the nuclear fuel elements , material and shielding began shortly after that .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in august 1963 , the central special committee approved a merger between the submarine nuclear power research and design office in the atomic energy institute and the nuclear submarine technology research laboratory in the seventh academy .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the combined unit became the new submarine atomic power research institute -lrb- or `` nuclear power institute `` for short -rrb- , under the seventh academy in the beginning and later moved under the second ministry of machine building .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

led by director zhou shengyang -lsb- 0719 5110 3152 -rsb- , peng shilu , and huang xuhua , technical personnel began laying out the overall plan for the nuclear submarine powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

beginning in early 1965 , this institute resumed the preliminary design of the nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the meantime , industrial departments have also made progress in the test fabrication of major components and materials for the nuclear reactor , which made resumption of the project possible .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

nuclear fuel elements are the heart of a reactor .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they are therefore a key component of the nuclear submarine powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

as early as 1958 , the atomic energy institute began the exploration of fuel elements for a nuclear submarine reactor .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in march 1963 , the second ministry of machine building decided to establish a fuel element laboratory at the baotou nuclear fuel element plant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in august 1967 the fuel element plant began the construction of a fabrication shop for nuclear reactor fuel rods .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the structure of nuclear submarine reactor fuel elements complex is complex and require sophisticated manufacturing technology .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

under the supervision of nuclear materials expert zhang peilin -lsb- 1728 3099 7207 -rsb- , the technical staff worked with technicians and cadres , and the research staff worked with the design and production staff .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the central military commission issued a special letter calling for timely completion of the nuclear submarine project .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these materials met the requirements of the nuclear reactor fuel elements .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the control rod of the nuclear submarine reactor was made of cadmium .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

meeting the 1970 target date set by the central special committee for completing the land-based model reactor first required a design for the nuclear powerplant of the submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the proposal by the nuclear power institute had a layout that placed the nuclear powerplant in three : compartments the storage room , the auxiliary machine room , and the main machine room .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the proposal by the qinghua university nuclear energy technology institute had a unitary layout for the power device .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after completing the preliminary design of the nuclear powerplant , the nuclear power institute began the design of major components of the reactor core .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in order to turn the situation around , the central military commission issued a `` special memo `` in august 1967 to the whole country regarding the assurance of progress in the nuclear submarine development .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

nie ronzheng also stressed repeatedly that the nuclear submarine project can only move its completion date forward and not backward .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these departments and regions , under the leadership of the state council and the nuclear submarine leadership group of the central military commission , assumed and completed research , equipment , and material tasks .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear submarine engineering leadership group , under office director chen youming -lsb- 7115 0671 6900 -rsb- , effectively organized and coordinated many productive tasks .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

a number of coordination meetings were held jointly by the defense science commission and the office of defense industries for the research , equipment , and material of the nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

major technical problems were timely coordinated and resolved by the nuclear submarine engineering equipment technology leadership group .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear power institute of the seventh academy formed a design team of more than 100 people to work at laboratory 719 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

more than 800 technical staff from the nuclear power institute moved from beijing to the nuclear reactor design base in the sanxiang region to participate in the installation , testing , and other experimental efforts before the startup .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in addition , a full-size , zero -power experimental device and a nuclear power control system testing laboratory were also built for full-scale physics experiments and research .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the land-based model reactor was an extremely complex , high precision nuclear power system consisting of 26,700 components and equipment .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in order to uncover the problems and to make timely corrections for the benefit of gaining experience in building china 's first nuclear submarine , zhou enlai approved the startup of the reactor .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

test results showed that china 's first nuclear submarine reactor was a success .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these tests served as a sound foundation for the navigation test of china 's first nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the main performance characteristics of the nuclear powerplant were thoroughly understood and a complete set of data was acquired for the reactor core over its service life .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the operation and inspection results showed that the first nuclear submarine power device designed and built by the chinese themselves was a success .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

reliable data were collected for the design of a new generation of nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

construction of china 's first nuclear submarine


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

powerplant the performance specifications of china 's first nuclear submarine power device were identical to those of the land-based model reactor .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this approach was very important to the success of the first attempt in building and installing the submarine nuclear reactor .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

however , because of the tight schedule , there were a certain amount of exploration in the design and manufacturing of nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to ensure proper installation , a full-scale wooden mock-up was designed , built , and installed jointly by the nuclear submarine manufacturing plant , laboratory 719 , and the nuclear power institute .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear reactor was successfully installed on the submarine on 26 december 1970 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

dock tests of the first nuclear submarine began in april 1971 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

test procedures similar to those used on the land-based model reactor were followed in the cold run of the primary circuit auxiliary system of the nuclear powerplant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this was the first time that a nuclear reactor had produced electricity on a chinese submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear reactor was capable of propelling the submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the series of dock tests for china 's first nuclear submarine was completed on 23 august 1971 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear submarine went through 20 -odd navigation tests , the reactor logged several thousand hours of operation , and the accumulated mileage was thousands of nautical miles .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the entire ocean navigation test showed that china had succeeded in developing its own nuclear submarine power device .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the inspection was conducted by the nuclear submarine fleet , the nuclear submarine manufacturing plant , laboratory 719 and the naval representative stationed at the plant .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

at 7 am on 16 november 1981 , captain li jinkui -lsb- 2621 6855 1145 -rsb- started the nuclear submarine under the command of deputy commander qu zhengmu -lsb- 2575 2182 3664 -rsb- of the north sea fleet .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

from 25 november 1985 to 18 february 1986 , the nuclear submarine conducted the maximum self-sustainability test .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear submarine sailed in deep water for 10 days and traveled a distance equal to the perimeter of the earth at the equator .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the depth test of the nuclear submarine was mainly an evaluation of the overall performance and battle ability of the submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was a comprehensive examination of the research , design , construction , and crew operation of the nuclear submarine and its weapons systems .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in 1979 the state council and the central military commission issued the depth-testing order for the nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

after the project was reviewed by the general staff department and the office of defense industries , a proposal entitled `` depth test of the nuclear submarine `` was submitted to the state council and the central military commission .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 16 november 1987 , the proposal was approved and the depth test of the nuclear submarine entered the implementation stage .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in june 1987 , a nuclear submarine deep-water testing leadership group -lrb- or depth-test leading group -rrb- was formed .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

other members of the group were the state planning commission , the state economic commission , the defense science and technology commission , the china shipbuilding company , the ministry of nuclear industry , the guangzhou military region , and the guangdong province .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

comprehensive reviews were conducted by laboratories 719,703 , 704,705 , and 725 , and by the first academy of the ministry of nuclear industry .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

starting from raw materials , the nuclear submarine manufacturing plant and the military liaison at the plant conducted ultrasonic and x-ray flaw detection for the weld seams of the submarine hull and for the valve and tank systems .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

this problem was investigated by chief designer zhao renkai , deputy chief engineer chen weiben -lsb- 7115 4850 2609 -rsb- of the first academy of the ministry of nuclear industry , and other reactor engineers .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 22 december 1987 , the test submarine entered the yard for some modification and equipment addition .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the nuclear submarine manufacturing plant adjusted the production line for civilian items and moved the submarine indoors for better working conditions .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the preparation was conducted by laboratories 702,719 , and 705 , the navy 's south sea depth testing site , and the first academy of the ministry of nuclear industry .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

measurement and monitoring systems prepared for the submarine included stress-strain monitoring systems , acoustic positioning and velocity measurement systems , nuclear radiation dosage monitoring systems , noise measurement systems , submarine motion measurement systems , torpedo launch pressure and muzzle velocity measurement systems , and torpedo trajectory measurement systems .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

at 1600 hours on 20 april , the nuclear submarine left the harbor and sailed 210 nautical miles to the test zone .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

when the reactor was started up to generate steam while the vessel was docked , deputy team leader dong youjing -lsb- 5516 2589 4842 -rsb- of the nuclear submarine manufacturing plant discovered that the discharge valve under the evaporator malfunctioned .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

when the propeller speed was increased from 125 rpm to 183 rpm , the control panel started to vibrate vigorously , but all the mechanical devices , nuclear powerplant , and instruments and meters worked normally .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the speed of the nuclear submarine reached the design value and the main unit had some spare power .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the test was a success and proved that the nuclear powerplant , the electromechanical devices on board , and the equipment and meters all functioned reliably .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the success of the depth tests indicated that china had completed the research and development of its first nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the submarine was now combat-ready and had generated vast scientific data and valuable experience for nuclear submarine warfare and for the development of the next-generation nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

first , a submerged launching test is conducted from a conventional submarine , then , the test is conducted on a nuclear submarine , and a final test is conducted on a nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to meet the needs of testing a submarine -surface missile on a nuclear submarine , the central military commission decided in the late 1960s that the naval test base should be in charge of building the submarine -to-land missile test range .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

nuclear-powered missile submarine submerged launching of a model missile was conducted on a nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the main purpose was to test the launch controllability of the guided missile , the real-time operation accuracy and reliability of the launch system , and the stability and reliability of the nuclear reactor during the launch .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the first submerged launching of a submarine -surface missile had been made from a nuclear powered submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in may 1985 the defense science commission and the navy heeded the decision of the party central committee , the state council , and thecentral military commission and issued an order to participating units to conduct submerged launch tests for guided missiles from a nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

on 28 september , the guided missile nuclear submarine conducted its first underwater launch .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

of the defense science commission and the navy , a second submerged launch test was conducted with a model missile from the nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

since the founding of the 7th research academy , a variety of institutes for total ship assembly , principles and performance , main machinery , auxiliary engines , nuclear submarines and weapons and equipment , as well as an overall design validation department , were created .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the mid-1960s , the 7th research academy of the 6th ministry of machine building began to develop a number of first -generation vessels including a nuclear powered submarine , a long-range survey ship , a missile destroyer , a missile frigate and a medium torpedo submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it was made more adaptable to rough seas and more resistant to nuclear explosion .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

while we were duplicating the two torpedoes , the 705th institute began developing an electrically powered acoustically guided anti-submarine torpedo for nuclear submarine use .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the technical personnel rigorously followed the spirit of the `` special open letter '' issued by the central military commission on the nuclear submarine project .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the successful development of the y-3 provided the major weapon for our nuclear submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the development of a torpedo launcher for nuclear submarines began in 1965 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it has excellent stealth capability and high precision and is an ideal navigation system for nuclear submarines and ocean-going instrumentation ships .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

since 1974 , the national defense science commission , the national defense office and the lead engineering team for nuclear submarines and ocean-going instrumentation ships have organized a number of experts from different fields led by ning guodong -lsb- 1337 0948 2767 -rsb- and zhang zongxun -lsb- 1728 1350 3169 -rsb- , to deal with the problems .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

they were installed on the ocean-going instrumentation ship and nuclear submarine , respectively .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

it is a necessity for a nuclear submarine or an ocean-going instrumentation ship .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

these devices were installed on nuclear submarines in 1970 .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

during this period , the institute of acoustics of the chinese academy of sciences , jiangning machinery plant , and the shanghai 22nd radio plant also developed the sqw-3 sound-speed and sound-ray tracking plotter and the sqc-i reconnaissance sonar for nuclear submarines .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in the mid-1960s , china decided to develop nuclear powered submarines .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

under the direction of zhang jingcheng -lsb- 1728 2529 6134 -rsb- , hydrodynamics research on nuclear submarines was initiated at the 720nd and 719th institutes .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in coordination with total assembly design , the hydrodynamics research department conducted a variety of tests to compare a number of design schemes for torpedo and guided missile nuclear submarines in the model selection process .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

calculated the imaginary mass coefficients for the six degrees of freedom of a torpedo nuclear submarine using a binary slice method .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

the vibration of the astronavigation system onboard a nuclear submarine was calculated to ensure that it operates normally at the cruising speed of the submarine .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

to assist the development of guided missile nuclear powered submarine , cheng guanyi -lsb- 4453 6306 0001 -rsb- , et al .


Question: when was china 's first nuclear test ?

in late may 1988 , a deep-water test on the y -3 torpedo launched from a nuclear submarine was done at the deep-water test range in the south china sea .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

you might also be able to click on the word mosaic to access the nasc internet server , or pick netscape to download the company 's free software , or switch to silicon graphics ' internet server and read about its products .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

solo travellers on the internet 'information highway ' are being overtaken by the digital equivalent of 16 -wheel juggernaut trucks , as businesses begin to transport large quantities of data through cyberspace .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

originally a us government-funded programme in the late 1960s , to electronically link researchers at us universities and government laboratories , the internet was in theory closed to commercial activity until about two years ago .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

digital equipment , one of the heaviest users , has over 31,000 computers linked to internet and exchanges an average of 1.7m e-mail messages per month with people outside the company .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

a group of silicon valley companies and organisations has joined forces in an attempt to pioneer the use of the internet as a new medium for trade among high technology companies by creating an electronic marketplace called commercenet .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

commercenet is tackling the problems that have discouraged companies from using the internet for buying and selling goods and services , notably the complexity of navigating the internet and lax security .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

the public network is particularly vulnerable to computer 'crackers ' , as demonstrated by a recent rash of password interceptions involving tens of thousands of internet users .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

to address this problem , eit is working with rsa data security , the leading us encryption technology company , to develop a 'secure ' version of mosaic .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

the company will move cautiously , she says , but is keen to explore the potential of public network electronic sales which could reach a broader range of customers than existing systems .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

'i believe that in two to three years you will see as many as 100,000 companies using the internet as a principal sales and service channel , ' says tenenbaum .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

the internet is the most expansive network of computer networks in the world , linking an estimated 2.2m computers and over 25m users in 137 countries .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

use of the internet is growing at a rate of about ten per cent per month .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

throughout the 1980s , the internet grew in popularity among computer hobbyists - it provides cheap electronic mail , conferencing and network searching capabilities for personal computer junkies .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

the growing popularity of the internet has spawned dozens of these 'access providers ' ; companies and organisations that provide individual and corporate computer users with 'dial up ' links to the internet .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

others act simply as a connection service , much like a phone company provides links to its voice network .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

until very recently , however , use of the internet has been limited to those with a relatively high level of computer expertise .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

most computers on the internet run the unix operating system , which is unfamiliar to the majority of pc users .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

the internet therefore lacked the 'user friendly ' features such as graphical user interfaces that have made pcs increasingly easy to use .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

millions of new internet users are also beginning to gain access to the worldwide network via commercial on-line information services such as compuserve and america online .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

business use of the internet is also on the rise , with thousands of companies hooking their internal networks on to 'the net . '


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

in the us , the number of business 'host ' computers directly linked to the internet increased 63 per cent to 567,686 over the 12 months ending in january , almost equaling the number of internet links to us colleges and universities .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

use of the internet in the uk jumped 94 per cent over the same period , with 113,930 host computers hooked up by the end of january .


Question: which company created the internet browser mosaic ?

companies are rushing to take advantage of the internet as a low-cost route for international electronic mail .