Question: where is the mall of the america

the lease issue has become an obstacle for melvin simon , which plans to build the $ 625 million mall of america in bloomington , minn .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the company also is concerned because it plans to build the $ 625 million mall of america in bloomington , minn .


Question: where is the mall of the america

a new branch is scheduled to open this autumn in palm beach gardens in west palm beach , fla. negotiations are underway on two possible new stores , in suburban chicago 's old orchard and in the mall of america in minneapolis .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the mall of america , which lies on the outskirts of minneapolis , minnesota , and opened its doors two years ago this month , is a vast temple to consumerism - the ultimate statement of faith that the chief national pastime of the us is not baseball or fishing but shopping .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the ghermezians then joined up with one of america 's largest mall developers , indianapolis -based melvin simon & associates , to build the minneapolis pleasure dome , with a us teachers ' pension fund putting up the bulk of the equity .


Question: where is the mall of the america

last year , though , 37m people visited the mall of america - 7m more than walt disney world in florida -lrb- although the figures are not directly comparable since the minneapolis total would have been boosted by repeat visits from local residents -rrb- .


Question: where is the mall of the america

a new $ 70 million park called knott 's camp snoopy will be located inside the new mall of america in bloomington , minn .


Question: where is the mall of the america

bloomingdale 's now operates 15 department stores , and will open a new store at the mall of america in bloomington , minn. , late next year .


Question: where is the mall of the america

construction employment will fall further when the huge mall of america in bloomington is finished .


Question: where is the mall of the america

his company , however , chose not to use opticolor at the new mall of america near minneapolis , since `` plain glass was less expensive , and we did n't need color . ''


Question: where is the mall of the america

separately , macy said that it intends to go forward as scheduled with its plans to open a new store in the mall of america in minneapolis this august .


Question: where is the mall of the america

they cite , for example , a $ 500 million loan to mall of america , a bloomington , minn. , project due to open in september in an area saturated with malls .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the man who helped transform america 's cornfields and pastures into the phenomenon known as the shopping mall says he is upbeat about the future of his industry and the economy .


Question: where is the mall of the america

melvin simon , who started in the shopping center game 30 years ago by leasing launderettes and developing small centers anchored by discount stores , launches his most ambitious project in june with groundbreaking for the mall of america .


Question: where is the mall of the america

mall of america , he says , will be witness to that theory .


Question: where is the mall of the america

plans call for developing as much as 9.5 million square feet of space at mall of america , including hotels and office space .


Question: where is the mall of the america

triple five pioneered the `` mega- mall '' concept with its 5.2 million square-foot west edmonton mall .


Question: where is the mall of the america

today the company normally does n't get into a project without owning it _ either outright or in partnership , such as the case of mall of america .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the $ 600 million mall of america , developed by the ghermezian brothers of edmonton , alberta , will have hundreds of stores , 18 movie theaters and an amusement park . `` you wo n't have to go to new york or paris or rome anymore , '' said nader ghermezian .


Question: where is the mall of the america

groundbreaking ceremonies were held today for the mall , promoted as the nation 's largest enclosed shopping and entertainment complex .


Question: where is the mall of the america

with 4.2 million square feet , the mall will have nearly as much floor space as the 110 -story sears tower in chicago , the world 's tallest building .


Question: where is the mall of the america

in addition , nader ghermezian said last week that the developers are considering building a monorail to link the mall to nearby minneapolis-st .


Question: where is the mall of the america

`` in may 1987 , i thought the deal was dead , '' said lindau , whose defeat later that year was widely considered a vote against the mega- mall .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the mall is envisaged as the largest in the world , but uncertainty about a bloomingdale 's store planned for the mall is delaying a $ 600 million loan needed to start construction .


Question: where is the mall of the america

but u.s. bankruptcy judge j. vincent aug jr. said thursday he might reconsider and set a fixed deadline if his court sees a flood of challenges from developers or mall operators who demand earlier decisions because of their own financial deadlines .


Question: where is the mall of the america

stanley talesnick , lawyer for melvin simon & associates , an indianapolis -based mall operator , said he expects responses from federated and allied within a few weeks or months about lease decisions .


Question: where is the mall of the america

uncertainty about a bloomingdale 's store planned for the mall is delaying a $ 600 million loan needed to start construction .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the store in valley view mall has 229 full-time , 176 part-time and 27 management employees .


Question: where is the mall of the america

bloomingdale 's rents the valley view mall site .


Question: where is the mall of the america

but it makes up for its relative lack of stomach-churning thrills with its bizarre location : in a fun-fair at the heart of the largest shopping mall in the united states .


Question: where is the mall of the america

in the mall of america 's alternative reality , the impossible becomes possible .


Question: where is the mall of the america

this , after all , is a world where the temperature is always a perfect 70 ` f -lrb- 21 ` c -rrb- ; where you can sit in the street 'outside ' a perfectly reconstructed italian country restaurant , yet still be indoors under the mall 's vast glass canopy ; and where you can indulge your fantasies of becoming a top model with a visit to glamor shots where staff will make up your face , banishing unsightly spots and pimples , dress you in fashionable clothes and capture the 'glamorous new you ' on film .


Question: where is the mall of the america

but in the real world of hard-nosed financial investment , the mall represents two big gambles : that a complex of such size can attract enough customers to make a decent return ; and that , by mixing entertainment with its wares , it can compete successfully with rival forms of leisure and electronic shopping .


Question: where is the mall of the america

we want to offer them a whole variety of reasons to come here , which includes not only the mall 's goods and services but the experience of the whole .


Question: where is the mall of the america

america 's first mall , the southdale centre , opened in 1956 only a few miles from what is now the mall of america , and clones multiplied rapidly across the land in the 1960s , 1970s and early 1980s .


Question: where is the mall of the america

by the end of the last decade , though , the regional mall movement looked in danger of exhaustion .


Question: where is the mall of the america

at the same time , mall owners became aware of another potent threat : electronic shopping .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the mall of america 's official slogan -lrb- 'there 's a place for fun in your life ' -rrb- acknowledges these motives implicitly .


Question: where is the mall of the america

yet , the first big test of shopping- as -entertainment actually took place in canada , where , in 1985 , a family of real estate developers , the ghermezian brothers , built a mall near the city of edmonton , alberta , which incorporated an amusement park , hockey rink and artificial lake .


Question: where is the mall of the america

it succeeded , generating substantially higher revenue per square foot than a conventional mall .


Question: where is the mall of the america

in the event , the most grandiose plans for the mall of america - such as an aquarium and a monorail - were deferred because of the nation 's 1990-1991 recession , and it ended up somewhat smaller than its canadian cousin .


Question: where is the mall of the america

even so , when the mall opened in august 1992 , many retailing analysts pronounced it a dangerous gamble out of step with americans ' desire to spend less time shopping .


Question: where is the mall of the america

but critics point out that the mall is not yet fully occupied - at least 10 per cent of its space is vacant - and question whether its owners are anywhere near making a decent return on their real estate investment , particularly given the generous leases that had to be offered to attract its four big anchor department stores : macy 's , sears , bloomingdale 's and nordstrom .


Question: where is the mall of the america

wheeler will say only that rental rates have gone up since it became clear the mall had 'critical mass ' , making them comparable to other super-regional shopping centres in the area .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the other 30 per cent of visitors - who account for half the dollars spent - come from more than 150 miles away and are striking evidence that the mall 's publicity machine has succeeded in making the centre a big tourist attraction in its own right .


Question: where is the mall of the america

its very name , mall of america , and its stars and stripes logo , play up the idea that this is a national asset .


Question: where is the mall of the america

that , together with the mall 's bland , characterless atmosphere , means some tourists will leave disappointed .


Question: where is the mall of the america


Question: where is the mall of the america

after all , it is not every shopping centre that can sell you a t-shirt emblazoned with the proud , guilt-free boast : 'i mega-shopped the mega- mall . '


Question: where is the mall of the america

two of america 's most popular institutions have finally gotten together -- shopping malls and theme parks .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the largest enclosed shopping mall in the united states will be mated with knott 's camp snoopy , the nation 's largest enclosed theme park . the $ 600-million project , called mall of america , will total 4.2 million square feet -- about the size of 78 football fields -- when its first phase opens in the fall of 1992 .


Question: where is the mall of the america

if successful , camp snoopy could become the first of several similar projects across america for knott 's .


Question: where is the mall of the america

when it comes to fulfilling needs , mall of america has everything but an undertaker .


Question: where is the mall of the america

by comparison , the nation 's largest mall now is del amo fashion plaza in torrance , with 2.65 million square feet of gross leasable area .


Question: where is the mall of the america

the miles of aisles in mall of america 's phase one total roughly two-thirds of what is on the drawing boards .


Question: where is the mall of the america

long-term plans make the complex sound more like a city than a mall .


Question: where is the mall of the america

when it is completed , mall of america will be second in size only to the west edmonton mall in edmonton , a 5.2-million-square-foot ghermezian extrava ganza said to be the largest enclosed shopping center in the world .


Question: where is the mall of the america

sales at the 8-year-old mall are a very impressive $ 300 per square foot , according to executives with melvin simon .


Question: where is the mall of the america

but at the shopping center trade group 's recent conference , the edmonton mall got poor reviews from developers who say it does not seem to draw hordes of customers and caters mostly to people buying middle-of-the-road , lower-priced merchandise .


Question: where is the mall of the america

for one thing , mall of america is expected to serve bag-toting shoppers from a surrounding community of 4 million .


Question: where is the mall of the america

another big difference is camp snoopy , which will be located on two floors in the center of the mall .


Question: where is the mall of the america

others -- such as the behemoth west edmonton mall -- have amusement parks , but they were added in stages , giving a scrambled , hodgepodge effect .


Question: where is the mall of the america

knott 's and the mall developers hope that the marriage will bring together the best of both shopping malls and theme parks : crowds and money .


Question: where is the mall of the america

at the woodbine center north of toronto , adding a one-acre indoor children 's park with 11 rides brought about 15 % in additional sales , said hermann kircher , president of larry smith & associates , toronto -based marketing research consultants who did studies for mall of america .


Question: where is the mall of the america

at the west edmonton mall , features such as ferris wheels , a huge aquarium and a church have boosted sales 35 % to 40 % above what they would be if there were no razzle-dazzle in the retail , according to nadir ghermezian , managing director of triple 5 corp .


Question: where is the mall of the america

one reason is that by adding flashy rides and shows , malls lure customers from hundreds of miles -- compared to an ordinary mall that attracts shoppers from say , up to 10 miles away , ghermezian said .


Question: where is the mall of the america

and once in the mall , entertainment goes a long way toward keeping customers there up to two times longer , some retail experts say .


Question: where is the mall of the america

what mall theme parks wo n't guarantee is that people who will pay to play are also the ones who will plunk down money for a givenchy gown .


Question: where is the mall of the america

if all goes as planned , mall of america should have sales averaging more than $ 400 per square foot in its first year , nadir ghermezian said .


Question: where is the mall of the america

whether mall of america can reach -- let alone sustain -- those numbers remains a serious question .


Question: where is the mall of the america

in march , hooker opened the 1.8 million-square-foot forest fair mall in cincinnati , which includes 100,000 square feet of entertainment .


Question: where is the mall of the america

but those days are fading , and mall development is changing as a result .


Question: where is the mall of the america

`` the great wave of regional- mall building is over , '' says mathias devito , chairman of rouse co. , which has built a lot of them .


Question: where is the mall of the america

no cornfield here : the center , to be called fashion mall of america , will be a mile from the city 's airport and five minutes from an existing and highly successful regional mall .


Question: where is the mall of the america

fashion mall , to be patterned after triple-five 's west edmonton mall , will offer an indoor amusement park with a roller coaster , a four-acre indoor water park , 20 water slides , and a hotel with elaborate , individualized room motifs , in addition to 800 stores and 100 restaurants .


Question: where is the mall of the america

`` studies show that people stay three times longer '' in a mall with amusements , he says .


Question: where is the mall of the america

scheduled to open in 1990 , fashion mall will be a gargantuan nine million square feet -- 10 times the size of even the largest regional malls .


Question: where is the mall of the america

triple- five , owned by the iranian -born ghermezian family , says its west edmonton mall , despite astronomical heating bills , is profitable , though it does n't disclose figures .


Question: where is the mall of the america

fashion mall probably is too big to be copied whole , but the strategy is cropping up around the country .


Question: where is the mall of the america

`` somewhere between the cookie-cutter mall in north jersey and the ghermezians is what we 're going to see more of , '' says j.w .


Question: where is the mall of the america

but mr. karp , the boston developer , is pioneering a new twist : a mall without even a single anchor .


Question: where is the mall of the america

such a mall would be dubious in any but an affluent area .


Question: where is the mall of the america

further , equitable real estate investment management inc. is carving up the space of an anchor tenant in one midwestern mall into smaller specialty stores and food shops .


Question: where is the mall of the america

perhaps the most prominent example is melvin simon & associates , a developer planning to open a mall next year on the site of a defunct gimbels store in manhattan .


Question: where is the mall of the america

he hopes knott 's can find `` more small-park opportunities in america in the years ahead , '' and maybe even go overseas .


Question: where is the mall of the america

`` in my opinion , america needs to turn back to its roots .


Question: where is the mall of the america

he is in charge of daily operations at the mall , expected to open in september 1992 .


Question: where is the mall of the america

not surprisingly , out-of-state financial companies , such as wells fargo bank , citicorp and prudential insurance co. of america , recently closed their real-estate offices here .


Question: where is the mall of the america

local retailers , already beleaguered , are terrified by the notion of competing with the mall 's four major department stores and 400 specialty stores .


Question: what is the ph scale

scientists measure acidity and alkalinity on a ph scale from 0 to 14 , with 7 representing neutrality and less than 7 showing increased acidity .


Question: what is the ph scale

the ph scale measures acidity , with 7 being neutral .


Question: what is the ph scale

martin , an intense redhead explained that `` ph is a scale of measuring acidity and alkalinity ; 5.0 to 5.6 is normal rain . ''


Question: what is the ph scale

lakes generally need a ph of 5.0 or above to sustain fish life .


Question: what is the ph scale

the ph at lake laflamme dips to 3.9 during spring run-off and still supports life .


Question: what is the ph scale

these will measure the balance on a scale of one to 14 , with ph 7 representing a neutral balance .


Question: what is the ph scale

this can be countered by adding ground limestone , using about 2 -lcb- pounds per 100 square feet of light soil , or 3 -lcb- pounds of hydrated lime or 6 pounds of ground limestone per 100 square feet of heavy soil to improve the ph by one unit .


Question: what is the ph scale

about a half-pound per 100 square feet of light soil or 2 pounds per square feet of heavy soil will lower the ph by one unit .


Question: what is the ph scale

`` su-900s '' is the second stage membrane module in two stage ro process , and has high rejection of cations at low concentrations and high ph .


Question: what is the ph scale

consequently an induction period to attain an original toc level of feed water can be shortened to less than several hours , and the toc level finally reached can be 8-10 ppb lower than the original level of feed water toc concentration -lrb- 10-20 ppb -rrb- by using this module .


Question: what is the ph scale

as large scale integration -lrb- lsi -rrb- circuit technology has progressed and its micro-processing technology requires ultra clean environments and materials , the need for higher quality ultrapure water is growing and consequently organic extractables come out of ion exchange resins -lsb- . sup -rsb- 1-3 -lsb- / -rsb- are becoming a main problem .


Question: what is the ph scale

but until now it is ordinarily 1-3 m_o _-cm using conventional membrane modules such as su-700 when the feed is typical tap water , owing to its low cation rejection at low feed concentration and insufficient removal of carbon dioxide .


Question: what is the ph scale

for the second stage membrane in such process , it is required high cation rejection at low feed concentration and effective removal of carbon dioxide .


Question: what is the ph scale

the carbon dioxide almost perfectly dissociates into bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion at approximately ph 9 . therefore , the ph of feed water is adjusted to be approximately 9 to greatly reject these ions by the ro membranes . -lsb- . sup -rsb- 5 -lsb- / -rsb-


Question: what is the ph scale

therefore , high rejection of ions at ph 9 are required to attain the high resistivity value , and the elimination of silica and toc is also expected .


Question: what is the ph scale

figure 4 -lsb- not reproduced -rsb- shows the ph dependence of sodium and chloride ion rejection of su-900s and su-700 when the feed is 1 ppm nacl .


Question: what is the ph scale

feed water is tap water in these experiments and the inlet ph at the second membrane is accurately measured .


Question: what is the ph scale

in process a , the resistivity of product water becomes 7.5 m_o _-cm at ph 9 , and 3.6 m_o _-cm in process b. in process b , because of a high amount of carbon dioxide in the feed to the second membrane , more alkali is needed to adjust the ph .


Question: what is the ph scale

in this calculation , we calculated under the conditions that the feed is 1 ppm nahco -lsb- .sub -rsb- 3 -lsb- / -rsb- and naoh is added to control feed ph , cation and anion rejection are 98 percent and 95 percent respectively .


Question: what is the ph scale

in view of electrolytes and organic substances , low contamination by the module is shown by quickly reaching the value of ultrapure water -lrb- feed water -rrb- in which the level of resistivity is more than 18.1 m_o _-cm and the toc concentration is 10-20 ppb .


Question: what is the ph scale

for the second membrane in the two stage ro process , we have developed the su-900s ro module which has high rejection of cations at low concentrations and high ph .


Question: what is the ph scale

the range of ph values is from 0 to 14 .


Question: what is the ph scale

a ph level from 6 to 8 is considered safe .


Question: what is the ph scale

a ph level from 6 to 8 is considered safe .


Question: what is the ph scale

ph levels in rain at all 12 sites the epa kept statistics for were all below 6 .


Question: what is the ph scale

ph levels there were 5.6 -- signaling a smaller threat to the environment , but a threat nonetheless .


Question: what is the ph scale

the lack of storage capacity is also a problem with the storage method using exhausted natural gas fields , which is implemented on a small scale with a storage capacity of 180 billion tons , good for about nine years .


Question: what is the ph scale

comparison of prospective methods for global scale co -lsb- .sub -rsb- 2 -lsb- / -rsb-


Question: what is the ph scale

storage scale effective recycling problem period possibility deep sea marine areas ø adverse effect on more than ecology ; can eggs 6,000 m deep at sea bottoms survive at ph 3-4 ?


Question: what is the ph scale

the ph levels in rain at all 12 sites the epa kept statistics for were all below 6 .


Question: what is the ph scale

the ph levels there were 5.6 -- signaling a smaller threat to the environment , but a threat nonetheless .


Question: what is the ph scale

they also used ph paper to learn about the 14 -point ph scale and the different levels of acidity. ;


Question: what is the ph scale

most vegetables and flowers thrive in soil with a ph of 6.5 or so .


Question: what is the ph scale

now it has a brownish scale on it and i 'm afraid it will die .


Question: what is the ph scale

if it turns out to be an insect attack , mailbag recommends using insecticidal soaps to control scale insects .


Question: what is the ph scale

there are very few plants that are bothered by the soap and it will kill the adult scale insects as well as the juveniles -lrb- known as crawlers -rrb- . ; q i have had a potted gerbera for two years .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

for australia , the $ 42 million -lsb- currency further not specified -rsb- bridge symbolises efforts both in strengthening regional links generally and in employing australia 's technological capacity for the benefit of the region .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

indeed , the currency 's position appears to have been so precarious in recent weeks that the reserve bank of australia spent a hefty a $ 2.2 billion to slow the unit 's fall in december and early january , the central bank said thursday .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the allocation was announced by australia development cooperation minister , gordon bilney , who expressed concern that new mines were being laid by both goverment forces and the khmer rouge .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

thailand , the quiet achiever of trade-driven asia , is one of australia 's best friends in the asia pacific .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

bilateral relations with australia have also grown steadily , especially in economic and political terms .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

australia and thailand have often taken their relations too much for granted , as officials on both sides of yesterday 's talks between mr keating and his counterpart chuan leekpai , acknowledged last night .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

though less than a quarter the size of australia 's , its gross domestic product has grown on average 7 per cent every year since the 1950s .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr keating 's visit to laos , thailand and vietnam is a natural and consistent expression in the modern era of what he has termed australia 's `` constructive engagement '' with the region .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

that was made by mr bob hawke , who used the occasion to announce australia would build the bridge mr keating is to open today .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the importance of thailand , with a population three times more numerous than australia 's , an export economy dominated by manufacturing and a stabilising political system , is growing .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

as resources-rich thailand prospers , australia should be confident about ensuring bilateral relations flourish along with it .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

australia 's labor government faces a difficult balancing act over the next few weeks as it seeks to restore confidence to the flagging economy without spooking nervous financial markets .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr keating 's problem is that the statement must deliver a stimulus big enough to have a real impact on the economy , or it will be forgotten within days , as was a adollars 300m -lrb- pounds 122m -rrb- stimulus delivered by mr hawke in november .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

but it is not clear how a larger fiscal stimulus can be reconciled with the government 's long-term target for a balanced budget , stable currency and a reduction in last year 's adollars 15.7bn current account deficit .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the federal budget is forecast to be in deficit by adollars 5bn this year as a result of extra spending and reduced revenues caused by the recession , but is claimed by the government to be in structural surplus - implying that the deficit will disappear when the economy recovers .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

scepticism about the budget arithmetic was behind a fall of more than 1.5 us cents in the value of the australian dollar last week as overseas investors sent a powerful warning about the dangers of too much pump priming .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the currency regained some stability yesterday , when it recovered to close at 74.2 us cents in sydney and at the same level later in london after intervention by the reserve -lrb- central -rrb- bank of australia and the us federal reserve .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

a decline of that much would not unduly concern the government , which would welcome the short-term beneficial impact on australia 's exporters of minerals and agricultural goods .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

but speculative pressure on the volatile australian dollar could cause a currency crisis if mr keating 's statement fails to demonstrate that the federal budget is under tight control .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the rate is expected to fall further in figures for the december quarter due later this month , but the falling dollar could worsen a forecast upward trend later in the year .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the government 's freedom of movement is further constrained by the current account deficit , which reached adollars 21bn in 1989/90 before falling slowly last year , and the adollars 133.5bn


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr dawkins said recently that he expected the deficit to fall to adollars 14bn in the current year , equivalent to 3.25 per cent of gdp - low enough to slow the growth of the debt-to-gdp ratio , but not to stabilise it .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

however , monthly figures for the first five months of the year suggest that the deficit will again exceed adollars 15bn , even if the economy remains in recession .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in afternoon us trading , the dollar was at dm1.4630 , only 20 points above the level at which central banks had intervened on its behalf 30 hours earlier .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

some analysts also believe the fundamental factors undermining the dollar are so great that intervention may be abandoned altogether .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr neil mackinnon , chief economist at yamaichi international in london , says : 'given the sluggish nature of the recovery , the us authorities may be tempted to forget intervention and let the market take the dollar down itself . '


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

indicators suggesting that the differential between us and german interest rates will widen further , making it too expensive for dealers to be long of dollars , dragged the us currency down .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

dollar weakness dragged sterling down 1/2 a pfennig against the d -mark to finish at dm2.8225 at the london close .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

rumours of mr norman lamont 's resignation as chancellor helped push the currency down , but they later proved unfounded .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the market 's interest was otherwise focused on the australian dollar , which sank towards the usdollars 0.71 level against the us currency despite more intervention from the reserve bank of australia .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the rba again bought the 'aussie dollar ' at usdollars 0.7180 yesterday , but the currency was quoted at usdollars 0.7150 in london at 1215 gmt .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

fears of a cut in australian interest rates are driving the currency down .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the market in australia is keeping firm in the face of continuing currency volatility .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the us and australian dollars have been taking a downward course against europe and japan .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in every wool -using country currency has become far more important in affecting prices from day to day than the course of the wool market itself .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

an urgent review of the capital costs needed to bring the lihir island gold project in papua new guinea into production has resulted in 'a sizeable reduction ' from the usdollars 767m previously expected and improved the economics , said mr geoff loudon , chairman of niugini mining , one of the partners in the project , yesterday .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

rtz wants to reduce its exposure to the project on which usdollars 135m has been spent so far - mr loudon described that group 's attitude as 'somewhat lacking in enthusiasm ' - and has been seeking another partner to take a 20 per cent stake .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

a 1990 study put the capital cost of the lihir project at usdollars 1.1bn but in 1991 this was revised in a way that not only cut capital costs but also increased cash flow in the early years of production .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr loudon yesterday would not give precise details but said the latest cost review , which would be completed within a week , looked at the possibility of employing a mining contractor and saving the usdollars 60m in the lihir budget for mining equipment .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

also the dollars 68m 'cost escalation ' figure in the budget gave room for manoeuvre as it originally assumed annual inflation of 4 per cent over the 33 months to bring the mine into production .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

inflation was now expected to be below that level and much of the equipment was to be acquired in australia , so the fall of the australian dollar against the us currency was also cutting projected costs .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr loudon revealed that the png government had agreed that the lihir project would pay no duty on fuel while the gold price was below usdollars 380 a troy ounce -lrb- a level that was exceeded yesterday for the first time in two years -rrb- .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the reserve bank of australia would be willing to consider an increase in interest rates to protect the country 's currency , mr bernie fraser , the central bank 's governor , said yesterday , writes nikki tait in sydney .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the environment for monetary policy in australia was changing , he told an investment conference in tokyo , with economic activity picking up and the exchange rate lower .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr fraser 's remarks come after several weeks of battering for the australian dollar , during which the bank has intervened to support the currency .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

australia dollars 1.9500 austria schillings 16.5000 barbados dollars 2.9200 belgium francs 48.2500


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

canada dollars 2.1400 cyprus pounds 0.7350 denmark kroner 9.2700 egypt pounds 4.8000 finland marks 7.3400 france francs 8.1000 germany marks 2.3700 greece drachmei 373.0000


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

holland guilders 2.6500 hong kong dollars 11.8500 ireland punts 0.9900 israel shekels 4.6000 italy lira 2490.0000


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

malaysia ringgit 3.9200 malta liri 0.5625 new zealand dollars 2.3800 norway kroner 10.3500 portugal escudos 244.0000


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

singapore dollar 2.2300 south africa rand 5.4000 spain pesetas 200.0000


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

united states dollars 1.5250 rates for deals up to pounds 10,000 .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

australia , which gave us `` crocodile dundee `` and the america 's cup , is also the source of an increasingly popular investment called australian dollar bonds .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

they sound a bit exotic until investors hear the interest rates quoted by brokers such as merrill lynch : 13 % for five-year bonds denominated in australian dollars and 17 % for new zealand dollar bonds of the same maturity .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` there is potential for abuse if people are hyped into the product based on the high current return without sufficient understanding of the currency risk , '' says fred quirsfeld , portfolio manager of the ids bond fund .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

for starters , investors have to worry about the exchange rates on the australian dollar for the entire time they 're going to hold the bonds , because that 's what they 're going to be repaid in .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the investor might think he 'll take a flyer on the australian dollar .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

but many professional currency traders are betting the curency will decline .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the rates on australian dollar bonds are high because inflation in australia is high , about 9.8 % .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

u.s. companies including philip morris , monsanto , and j.p. morgan have lowered their borrowing costs by issuing bonds in australian or new zealand dollars .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

they then swap the proceeds for u.s. dollars , and contract to buy back enough of the other currency to pay off the bonds when the time comes .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

even though the interest rate is much higher , the companies can contract to buy back the australian dollars at a big discount , more than enough to make up the difference .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the reason for the discount : the same difference in inflation and interest rates , which generates the expectation the australian currency will decline .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in effect , the reason investors get such a fat coupon yield is the likelihood the australian dollar will decline against the u.s. dollar while they 're holding the bonds .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

jerry egan , a new york currency dealer at sydney -based westpac banking corp. , australia 's oldest and largest bank , predicts the australian dollar , now worth 67 cents in the u.s. , will decline in the next three years to 50-55 cents .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the australian dollar was then at 73 cents , near its peak for the year .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

but within three months , the currency nose-dived 23 % to 57 cents .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

one u.s. junk bond fund put 23 % of its assets in australian and new zealand dollar bonds , and its mid-1986 performance suffered .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

not all economists predict the australian dollar will decline .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

ann parker mills , a currency analyst at shearson lehman brothers , says it may appreciate modestly to 72 cents in the next three years .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

ms. mills says australia failed to adjust after commodity prices peaked around 1980 .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

one investor who holds the bonds believes australia is on the way to solving its problems .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

even if the australian dollar fell to about 50 cents in the next five years , he says , investors would still get roughly the same return as they would from a u.s. treasury bond .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the catch is that , if the australian dollar quickly dropped 20 % , as it did in 1986 , investors who needed to cash the bonds in early would have a big loss .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

to make matters worse , mr. egan of westpac banking cautions that this very boom in australia dollar bond issues may have driven the currency to an artificially high level , making it even likelier to take a tumble .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

currency traders are debating whether the british pound 's declines thursday and friday signal an end to investors ' recent hearty appetite for high-yielding currencies .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

they also wonder whether the dollar 's fall against the yen and west german mark friday indicates a new willingness to push the u.s. unit lower and test central bankers ' determination to support it .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

she and other analysts this week will be trying to determine the impact of several events : the announcement of the new british government budget tomorrow , the approach of the march 31 end of japan 's fiscal year , central banks ' unexpected willingness so far to intervene to keep their currencies from rising too far against the dollar and growing worries about third world debt .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in late friday trading in new york , the dollar stood at 1.8520 west german marks and 152.41


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

dealers also remained wary of trying to push the currency higher after some suspected intervention by the bank of england last week to stem its rise .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

that move also caused the dollar to ease against the mark , traders said .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

since feb. 22 , when the six largest non-communist industrialized nations agreed at a meeting in paris that the dollar had fallen far enough , the u.s. currency has traded in a fairly narrow range against the mark and yen .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

that has sent investors and speculators into higher-yielding currencies , especially those of britain , canada , australia and new zealand .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

while rates paid on three-month eurodeposits of dollars , marks and yen recently stood at 6.38 % , 3.94 % and 4.19 % , respectively , the comparable rates on the british , canadian , australian and new zealand currencies were 9.88 % , 6.89 % , 16.4 % and 25.7 % .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

analysts noted that last week , while the pound climbed to a four-year high against the dollar , canada 's currency reached a more than two-year high , the australian dollar was at a four-month peak , and the new zealand dollar was at its highest in nearly a year against the u.s. currency .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in addition to the possible british central bank action , australia 's reserve bank was rumored to have sold large quantities of australian dollars late thursday in far eastern markets , lowering the currency to less than 67 1/2 u.s. cents from about 69 cents .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

nicholas p. sargen , a vice president at salomon brothers inc. , said canadian government data also `` reflect bank of canada activity to hold down the advance of the canadian dollar . ''


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` as long as there is a conviction that the dollar will be essentially stable , people are going to reach for yield , '' he said .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

since the feb. 22 meeting , fear and rumors of central bank intervention have kept the dollar between 1.82 and 1.87 marks and between 152 and 154 yen .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

with the market having failed to drive the u.s. currency higher last week , mr. soria and others say , it could try to nudge the dollar lower this week .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` as long as the dollar remains below 152.80 yen -lrb- an important point on charts that traders use to try to predict currency movements -rrb- , we have the potential to go to 150 , '' he said .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr. soria also said the exchange rate between the yen and the mark rate has n't changed since september 1985 , when the u.s. , japan , west germany , france and britain agreed to a coordinated program to bring down the dollar 's value .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr. soria said he expects the dollar to remain in a range of 145 to 155 yen and 1.77 to 1.87 marks in the near term .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

michael a. gotthelf , a vice president at berliner handels & frankfurter bank in new york , said growing apprehension about the effect of the latin american debt crisis on u.s. banks could hurt the dollar .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

masakazu miyamori , chief trader for sanwa bank in new york , predicted that japan 's life insurance companies will be big purchasers of dollar investments in the next 2 1/2 weeks .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

he also said the ministry of finance requires japanese corporations and life insurers to write off exchange losses on their dollar assets at the end of the fiscal year if the yen has risen more than 15 % against the dollar during the year .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

-lrb- in u.s. dollars -rrb- british pound ... ... ...


Question: what type of currency is used in australia


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

-lrb- in foreign units to u.s. dollar -rrb- french franc ... ... ...


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

gold prices -lrb- in u.s. dollars per troy ounce -rrb- comex london pm london am comex fri .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

meanwhile , as the june 8 summit in venice among major democracies approaches , some institutional investors are backing off amid speculation that major interest rate and currency coordination policies may result from the meeting , an analyst said .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in addition , the strength of the australian dollar against the u.s. currency is eroding earnings at mining companies , whose exports are largely denominated in u.s. dollars .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

coal miners , in particular , are complaining about gains in the australian dollar in recent months because they are being forced at the same time to cut prices in the important japanese market .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the australian dollar 's latest rally has carried it to its highest levels in 17 months , but traders and economists are wondering whether the run can continue .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in may 1986 , australia 's treasurer , paul keating , warned that the country would become a `` banana republic '' if it did n't get its currency rate under control .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the currency bottomed at 57.20 u.s. cents july 28 , 1986 , and has risen steadily since then .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

investors , attracted by pledges of fiscal discipline and by interest rates of about 15 % , have flocked to australia 's fixed-income securities market .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the australian dollar has risen 28 % from its july 1986 low and was quoted at 73.42 cents in late new york trading friday .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

for u.s. investors , the australian dollar has become increasingly important .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

first australia prime income fund , for example , was marketed to u.s. investors in 1986 .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the currency 's rise also has made u.s. exports to australia , such as computers and instruments , more competitive .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

traders and economists applaud the changes under way in australia .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

a crucial change has come in monetary policy , which mr. taylor said was mishandled after the australian dollar was allowed to float in august 1983 .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

westpac 's ms. camacho said the currency market 's increased liquidity also has helped to create stability .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` two years ago , '' she said , `` if you had an order of 20 million australian dollars , it would move the market half a cent .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

now you can have a 100 million dollar order . ''


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` since floating 3 1/2 years ago , the -lrb- australian -rrb- dollar has had a tendency when it falls to really plummet , '' he said .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

many traders and economists , in fact , say the country and its currency still face a struggle over australia 's current-account deficit .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

as the australian dollar gains strength , imports become more attractively priced and threaten to widen the nation 's trade deficit .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the outlook for the currency accordingly is uncertain .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` the australian dollar will stay at current to slightly higher levels for several months , '' mr. kaplan said .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` but early in 1988 , if inflation and current-account figures do n't show a clear improving trend , then the australian dollar will slip a bit . ''


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

prime minister bob hawke , who led the recent moves that have stimulated the markets , said last week , `` i do n't think that we are going to be witnessing the -lrb- australian -rrb- dollar going up through the roof . ''


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

still , an australian unit of citicorp said friday that it expects the currency to reach 75 cents by december .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in part , its fate depends on the direction taken by the u.s. dollar .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

if the u.s. currency continues the slide it began 2 1/2 years ago , the australian dollar would benefit along with many other currencies .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

friday 's currency activity the dollar slumped in light trading as the market oscillated in a narrow range .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the dollar was quoted at 1.8065 west german marks in late new york trading , compared with 1.8158 late thursday , and at 142.56 japanese yen , compared with 143.39 .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

traders said the u.s. currency was hit by a report in the japanese newspaper yomiuri shimbun that the major industrial countries are likely to adjust their target range for the dollar 's rate to between 130 and 150 yen from the current presumed range of 140 to 160 yen .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the seven nations , which have never acknowledged having any target ranges for the dollar 's value , will meet for talks in washington late this week .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

-lrb- in u.s. dollars -rrb- british pound ... ..1.6568


Question: what type of currency is used in australia


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

-lrb- in foreign units to u.s. dollar -rrb- french franc ... .. .6.0225


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the offering would be the largest convertible eurobond issue denominated in australian dollars .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

friday , seasoned fixed-coupon eurodollar issues fell about 1/2 point , with markdowns about in line with a drop in u.s. treasurys early in the day .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` what 's disconcerting is that it happened even though the dollar has done well , '' said john herron , a syndication specialist at bankers trust international ltd. friday , swiss bank corp. australia ltd. offered 75 million australian dollars of four-year 12 5/8 % bonds at 101 3/4 to yield 12.05 % , even though a drop in the australian dollar thursday knocked about a point off the price of bonds in that currency .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` the australian dollar market has n't been as buoyant , '' said an official of swiss bank corp. international , which led the deal .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

as yields of u.s. treasurys climb , the dollar-denominated bonds look more and more attractive to investors , a geneva trader said .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

since early 1985 , most foreign-bond funds have benefited from a generally weak dollar , which has helped all sorts of global investments .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

but currency effects can cut the other way , observes eric kobren , who publishes an investment newsletter featuring fidelity investments ' funds .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

but with foreign-bond funds , he asserts , risks are `` even more so because of the currency fluctuations . ''


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

currency fluctuations also can help or hurt foreign bond funds .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the australian dollar has been steady or strengthening for much of this year , for instance , while the australian bond market has rallied , helping those bonds post an even stronger return in u.s. dollar terms .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` you would have done well if you were in australia and new zealand , '' says edward a. taber iii , head of the taxable fixed-income division at t. rowe price associates .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

australia 's market ranked first for both the quarter and nine months .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

mr. taber says he recently adjusted the t. rowe price portfolio by shortening maturities of its australian holdings -- a defensive move in light of the recent slowdown in markets there as well as the leveling off of the australian dollar .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

as for currency plays , the t. rowe fund sometimes will hedge holdings by selling currencies forward , in effect locking in current exchange rates .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

david rossmiller , who runs the pilgrim foreign international bond fund , figures that so far this year about two-thirds of the capital appreciation in his fund is due to currency gains , with the rest from higher bond prices .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the fund , which is restricted to resident aliens , is invested in `` a mixture of the higher yielding markets '' including australia , new zealand and the u.k. , says mr. rossmiller .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the dollar was slightly weaker against most other major currencies .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

however , according to some dealers , the dollar is benefiting indirectly from so-called cross-trading between non-dollar currencies .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

cross-trading has increased recently as part of the general movement into such high-interest rate currencies as the british pound and the australian dollar , from such relatively low-yielding currencies as the west german mark and yen .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in new york , traders said the u.s. federal reserve , acting on behalf of the reserve bank of australia , sold australian dollars in the market to turn back the currency 's advance .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the canadian dollar , another currency offering high yields , continued to rally , climbing to 80.43 u.s. cents , from 80.25 u.s. cents .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the yields on three-month eurocurrency deposits are 8.63 % for sterling , 10.31 % for australian dollars , and 8.5 % for canadian dollars .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

these rates stand in sharp contrast to yields for similar deposits of 6.84 % for dollars and 3.38 % for marks .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in other trading , the dollar eased slightly to 1.6905 marks , from 1.6919 , and to 126.75 yen , from 127.05 .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in tokyo , the dollar opened thursday at 126.75 , below its quote of 127.15 yen at the end of wednesday 's tokyo session .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

-lrb- in u.s. dollars -rrb- british pound ... ... ..


Question: what type of currency is used in australia


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

gold prices -lrb- in u.s. dollars per troy ounce -rrb- comex london pm london am comex wed .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

trading the australian dollar is `` so much less fun '' than it used to be , says stephen bell , manager of corporate options dealings at chemical bank .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

late friday here , the australian dollar was quoted at 78.40 u.s. cents , unchanged from the level late thursday .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in the past , the australian dollar used to cover that much ground in a flash .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in mid-october , for instance , a torrent of sales smashed the currency down almost three cents in a day , to 78.95 u.s. cents from 81.57 cents .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

that selling spree was touched off by reserve bank of australia easing , intervention by the central bank , and bearish remarks made by australian treasurer paul keating .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

once a straight interest-rate play , the australian dollar used to rise sharply whenever australia 's sky-high interest rates were expected to climb and drop like a brick whenever a rate decline was anticipated .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

although rates remain a driving force to australian dollar dealings , the currency is expected to be out of the limelight for a while longer .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

australia 's 90-day treasury notes currently yield approximately 11 % , far more than the 5.59 % yield on the equivalent three-month u.s. treasury bills .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

while australia 's rates remain attractive , a series of easings by the reserve bank of australia has dragged them down from the stratospheric levels that investors once hungered for .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the australian dollar is now one of the `` more comfortable sideline alternatives '' in the market , says trevor woodland , manager of corporate activity at harris trust & savings bank in chicago .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

investors who used to make short-term trades in the currency now have a `` long-run willingness '' to stick with it , he says .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

with australia 's rates still relatively high and the australian dollar range trading , investors feel safe holding the currency even though australia is in recession and the reserve bank is expected to continue easing its monetary policy , mr. woodland says .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the australian dollar 's new stability is especially evident in currency option trading .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

volatility implied by one-month australian dollar options has fallen to roughly 6.5 % from levels around 13 % late last year , says mr. bell of chemical bank .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

australian dollar trading is expected to stay pretty quiet , especially with japanese investors said to be curbing their appetite for the currency .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the japanese have been keeping their money `` closer to home '' because rates in australia and other nations are declining , says richard porter , manager of corporate trading at westpac banking corp. in new york .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

near term , the australian dollar is expected to be supported by still relatively high australia 's rates and capped on the upside by reserve bank intervention if it becomes too strong .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

friday 's market activity the dollar slipped broadly friday as a mild 0.2 % rise in the april u.s. producer price index stirred speculation that the federal reserve might cut interest rates again .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in late new york trading , the dollar was quoted at 1.7230 marks , off from 1.7325 marks late thursday in new york .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the u.s. currency gained only against the yen and was quoted at 138.70 yen , above 138.10 yen .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in tokyo early monday , the dollar was trading at 139.23 yen , up slightly from friday 's tokyo close of 138.58 yen .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

meanwhile , the u.s. currency was trading at about 1.7255 marks , down from 1.7291 marks at tokyo 's close friday .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

by late last week , the australian dollar appeared to settle at about 74 u.s. cents , down 5 % from early december , when it was trading at about 78 u.s. cents .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

measured against a basket of currencies weighted according to australia 's trade , the australian dollar has depreciated by about 5.5 % .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

now , except for importers , `` just about no one is unhappy with the decline of the currency , '' says bruce rolph , research director at baring securities -lrb- australia -rrb- ltd .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

with inflation at its lowest level in years and the economy mired in a protracted recession , he adds , what better time to `` capture all the benefits of a lower currency with little of the costs . ''


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in the short term , the weaker australian dollar , which makes imports more expensive , also could widen australia 's worrisome balance-of-payments deficit .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

any big spending plans could spook investors and send the shaky currency into a free fall , they say .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

to counter any currency collapse , the government could be forced into a `` nasty and vicious circle '' of raising interest rates , which would fuel unemployment , says stephen roberts , an economist at sbc dominguez barry ltd. adds tom valentine , a finance specialist at the university of technology in sydney : `` the problem is -lcb- the australian dollar -rcb- is in a vulnerable position ; any sort of bad news could set it off . ''


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

a reserve bank spokesman said it was the biggest such market intervention since the global stock market crash in october 1987 rocked the australian dollar .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the reserve bank and government officials wo n't comment on the levels at which they would prefer the australian dollar to trade .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

however , market participants say they think the government 's preference is for the currency to hold at current levels .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

because the weaker currency should boost exports while discouraging imports , the government is likely to be pleased with the recent depreciation .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

moreover , a stable australian dollar at lower levels would in the longer term foster badly needed business investment .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

with inflation running at about 3.5 % and set to fall further amid sluggish domestic demand , few economists think that the risk of rekindling inflation is great unless the currency falls much further .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

`` we have to be careful that the lower -lcb- australian -rcb- dollar does n't lead to higher inflation in australia because that would increase the cost of production .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

and partially negate the benefits from a lower dollar , '' says robin stewardson , chief economist at broken hill proprietary co. , a steel , oil and mining concern that is australia 's biggest company .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

late friday here , the australian dollar was quoted at 74.00


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

short-term rates are now around 7 % , following a series of easings by the reserve bank of australia in the past two years .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

when rates were at sky-high levels , the australian dollar was one of the darlings of the foreign exchange market , even though australia 's economy was in a slump .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

that is because investors scrambled to snap up the high-yielding investments in australia 's credit market .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

now , the currency is almost an outcast .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

with rates down , the australian dollar is clearly `` vulnerable , '' says mr. johnson of harris trust .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

although the announcement of a number of stimulative measures is anticipated , analysts say the australian dollar could be hit by more sales if there are worries that increased government spending will mean higher inflation and a bigger federal budget deficit for australia .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the one thing the australian dollar has going for it now is the reserve bank 's resolve to cushion its fall , traders say .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the australian central bank recently has been seen buying the currency aggressively against the u.s. dollar .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

the federal reserve bank of new york also has been seen purchasing australian dollars , likely on behalf of australia 's central bank .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

but intervention , alone , probably wo n't be enough to keep the australian dollar supported for long .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

recently , sales by far east traders have `` done most of the damage '' to the australian dollar , says george diamantopoulos , chief dealer at australia & new zealand banking group ltd. in new york .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

he also predicts that australian dollar support just below 73 cents will probably be tested soon .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

in early trading in tokyo monday , the dollar was at 128.85 yen , up sharply from 124.57 yen at friday 's tokyo close .


Question: what type of currency is used in australia

meanwhile , the u.s. currency was trading at 1.6065 marks , down from 1.6103 marks friday .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the important task in the four -country visit by the taiwan leader was to consolidate `` diplomatic relations '' with south africa through the swearing-in ceremonies for newly elected south african president mandela .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

his excellency president daniel arap moi today sent a congratulatory message to mr. nelson mandela for being elected president of south africa and the victory of his african national congress party in the just-concluded south african elections .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the president , sir ketumile masire , has congratulated the south african president-elect , mr. nelson mandela , for his victory in south africa 's first multiracial election .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the president , sir ketumile masire , is to attend the inauguration of south africa 's president-elect , mr. nelson mandela , in pretoria on 10 may .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

president yoweri museveni has congratulated the people of south africa , the anc , and mr. nelson mandela , in particular , on their recent victory in the elections which have ended the inhumane system of apartheid .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

president nelson mandela has taken note of an article in the london sunday times claiming that he may retire within two years as president of south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

this is contained in a statement issued in accra and signed by the co-chairman of the party , dr. ako-brew , congratulating president nelson mandela of south africa and the leader of the inkatha freedom party , chief mangosuthu buthelezi , for ensuring successful elections in their country .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

li will then fly to costa rica to attend the sunday inauguration of president-elect jose maria figueres , and later fly to south africa , where on may 10 he will attend the inauguration of newly-elected south african president nelson mandela .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

on 15 may , the sunday times carried a special dispatch which said that nelson mandela , who has just been elected president , will `` resign from the post of president of south africa within two years , '' and that this would `` cause a power struggle within the african national congress . ''


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

a myanmar -lsb- burmese -rsb- delegation led by vice admiral maung maung khin , deputy prime minister of the government of the union of myanmar , returned to yangon -lsb- rangoon -rsb- airport this evening after attending the swearing in ceremony for the new president of the republic of south africa , mr. nelson mandela , held in pretoria on 10 may 1994 .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

mandela is the ever first black president in south africa who gained victory at the general election following the abolition of apartheid in this country .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

vice president 'abd-al- halim khaddam returned to damascus at dawn today after representing president hafiz al-asad in the inauguration of president nelson mandela of south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

mandela was then elected president , after a long struggle to end the racist regime in south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

on his return from south africa , mr. hashemi , our country 's first deputy foreign minister , referring to his meeting with nelson mandela , the south african elected president and to the fact that the talks carried out were successful , said the embassy of the islamic republic of iran in south africa was opened during this visit and it is hoped that with the eradication of apartheid , the political-economic relations between the islamic republic of iran and the south affica will expand .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

1994 mandela 's african national congress wins first all-race elections in south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

between early and mid may , the taiwan authorities ' top leader made a visit to four countries in central america and africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

in south africa , he provided the country with $ 15 million to consolidate `` diplomatic relations '' between the two sides .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the paper said , compared with over 100 un members , the strength of the friendly central and south american countries was limited , even insignificant .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

for this reason , aside from providing the loan , he expected the new south african administration would develop its relations with taiwan and prc according to the `` dual recognition '' pattern .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

it was through your statesmanship , patience , valour and sacrifice that the entire population of south africa has now a chance to lay a firm foundation to build a new nation based on equality and democracy .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

kenya has in the past supported your struggle and indeed looked forward to the dismantling of racial inequality in south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

we look forward to cooperating with the new south africa for the mutual benefit of our two peoples .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

your excellency , once again , accept my heartfelt congratulations , as i wish the new south africa peace and prosperity .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

in his message president masire said it is a victory that the people of south africa have yearned for , fought for , and died for over the centuries .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

president masire expresses the hope that as south africans celebrate their election victory and remember their fallen heroes , they will at the same time dedicate themselves to a future free of racial bigotry and the tyranny of the majority .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

sir ketumile said south africa has a great role to play in southern africa and will be welcomed into the sadc -lsb- southern african development community -rsb- family .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

a news release from the office of the president said the president will be accompanied by the first lady , mrs. gladys masire , the minister for foreign affairs , dr. gaositwe chiepe , the mp -lsb- member of parliament -rsb- for molepolole , mr. daniel kwelagobe , and senior government officials .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the president and his delegation will be among other leaders and dignitaries from all over the world who will also be participating in the inaugural ceremony .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the news release further said the intention of the botswana government is to quickly put into motion the necessary procedures to upgrade the diplomatic relations between botswana and south africa to full ambassadorial level .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the south african chamber of business , sacob , said the business community was keen to help establish the new government and work for a final constitution to meet south africa 's long-term needs .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

meanwhile , the congress of south african trade unions -lsb- cosatu -rsb- has hailed the anc election win as a triumph for working people .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the president was addressing a crowd which gathered at the parliamentary buildings in kampala today to celebrate the end of apartheid in south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

he also congratulated mr. de klerk for changing his mind from his original stand and join the people of south africa in the move toward this new chapter .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

mr. museveni paid tribute to the people of south africa who sacrificed a great deal in the struggle for freedom .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

mr. museveni said that with this new chapter in south africa , africa is now free from the cape to cairo .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

he cautioned , however , that africa is only free in the broad-based sense , because there are still many problems to solve , such as the present conflicts in rwanda , burundi , the sudan , and angola .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

he also pointed out that the combined gross domestic product of south africa , east africa , and nigeria is still smaller than the gross domestic product of a small country like belgium .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the president , who acknowledged the presence of anc soldiers at the celebrations , said that since the national resistance movement came to government in 1986 , it has given assistance to the anc in line with the oau policy .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

a statement issued by the ministry of foreign affairs in kampala today stressed that the success of the anc is not only a victory for one party alone but for all the 19 parties which participated in the elections , as well as the people of africa who believe in equality , justice , and democracy .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the people of uganda , the statement says , are proud to have been associated with the liberation struggle in south africa through their moral , political , and material support .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the statement adds that the people of uganda salute president de klerk for his steadfastness and courage amid threats , not only in organizing and ensuring free and fair elections but conceding defeat in a statesmanlike manner and agreeing to hand over power to the winner .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

uganda , the statement concludes , welcomes the new nation of south africa to its rightful place among the international community and looks forward to many years of mutual and friendly cooperation in all fields of common endeavor in order to make the world a safer and more prosperous place to live in .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the president expresses his displeasure with the totally unfounded and malicious disinformation published by the london sunday times .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the article has absolutely no factual basis , and is nothing more than rumour mongering written with the intention to create uncertainty about south africa 's first democratically elected government .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the people of south africa have given the president a clear mandate , and he intends to fulfill that mandate to the fullest .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the egle party also congratulates the outgoing president of malawi , dr. kamuzu banda , for conceding defeat in his country 's presidential elections .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

according to the statement , the examples of south africa and malawi should be a light to other african countries where opposition parties , unable to accept defeat in a free and fair election , have resorted to verbal and physical violence to achieve political power .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the statement said whilst the npp -lsb- new patriotic party -rsb- sent congratulatory messages to political party leaders in south africa , who have made true dialogue a cornerstone of their politics , the same party has backed out of dialogue here at home .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

president li teng -hui left for nicaragua wednesday -lsb- 4 may -rsb- morning on the first day of his 13-day , four -country overseas tour .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

during the next two weeks , li will pay official visits to nicaragua , costa rica , south africa , and swaziland .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

traveling with li are foreign affairs minister chien fu , governor of the central bank of china samuel shieh , chairman of the council for economic planning and development hsiao wan-chang , executive yuan advisor jeffrey koo , presidential vice secretary-general raymond tai , and the directors of the foreign ministry 's central and south american affairs department yen ping - fan and african affairs department du ling .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

britain 's news media have recently fabricated two news pieces to slander south africa and china .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

it is not a coincidence that these two british news agencies one after the other resorted to this kind of trick to slander south africa and china ; it is a natural revelation of the dark side in the minds of a small minority of britons who hate to see advancement in the world .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

south africa , which was once under british colonial rule , has got rid of numerous obstacles , cast off the chains of racism , obtained a new life , and embarked upon a road of national reconciliation and peaceful and stable development of the country ; china , implementing the policy of reform and opening up , enjoys economic prosperity , social stability , and national unity , and is firmly fulfilling the historic mission of resuming sovereignty over hong kong .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the following is a compilation of reports by pyongyang korean central broadcasting network in korean between 12 and 14 may summing up the visit of yang hyong-sop , chairman of dprk supreme people 's assembly , to south africa to attend the presidential inauguration ceremony .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

representatives of the group of seven leading industrial nations agreed saturday -lsb- 7 may -rsb- to coordinate their assistance to south africa under its new government following last week 's elections , a japanese official said .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the g-7 officials are scheduled to hold talks with the newly named south african trade and industry minister , trevor manuel , who is to arrive in warsaw later on saturday , the japanese official said .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

in a note sent to current south african president frederick de klerk , franco praised his stature as a statesman , which made possible the transition process culminating in the installation in south africa of a multiracial democracy .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

many officials here in ghana said fidel could not be absent from such a significant event in south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the cuban ambassador to ghana told us this , and that the presence of the commander in chief in south africa is greatly appreciated .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

hashemi 's four-day visit to johannesburg has been made at the invitation of the committee for the oath taking ceremony of the designate president .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

following the abolition of apartheid , iran and south africa in a joint communique may 10 announced the resumption of formal diplomatic relations .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

iran cut off its relations with the apartheid regime of south africa in the wake of the victory of islamic revolution in 1979 .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

a high ranking political delegation from south africa will visit iran with the aim of expanding relations .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

even the vanquished entered into the spirit of the moment , with president f. w. de klerk conceding defeat with words of generosity and warmth for his new boss in the government of national unity .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

mr de klerk ended a nationally-televised address with the words 'god bless south africa , nkosi sikele ' , african nationalism 's hymn of liberation , now adopted as one of south africa 's two national anthems .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

south africa 's deputy president thabo mbeki yesterday handed over the country 's new flag to southern africa development conference chairman sir ketumile masire in gaberone , botswana , in a gesture that marked the start of a new era for the entire region .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the formal accession of south africa to the now 11 -member sadc means that the organisation , originally devoted to reducing its members ' links to their southern neighbour , is now regarded as the vehicle with the best chance of driving the region towards growth .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the shift follows years during which sadc has been politically opposed to , but dependent on , south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

this spirit of co-operation between south africa and sadc was by no means guaranteed .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

while most of the world rejoiced at the success of south africa 's elections earlier this year , the broader southern african community viewed the transition to democracy with mixed feelings .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

although justifiably proud at their contribution to the overthrow of apartheid , many in the region feared that the african national congress , once in power , might forget its debts , while south africa 's re-emergence on the global stage would divert much-needed aid and investment from its poorer neighbours .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

but , despite such concerns , the new south african government has placed regional co-operation at the forefront of its emerging foreign policy .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

'south africa will actively encourage the movement to create a new form of political and economic interaction in southern africa , ' he said , while stressing his support for a new regional security mechanism that would complement sadc 's economic activities .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the new approach is a marked contrast to south africa 's previous policies .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

as the unquestioned regional superpower under former president pw botha , the south african regime unabashedly used its economic and military might to prevent its black-run neighbours from successfully uniting in opposition to south africa or helping to provide aid to the liberation movement .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

by helping to foment civil wars in angola and mozambique and showing little hesitation in launching cross-border military strikes to try to destroy anc bases in other countries , south africa garnered a well-deserved reputation as regional bully .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

it was in response to such activities that south africa 's neighbours formed sadc 's precursor , the southern african development co-ordination conference -lrb- sadcc -rrb- , in 1980 .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

despite its admirable aims , however , sadcc proved unable to meet its objective of reducing its members ' trade with south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

not only did nearly all its members actually expand their economic relationship with south africa over the past decade ; few of the organisation 's initiatives to improve regional infrastructure yielded any fruit .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

recognising the wider impact of political change in south africa , the body renamed itself sadc in 1992 , changing its primary focus from opposition to south africa to economic development .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

and , with south africa now a fully integrated member , the organisation is optimistic that it will finally be able to succeed in its goals .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

in addition , the relative size of south africa - it contributes over 75 per cent to a regional gdp of around dollars 125bn -lrb- pounds 80.6bn -rrb-


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

makes other countries nervous of being flooded with cheaper south african goods should all restrictions be removed .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

'i ca n't see sadc successfully turning itself into a free trade area in the immediate future , but there is significant potential for the grouping , under south african leadership , to play the role of regional peacemaker , ' says mr chris landsberg , a foreign policy specialist at johannesburg 's centre for policy studies .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

acknowledging this possibility , the frontline states organisation -lrb- a political grouping comprising all sadc members except malawi , lesotho and swaziland and also originally designed to thwart south africa -rrb- has decided to restructure itself into the political and security wing of sadc .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the scope for such activities has been demonstrated over the past week as sadc members have taken a stand to try to restore democracy to lesotho after its king illegally dismissed the elected government .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

however the fact remains that , for the first time since most of sadc 's members achieved independence , there is hope that , with south africa at the forefront , the region might at last be able to reverse its economic decline .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

leaders in south africa and zimbabwe yesterday rejected military intervention in lesotho , where the king has claimed control over the elected government , reuter reports from cape town .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

an appointed provisional government was yesterday sworn in to rule lesotho in place of the democratically elected parliament dissolved by the king , and one man was reported killed when police fired on demonstrators .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

if the 60m people of southern africa were capable of collectively crossing their fingers , and uttering a silent prayer , they would be doing so this week .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

here , in the two countries where the old southern africa was born some 400 years ago , the final stages in the shaping of the new southern africa are taking place .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

that year the foundations of white rule began to crack , for the coup in lisbon in 1974 not only paved the way to independence for portugal 's african colonies , it marked the beginning of the end for minority regimes in rhodesia and south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

should mr jonas savimbi , the unita leader who forced the collapse of the 1991 settlement when he refused to accept his defeat by president eduardo dos santos in the election the following year , agree to the terms negotiated over the past nine months in the zambian capital lusaka , the last piece of the regional settlement falls into place .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

and if both mozambique and angola manage to secure a lasting peace in the critical days ahead , it would mark a watershed for the region , led today by newly democratic south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

free of racial division and civil war , without external aggressors , and accepting the principles of democracy and civil rights , and with market driven economic planning , southern africa will have a common cause : to develop the potential of lands rich in oil and natural gas , minerals , marine resources and agricultural produce , with the bonus of thousands of miles of fine beaches encompassing af-rica 's finest wildlife res-erves .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

in mozambique mr afonso dhlakama , leader of the erstwhile rebel renamo party and the main challenger to president joaquim chissano 's ruling frelimo party , seems to be hinting that he , like mr savimbi , might not accept defeat at the polls .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

'first we are asking whether mr dhlakama will accept my programme with no preconditions , ' said the president .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

for the first time southern africa is attracting the attention of emerging market funds , thanks both to political change in south africa and economic reforms across the continent .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

although the bulk of the dollars 2bn-dollars 3bn the market might attract will go to south africa , nearly a dozen stock markets are now competing for business - in botswana , cote d'ivoire , ghana , kenya , mauritius , namibia , nigeria , swaziland , zambia and zimbabwe .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

for the first time in 400 years , the region will be free of systems of racially based hegemony , free of conflict , free of the ideological differences that marked the post independence era of africa , and able to harness the power of south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

if mozambique and angola succeed in their transition to lasting democracy , the people of southern africa may be able to look back on the days ahead as the start of a new and more prosperous era .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

the events that shaped a new southern africa


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

south african troops invade angola ; cuba begins troop build-up .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

1988 us -brokered deal secures independence for namibia from south africa in return for cuban troop withdrawal from neighbouring angola .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

1989 sam nujoma , leader of south west africa people 's organisation , wins namibia 's independence election .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

1992 angolan elections confirm president eduardo dos santos ' mpla in power , but opposition unita leader jonas savimbi refuses to accept outcome .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

civil war continuedm exacerbated by south african invasions and the arrival of cuban troops .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

1988 , us -brokered settlement saw the withdrawal of cuban troops from angola in return for south african acceptance of multi-party elections in namibia .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

these took place in the following year and were won by the south west africa people 's organisation , which is still in power .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

once the fiefdom of the british south africa company , the territory -lrb- then rhodesia -rrb- became a british colony at the turn of this century .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

as in angola , independence in 1975 was traumatic , marked by the exodus of more than 200,000 settlers of portuguese origin and a civil war encouraged first by white rhodesia -lrb- now zimbabwe -rrb- and then by white south africa .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

he was elected president of south africa this year in the country 's first all-race elections .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

shaka 's children by stephen taylor harpercollins pounds 18,416 pages just a couple of years ago , the guest of honour at a luncheon in the officers ' mess of the south wales borderers in brecon was an ancient and distinguished zulu gentleman called magqubu .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

their place in the modern world is still not clear ; and they are at the very heart of the south african political drama today .


Question: who was elected president of south africa in 1994

looking at the events of 1994 , it is impossible to disagree ; south africa will have to reconcile its tribes to the future - and the trickiest will be the afrikaners and the zulus .