class_docstr: A CI class, inherited from Optimizer.
  
  This is the designed class to define CI-related
  variables and methods.
  
  References:
      A. J. Kulkarni, I. P. Durugkar, M. Kumar. Cohort Intelligence: A Self Supervised Learning Behavior.
      IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (2013).
code: def upper(self, upper: np.ndarray) -> None:
      if not isinstance(upper, np.ndarray):
          raise e.TypeError("`upper` should be a numpy array")
  
      self._upper = upper
  
imports: import copy
  from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
  import numpy
  import opytimizer.math.general
  import opytimizer.math.random
  import opytimizer.utils.exception
  from opytimizer.core.function import Function
  from opytimizer.core.optimizer import Optimizer
  from opytimizer.core.space import Space
  from opytimizer.utils import logging
label_desc: Use image node_id 9 for calling the CI obj's underlying member method code with example usage: obj.upper(upper) without return types