code: def test_parameter_validation():
      x = [0, 1, 0.5]
      y = np.zeros((2, 3))
      assert_raises(ValueError, solve_bvp, exp_fun, exp_bc, x, y)
  
      x = np.linspace(0, 1, 5)
      y = np.zeros((2, 4))
      assert_raises(ValueError, solve_bvp, exp_fun, exp_bc, x, y)
  
      def fun(x, y, p):
          return exp_fun(x, y)
  
      def bc(ya, yb, p):
          return exp_bc(ya, yb)
  
      y = np.zeros((2, x.shape[0]))
      assert_raises(ValueError, solve_bvp, fun, bc, x, y, p=[1])
  
      def wrong_shape_fun(x, y):
          return np.zeros(3)
  
      assert_raises(ValueError, solve_bvp, wrong_shape_fun, bc, x, y)
  
      S = np.array([[0, 0]])
      assert_raises(ValueError, solve_bvp, exp_fun, exp_bc, x, y, S=S)
  
imports: import sys
  import numpy
  from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_array_equal, assert_allclose, assert_equal
  from pytest import raises
  from scipy.sparse import coo_matrix
  from scipy.special import erf
  from scipy.integrate._bvp import modify_mesh, estimate_fun_jac, estimate_bc_jac, compute_jac_indices, construct_global_jac, solve_bvp
label_desc: Use image node_id 38 for calling a global function with example usage: test_parameter_validation() and returns: exp_fun, exp_bc, np