code: def dtype(x: Any, *, canonicalize: bool = False) -> DType:
      """Return the dtype object for a value or type, optionally canonicalized based on X64 mode."""
      if x is None:
          raise ValueError(f"Invalid argument to dtype: {x}.")
      elif isinstance(x, type) and x in python_scalar_dtypes:
          dt = python_scalar_dtypes[x]
      elif type(x) in python_scalar_dtypes:
          dt = python_scalar_dtypes[type(x)]
      elif _issubclass(x, np.generic):
          return np.dtype(x)
      elif issubdtype(getattr(x, "dtype", None), extended):
          dt = x.dtype
      else:
          try:
              dt = np.result_type(x)
          except TypeError as err:
              raise TypeError(f"Cannot determine dtype of {x}") from err
      if dt not in _jax_dtype_set and not issubdtype(dt, extended):
          raise TypeError(
              f"Value '{x}' with dtype {dt} is not a valid JAX array "
              "type. Only arrays of numeric types are supported by JAX."
          )
      # TODO(jakevdp): fix return type annotation and remove this ignore.
      return (
          canonicalize_dtype(dt, allow_extended_dtype=True)
          if canonicalize
          else dt
      )
  
imports: from __future__ import annotations
  import abc
  import builtins
  import functools
  from typing import cast, overload, Any, Literal, Union
  import warnings
  import ml_dtypes
  import numpy
  from jax._src import config
  from jax._src.typing import DType, DTypeLike
  from jax._src.util import set_module
  from jax._src import traceback_util
label_desc: Use image node_id 23 for calling a global function with example usage: dtype(x) and returns: unknown, np