code: def rugplot(
      data=None,
      *,
      x=None,
      y=None,
      hue=None,
      height=0.025,
      expand_margins=True,
      palette=None,
      hue_order=None,
      hue_norm=None,
      legend=True,
      ax=None,
      **kwargs,
  ):
      # A note: I think it would make sense to add multiple= to rugplot and allow
      # rugs for different hue variables to be shifted orthogonal to the data axis
      # But is this stacking, or dodging?
  
      # A note: if we want to add a style semantic to rugplot,
      # we could make an option that draws the rug using scatterplot
  
      # A note, it would also be nice to offer some kind of histogram/density
      # rugplot, since alpha blending doesn't work great in the large n regime
  
      # --- Start with backwards compatability for versions < 0.11.0 ----------------
  
      a = kwargs.pop("a", None)
      axis = kwargs.pop("axis", None)
  
      if a is not None:
          data = a
          msg = textwrap.dedent(
              """\n
          The `a` parameter has been replaced; use `x`, `y`, and/or `data` instead.
          Please update your code; This will become an error in seaborn v0.14.0.
          """
          )
          warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning, stacklevel=2)
  
      if axis is not None:
          if axis == "x":
              x = data
          elif axis == "y":
              y = data
          data = None
          msg = textwrap.dedent(
              f"""\n
          The `axis` parameter has been deprecated; use the `{axis}` parameter instead.
          Please update your code; this will become an error in seaborn v0.14.0.
          """
          )
          warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning, stacklevel=2)
  
      vertical = kwargs.pop("vertical", None)
      if vertical is not None:
          if vertical:
              action_taken = "assigning data to `y`."
              if x is None:
                  data, y = y, data
              else:
                  x, y = y, x
          else:
              action_taken = "assigning data to `x`."
          msg = textwrap.dedent(
              f"""\n
          The `vertical` parameter is deprecated; {action_taken}
          This will become an error in seaborn v0.14.0; please update your code.
          """
          )
          warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning, stacklevel=2)
  
      # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
  
      p = _DistributionPlotter(
          data=data,
          variables=dict(x=x, y=y, hue=hue),
      )
      p.map_hue(palette=palette, order=hue_order, norm=hue_norm)
  
      if ax is None:
          ax = plt.gca()
  
      p._attach(ax)
  
      color = kwargs.pop("color", kwargs.pop("c", None))
      kwargs["color"] = _default_color(ax.plot, hue, color, kwargs)
  
      if not p.has_xy_data:
          return ax
  
      p.plot_rug(height, expand_margins, legend, **kwargs)
  
      return ax
  
imports: from numbers import Number
  from functools import partial
  import math
  import textwrap
  import warnings
  import numpy
  import pandas
  import matplotlib
  import matplotlib.pyplot
  import matplotlib.transforms
  from matplotlib.cbook import normalize_kwargs
  from matplotlib.colors import to_rgba
  from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection
  from ._base import VectorPlotter
  from ._statistics import ECDF, Histogram, KDE
  from ._stats.counting import Hist
  from .axisgrid import FacetGrid, _facet_docs
  from .utils import remove_na, _get_transform_functions, _kde_support, _check_argument, _assign_default_kwargs, _default_color
  from .palettes import color_palette
  from .external import husl
  from .external.kde import gaussian_kde
  from ._docstrings import DocstringComponents, _core_docs
label_desc: Use image node_id 4 for calling a global function with example usage: rugplot(data) and returns: ax, ax