code: def _fsspec_data_transfer(
      path_or_fob,
      fs=None,
      file_size=None,
      bytes_per_thread=_BYTES_PER_THREAD_DEFAULT,
      max_gap=64_000,
      mode="rb",
  ):
      if bytes_per_thread is None:
          bytes_per_thread = _BYTES_PER_THREAD_DEFAULT
  
      # Require `fs` if `path_or_fob` is not file-like
      file_like = is_file_like(path_or_fob)
      if fs is None and not file_like:
          raise ValueError(
              "fs must be defined if `path_or_fob` is not file-like"
          )
  
      # Calculate total file size
      if file_like:
          try:
              file_size = path_or_fob.size
          except AttributeError:
              # If we cannot find the size of path_or_fob
              # just read it.
              return path_or_fob.read()
      file_size = file_size or fs.size(path_or_fob)
  
      # Check if a direct read makes the most sense
      if bytes_per_thread >= file_size:
          if file_like:
              return path_or_fob.read()
          else:
              return fs.open(
                  path_or_fob, mode=mode, cache_type="all"
              ).read()
  
      # Threaded read into "local" buffer
      buf = np.zeros(file_size, dtype="b")
  
      byte_ranges = [
          (b, min(bytes_per_thread, file_size - b))
          for b in range(0, file_size, bytes_per_thread)
      ]
      _read_byte_ranges(
          path_or_fob,
          byte_ranges,
          buf,
          fs=fs,
      )
  
      return buf.tobytes()
  
imports: import datetime
  import os
  import urllib
  import warnings
  from io import BufferedWriter, BytesIO, IOBase, TextIOWrapper
  from threading import Thread
  import fsspec
  import fsspec.implementations.local
  import numpy
  import pandas
  from fsspec.core import get_fs_token_paths
  from pyarrow import PythonFile
  from pyarrow.lib import NativeFile
  from cudf.utils.docutils import docfmt_partial
label_desc: Use image node_id 21 for calling a global function with example usage: _fsspec_data_transfer(path_or_fob, fs, file_size, bytes_per_thread, max_gap, mode) and returns: buf, path_or_fob, fs, path_or_fob