code: def _count_by(data: Any, key: str) -> Dict[str, int]:
      """
      Count the number of items by the given keys.
      Args:
          data: the data to be counted
          keys: the keys to count by
      Returns:
          counts: the counts
      """
      counts = defaultdict(int)
      for item in data:
          key_name = getattr(item, key)
          counts[key_name] += 1
      return counts
  
imports: from collections import Counter, defaultdict
  from copy import deepcopy
  from datetime import datetime
  from itertools import chain
  from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
  import ray
  from ray._private.ray_constants import AUTOSCALER_NAMESPACE, AUTOSCALER_V2_ENABLED_KEY
  from ray._private.utils import binary_to_hex
  from ray.autoscaler._private.autoscaler import AutoscalerSummary
  from ray.autoscaler._private.node_provider_availability_tracker import NodeAvailabilityRecord, NodeAvailabilitySummary, UnavailableNodeInformation
  from ray.autoscaler._private.util import LoadMetricsSummary, format_info_string
  from ray.autoscaler.v2.schema import NODE_DEATH_CAUSE_RAYLET_DIED, ClusterConstraintDemand, ClusterStatus, LaunchRequest, NodeInfo, NodeUsage, PlacementGroupResourceDemand, RayTaskActorDemand, ResourceDemand, ResourceDemandSummary, ResourceRequestByCount, ResourceUsage, Stats
  from ray.core.generated.autoscaler_pb2 import AutoscalingState, ClusterResourceState, GetClusterStatusReply, NodeState, NodeStatus, ResourceRequest
  from ray.core.generated.autoscaler_pb2 import ResourceRequestByCount
  from ray.core.generated.instance_manager_pb2 import Instance
  from ray.experimental.internal_kv import _internal_kv_get, _internal_kv_initialized
label_desc: Use image node_id 1 for calling a global function with example usage: _count_by(data, key) and returns: counts