code: def buffer(
      geometry,
      distance,
      quad_segs=8,
      cap_style="round",
      join_style="round",
      mitre_limit=5.0,
      single_sided=False,
      **kwargs,
  ):
      """
      Computes the buffer of a geometry for positive and negative buffer distance.
  
      The buffer of a geometry is defined as the Minkowski sum (or difference,
      for negative distance) of the geometry with a circle with radius equal
      to the absolute value of the buffer distance.
  
      The buffer operation always returns a polygonal result. The negative
      or zero-distance buffer of lines and points is always empty.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      geometry : Geometry or array_like
      distance : float or array_like
          Specifies the circle radius in the Minkowski sum (or difference).
      quad_segs : int, default 8
          Specifies the number of linear segments in a quarter circle in the
          approximation of circular arcs.
      cap_style : shapely.BufferCapStyle or {'round', 'square', 'flat'}, default 'round'
          Specifies the shape of buffered line endings. BufferCapStyle.round ('round')
          results in circular line endings (see ``quad_segs``). Both BufferCapStyle.square
          ('square') and BufferCapStyle.flat ('flat') result in rectangular line endings,
          only BufferCapStyle.flat ('flat') will end at the original vertex,
          while BufferCapStyle.square ('square') involves adding the buffer width.
      join_style : shapely.BufferJoinStyle or {'round', 'mitre', 'bevel'}, default 'round'
          Specifies the shape of buffered line midpoints. BufferJoinStyle.round ('round')
          results in rounded shapes. BufferJoinStyle.bevel ('bevel') results in a beveled
          edge that touches the original vertex. BufferJoinStyle.mitre ('mitre') results
          in a single vertex that is beveled depending on the ``mitre_limit`` parameter.
      mitre_limit : float, default 5.0
          Crops of 'mitre'-style joins if the point is displaced from the
          buffered vertex by more than this limit.
      single_sided : bool, default False
          Only buffer at one side of the geometry.
      **kwargs
          See :ref:`NumPy ufunc docs <ufuncs.kwargs>` for other keyword arguments.
  
      Examples
      --------
      >>> from shapely import LineString, Point, Polygon, BufferCapStyle, BufferJoinStyle
      >>> buffer(Point(10, 10), 2, quad_segs=1)
      <POLYGON ((12 10, 10 8, 8 10, 10 12, 12 10))>
      >>> buffer(Point(10, 10), 2, quad_segs=2)
      <POLYGON ((12 10, 11.414 8.586, 10 8, 8.586 8.586, 8 10, 8.5...>
      >>> buffer(Point(10, 10), -2, quad_segs=1)
      <POLYGON EMPTY>
      >>> line = LineString([(10, 10), (20, 10)])
      >>> buffer(line, 2, cap_style="square")
      <POLYGON ((20 12, 22 12, 22 8, 10 8, 8 8, 8 12, 20 12))>
      >>> buffer(line, 2, cap_style="flat")
      <POLYGON ((20 12, 20 8, 10 8, 10 12, 20 12))>
      >>> buffer(line, 2, single_sided=True, cap_style="flat")
      <POLYGON ((20 10, 10 10, 10 12, 20 12, 20 10))>
      >>> line2 = LineString([(10, 10), (20, 10), (20, 20)])
      >>> buffer(line2, 2, cap_style="flat", join_style="bevel")
      <POLYGON ((18 12, 18 20, 22 20, 22 10, 20 8, 10 8, 10 12, 18 12))>
      >>> buffer(line2, 2, cap_style="flat", join_style="mitre")
      <POLYGON ((18 12, 18 20, 22 20, 22 8, 10 8, 10 12, 18 12))>
      >>> buffer(line2, 2, cap_style="flat", join_style="mitre", mitre_limit=1)
      <POLYGON ((18 12, 18 20, 22 20, 22 9.172, 20.828 8, 10 8, 10 12, 18 12))>
      >>> square = Polygon([(0, 0), (10, 0), (10, 10), (0, 10), (0, 0)])
      >>> buffer(square, 2, join_style="mitre")
      <POLYGON ((-2 -2, -2 12, 12 12, 12 -2, -2 -2))>
      >>> buffer(square, -2, join_style="mitre")
      <POLYGON ((2 2, 2 8, 8 8, 8 2, 2 2))>
      >>> buffer(square, -5, join_style="mitre")
      <POLYGON EMPTY>
      >>> buffer(line, float("nan")) is None
      True
      """
      if isinstance(cap_style, str):
          cap_style = BufferCapStyle.get_value(cap_style)
      if isinstance(join_style, str):
          join_style = BufferJoinStyle.get_value(join_style)
      if not np.isscalar(quad_segs):
          raise TypeError("quad_segs only accepts scalar values")
      if not np.isscalar(cap_style):
          raise TypeError("cap_style only accepts scalar values")
      if not np.isscalar(join_style):
          raise TypeError("join_style only accepts scalar values")
      if not np.isscalar(mitre_limit):
          raise TypeError("mitre_limit only accepts scalar values")
      if not np.isscalar(single_sided):
          raise TypeError("single_sided only accepts scalar values")
      return lib.buffer(
          geometry,
          distance,
          np.intc(quad_segs),
          np.intc(cap_style),
          np.intc(join_style),
          mitre_limit,
          np.bool_(single_sided),
          **kwargs,
      )
  
imports: import numpy
  from shapely import lib
  from shapely._enum import ParamEnum
  from shapely.algorithms._oriented_envelope import _oriented_envelope_min_area
  from shapely.decorators import multithreading_enabled, requires_geos
label_desc: Use image node_id 2 for calling a global function with example usage: buffer(geometry, distance, quad_segs, cap_style, join_style, mitre_limit, single_sided) and returns: lib