code: def main():
      args = parse_args()
      logging_dir = os.path.join(args.output_dir, args.logging_dir)
      accelerator_project_config = ProjectConfiguration(
          total_limit=args.checkpoints_total_limit,
          project_dir=args.output_dir,
          logging_dir=logging_dir,
      )
      accelerator = Accelerator(
          gradient_accumulation_steps=args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
          mixed_precision=args.mixed_precision,
          log_with=args.report_to,
          project_config=accelerator_project_config,
      )
  
      # Make one log on every process with the configuration for debugging.
      logging.basicConfig(
          format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(message)s",
          datefmt="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S",
          level=logging.INFO,
      )
      logger.info(accelerator.state, main_process_only=False)
      if accelerator.is_local_main_process:
          datasets.utils.logging.set_verbosity_warning()
          transformers.utils.logging.set_verbosity_warning()
          set_verbosity_info()
      else:
          datasets.utils.logging.set_verbosity_error()
          transformers.utils.logging.set_verbosity_error()
          set_verbosity_error()
  
      # If passed along, set the training seed now.
      if args.seed is not None:
          set_seed(args.seed)
  
      # Handle the repository creation
      if accelerator.is_main_process:
          if args.output_dir is not None:
              os.makedirs(args.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
  
          if args.push_to_hub:
              repo_id = create_repo(
                  repo_id=args.hub_model_id
                  or Path(args.output_dir).name,
                  exist_ok=True,
                  token=args.hub_token,
              ).repo_id
  
      # Load scheduler, effnet, tokenizer, clip_model
      noise_scheduler = DDPMWuerstchenScheduler()
      tokenizer = PreTrainedTokenizerFast.from_pretrained(
          args.pretrained_prior_model_name_or_path,
          subfolder="tokenizer",
      )
  
      def deepspeed_zero_init_disabled_context_manager():
          """
          returns either a context list that includes one that will disable zero.Init or an empty context list
          """
          deepspeed_plugin = (
              AcceleratorState().deepspeed_plugin
              if is_initialized()
              else None
          )
          if deepspeed_plugin is None:
              return []
  
          return [
              deepspeed_plugin.zero3_init_context_manager(enable=False)
          ]
  
      weight_dtype = torch.float32
      if accelerator.mixed_precision == "fp16":
          weight_dtype = torch.float16
      elif accelerator.mixed_precision == "bf16":
          weight_dtype = torch.bfloat16
      with ContextManagers(
          deepspeed_zero_init_disabled_context_manager()
      ):
          pretrained_checkpoint_file = hf_hub_download(
              "dome272/wuerstchen", filename="model_v2_stage_b.pt"
          )
          state_dict = torch.load(
              pretrained_checkpoint_file, map_location="cpu"
          )
          image_encoder = EfficientNetEncoder()
          image_encoder.load_state_dict(state_dict["effnet_state_dict"])
          image_encoder.eval()
  
          text_encoder = CLIPTextModel.from_pretrained(
              args.pretrained_prior_model_name_or_path,
              subfolder="text_encoder",
              torch_dtype=weight_dtype,
          ).eval()
  
      # Freeze text_encoder, cast to weight_dtype and image_encoder and move to device
      text_encoder.requires_grad_(False)
      image_encoder.requires_grad_(False)
      image_encoder.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
      text_encoder.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
  
      # load prior model, cast to weight_dtype and move to device
      prior = WuerstchenPrior.from_pretrained(
          args.pretrained_prior_model_name_or_path, subfolder="prior"
      )
      prior.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
  
      # lora attn processor
      prior_lora_config = LoraConfig(
          r=args.rank,
          lora_alpha=args.rank,
          target_modules=[
              "to_k",
              "to_q",
              "to_v",
              "to_out.0",
              "add_k_proj",
              "add_v_proj",
          ],
      )
      # Add adapter and make sure the trainable params are in float32.
      prior.add_adapter(prior_lora_config)
      if args.mixed_precision == "fp16":
          for param in prior.parameters():
              # only upcast trainable parameters (LoRA) into fp32
              if param.requires_grad:
                  param.data = param.to(torch.float32)
  
      # create custom saving & loading hooks so that `accelerator.save_state(...)` serializes in a nice format
      def save_model_hook(models, weights, output_dir):
          if accelerator.is_main_process:
              prior_lora_layers_to_save = None
  
              for model in models:
                  if isinstance(
                      model, type(accelerator.unwrap_model(prior))
                  ):
                      prior_lora_layers_to_save = (
                          get_peft_model_state_dict(model)
                      )
                  else:
                      raise ValueError(
                          f"unexpected save model: {model.__class__}"
                      )
  
                  # make sure to pop weight so that corresponding model is not saved again
                  weights.pop()
  
              WuerstchenPriorPipeline.save_lora_weights(
                  output_dir,
                  unet_lora_layers=prior_lora_layers_to_save,
              )
  
      def load_model_hook(models, input_dir):
          prior_ = None
  
          while len(models) > 0:
              model = models.pop()
  
              if isinstance(
                  model, type(accelerator.unwrap_model(prior))
              ):
                  prior_ = model
              else:
                  raise ValueError(
                      f"unexpected save model: {model.__class__}"
                  )
  
          (
              lora_state_dict,
              network_alphas,
          ) = WuerstchenPriorPipeline.lora_state_dict(input_dir)
          WuerstchenPriorPipeline.load_lora_into_unet(
              lora_state_dict,
              network_alphas=network_alphas,
              unet=prior_,
          )
          WuerstchenPriorPipeline.load_lora_into_text_encoder(
              lora_state_dict,
              network_alphas=network_alphas,
          )
  
      accelerator.register_save_state_pre_hook(save_model_hook)
      accelerator.register_load_state_pre_hook(load_model_hook)
  
      if args.allow_tf32:
          torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True
  
      if args.use_8bit_adam:
          try:
              import bitsandbytes as bnb
          except ImportError:
              raise ImportError(
                  "Please install bitsandbytes to use 8-bit Adam. You can do so by running `pip install bitsandbytes`"
              )
  
          optimizer_cls = bnb.optim.AdamW8bit
      else:
          optimizer_cls = torch.optim.AdamW
      params_to_optimize = list(
          filter(lambda p: p.requires_grad, prior.parameters())
      )
      optimizer = optimizer_cls(
          params_to_optimize,
          lr=args.learning_rate,
          betas=(args.adam_beta1, args.adam_beta2),
          weight_decay=args.adam_weight_decay,
          eps=args.adam_epsilon,
      )
  
      # Get the datasets: you can either provide your own training and evaluation files (see below)
      # or specify a Dataset from the hub (the dataset will be downloaded automatically from the datasets Hub).
  
      # In distributed training, the load_dataset function guarantees that only one local process can concurrently
      # download the dataset.
      if args.dataset_name is not None:
          # Downloading and loading a dataset from the hub.
          dataset = load_dataset(
              args.dataset_name,
              args.dataset_config_name,
              cache_dir=args.cache_dir,
          )
      else:
          data_files = {}
          if args.train_data_dir is not None:
              data_files["train"] = os.path.join(
                  args.train_data_dir, "**"
              )
          dataset = load_dataset(
              "imagefolder",
              data_files=data_files,
              cache_dir=args.cache_dir,
          )
          # See more about loading custom images at
          # https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/v2.4.0/en/image_load#imagefolder
  
      # Preprocessing the datasets.
      # We need to tokenize inputs and targets.
      column_names = dataset["train"].column_names
  
      # Get the column names for input/target.
      dataset_columns = DATASET_NAME_MAPPING.get(
          args.dataset_name, None
      )
      if args.image_column is None:
          image_column = (
              dataset_columns[0]
              if dataset_columns is not None
              else column_names[0]
          )
      else:
          image_column = args.image_column
          if image_column not in column_names:
              raise ValueError(
                  f"--image_column' value '{args.image_column}' needs to be one of: {', '.join(column_names)}"
              )
      if args.caption_column is None:
          caption_column = (
              dataset_columns[1]
              if dataset_columns is not None
              else column_names[1]
          )
      else:
          caption_column = args.caption_column
          if caption_column not in column_names:
              raise ValueError(
                  f"--caption_column' value '{args.caption_column}' needs to be one of: {', '.join(column_names)}"
              )
  
      # Preprocessing the datasets.
      # We need to tokenize input captions and transform the images
      def tokenize_captions(examples, is_train=True):
          captions = []
          for caption in examples[caption_column]:
              if isinstance(caption, str):
                  captions.append(caption)
              elif isinstance(caption, (list, np.ndarray)):
                  # take a random caption if there are multiple
                  captions.append(
                      random.choice(caption) if is_train else caption[0]
                  )
              else:
                  raise ValueError(
                      f"Caption column `{caption_column}` should contain either strings or lists of strings."
                  )
          inputs = tokenizer(
              captions,
              max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length,
              padding="max_length",
              truncation=True,
              return_tensors="pt",
          )
          text_input_ids = inputs.input_ids
          text_mask = inputs.attention_mask.bool()
          return text_input_ids, text_mask
  
      effnet_transforms = transforms.Compose(
          [
              transforms.Resize(
                  args.resolution,
                  interpolation=transforms.InterpolationMode.BILINEAR,
                  antialias=True,
              ),
              transforms.CenterCrop(args.resolution),
              transforms.ToTensor(),
              transforms.Normalize(
                  mean=(0.485, 0.456, 0.406), std=(0.229, 0.224, 0.225)
              ),
          ]
      )
  
      def preprocess_train(examples):
          images = [
              image.convert("RGB") for image in examples[image_column]
          ]
          examples["effnet_pixel_values"] = [
              effnet_transforms(image) for image in images
          ]
          (
              examples["text_input_ids"],
              examples["text_mask"],
          ) = tokenize_captions(examples)
          return examples
  
      with accelerator.main_process_first():
          if args.max_train_samples is not None:
              dataset["train"] = (
                  dataset["train"]
                  .shuffle(seed=args.seed)
                  .select(range(args.max_train_samples))
              )
          # Set the training transforms
          train_dataset = dataset["train"].with_transform(
              preprocess_train
          )
  
      def collate_fn(examples):
          effnet_pixel_values = torch.stack(
              [example["effnet_pixel_values"] for example in examples]
          )
          effnet_pixel_values = effnet_pixel_values.to(
              memory_format=torch.contiguous_format
          ).float()
          text_input_ids = torch.stack(
              [example["text_input_ids"] for example in examples]
          )
          text_mask = torch.stack(
              [example["text_mask"] for example in examples]
          )
          return {
              "effnet_pixel_values": effnet_pixel_values,
              "text_input_ids": text_input_ids,
              "text_mask": text_mask,
          }
  
      # DataLoaders creation:
      train_dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
          train_dataset,
          shuffle=True,
          collate_fn=collate_fn,
          batch_size=args.train_batch_size,
          num_workers=args.dataloader_num_workers,
      )
  
      # Scheduler and math around the number of training steps.
      overrode_max_train_steps = False
      num_update_steps_per_epoch = math.ceil(
          len(train_dataloader) / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
      )
      if args.max_train_steps is None:
          args.max_train_steps = (
              args.num_train_epochs * num_update_steps_per_epoch
          )
          overrode_max_train_steps = True
  
      lr_scheduler = get_scheduler(
          args.lr_scheduler,
          optimizer=optimizer,
          num_warmup_steps=args.lr_warmup_steps
          * args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
          num_training_steps=args.max_train_steps
          * args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
      )
  
      (
          prior,
          optimizer,
          train_dataloader,
          lr_scheduler,
      ) = accelerator.prepare(
          prior, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler
      )
  
      # We need to recalculate our total training steps as the size of the training dataloader may have changed.
      num_update_steps_per_epoch = math.ceil(
          len(train_dataloader) / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
      )
      if overrode_max_train_steps:
          args.max_train_steps = (
              args.num_train_epochs * num_update_steps_per_epoch
          )
      # Afterwards we recalculate our number of training epochs
      args.num_train_epochs = math.ceil(
          args.max_train_steps / num_update_steps_per_epoch
      )
  
      # We need to initialize the trackers we use, and also store our configuration.
      # The trackers initializes automatically on the main process.
      if accelerator.is_main_process:
          tracker_config = dict(vars(args))
          tracker_config.pop("validation_prompts")
          accelerator.init_trackers(
              args.tracker_project_name, tracker_config
          )
  
      # Train!
      total_batch_size = (
          args.train_batch_size
          * accelerator.num_processes
          * args.gradient_accumulation_steps
      )
  
      logger.info("***** Running training *****")
      logger.info(f"  Num examples = {len(train_dataset)}")
      logger.info(f"  Num Epochs = {args.num_train_epochs}")
      logger.info(
          f"  Instantaneous batch size per device = {args.train_batch_size}"
      )
      logger.info(
          f"  Total train batch size (w. parallel, distributed & accumulation) = {total_batch_size}"
      )
      logger.info(
          f"  Gradient Accumulation steps = {args.gradient_accumulation_steps}"
      )
      logger.info(
          f"  Total optimization steps = {args.max_train_steps}"
      )
      global_step = 0
      first_epoch = 0
  
      # Potentially load in the weights and states from a previous save
      if args.resume_from_checkpoint:
          if args.resume_from_checkpoint != "latest":
              path = os.path.basename(args.resume_from_checkpoint)
          else:
              # Get the most recent checkpoint
              dirs = os.listdir(args.output_dir)
              dirs = [d for d in dirs if d.startswith("checkpoint")]
              dirs = sorted(dirs, key=lambda x: int(x.split("-")[1]))
              path = dirs[-1] if len(dirs) > 0 else None
  
          if path is None:
              accelerator.print(
                  f"Checkpoint '{args.resume_from_checkpoint}' does not exist. Starting a new training run."
              )
              args.resume_from_checkpoint = None
          else:
              accelerator.print(f"Resuming from checkpoint {path}")
              accelerator.load_state(
                  os.path.join(args.output_dir, path)
              )
              global_step = int(path.split("-")[1])
  
              resume_global_step = (
                  global_step * args.gradient_accumulation_steps
              )
              first_epoch = global_step // num_update_steps_per_epoch
              resume_step = resume_global_step % (
                  num_update_steps_per_epoch
                  * args.gradient_accumulation_steps
              )
  
      # Only show the progress bar once on each machine.
      progress_bar = tqdm(
          range(global_step, args.max_train_steps),
          disable=not accelerator.is_local_main_process,
      )
      progress_bar.set_description("Steps")
  
      for epoch in range(first_epoch, args.num_train_epochs):
          prior.train()
          train_loss = 0.0
          for step, batch in enumerate(train_dataloader):
              # Skip steps until we reach the resumed step
              if (
                  args.resume_from_checkpoint
                  and epoch == first_epoch
                  and step < resume_step
              ):
                  if step % args.gradient_accumulation_steps == 0:
                      progress_bar.update(1)
                  continue
  
              with accelerator.accumulate(prior):
                  # Convert images to latent space
                  text_input_ids, text_mask, effnet_images = (
                      batch["text_input_ids"],
                      batch["text_mask"],
                      batch["effnet_pixel_values"].to(weight_dtype),
                  )
  
                  with torch.no_grad():
                      text_encoder_output = text_encoder(
                          text_input_ids, attention_mask=text_mask
                      )
                      prompt_embeds = (
                          text_encoder_output.last_hidden_state
                      )
                      image_embeds = image_encoder(effnet_images)
                      # scale
                      image_embeds = image_embeds.add(1.0).div(42.0)
  
                      # Sample noise that we'll add to the image_embeds
                      noise = torch.randn_like(image_embeds)
                      bsz = image_embeds.shape[0]
  
                      # Sample a random timestep for each image
                      timesteps = torch.rand(
                          (bsz,),
                          device=image_embeds.device,
                          dtype=weight_dtype,
                      )
  
                      # add noise to latent
                      noisy_latents = noise_scheduler.add_noise(
                          image_embeds, noise, timesteps
                      )
  
                  # Predict the noise residual and compute losscd
                  pred_noise = prior(
                      noisy_latents, timesteps, prompt_embeds
                  )
  
                  # vanilla loss
                  loss = F.mse_loss(
                      pred_noise.float(),
                      noise.float(),
                      reduction="mean",
                  )
  
                  # Gather the losses across all processes for logging (if we use distributed training).
                  avg_loss = accelerator.gather(
                      loss.repeat(args.train_batch_size)
                  ).mean()
                  train_loss += (
                      avg_loss.item() / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
                  )
  
                  # Backpropagate
                  accelerator.backward(loss)
                  if accelerator.sync_gradients:
                      accelerator.clip_grad_norm_(
                          params_to_optimize, args.max_grad_norm
                      )
                  optimizer.step()
                  lr_scheduler.step()
                  optimizer.zero_grad()
  
              # Checks if the accelerator has performed an optimization step behind the scenes
              if accelerator.sync_gradients:
                  progress_bar.update(1)
                  global_step += 1
                  accelerator.log(
                      {"train_loss": train_loss}, step=global_step
                  )
                  train_loss = 0.0
  
                  if global_step % args.checkpointing_steps == 0:
                      if accelerator.is_main_process:
                          # _before_ saving state, check if this save would set us over the `checkpoints_total_limit`
                          if args.checkpoints_total_limit is not None:
                              checkpoints = os.listdir(args.output_dir)
                              checkpoints = [
                                  d
                                  for d in checkpoints
                                  if d.startswith("checkpoint")
                              ]
                              checkpoints = sorted(
                                  checkpoints,
                                  key=lambda x: int(x.split("-")[1]),
                              )
  
                              # before we save the new checkpoint, we need to have at _most_ `checkpoints_total_limit - 1` checkpoints
                              if (
                                  len(checkpoints)
                                  >= args.checkpoints_total_limit
                              ):
                                  num_to_remove = (
                                      len(checkpoints)
                                      - args.checkpoints_total_limit
                                      + 1
                                  )
                                  removing_checkpoints = checkpoints[
                                      0:num_to_remove
                                  ]
  
                                  logger.info(
                                      f"{len(checkpoints)} checkpoints already exist, removing {len(removing_checkpoints)} checkpoints"
                                  )
                                  logger.info(
                                      f"removing checkpoints: {', '.join(removing_checkpoints)}"
                                  )
  
                                  for (
                                      removing_checkpoint
                                  ) in removing_checkpoints:
                                      removing_checkpoint = (
                                          os.path.join(
                                              args.output_dir,
                                              removing_checkpoint,
                                          )
                                      )
                                      shutil.rmtree(removing_checkpoint)
  
                          save_path = os.path.join(
                              args.output_dir,
                              f"checkpoint-{global_step}",
                          )
                          accelerator.save_state(save_path)
                          logger.info(f"Saved state to {save_path}")
  
              logs = {
                  "step_loss": loss.detach().item(),
                  "lr": lr_scheduler.get_last_lr()[0],
              }
              progress_bar.set_postfix(**logs)
  
              if global_step >= args.max_train_steps:
                  break
  
          if accelerator.is_main_process:
              if (
                  args.validation_prompts is not None
                  and epoch % args.validation_epochs == 0
              ):
                  log_validation(
                      text_encoder,
                      tokenizer,
                      prior,
                      args,
                      accelerator,
                      weight_dtype,
                      global_step,
                  )
  
      # Create the pipeline using the trained modules and save it.
      accelerator.wait_for_everyone()
      if accelerator.is_main_process:
          prior = accelerator.unwrap_model(prior)
          prior = prior.to(torch.float32)
  
          prior_lora_state_dict = get_peft_model_state_dict(prior)
  
          WuerstchenPriorPipeline.save_lora_weights(
              save_directory=args.output_dir,
              unet_lora_layers=prior_lora_state_dict,
          )
  
          # Run a final round of inference.
          images = []
          if args.validation_prompts is not None:
              logger.info(
                  "Running inference for collecting generated images..."
              )
              pipeline = AutoPipelineForText2Image.from_pretrained(
                  args.pretrained_decoder_model_name_or_path,
                  prior_text_encoder=accelerator.unwrap_model(
                      text_encoder
                  ),
                  prior_tokenizer=tokenizer,
                  torch_dtype=weight_dtype,
              )
              pipeline = pipeline.to(accelerator.device)
  
              # load lora weights
              pipeline.prior_pipe.load_lora_weights(
                  args.output_dir,
                  weight_name="pytorch_lora_weights.safetensors",
              )
              pipeline.set_progress_bar_config(disable=True)
  
              if args.seed is None:
                  generator = None
              else:
                  generator = torch.Generator(
                      device=accelerator.device
                  ).manual_seed(args.seed)
  
              for i in range(len(args.validation_prompts)):
                  with torch.cuda.amp.autocast():
                      image = pipeline(
                          args.validation_prompts[i],
                          prior_timesteps=DEFAULT_STAGE_C_TIMESTEPS,
                          generator=generator,
                          width=args.resolution,
                          height=args.resolution,
                      ).images[0]
                  images.append(image)
  
          if args.push_to_hub:
              save_model_card(
                  args, repo_id, images, repo_folder=args.output_dir
              )
              upload_folder(
                  repo_id=repo_id,
                  folder_path=args.output_dir,
                  commit_message="End of training",
                  ignore_patterns=["step_*", "epoch_*"],
              )
  
      accelerator.end_training()
  
imports: import argparse
  import logging
  import math
  import os
  import random
  import shutil
  from pathlib import Path
  import datasets
  import numpy
  import torch
  import torch.nn.functional
  import transformers
  from accelerate import Accelerator
  from accelerate.logging import get_logger
  from accelerate.state import AcceleratorState, is_initialized
  from accelerate.utils import ProjectConfiguration, set_seed
  from datasets import load_dataset
  from huggingface_hub import create_repo, hf_hub_download, upload_folder
  from modeling_efficient_net_encoder import EfficientNetEncoder
  from peft import LoraConfig
  from peft.utils import get_peft_model_state_dict
  from torchvision import transforms
  from tqdm import tqdm
  from transformers import CLIPTextModel, PreTrainedTokenizerFast
  from transformers.utils import ContextManagers
  from diffusers import AutoPipelineForText2Image, DDPMWuerstchenScheduler, WuerstchenPriorPipeline
  from diffusers.optimization import get_scheduler
  from diffusers.pipelines.wuerstchen import DEFAULT_STAGE_C_TIMESTEPS, WuerstchenPrior
  from diffusers.utils import check_min_version, is_wandb_available, make_image_grid
  from diffusers.utils.logging import set_verbosity_error, set_verbosity_info
label_desc: Use image node_id 4 for calling a global function with example usage: main() and returns: list, text_input_ids,  text_mask, examples, dict, list