class_docstr: Generalized Focal Loss: Learning Qualified and Distributed Bounding
  Boxes for Dense Object Detection.
  
  GFL head structure is similar with ATSS, however GFL uses
  1) joint representation for classification and localization quality, and
  2) flexible General distribution for bounding box locations,
  which are supervised by
  Quality Focal Loss (QFL) and Distribution Focal Loss (DFL), respectively
  
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04388
  
  Args:
      num_classes (int): Number of categories excluding the background
          category.
      in_channels (int): Number of channels in the input feature map.
      stacked_convs (int): Number of conv layers in cls and reg tower.
          Defaults to 4.
      conv_cfg (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict, optional): dictionary to construct
          and config conv layer. Defaults to None.
      norm_cfg (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict): dictionary to construct and
          config norm layer. Default: dict(type='GN', num_groups=32,
          requires_grad=True).
      loss_qfl (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict): Config of Quality Focal Loss
          (QFL).
      bbox_coder (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict): Config of bbox coder. Defaults
           to 'DistancePointBBoxCoder'.
      reg_max (int): Max value of integral set :math: ``{0, ..., reg_max}``
          in QFL setting. Defaults to 16.
      init_cfg (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict or list[dict] or
          list[:obj:`ConfigDict`]): Initialization config dict.
  Example:
      >>> self = GFLHead(11, 7)
      >>> feats = [torch.rand(1, 7, s, s) for s in [4, 8, 16, 32, 64]]
      >>> cls_quality_score, bbox_pred = self.forward(feats)
      >>> assert len(cls_quality_score) == len(self.scales)
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docstr: Calculate the loss based on the features extracted by the detection
  head.
  
  Args:
      cls_scores (list[Tensor]): Cls and quality scores for each scale
          level has shape (N, num_classes, H, W).
      bbox_preds (list[Tensor]): Box distribution logits for each scale
          level with shape (N, 4*(n+1), H, W), n is max value of integral
          set.
      batch_gt_instances (list[:obj:`InstanceData`]): Batch of
          gt_instance.  It usually includes ``bboxes`` and ``labels``
          attributes.
      batch_img_metas (list[dict]): Meta information of each image, e.g.,
          image size, scaling factor, etc.
      batch_gt_instances_ignore (list[:obj:`InstanceData`], Optional):
          Batch of gt_instances_ignore. It includes ``bboxes`` attribute
          data that is ignored during training and testing.
          Defaults to None.
  
  Returns:
      dict[str, Tensor]: A dictionary of loss components.
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code: def loss_by_feat(
      self,
      cls_scores: List[Tensor],
      bbox_preds: List[Tensor],
      batch_gt_instances: InstanceList,
      batch_img_metas: List[dict],
      batch_gt_instances_ignore: OptInstanceList = None,
  ) -> dict:
      """Calculate the loss based on the features extracted by the detection
      head.
  
      Args:
          cls_scores (list[Tensor]): Cls and quality scores for each scale
              level has shape (N, num_classes, H, W).
          bbox_preds (list[Tensor]): Box distribution logits for each scale
              level with shape (N, 4*(n+1), H, W), n is max value of integral
              set.
          batch_gt_instances (list[:obj:`InstanceData`]): Batch of
              gt_instance.  It usually includes ``bboxes`` and ``labels``
              attributes.
          batch_img_metas (list[dict]): Meta information of each image, e.g.,
              image size, scaling factor, etc.
          batch_gt_instances_ignore (list[:obj:`InstanceData`], Optional):
              Batch of gt_instances_ignore. It includes ``bboxes`` attribute
              data that is ignored during training and testing.
              Defaults to None.
  
      Returns:
          dict[str, Tensor]: A dictionary of loss components.
      """
  
      featmap_sizes = [featmap.size()[-2:] for featmap in cls_scores]
      assert len(featmap_sizes) == self.prior_generator.num_levels
  
      device = cls_scores[0].device
      anchor_list, valid_flag_list = self.get_anchors(
          featmap_sizes, batch_img_metas, device=device
      )
  
      cls_reg_targets = self.get_targets(
          anchor_list,
          valid_flag_list,
          batch_gt_instances,
          batch_img_metas,
          batch_gt_instances_ignore=batch_gt_instances_ignore,
      )
  
      (
          anchor_list,
          labels_list,
          label_weights_list,
          bbox_targets_list,
          bbox_weights_list,
          avg_factor,
      ) = cls_reg_targets
  
      avg_factor = reduce_mean(
          torch.tensor(avg_factor, dtype=torch.float, device=device)
      ).item()
  
      losses_cls, losses_bbox, losses_dfl, avg_factor = multi_apply(
          self.loss_by_feat_single,
          anchor_list,
          cls_scores,
          bbox_preds,
          labels_list,
          label_weights_list,
          bbox_targets_list,
          self.prior_generator.strides,
          avg_factor=avg_factor,
      )
  
      avg_factor = sum(avg_factor)
      avg_factor = reduce_mean(avg_factor).clamp_(min=1).item()
      losses_bbox = list(map(lambda x: x / avg_factor, losses_bbox))
      losses_dfl = list(map(lambda x: x / avg_factor, losses_dfl))
      return dict(
          loss_cls=losses_cls,
          loss_bbox=losses_bbox,
          loss_dfl=losses_dfl,
      )
  
imports: from typing import List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
  import torch
  import torch.nn
  import torch.nn.functional
  from mmcv.cnn import ConvModule, Scale
  from mmengine.config import ConfigDict
  from mmengine.structures import InstanceData
  from torch import Tensor
  from mmdet.registry import MODELS, TASK_UTILS
  from mmdet.structures.bbox import bbox_overlaps
  from mmdet.utils import ConfigType, InstanceList, MultiConfig, OptConfigType, OptInstanceList, reduce_mean
  from ..task_modules.prior_generators import anchor_inside_flags
  from ..task_modules.samplers import PseudoSampler
  from ..utils import filter_scores_and_topk, images_to_levels, multi_apply, unmap
  from .anchor_head import AnchorHead
label_desc: Use image node_id 7 for calling the GFLHead obj's underlying member method code with example usage: obj.loss_by_feat(cls_scores, bbox_preds, batch_gt_instances, batch_img_metas, batch_gt_instances_ignore) and returns: dict