code: def test_syncer_wait_or_retry_timeout(temp_data_dirs, tmp_path):
      """Check that the wait or retry API raises a timeout error after `sync_timeout`."""
      tmp_source, tmp_target = temp_data_dirs
  
      def slow_upload(*args, **kwargs):
          time.sleep(5)
  
      class HangingSyncer(_FilesystemSyncer):
          def _sync_up_command(
              self,
              local_path: str,
              uri: str,
              exclude: Optional[List] = None,
          ):
              return (
                  slow_upload,
                  dict(local_path=local_path, uri=uri, exclude=exclude),
              )
  
      syncer = HangingSyncer(
          storage_filesystem=_create_mock_custom_fs(tmp_path),
          sync_period=60,
          sync_timeout=0.1,
      )
  
      syncer.sync_up(local_dir=tmp_source, remote_dir="/test/timeout")
      with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as e:
          syncer.wait_or_retry(max_retries=3, backoff_s=0)
          assert "Failed sync even after 3 retries." in str(e.value)
          assert isinstance(e.value.__cause__, TimeoutError)
  
imports: import logging
  import os
  import time
  from typing import List, Optional
  from freezegun import freeze_time
  import pytest
  import ray
  import ray.cloudpickle
  from ray.train._internal.storage import _upload_to_fs_path, _download_from_fs_path, get_fs_and_path, _FilesystemSyncer
  from ray.train._internal.syncer import _BackgroundProcess
  from ray.train.tests.test_new_persistence import _create_mock_custom_fs
label_desc: Use image node_id 16 for calling a global function with example usage: test_syncer_wait_or_retry_timeout(temp_data_dirs, tmp_path) and returns: slow_upload,  dict