code: def ediff1d(arr, to_end=None, to_begin=None):
      """
      Calculates the difference between consecutive elements of an array.
  
      Args:
          arr (cupy.ndarray): Input array.
          to_end (cupy.ndarray, optional): Numbers to append at the end
              of the returend differences.
          to_begin (cupy.ndarray, optional): Numbers to prepend at the
              beginning of the returned differences.
  
      Returns:
          cupy.ndarray: New array consisting differences among succeeding
          elements.
  
      .. seealso:: :func:`numpy.ediff1d`
      """
      if not isinstance(arr, cupy.ndarray):
          raise TypeError("`arr` should be of type cupy.ndarray")
  
      # to flattened array.
      arr = arr.ravel()
  
      # to ensure the dtype of the output array is same as that of input.
      dtype_req = arr.dtype
  
      # if none optional cases are given
      if to_begin is None and to_end is None:
          return arr[1:] - arr[:-1]
  
      if to_begin is None:
          l_begin = 0
      else:
          if not isinstance(to_begin, cupy.ndarray):
              raise TypeError(
                  "`to_begin` should be of type cupy.ndarray"
              )
          if not cupy.can_cast(
              to_begin, dtype_req, casting="same_kind"
          ):
              raise TypeError(
                  "dtype of `to_begin` must be compatible "
                  "with input `arr` under the `same_kind` rule."
              )
  
          to_begin = to_begin.ravel()
          l_begin = len(to_begin)
  
      if to_end is None:
          l_end = 0
      else:
          if not isinstance(to_end, cupy.ndarray):
              raise TypeError("`to_end` should be of type cupy.ndarray")
          if not cupy.can_cast(to_end, dtype_req, casting="same_kind"):
              raise TypeError(
                  "dtype of `to_end` must be compatible "
                  "with input `arr` under the `same_kind` rule."
              )
  
          to_end = to_end.ravel()
          l_end = len(to_end)
  
      # calulating using in place operation
      l_diff = max(len(arr) - 1, 0)
      result = cupy.empty(l_diff + l_begin + l_end, dtype=arr.dtype)
      # Cupy does not support subclassing a ndarray
      # result = arr.__array_wrap__(result)
      if l_begin > 0:
          result[:l_begin] = to_begin
      if l_end > 0:
          result[l_begin + l_diff :] = to_end
      cupy.subtract(
          arr[1:], arr[:-1], result[l_begin : l_begin + l_diff]
      )
      return result
  
imports: import warnings
  import numpy
  import cupy
  from cupy._core import _routines_math
  from cupy._core import _fusion_thread_local
  from cupy._core import internal
label_desc: Use image node_id 12 for calling a global function with example usage: ediff1d(arr, to_end, to_begin) and returns: result, unknown