class_docstr: Kernel ridge regression.
  
  Kernel ridge regression (KRR) combines ridge regression (linear least
  squares with l2-norm regularization) with the kernel trick. It thus
  learns a linear function in the space induced by the respective kernel and
  the data. For non-linear kernels, this corresponds to a non-linear
  function in the original space.
  
  The form of the model learned by KRR is identical to support vector
  regression (SVR). However, different loss functions are used: KRR uses
  squared error loss while support vector regression uses epsilon-insensitive
  loss, both combined with l2 regularization. In contrast to SVR, fitting a
  KRR model can be done in closed-form and is typically faster for
  medium-sized datasets. On the other hand, the learned model is non-sparse
  and thus slower than SVR, which learns a sparse model for epsilon > 0, at
  prediction-time.
  
  This estimator has built-in support for multi-variate regression
  (i.e., when y is a 2d-array of shape [n_samples, n_targets]).
  
  Read more in the :ref:`User Guide <kernel_ridge>`.
  
  Parameters
  ----------
  alpha : float or array-like of shape (n_targets,), default=1.0
      Regularization strength; must be a positive float. Regularization
      improves the conditioning of the problem and reduces the variance of
      the estimates. Larger values specify stronger regularization.
      Alpha corresponds to ``1 / (2C)`` in other linear models such as
      :class:`~sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression` or
      :class:`~sklearn.svm.LinearSVC`. If an array is passed, penalties are
      assumed to be specific to the targets. Hence they must correspond in
      number. See :ref:`ridge_regression` for formula.
  
  kernel : str or callable, default="linear"
      Kernel mapping used internally. This parameter is directly passed to
      :class:`~sklearn.metrics.pairwise.pairwise_kernels`.
      If `kernel` is a string, it must be one of the metrics
      in `pairwise.PAIRWISE_KERNEL_FUNCTIONS` or "precomputed".
      If `kernel` is "precomputed", X is assumed to be a kernel matrix.
      Alternatively, if `kernel` is a callable function, it is called on
      each pair of instances (rows) and the resulting value recorded. The
      callable should take two rows from X as input and return the
      corresponding kernel value as a single number. This means that
      callables from :mod:`sklearn.metrics.pairwise` are not allowed, as
      they operate on matrices, not single samples. Use the string
      identifying the kernel instead.
  
  gamma : float, default=None
      Gamma parameter for the RBF, laplacian, polynomial, exponential chi2
      and sigmoid kernels. Interpretation of the default value is left to
      the kernel; see the documentation for sklearn.metrics.pairwise.
      Ignored by other kernels.
  
  degree : int, default=3
      Degree of the polynomial kernel. Ignored by other kernels.
  
  coef0 : float, default=1
      Zero coefficient for polynomial and sigmoid kernels.
      Ignored by other kernels.
  
  kernel_params : dict, default=None
      Additional parameters (keyword arguments) for kernel function passed
      as callable object.
  
  Attributes
  ----------
  dual_coef_ : ndarray of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_targets)
      Representation of weight vector(s) in kernel space
  
  X_fit_ : {ndarray, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
      Training data, which is also required for prediction. If
      kernel == "precomputed" this is instead the precomputed
      training matrix, of shape (n_samples, n_samples).
  
  n_features_in_ : int
      Number of features seen during :term:`fit`.
  
      .. versionadded:: 0.24
  
  feature_names_in_ : ndarray of shape (`n_features_in_`,)
      Names of features seen during :term:`fit`. Defined only when `X`
      has feature names that are all strings.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.0
  
  See Also
  --------
  sklearn.gaussian_process.GaussianProcessRegressor : Gaussian
      Process regressor providing automatic kernel hyperparameters
      tuning and predictions uncertainty.
  sklearn.linear_model.Ridge : Linear ridge regression.
  sklearn.linear_model.RidgeCV : Ridge regression with built-in
      cross-validation.
  sklearn.svm.SVR : Support Vector Regression accepting a large variety
      of kernels.
  
  References
  ----------
  * Kevin P. Murphy
    "Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective", The MIT Press
    chapter 14.4.3, pp. 492-493
  
  Examples
  --------
  >>> from sklearn.kernel_ridge import KernelRidge
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> n_samples, n_features = 10, 5
  >>> rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
  >>> y = rng.randn(n_samples)
  >>> X = rng.randn(n_samples, n_features)
  >>> krr = KernelRidge(alpha=1.0)
  >>> krr.fit(X, y)
  KernelRidge(alpha=1.0)
code: def _get_kernel(self, X, Y=None):
      if callable(self.kernel):
          params = self.kernel_params or {}
      else:
          params = {
              "gamma": self.gamma,
              "degree": self.degree,
              "coef0": self.coef0,
          }
      return pairwise_kernels(
          X, Y, metric=self.kernel, filter_params=True, **params
      )
  
file_path: catboost/contrib/python/scikit-learn/py3/sklearn/kernel_ridge.py
imports: from numbers import Integral, Real
  import numpy
  from .base import BaseEstimator, MultiOutputMixin, RegressorMixin, _fit_context
  from .linear_model._ridge import _solve_cholesky_kernel
  from .metrics.pairwise import PAIRWISE_KERNEL_FUNCTIONS, pairwise_kernels
  from .utils._param_validation import Interval, StrOptions
  from .utils.validation import _check_sample_weight, check_is_fitted
label_desc: Use image node_id 2 for calling the KernelRidge obj's underlying member method code with example usage: obj._get_kernel(X, Y) and returns: pairwise_kernels