code: def strip_keys_with_value_none(d: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
      """Strip keys with value None from a dictionary."""
      return {k: v for k, v in d.items() if v is not None}
  
file_path: ray/python/ray/dashboard/modules/job/utils.py
imports: import dataclasses
  import logging
  import os
  import re
  import traceback
  from dataclasses import dataclass
  from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Any, Dict, Tuple, Union
  from ray._private import ray_constants
  from ray._private.gcs_utils import GcsAioClient
  from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import validate_request_type, JobInfoStorageClient
  from ray.dashboard.modules.job.pydantic_models import DriverInfo, JobDetails, JobType
  from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import JobStatus, JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY
  from ray.runtime_env import RuntimeEnv
label_desc: Use image node_id 1 for calling a global function with example usage: strip_keys_with_value_none(d) and returns: unknown