code: def mkpath(name, mode=0o777, verbose=1, dry_run=0):  # noqa: C901
      """Create a directory and any missing ancestor directories.
  
      If the directory already exists (or if 'name' is the empty string, which
      means the current directory, which of course exists), then do nothing.
      Raise DistutilsFileError if unable to create some directory along the way
      (eg. some sub-path exists, but is a file rather than a directory).
      If 'verbose' is true, print a one-line summary of each mkdir to stdout.
      Return the list of directories actually created.
  
      os.makedirs is not used because:
  
      a) It's new to Python 1.5.2, and
      b) it blows up if the directory already exists (in which case it should
         silently succeed).
      """
  
      global _path_created
  
      # Detect a common bug -- name is None
      if not isinstance(name, str):
          raise DistutilsInternalError(
              "mkpath: 'name' must be a string (got {!r})".format(name)
          )
  
      # XXX what's the better way to handle verbosity? print as we create
      # each directory in the path (the current behaviour), or only announce
      # the creation of the whole path? (quite easy to do the latter since
      # we're not using a recursive algorithm)
  
      name = os.path.normpath(name)
      created_dirs = []
      if os.path.isdir(name) or name == "":
          return created_dirs
      if _path_created.get(os.path.abspath(name)):
          return created_dirs
  
      (head, tail) = os.path.split(name)
      tails = [tail]  # stack of lone dirs to create
  
      while head and tail and not os.path.isdir(head):
          (head, tail) = os.path.split(head)
          tails.insert(0, tail)  # push next higher dir onto stack
  
      # now 'head' contains the deepest directory that already exists
      # (that is, the child of 'head' in 'name' is the highest directory
      # that does *not* exist)
      for d in tails:
          # print "head = %s, d = %s: " % (head, d),
          head = os.path.join(head, d)
          abs_head = os.path.abspath(head)
  
          if _path_created.get(abs_head):
              continue
  
          if verbose >= 1:
              log.info("creating %s", head)
  
          if not dry_run:
              try:
                  os.mkdir(head, mode)
              except OSError as exc:
                  if not (
                      exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(head)
                  ):
                      raise DistutilsFileError(
                          "could not create '{}': {}".format(
                              head, exc.args[-1]
                          )
                      )
              created_dirs.append(head)
  
          _path_created[abs_head] = 1
      return created_dirs
  
file_path: catboost/contrib/python/setuptools/py3/setuptools/_distutils/dir_util.py
imports: import os
  import errno
  from .errors import DistutilsInternalError, DistutilsFileError
  from ._log import log
label_desc: Use image node_id 1 for calling a global function with example usage: mkpath(name, mode, verbose, dry_run) and returns: created_dirs, created_dirs, created_dirs