class_docstr: Yao-Liu 9 objective function.
  
  This class defines the Yao-Liu [1]_ function 9 global optimization problem. This
  is a multimodal minimization problem defined as follows:
  
  .. math::
  
      f_{\text{YaoLiu09}}(x) = \sum_{i=1}^n \left [ x_i^2
                               - 10 \cos(2 \pi x_i ) + 10 \right ]
  
  Here, :math:`n` represents the number of dimensions and
  :math:`x_i \in [-5.12, 5.12]` for :math:`i = 1, ..., n`.
  
  *Global optimum*: :math:`f(x) = 0` for :math:`x_i = 0` for
  :math:`i = 1, ..., n`
  
  .. [1] Yao X., Liu Y. (1997) Fast evolution strategies.
  In: Angeline P.J., Reynolds R.G., McDonnell J.R., Eberhart R. (eds)
  Evolutionary Programming VI. EP 1997.
  Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1213. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
  
  .. [2] Gavana, A. Global Optimization Benchmarks and AMPGO retrieved 2015
code: def __init__(self, dimensions=2):
      Benchmark.__init__(self, dimensions)
  
      self._bounds = list(zip([-5.12] * self.N, [5.12] * self.N))
  
      self.global_optimum = [[0 for _ in range(self.N)]]
      self.fglob = 0.0
      self.change_dimensionality = True
  
file_path: scipy/benchmarks/benchmarks/go_benchmark_functions/go_funcs_Y.py
imports: from numpy import abs, sum, cos, pi
  from .go_benchmark import Benchmark
label_desc: Use image node_id 1 to create a new YaoLiu09 object from inherited base classes: Benchmark with example: obj = YaoLiu09(dimensions)