Fundamentally, Turkey's democratic evolution has been hampered by the absence of a democratic leftist alternative. The authoritarian right has held sway since the Turkish republic was founded in 1923. The historical record shows us - Sweden a century ago or Spain, Greece and Portugal in the 1970s - that a strong democratic left is crucial for democratization.
Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuguqukela kweTurkey embusweni wentando yeningi kuphazanyiswe ukungabi bikho kwendlela ehlukile yentando yeningi eyeseka ukulingana. Selokhu kwasungulwa iriphabhuliki yaseTurkey ngo-1923 bekubusa imibono yomashiqela abadla ngoludala. Umlando uyasikhombisa - eSweden eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule noma eSpain, eGrisi nasePortugal ngawo-1970 - ukuthi iqembu eliqinile eleseka ukulingana libalulekile ekwakheni ukusa ngentando yeningi.