A 2019 study by Dani Madrid-Morales, University of Huston and Herman Wasserman, University of Cape Town concluded that "mis- and disinformation campaigns have been used to influence political agendas" in Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa.
Binciken da Dani Madrid-Morales da Jami'ar Huston da kuma Jami'ar Herman Wasserman da ke Cape Town suka gudanar a shekarar 2019 ya nuna cewa an yi amfani labaran ƙarya ya yi tasiri a ajandar siyasa a Nijeriya da Kenya da kuma Afirka ta Kudu.