title: Colonial Justice in British India: White Violence and the Rule of Law (Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society)
author:  Elizabeth Kolsky 
description: "There is no question that Kolsky succeeds admirably in connecting white criminality to the core subjects of colonial history, including ideologies of rule, the lived experience of colonial conflicts, and the discourses of anti-colonial movements. The acts of violence she studies emerge not merely as chilling reminders of colonialism's cruelty but also as an integral and important force within colonial legal politics." <br />Lauren Benton, Law and History Review<br /><br />"... has much to offer. It opens a new window into the nature and complexity of British imperial rule. The excavation of the problems posed by the "non-official" white community in India is a welcome addition to the literature ... [T]his works adds to our understanding of the extent of violence inherent to white rule in India and contributes to a broader understanding of crime and justice under the British raj." <br />H-Law Reviews<br /><br />"... this is a remarkable study that opens up new vistas on the relationship among law, violence, and colonial rule. It is proof that the new imperial history is still capable of generating fresh insights." <br />Douglas M. Peers, American Historical Review<br /><br />"This is an excellent book and a much-needed contribution to the historiography of British India ... necessary reading for scholars interested in colonial India and empire ... It pushes all of us to ask penetrating questions about the practice of history - about what we choose to write about (and teach) and how we do so." <br />Clare Anderson, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society<br /><br />"Not all the judges in colonial India were fair and impartial ... The offenders were tried by white judges and white juries after white policemen had cooked up the case in their favour. It is this aspect of the British record on justice in India that Professor Elizabeth Kolsky of Villanova University exposes in her work with meticulous documentation and cogent analyses." <br />A. G Noorani, Frontline<br /><br />"Kolsky make[s] full and creative use of the colonial archive, and ... a strong case for re-examining the social and poiltical impact of white subalternity and violence on the British Raj. With [its] empirical richness and analytical acuteness, [the study] will be [an] essential referenc[e] for decades to come" <br />Satoshi Mizutani, Social History<br /><br />"Kolsky's work on colonial justice in India in the context of crime and violence by Europeans in India is an important intervention in scholarship on colonial legal history in India ... the book is highly recommended for its painstaking analysis of unfamiliar archival materials and texts which many historians, lawyers, and South Asian studies scholars will find useful." <br />Geetanjali Srikantan, Centre for the Study of Culture and Society, Bangalore<br /><br />"Kolsky's approach to the state and law is one of her most novel and valuable contributions." <br />Stephen Legg, Journal of Historical Geography<br /><br />"... [a] well documented account." <br />James A. Epstein, History Workshop Journal<br /><br />"... resonates with several dominant themes in historical research on British Imperialism ... commands our attention." <br />S. M. Den Otter, Victorian Studies
zlib_text:  
   
  The Indian Penal Code (PB), 36th ed
   
   
   
  Ratanlal & Dhirajlal: Indian Penal Code (PB) / THE INDIAN PENAL CODE
   
  Currency Date: 28 April 2020
  © 2020 LexisNexis
  
  THE INDIAN PENAL CODE
  (ACT XLV OF 1860)
  [Received the assent of the Governor-General on October 6, 1860.]
  
  THE INDIAN PENAL CODE
  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
  The Indian Penal Code was drafted by the First Indian Law Commission presided over
  by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay. The draft underwent further revision at the hands
  of well-known jurists, like Sir Barnes Peacock, and was completed in 1850. The Indian
  Penal Code was passed by the then Legislature on 6 October 1860 and was enacted as
  Act No. XLV of 1860.
  Preamble.
  WHEREAS it is expedient to provide a general
  Penal Code for India; It is enacted as follows:—
  COMMENT.—The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC, 1860) exhaustively codiﬁes the law
  relating to offences with which it deals and the rules of the common law cannot be
  resorted to for inventing exemptions which are not expressly