title: Electrical Field Reference Handbook: Revised for the NEC 2008
author: NJATC NJATC
description: NJATC develops and standardizes training for National Electrical Contractors Association and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, which represents more than 780,000 members working in a wide variety of fields around North America.
zlib_text: © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
  
  Sergey N. Makarov, Reinhold Ludwig and Stephen J. BitarPractical Electrical
  Engineering10.1007/978-3-319-21173-2_1
  
  # 1\. From Physics to Electric Circuits
  
  Sergey N. Makarov1 , Reinhold Ludwig2 and Stephen J. Bitar3
  
  (1)
  
  ECE Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Washington, USA
  
  (2)
  
  ECE Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
  
  (3)
  
  Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
  
  Keywords
  
  ElectricityElectric field intensityElectric fieldElectric field magnitudeLines
  of forceElectric potentialElectric voltageLine integralContour
  integralConservative fieldPotential energy of the electric fieldVoltage
  dropVoltage differenceGround referenceNeutral conductorCommon conductorVoltage
  versus groundEquipotential linesVolumetric charge densitySurface charge
  densityGauss’ theoremEquipotential surfaceSelf-capacitanceElectrostatic
  dischargeEffect of electrostatic discharge on