title: Coastal Shipping Through Time
author:  Ian Collard 
description: Ian Collard a well-known local author and has written many books on ocean liners and cargo ships, particularly those sailing out of Liverpool itself. Acknowledged as one of the local experts, he has even appeared on radio to tell of his times as an author. He lives in the Wirral, within sight and sound of the Mersey.
zlib_text: applied  
  sciences
  Article
  Machine Learning Approaches for Ship Speed
  Prediction towards Energy Eﬃcient Shipping
  Misganaw Abebe 1
  , Yongwoo Shin 2
  , Yoojeong Noh 2,*
  , Sangbong Lee 3 and Inwon Lee 4
  1
  Research Institute of Mechanical Technology, Pusan Nat’l University, Busan 46241, Korea;
  misge98@pusan.ac.kr
  2
  School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan Nat’l University, Busan 46241, Korea; ds_vitamin@naver.com
  3
  Lab021, Busan 48508, Korea; sblee@lab021.co.kr
  4
  Department of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Pusan Nat’l University, Busan 46241, Korea;
  inwon@pusan.ac.kr
  *
  Correspondence: yoonoh@pusan.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-51-510-2308
  Received: 18 February 2020; Accepted: 25 March 2020; Published: 28 March 2020
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  Abstract: As oil prices continue to rise internationally, shipping costs are also increasing rapidly. In
  order to reduce fuel costs, an economical shipping route must be determined by accurately predicting
  the estimated arrival time of ships. A common method in the