title: Philosophy of Logic: Second Edition
author:  Willard Van Orman Quine 
description: Quine has few if any equals as an expositor of logic The field in which he has made himself preeminent is that of the philosophy of logic, to which<i>Philosophy of Logic</i> is a short but brilliant introduction.<b><i></i></b><b><i>Times Literary Supplement</i></b><br /><br />By virtue of intellectual power, range and fertility of ideas and brilliance of presentation, Quine is the most distinguished and influential of living philosophers.<b><i></i></b><b><i>London Review of Books</i></b><br /><br />Quine pursues his philosophical vision with an uncompromising consistency of purpose that makes his doctrines impossible to ignore. You either go with him or define your position in reaction to his. And this is one mark of a great philosopher.<b><i></i></b><b><i>Journal of Philosophy</i></b>
zlib_text: MATHEMATICAL
  LOGIC
  Br
  Willard J7an Orman Quine
  REVISED EDITION
  HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
  Cambridge, Massachusetts
  London, England
  
  COPYRIGHT, 1940, 195 1, © 1979, 1981, BY
  \VILLARD VAN 'ORMAN QUINE
  This book has been digitally reprinted. The content
  ren1ains identical to that of previous printings.
  LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 80-85313
  ISBN 0-674-55450-7 (CLOTH)
  ISBN 0-674-55451-5 (PAPER)
  PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
  ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
  
  PREFACE, 1981
  When I turned doctor in 1932, I was still wholly under the spell
  of Principia M atheJllatica. To me this great work, by my teacher
  Whitehead and his pupil Russell, was the datum plane of mathematical
  logic. Improvement upon Principia was what I thought progress in
  mathematical logic consisted in. Progress in that sense was indeed no
  great challenge. The confusion of use and mention cried out for correc-
  tion, along with the resulting muddles over propositional functions,
  implication, and ramified types. Uneconomical d