title: The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics
author:  Ayesha Jalal 
description: [An] important book Ayesha Jalal has been one of the first and most reliable [Pakistani] political historians [on Pakistan] <i>The Struggle for Pakistan</i> [is] her most accessible work to date She is especially telling when she points to the lack of serious academic or political debate in Pakistan about the role of the military. (Ahmed Rashid <i>New York Review of Books</i>)<br /><br />Perceptive and learned [Jalal] shows that Pakistan never went off the rails; it was, moreover, never a democracy in any meaningful sense. For its entire history, a military caste and its supporters in the ruling class have formed an establishment that defined their narrow interests as the nations While it is tempting to blame the generals for everything that has gone wrong in Pakistan, Jalal makes it clear that the civilian leadership has been corrupt, petty and small-minded, putting politics above the principle of civilian supremacy, especially when opponents are in power <i>The Struggle for Pakistan</i> traces Pakistans decline all the way up to the present. (Isaac Chotiner <i>Wall Street Journal</i>)<br /><br />Jalal offers a clear, chronological account of how the army, in competition with civilians, has misruled Pakistan. (<i>The Economist</i>)<br /><br />Ayesha Jalals many-years-in-gestation magnum opus She is more surgical than most Pakistanis in her diagnostic observations. (Khaled Ahmed <i>Newsweek</i>)<br /><br />The book deserves to be translated into many languages This a heartfelt account, as well as an erudite one. (Nadya Chishty-Mujahid <i>Dawn</i>)<br /><br />There are few books that trace Pakistans contemporary history in a readable fashion. Jalal, therefore, has presented all the arguments and key developments from the imposition of martial law by President Iskander Mirza in 1958, the rise of Ayub Khan, the 1971 civil war and creation of Bangladesh, Zulfikar Ali Bhuttos populism and the damaging decades of 1980s and 1990s that shape todays Pakistan and its woes Provide[s] a useful background to the global audience to Pakistans complex history In a country where the discipline of history has vanished and replaced by state propaganda, Jalals book is a layered account that aims to undertake a much-needed correction of national histories. (Raza Rumi <i>Express Tribune</i>)<br /><br />How to restore that collective sense of identity, and its commitment to Pakistan is a challenge, which needs further analysis. Additionally, how to create a similar South Asian identity, and a commitment towards that is another key challenge. This book, particularly its attempt to reflect on the interface of politics and history, provides some clue about striving towards such a goal. Scholars of South Asia will profit from reading <i>The Struggle for Pakistan</i>, which excels in the art of writing simultaneously about the politics and history of a country whose normal life is vital for global peace. (Shaikh Mujibur Rehman <i>Hindustan Times</i>)<br /><br /><i>The Struggle for Pakistan</i> will be the definitive history of Pakistan for decades to come. The authors prose is clean, the book is thoughtfully structured, and the research is as close to exhaustive as one could imagine Anyone attempting to see into Pakistans future or better understand its complex past should read <i>The Struggle for Pakistan</i> Jalal has accomplished something remarkable in presenting the history of Pakistan in such an engaging, comprehensive, and readable manner. (Zachary Stockill <i>PopMatters</i>)<br /><br />Jalal offers a comprehensive history of Pakistan since its inception in 1947, with an eye toward its defining post-colonial element: military rule Jinnahs early death in 1948 left an unfortunate leadership vacuum and a perpetual internal debate over Pakistans national identity. Jalal delineates painstakingly how, in the decades that followed, Pakistan, unlike India, was unable to build institutions of participatory democracy and instead moved toward a centralization of power under the auspices of military and bureaucracy Tracing key eventsthe initial imposition of martial law by President Iskander Mirza in 1958, the 1971 civil war that created Bangladesh, the rise and fall of populist leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and one assassination after the otherJalal brings us to the present day, where Pakistan, despite being called a failing or failed state, continues to hope for change. (<i>Kirkus Reviews</i>)<br /><br />For many in the West, Pakistan is an enigma, a Muslim homeland that seems to have lost its way into a wilderness of perpetual crisis, extremism, and nuclear standoff with India. <i>The Struggle for Pakistan</i> is a perceptive look at the idea and reality of Pakistan, its history and future in the context of the global order, by one of the most preeminent scholars of South Asia. Well written and brimming with fact and insight. (Vali Nasr, author of <i>The Dispensable Nation: American Foreign Policy in Retreat</i>)
zlib_text: National Identities in Pakistan
  In 1971, a war which took place in Pakistan resulted in the establishment
  of two separate countries: East Pakistan became Bangladesh, leaving the
  remaining four western provinces to comprise a truncated Pakistan. This
  book examines how literature by those who remained Pakistanis acts as a
  cultural response to the threat the war posed to a nationalist identity. It pro-
  vides an analysis of the writing by Pakistani authors in their attempt to deal
  with the radical shock of the war and shows how ﬁction about the war helps
  readers imagine what the paring down of the country means for any abiding
  articulation of a Pakistani group identiﬁcation.
  The author discusses English- and Urdu-language ﬁctions in the context of
  the historical debate about Pakistani nationalism, including how such
  nationalism informs literary culture, and the contemporary interest in oﬃcial
  apologies for the past. The author organises the literary analysis around
  four key issues: the dom