title: R Reference Manual: Base Package, Vol. 1
author: The R Development Core Team
description: For each set of manuals sold (volumes 1 & 2) $10 will be donated to the R Foundation by the publisher to support the development of the software.
zlib_text: An Introduction to R
  Notes on R: A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics
  Version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)
  W. N. Venables, D. M. Smith
  and the R Core Team
  
  This manual is for R, version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29).
  Copyright c⃝ 1990 W. N. Venables
  Copyright c⃝ 1992 W. N. Venables & D. M. Smith
  Copyright c⃝ 1997 R. Gentleman & R. Ihaka
  Copyright c⃝ 1997, 1998 M. Maechler
  Copyright c⃝ 1999–2018 R Core Team
  Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided
  the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
  Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under
  the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work
  is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
  Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into an-
  other language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this
  permission notice 