title: The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi'i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran
author:  Kamran Scot Aghaie 
description: "Overall, for fusing together cultural, social, and political history of the Moharram rituals and symbols, Aghaie's book is highly recommended to all those interested in modern Shi'i and Iranian history."<i>American Historical Review</i><P>"For those concerned with the political currency of religious ritual and symbolism among the Shi'ites of Iran, take heed of Kamran Scot Aghaie's Martyrs of Karbala..An essential study for our leaders and general readers alike."<i>Virginia Quarterly Review</i>
zlib_text:  
   
  In the Name of 
  Allah,  
  the Compassionate, 
  the Merciful 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
  2 
   
   
   
   
  
   
  3 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
  4 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
  5 
   
   
  SAHIFEH-YE 
  IMAM 
   
   
   
  An Anthology of Imam 
  Khomeini‘s 
  Speeches, Messages, 
  Interviews, Decrees,  
  Religious Permissions, and 
  Letters 
   
   
   
  Volume 1 
  March 1933 – October 23, 1965  
  [Farvardin 1312 – Aban 1, 1344 AHS] 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  The Institute for Compilation and Publication 
  of Imam Khomeini‘s Works 
  (International Affairs Department) 
   
  
   
  6 
   
   
  
   
  7 
  Transliteration Symbols 
   
   
   
  Symbol 
  Transliteration 
  ﺀ, ﺍ 
  a, ‘a, (‘) 
  ﺏ 
  b 
  ﺕ 
  t 
  ﺙ 
  th 
  ﺝ 
  j 
  ﺡ 
  h 
  ﺥ 
  kh 
  ﺩ 
  d 
  ﺬ 
  dh 
  ﺭ 
  r 
  ﺯ 
  z 
  ﺲ 
  s 
  ﺵ 
  sh 
  ﺺ 
  s 
  ﺾ 
  d 
  ﻁ 
  t 
  ﻅ 
  z 
  ﻉ ‗ 
  ﻍ 
  gh 
  ﻑ 
  f 
  ﻕ 
  q 
  ﻙ 
  k 
  ﻝ 
  l 
  ﻡ 
  m 
  ﻥ 
  n 
  ﻮ 
  w 
  ﻩ 
  h 
  ﻱ 
  y 
  ﺓ 
  ah 
   
   
  Long Vowels 
   
  Symbol 
  Transliteration 
  ﺁ, ﺎ 
  a, A  
  ﻯﺍ 
  i, I 
  ﻮﺍ 
  u, U 
   
   
   
  Short Vowels 
   
  Symbol 
  Transliteration 
  َﺍ 
  a 
  ِﺍ 
  i 
  ُﺍ 
  u 
   
   
   
  Persian Letters 
   
  Symbol 
  Transliteration 
  ﭗ 
  p 
  ﭺ 
  ch 
  ﮊ 
  zh 
  ﮒ 
  g 
  
   
  Figure 1. Map o