title: Drilling Fluids Processing Handbook
author: ASME Shale Shaker Committee
description: The only resource available to the drilling and petroleum engineer on drilling fluids processing.
zlib_text:  
  Minerals 2020, 10, 278; doi:10.3390/min10030278 
  www.mdpi.com/journal/minerals 
  Article 
  Optimisation of Radium Removal from Saline 
  Produced Waters during Oil and Gas Extraction 
  Joel Garner 1 and David Read 2,3,* 
  1 Aurora Health Physics, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0SG, UK; joel.garner@aurorahp.co.uk 
  2 Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK  
  3 National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK 
  * Correspondence: d.read@surrey.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-1483-683451 
  Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 9 March 2020; Published: 19 March 2020 
  Abstract: Unconventional shale gas exploitation presents complex problems in terms of radioactive 
  waste disposal. Large volumes of saline produced water resulting from hydraulic fracturing are 
  typically enriched in radium isotopes, up to several hundred Bq/dm3, orders of magnitude above 
  national discharge limits. There is a need, therefore, to decontaminate the fluid prior to discharge, 
  preferably by creating a less