title: The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder
author:  Allan V. Horwitz 
description: <br>"Relentless in its logic, Horwitz and Wakefield's book forces one to confront basic issues that cut to the heart of psychiatry. It has caused me to rethink my own position and how the authors' concerns might best be handled. It will shape future discussion and research on depression, and it will be an indispensable guide to those rethinking psychiatric diagnostic criteria in preparation for the DSM-V. [A] watershed in the conceptual development of the field."--<em>from the Foreword by Robert L. Spitzer, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Head of the Task</em> <em>Forces for the DSM-III and DSM-III-R</em>
zlib_text: THE	PSYCHOBIOLOGY	OF	SADNESS
  SILVANO	ARIETI,	M.D.
  
  e-Book	2015	International	Psychotherapy	Institute
  From	Severe	and	Mild	Depression	by	Silvano	Arieti	&	Jules	Bemporad
  Copyright	©	1978	Silvano	Arieti	&	Jules	Bemporad
  All	Rights	Reserved
  Created	in	the	United	States	of	America
  www.freepsychotherapybooks.org
  ebooks@theipi.org
  
  Table	of	Contents
  Introductory	Remarks
  Feelings	And	Experiences	Of	Inner	Status
  Sadness
  Sadness—And	Bereavement	In	Particular—As	A	Motivational	Force
  Other	Aspects	of	Sadness
  Transformation	of	Sadness
  Unresolved	Sadness	and	Depression
  REFERENCES
  Severe and Mild Depression
  5
  
  THE	PSYCHOBIOLOGY	OF	SADNESS
  Silvano	Arieti
  Introductory	Remarks
  Many	psychiatrists	warn	the	therapist	in	training	not	to	confuse	sadness,	or
  normal	 unhappiness,	 with	 depression.	 The	 warning	 is	 appropriate,	 but
  certainly	the	confusion	would	not	arise	if	there	were	no	similarities	between
  these	two	human	conditions.	And	even	if	the	similarities	were	less	important
  than	 the	 differences,