title: Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How it Threatens Creativity (Fast Track Books)
author:  Siva Vaidhyanathan 
description: Vaidyanathan, a professor at the School of Information Studies of the University of Wisconsin and frequent NPR commentator, details the specious ideological evolution of copyright from a set of loose policies intended to encourage cultural expression into a form of property law (now codified in the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 2000) that functions as a seal on creative works. In prose remarkably free of legal and academic jargon, Vaidyanathan begins with a concise, well-paced history of copyright from the framing of the Constitution through the literary world of Mark Twain and the advent of music sampling. The book is surprisingly entertaining, as Vaidyanathan deftly weaves a wide array of episodes from popular culture into a cogent examination of both the creative process and the laws and commercial interests that process dovetails with, then closes with a synthesis and a stern warning for the digital age. Through a combination of copyright laws, contract law and technological controls, Vaidyanathan asserts that corporate control over the use of software, digital music, images, films, books and academic materials. But copyright law, he argues, was designed to be flexible, and this elasticity is essential for the cultural vibrancy and political balance of our democracy. The argument is compelling. In the age of Napster, digital piracy may be the cause clbre, but this well-crafted and important book shows that there are graver concerns for the public in the entertainment industry's effort to tighten its grip on intellectual property. (Oct.)Forecast: Copyright used to be of interest only to a gaggle of Hollywood lawyers, but with the advent of technologies like Napster, it has become an issue of major importance to many more. This book is simply the best on the subject to date, and it should receive widespread attention. Random House is publishing a book on a similar subject by the Microsoft trial expert Lawrence Lessig in November, which will only further heighten interest.
zlib_text:  Institutions Always “Mattered” 
  
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   Institutions Always 
  “Mattered” 
   Explaining Prosperity in Mediaeval 
  Ragusa (Dubrovnik) 
   Oleh  Havrylyshyn 
   and
  Nora Srzentić  
   
   
  
   © Oleh Havrylyshyn and Nora Srzentic´ 2015 
   All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this 
   publication may be made without written permission. 
   No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted 
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   permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 
   Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. 
   Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication 
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   The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work 
   in accordance with the Copyright, Designs a