title: RNA: A Laboratory Manual
author: Donald C. Rio
description: Almost all molecular and cellular biology laboratories now handle RNA and this manual is an authoritative source of information and protocols for this purpose, from the basic to the advanced. Required reading for every research laboratory in the life sciences.
zlib_text: 203
  DNA, the genetic material, is a double helix containing
  the nitrogen bases A (adenine) paired with T (thymine)
  and G (guanine) paired with C (cytosine). During repli-
  cation, DNA “unzips,” and then a complementary strand
  forms opposite to each original strand.
  DNA specifies the synthesis of proteins because it
  contains a triplet code: every three bases stand for one
  amino acid. During transcription, mRNA is made com-
  plementary to one of the DNA strands. mRNA, bearing
  codons, moves to the cytoplasm, where it becomes associated
  with the ribosomes. During translation, tRNA mole-
  cules, attached to their own particular amino acids, travel
  to a ribosome, and through complementary base pair-
  ing between anticodons and codons, the tRNAs and
  therefore the amino acids in a polypeptide are sequenced
  in a predetermined way.
  The following levels of control of gene expression
  are possible in eukaryotes: transcriptional control, post-
  transcriptional control, translational control, and post-
  tr